O Bluetooth

O Comparison
2
CONTENT
Over vi ew of Bl uet oot h Hi st or y
Typi cal Bl uet oot h Scenar i o
The Bl uet oot h Speci f i cat i ons
Pr ot ocol s
Secur i t y
Pr of i l es
Summar y
In 1994 Er i csson company i ni t i at ed some st udi es on mul t i -
communi cat or l i nk.
Lat er t hi s pr oj ect was r enamed as Bl uet oot h accor di ng t o Har al d
Gor msen, ki ng of Denmar k i n 10
t h
cent ur y.
Foundat i on of Bl uet oot h i n 1998 by f i ve compani es Er i csson, Int el ,
IBM , Noki a, Toshi ba.
In 1999 Er i csson er ect ed a r une st one i n sweden i n memor y of Har al d
Gor msen who gave t hi s new i dea of wi r el ess communi cat i on
t echnol ogy.
In 2001 f i r st consumer pr oduct s f or mass mar ket , spec. ver si on 1.1
was r el eased.
In 2002 many ot her compani es and r esear ch i nst i t ut i ons l i ke 3Com,
Ager e , M i cr osof t , M ot or ol a wer e j oi ned.
Transmission rat e 115kbps or 4M bps
Problems:
Ver y l i mi t ed r ange 2met er s f or bui l t -i n i nt er f aces
Need f or Li ne of Si ght bet ween t he i nt er f aces
Li mi t ed t o 2 par t i ci pant s Poi nt t o poi nt
connect i ons
Advant age : Low cost
2. 4 GHz I SM band, 79 (23) RF channels, 1 M Hz carrier spacing
Channel 0: 2402 M Hz channel 78: 2480 M Hz
G-FSK modul at i on, 1-100 mW t ransmi t power
FHSS and TDD
Fr equency hoppi ng w i t h 1600 hops/ s
Hoppi ng sequence i n a pseudo random f ashi on, det er mi ned by a mast er
Ti me di vi si on dupl ex f or send/ r ecei ve separat i on
Voice link SCO (Synchronous Connect ion Orient ed)
FEC (f or war d er r or cor r ect i on), no r e-t ransmi ssi on, 64 kbi t / s dupl ex,
poi nt -t o-poi nt , ci r cui t sw i t ched
Dat a link ACL (Asynchronous Connect ion Less)
Asynchr onous, f ast acknow l edge, poi nt -t o-mul t i poi nt , up t o 433.9 kbi t / s
symmet r i c or 723.2/ 57.6 kbi t / s asymmet r i c, packet sw i t ched
Topology
Over l appi ng pi conet s (st ars) f or mi ng a scat t er net .
Connect i on of per i pheral devi ces
Can connect var i ous devi ces t o a deskt op vi a Bl uet oot h
Suppor t of ad-hoc net wor ki ng
M ai n ai m i s t o pr ovi de l ocal wi r el ess access at ver y l ow cost by
f or mi ng a smal l ad hoc net wor k t o shar e dat a.
Br i dgi ng of net wor ks
A mobi l e phone can act as a br i dge bet ween l ocal pi conet and t he
gl obal GSM net wor k.
7
What i s Bl uet oot h?
Bl uet oot h w i r el ess t echnol ogy i s an open speci f i cat i on
f or a l ow -cost , l ow -power, shor t -range radi o t echnol ogy
f or ad-hoc w i r el ess communi cat i on of voi ce and dat a
anyw her e i n t he wor l d.
One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module
8
Ul t i mat e Headset
9
Cor dl ess Comput er
10
Over vi ew of Bl uet oot h Hi st or y
What i s Bl uet oot h?
Bluet oot h is a short -range w ireless communicat ions
t echnology.
Why t hi s name?
I t w as t aken f rom t he 10t h cent ury Danish King Harald
Blat and w ho unif ied Denmark and Norw ay.
When does i t appear ?
1994 Ericsson st udy on a w ireless t echnology t o link
mobile phones & accessories.
5 companies joined t o form t he Bluet oot h Special
I nt erest Group ( SI G) in 1998.
First specif icat ion released in July 1999.
