III - Part 1 GL 2004

Section 9

Transverse Bulkheads and Walls

Chapter 1 Page 91

Section 9 Transverse Bulkheads and Walls

A. General, Definitions first deck above the bulkhead deck. The extension need not be fitted directly in line with the bulkhead below, provided the requirements of 1.1 are fulfilled and the scantlings of the part of the bulkhead deck which forms the step or recess are not less than required for a collision bulkhead. Openings with weathertight closing appliances may be fitted above the bulkhead deck in the collision bulkhead and in the aforementioned step and recess. However the number of openings shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. 1.2.3 No doors, manholes, access openings, or ventilation ducts are permitted in the collision bulkhead below the bulkhead deck and above the double bottom. Where pipes are piercing the collision bulkhead below the bulkhead deck, screw down valves are to be fitted directly at the collision bulkhead. Where such valves are fitted within the forepeak they are to be operable from above the freeboard deck. Where a readily accessible space which is not a hold space is located directly adjacent to the forepeak, e.g. a bow-thruster space, the screwdown valves may be fitted within this space directly at the collision bulkhead and need not be operable from a remote position. 1.3 Stern tube bulkhead

1. Scope This Section applies to watertight and non-watertight bulkheads as well as watertight and non-watertight transverse walls of the ship, see Table 9.1. Inclined walls with an inclination to the horizontal of less than or equal 45 will be treated as deck, see Section 6, Fig. 6.4 and Section 8. The special requirements for tanks in the hull are given in Section 10. 2. PE pL Definitions = single point load [kN] according to Section 5, F.2. = design load on internal decks [kN/m2] according to Section 5, F.

pNWT = design load on non-watertight divisions [kN/m] according to Section 5, D.2. pS pT1 = design pressure for walls exposed to see [kN/m], see Section 5, C.1. = design pressure for tanks [kN/m] according to Section 5, G.1.3

pWT = load on watertight divisions [kN/m] according to Section 5, D.1.

B.

Arrangement and Design of Watertight Bulkheads Arrangement of watertight bulkheads Watertight subdivision

1. 1.1

1.3.1 If a stern tube bulkhead is provided, it shall, in general, be so arranged that the stern tube and the rudder trunk are enclosed in a watertight compartment. The stern tube bulkhead should extend to the bulkhead deck or to a watertight platform situated above the design waterline. 1.3.2 Where a complete stern tube bulkhead is not practicable, only watertight void spaces enclosing the stern tube entrances, providing the possibility for a second watertight sealing may be arranged. The same arrangement can be applied for the rudder trunk. 1.4 Remaining watertight bulkheads

The watertight subdivision will be determined in general by the damage stability calculations according to Section 2, C.2.3. 1.2 Collision bulkhead

1.2.1 If a collision bulkhead is arranged, it shall extend watertight up to the bulkhead deck. Steps or recesses may be permitted if the conditions of 1.1 are observed. 1.2.2 In ships having continuous or long superstructures, the collision bulkhead shall extend to the

1.4.1 The remaining watertight bulkheads, which are in general depending on the type of the naval ship and the requirements for damage stability defined in Section 2, C., have to be extended to the bulkhead deck. Wherever practicable, they shall be situated in one frame plane, otherwise those portions of decks situated between parts of transverse bulkheads are to

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Section 9

Transverse Bulkheads and Walls

III - Part 1 GL 2004

be watertight. In horizontal parts of bulkheads the requirements for decks according to Section 8 have to be applied. 1.4.2 Bulkheads shall be fitted separating the machinery spaces from service spaces and accommodation rooms forward and aft and made watertight up to the bulkhead deck. 2. Watertight transverse walls

tertight subdivision bulkheads, where deterioration of such systems in the event of fire would impair the watertight integrity of the bulkheads. The closing mechanism is to be safely operable from each side of the bulkhead and from above the bulkhead deck by a power operated mechanism. If closing of the door cannot be observed with certainty, an indicator is to be fitted which shows, if the door is closed or open; the indicator is to be installed at the position from which the closing is operated. 3.2.3 Operation requirements