11
Bluet oot h vs. I rD
Bl uet oot h
Point t o M ult ipoint
Dat a & Voice
Easier Synchronizat ion due t o
omni-direct ional and no LOS
requirement
Devices can be mobile
Range 10 m
IrD
Point t o point
I nt ended for Dat a Communicat ion
I nf rared, LOS communicat ion
Can not penet rat e solid object s
Bot h devices must be st at ionary,
for synchronizat ion
Range 1 m
12
Bl uet oot h -Goal s & Vi si on
Or i gi nal l y concei ved as a cabl e r epl acement
t echnol ogy
Shor t -Range Wi r el ess Sol ut i ons
Open Speci f i cat i on
Voi ce and Dat a Capabi l i t y
Wor l dwi de Usabi l i t y
Ot her usage model s began t o devel op:
Personal Area Net w ork ( PAN)
Ad-hoc net w orks
Dat a/ voice access point s
Bridging of net w orks
13
Techni cal f eat ur es
Connection Type
Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping)
& Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec)
Spectrum
2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of
spectrum = 79 channels)
Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
Transmission Power 1 mw 100 mw
Data Rate 1 Mbps
Range 30 ft
Supported Stations 8 devices
Data Security Authentication Key 128 bit key
Data Security Encryption Key 8-128 bits (configurable)
Module size 9 x 9 mm
Pi conet
Col l ect i on of devi ces connect ed i n an ad hoc
f ashi on
One uni t act s as mast er and t he ot her s as sl aves
f or t he l i f et i me of t he pi conet
M ast er det er mi nes hoppi ng pat t er n, sl aves have
t o synchr oni ze
Each pi conet has a uni que hoppi ng pat t er n
Par t i ci pat i on i n a pi conet = synchr oni zat i on t o
hoppi ng sequence
Each pi conet has one mast er and up t o 7
si mul t aneous sl aves (> 200 coul d be par ked)
M =M ast er
S=Sl ave
P=Par ked
SB=St andby
M
S
P
SB
S
S
P
P
SB
14
For mi ng a Pi conet
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
SB
M
S
P
SB
S
S
P
P
SB

16 M arch, 2012 16
Ad-hoc Net wor k t he Scat t er net
Int er -pi conet
communi cat i on
Up t o 10 pi conet s i n a
scat t er net
M ul t i pl e pi conet s can
operat e w i t hi n same
physi cal space
Thi s i s an ad-hoc, peer t o
peer (P2P) net wor k
Scat t er net
Li nki ng of mul t i pl e co-l ocat ed pi conet s
t hr ough t he shar i ng of common mast er or
sl ave devi ces
Devi ces can be sl ave i n one pi conet and mast er of
anot her
Communi cat i on bet ween pi conet s
Devi ces j umpi ng back and f or t h bet ween t he
pi conet s
scat t er net
M =M ast er
S=Sl ave
P=Par ked
SB=St andby
M
S
P
SB
S
S
P
P
SB
M
S
S
P
SB
Pi conet s
(each w i t h a
capaci t y of
< 1 M bi t / s)
18
Bl uet oot h pr ot ocol st ack
Radi o
Baseband
Li nk M anager
Cont r ol
Host
Cont r ol l er
Int er f ace
Logi cal Li nk Cont r ol and Adapt at i on Pr ot ocol (L2CAP)
Audi o
TCS BIN SDP
OBEX
vCal / vCar d
IP
NW apps.
TCP/ UDP
BNEP
RFCOM M (ser i al l i ne i nt er f ace)
AT modem
commands
t el ephony apps. audi o apps. mgmnt . apps.
AT: at t ent i o n sequence
OBEX: obj ect exchange
TCS BIN: t el ephony cont rol prot ocol speci f i cat i on bi nar y
BNEP: Bl uet oot h net wor k encapsul at i on prot ocol
SDP: ser vi ce di scover y prot ocol
RFCOM M : radi o f requency comm.
PPP
19
Bl uet oot h uses l i cense-f r ee f r equency band at 2.4
GHz w hi ch al l ows wor l dw i de operat i on.
Fr equency hoppi ng or Ti me-di vi si on dupl ex
scheme i s used f or t ransmi ssi on.
Requi r es smal l , l ow power chi ps w hi ch can be
bui l t i nt o handhel d devi ces.
Shoul d be desi gned w i t h a combi ned use f or dat a
and voi ce t ransmi ssi ons.
Bl uet oot h t ranscei ver s use Gaussi an FSK f or
modul at i on.
Pi conet / channel def i ni t i on
Low -l evel packet def i ni t i on
Access code
Channel , devi ce access, e.g., der i ved f r om mast er
Packet header
1/ 3-FEC, act i ve member addr ess (br oadcast + 7 sl aves),
l i nk t ype, al t er nat i ng bi t ARQ/ SEQ, checksum
Fr equency sel ect i on dur i ng dat a
t r ansmi ssi on
S
f
k
625 s
f
k+1
f
k+2
f
k+3
f
k+4
f
k+3
f
k+4
f
k
f
k
f
k+5
f
k+5
f
k+1
f
k+6
f
k+6
f
k+6
M M M M
M
M M
M M
t
t
t
S S
S S
S
22
Baseband
Pi conet / channel def i ni t i on
Low -l evel packet def i ni t i on
Access code
Channel , devi ce access, e.g., der i ved f r om mast er
Packet header
1/ 3-FEC, act i ve member addr ess (br oadcast + 7 sl aves),
l i nk t ype, al t er nat i ng bi t ARQ/ SEQ, checksum
16 M arch, 2012 24
Baseband
Addr essi ng
Bluet oot h device address (BD_ADDR)
48 bi t IEEE M AC addr ess
Act ive M ember address (AM _ADDR)
3 bi t s act i ve sl ave addr ess
al l zer o br oadcast addr ess
Parked M ember address (PM _ADDR)
8 bi t par ked sl ave addr ess
Thi s M AC addr ess i s spl i t i nt o t hr ee par t s
The Non-signif icant Address Part (NAP)
Used f or encr ypt i on seed
The Upper Address part (UAP)
Used f or er r or cor r ect i on seed i ni t i al i zat i on & FH sequence generat i on
The Low er Address Part (LAP)
Used f or FH sequence generat i on
Baseband
access code packet header payl oad
68(72) 54 0-2745 bi t s
AM addr ess t ype f l ow ARQN SEQN HEC
3 4 1 1 1 8 bi t s
pr eambl e sync. (t rai l er )
4 64 (4)
25
Li nk M anager Pr ot ocol
Aut hent i cat i on,Pai r i ng and Encr ypt i on
Synchr oni zat i on
Capabi l i t y Negot i at i on
QoS Negot i at i on
Power Cont r ol
Li nk Super vi si on
St at e and Transmi ssi on mode change
Baseband st at es of a Bl uet oot h devi ce
st andby
i nqui r y page
connect ed
AM A
t ransmi t
AM A
par k
PM A
hol d
AM A
sni f f
AM A
unconnect ed
connect i ng
act i ve
l ow power
St andby: do not hi ng
Inqui r e: sear ch f or ot her devi ces
Page: connect t o a speci f i c devi ce
Connect ed: par t i ci pat e i n a pi conet
det ach
Par k: r el ease AM A, get PM A
Sni f f : l i st en per i odi cal l y, not each sl ot
Hol d: st op ACL, SCO st i l l possi bl e, possi bl y
par t i ci pat e i n anot her pi conet
27
L2CAP - Logi cal Li nk Cont r ol and
Adapt at i on Pr ot ocol
Si mpl e dat a l i nk pr ot ocol on t op of baseband
Connect i on or i ent ed, connect i onl ess, and si gnal l i ng channel s
Pr ot ocol mul t i pl exi ng
RFCOM M , SDP, t el ephony cont r ol
Segment at i on & r eassembl y
Up t o 64kbyt e user dat a, 16 bi t CRC used f r om baseband
QoS f l ow speci f i cat i on per channel
Fol l ows RFC 1363, speci f i es del ay, j i t t er, bur st s, bandwi dt h
Gr oup abst ract i on
Cr eat e/ cl ose gr oup, add/ r emove member
28
L2CAP l ogi cal channel s
baseband
L2CAP
baseband
L2CAP
baseband
L2CAP
Sl ave
Sl ave M ast er
ACL
2 d 1 d d 1 1 d 2 1
si gnal l i ng connect i onl ess connect i on-or i ent ed
d d d
29
L2CAP packet f or mat s
l engt h
2 byt es
CID=2
2
PSM
2
payl oad
0-65533
l engt h