Plating and stiffeners of watertight transverse walls other than tank walls have to be designed in accordance with C. 3. 3.1 Openings in watertight bulkheads General

3.1.1 Type and arrangement of doors are to be submitted for approval. 3.1.2 Regarding openings in the collision bulkhead see 1.2.2 and 1.2.3. 3.1.3 In the other watertight bulkheads, watertight doors may be fitted. 3.1.4 On ships for which proof of floatability in damaged condition is to be provided, hinged doors are permitted above the most unfavourable damage waterline for the respective compartment only. 3.1.5 Watertight doors are to be sufficiently strong and of an approved design. The thickness of plating is not to be less than the minimum thickness according to C.2. 3.1.6 Openings for watertight doors in the bulkheads are to be effectively framed such as to facilitate proper fitting of the doors and to guarantee perfect watertightness. 3.2 3.2.1 Bulkhead doors Hinged doors

Power-operated doors are to be capable of being reliably closed against an adverse list of 15. The closing time, from the time each door begins to move to the time it reaches the completely closed position, shall in no case be less than 20 seconds or more than 40 seconds with the ship in upright position. Being closed from the central operating console all doors shall be in closed position within 60 seconds. Hand-operated closing appliances are to be so designed that the doors can be closed against a list of 15 and that the closing time with the ship upright will not exceed 90 seconds. Consideration shall also be given to the forces which may act on either side of the door as may be experienced when water is flowing through the opening applying a static head equivalent to a water height of at least 1 m above the sill on the centreline of the door. 3.2.4 Tests

Before being fitted, the watertight bulkhead doors, together with their frames, are to be tested by a head of water corresponding to the bulkhead deck height. After having been fitted, the doors are to be hose- or soap-tested for tightness and to be subjected to an operational test. 3.3 Penetrations through watertight bulkheads

3.4 Where bulkhead fittings are penetrating watertight bulkheads, care is to be taken to maintain watertightness. For penetrations through the collision bulkhead 1.2.3 is to be observed. 4. Gastight bulkheads

Hinged doors are to be provided with rubber or equivalent sealings and toggles or other approved closing appliances which guarantee a sufficient sealing pressure. The toggles and closing appliances are to be operable from both sides of the bulkhead. Hinges are to have oblong holes if no pneumatic activation of the sealing is provided. Bolts and bearings are to be of corrosion resistant material. A warning notice requiring the doors to be kept closed at sea is to be fitted at the doors. 3.2.2 Sliding doors

4.1 Gastight bulkheads have to be designed like watertight bulkheads or tank walls, respectively. 4.2 Watertight bulkheads must generally not be gastight. Special additional efforts have to be made for the tightness of the connections of the construction elements. 4.3 Gastight bulkhead penetrations have to be approved by GL.

Sliding doors are to be carefully fitted and are to be properly guided in all positions. Heat sensitive materials are not to be used in systems which penetrate wa-

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Section 9

Transverse Bulkheads and Walls

Chapter 1 Page 93

4.4 For the final testing of the gas tightness of a bulkhead a special test procedure has to be agreed. This procedure may include the complete space to be gastight or may be concentrated on welding joints of the bulkhead. The regulations of the Naval Authority have to be observed.

4.2 Frames are to be connected to transverse deck beams by brackets according to Section 4, C.3.3. 4.3 The transverse structure of superstructures and deckhouses is to be sufficiently dimensioned for stiffness by a suitable arrangement of end bulkheads, web frames, steel walls of cabins and casings, or by other measures. 4.4 For the design of girders and web frames of bulkheads plastic hinges can be taken into account, see Section 4, D.

C.

Scantlings of Single Plate Bulkheads and Transverse Walls Design references

1.