2 byt es
CID
2
payl oad
0-65535
l engt h
2 byt es
CID=1
2
One or mor e commands
Connect i onl ess PDU
Connect i on-or i ent ed PDU
Si gnal l i ng command PDU
code ID l engt h dat a
1 1 2 0
30
Secur i t y
E
3
E
2
l i nk key (128 bi t )
encr ypt i on key (128 bi t )
payl oad key
Keyst r eam generat or
Dat a Dat a
Ci pher dat a
Aut hent i cat i on key
generat i on(possi bl y
per manent st orage)
Encr ypt i on key
generat i on
(t emporar y st orage)
PIN (1-16 byt e)
User i nput i ni t i al i zat i on)
Pai r i ng
Aut hent i cat i on
Encr ypt i on
Ci pher i ng
E
3
E
2
l i nk key (128 bi t )
encr ypt i on key (128 bi t )
payl oad key
Keyst r eam generat or
PIN (1-16 byt e)
31
SDP Ser vi ce Di scover y Pr ot ocol
Inqui r y/ r esponse prot ocol f or di scover i ng ser vi ces
Sear chi ng f or and br owsi ng ser vi ces i n radi o pr oxi mi t y
Adapt ed t o t he hi ghl y dynami c envi r onment
Can be compl ement ed by ot hers l i ke SLP, Ji ni , Sal ut at i on,
Def i nes di scover y onl y, not t he usage of ser vi ces
Cachi ng of di scover ed ser vi ces
Gradual di scover y
Ser vi ce r ecor d f or mat
Inf or mat i on about ser vi ces pr ovi ded by at t r i but es
At t r i but es ar e composed of an 16 bi t ID (name) and a val ue
val ues may be der i ved f r om 128 bi t Uni versal l y Uni que
Ident i f i ers (UUID)
32
Addi t i onal pr ot ocol s t o suppor t l egacy
pr ot ocol s/ apps.
RFCOM M
Emul at i on of a ser i al por t (suppor t s a l ar ge base of l egacy appl i cat i ons)
Al l ows mul t i pl e por t s over a si ngl e physi cal channel
Tel ephony Cont r ol Pr ot ocol Speci f i cat i on (TCS)
Cal l cont r ol (set up, r el ease)
Gr oup management
OBEX
Exchange of obj ect s, Ir DA r epl acement
WAP
Int eract i ng wi t h appl i cat i ons on cel l ul ar phones
33
Pr of i l es
Repr esent def aul t sol ut i ons f or a cer t ai n usage model
Ver t i cal sl i ce t hr ough t he pr ot ocol st ack
Basi s f or i nt er oper abi l i t y
Gener i c Access Pr of i l e
Ser vi ce Di scover y Appl i cat i on Pr of i l e
Cor dl ess Tel ephony Pr of i l e
Int er com Pr of i l e
Ser i al Por t Pr of i l e
Headset Pr of i l e
Di al -up Net wor ki ng Pr of i l e
Fax Pr of i l e
LAN Access Pr of i l e
Gener i c Obj ect Exchange Pr of i l e
Obj ect Push Pr of i l e
Fi l e Transf er Pr of i l e
Synchr oni zat i on Pr of i l e
Addit ional Prof iles
Advanced Audi o Di st r i but i on
PAN
Audi o Vi deo Remot e Cont r ol
Basi c Pr i nt i ng
Basi c Imagi ng
Ext ended Ser vi ce Di scover y
Gener i c Audi o Vi deo Di st r i but i on
Hands Fr ee
Har dcopy Cabl e Repl acement
Prof i l es
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
Appl i cat i ons
34
16 M arch, 2012 35
Summar y
A new gl obal st andar d f or dat a and voi ce
El i mi nat e Cabl es
Low Power, Low r ange, Low Cost net wor k devi ces
Fut ur e Impr ovement s
M ast er -Sl ave r el at i onshi p can be adj ust ed dynami cal l y
f or opt i mal r esour ce al l ocat i on and ut i l i zat i on.
Adapt i ve, cl osed l oop t r ansmi t power cont r ol can be
i mpl ement ed t o f ur t her r educe unnecessar y power
usage.