1.1 The design of single plate bulkheads shall follow the references given in Table 9.1. Bulkheads of different types have to be specially considered and agreed with GL. 1.2 Where spaces are intended to be used as tanks, their bulkheads and walls are to comply with the requirements of Section 10. 1.3 If a bulkhead or wall is non-watertight, but contributes to the overall structural strength of the ship, the scantlings have to be evaluated in general as for watertight bulkheads or web frames, see Section 7, D.5., at the same location. 2. Plating

D. 1.

Corrugated Bulkheads. Design references

The design shall follow the references given in Table 9.2. 2. Plating

For the design of the plating the spacing a will be the greater one of the values b or s [m] according to 3, see Fig. 9.1. 3. Section modulus

2.1 At no point the thickness shall be less than 3,0 mm. 2.2 Stern tube bulkheads are to be provided with a strengthened plate in way of the stern tube. 2.3 In areas where concentrated loads due to ship manoeuvres at naval bases may be expected, the buckling strength of bulkhead plate fields directly attached to the side shell, is to be examined according to Section 7, F.1. 3. Secondary stiffeners

The required section modulus of a corrugated bulkhead element is to be determined by direct calculation. For the spacing a, the width of an element e [m] according to Fig. 9.1 is to be taken. For the end attachment see Section 4, C.6. For flanges of corrugated elements subject to compressive stresses the effective width according to Section 4, H.2.2 has to be considered.

b 2

3.1 In horizontal parts of bulkheads, the stiffeners are also to comply with the requirements for deck beams according to Section 8. 3.2 The end attachment of secondary stiffeners shall comply with Section 4, C.3. 3.3 Unbracketed bulkhead stiffeners are to be connected to the decks by welding. The length of weld is to be at least 0,6 depth of the section. 4. Primary members e b s d t

e
= width of element = breadth of face plate = breadh of web plate = distance beween face plates = plate thickess 45 [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm]

4.1 Regarding effective width Section 4, G. has to be observed.

Fig. 9.1 Dimensions of a corrugated bulkhead element

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Section 9

Transverse Bulkheads and Walls

III - Part 1 GL 2004

E. 1.

Shaft Tunnels Design references

The design shall follow the references given in Table 9.3. 2. General

2.2 The access opening between engine room and shaft tunnel is to be closed by a watertight sliding door complying with the requirements according to B.3.2.2. For extremely short shaft tunnels watertight doors between tunnel and engine room may be dispensed with subject to special approval.

2.1 Shaft and stuffing box are to be accessible. Where one or more compartments are situated between stern tube bulkhead and engine room, a watertight shaft tunnel is to be arranged. The size of the shaft tunnel is to be adequate for service and maintenance purposes.

3.

Scantlings

The scantlings are to be determined according to Sections 8, 9, 10 whichever is applicable.

Table 9.1

Bulkhead and transverse wall design references

Structural element Watertight: Plating Stiffeners Girders Non-watertight: Plating Stiffeners Girders

Design according to

Loads according to Section 5, if applicable

Remarks

Section 4, B.3. Section 4, Table 4.3 Section 4, D.

pS C.1. pWT D.1. pT1 G.

See 2. See 3. See 4.

Section 4, B.3. Section 4, Table 4.3 Section 4, D. pNWT D.2.

See 2. See 3. See 4.

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Section 9

Transverse Bulkheads and Walls

Chapter 1 Page 95

Table 9.2

Corrugated bulkhead design references Design according to Loads according to Section 5, if applicable In-plane stresses, if applicable Remarks

Structural element

Watertight: Plating , vertically corrugated Plating, horizontally corrugated Non-watertight: Plating, vertically corrugated Plating, horizontally corrugated
1

Section 4, B.3.

pWT D.1. pT1 G.

z, yz y, yz

See 2. and 3.
1

z, yz 1 Section 4, B.3. pNWT D.2. y, yz

1

See 2. and 3.

due to bending of corrugation

Table 9.3

Shaft tunnel design references

Design according to Section 4, B.3. Section 4, Table 4.2 Section 4, D. Loads according to Section 5 pWT pL PE D.1. F. F. See 3. See 3. Remarks

Structural element/ special checks Plating Stiffeners Girders