The Research of External Buoy Wave Permanent

Magnet Linear Generator's Design

Baodong Bai , Jin Lu, Bing Xu
Special Motor and High Voltage Apparatus Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of
Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
e-mail:lujin19850428@sina.com
Abstract: The purpose of this design is to make waves can
be converted to electrical energy, and a new wave permanent
magnet linear generator is proposed. The new designed
permanent magnet linear generator moves with the waves up
and down, by changing the loop with the reluctance to
change the size of the magnetic flux coupled windings, which
will have a generator winding EMF. The buoy structure uses
the holistic design that the mover is wrapped by the
buoy.The structural design of the generator is ANSOFT and
ANSYS finite element analysis which analysis the generator
magnetic field and no-load induced electromotive force.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increasing exhaustion of fossil energy around the
world and taking into account such issues as environmental
protection, development and utilization of new energy to solve
the world energy problem has become an inevitable trend. Wave
power, is one of the most clean, inexhaustible renewable energy.
Bank of China is located in the Pacific Ocean, coastal reserves is
extremely rich, as long as the bay where there is an appropriate
amount oftidal power stations have established conditions.
This paper presents a wave linear permanent magnet
generator which can make wave energy converted to electrical
energy.According to the nature of the waves and the
characteristics of long time work in the sea environment, design
a new wave permanent magnet linear generator which can make
ocean wave energy directly converted to electrical energy, and
improve the traditional wave generator in the overall structure.
Proposed generator structure,using electromagnetic finite
element analysis of magnetic field analysis the generator and
designed device buoy structure.
II. GENERATOR STRUCTURE
In this paper, the winding and the permanent magnet are both
placed on the mover of the generator, and the stator can be
slotted silicon steel sheet, or it can inject aluminum or
semiconductor material in order to strengthen and increase the
change in flux during the mechanical movement ofthe generator.
Cut open along the generator axis and Figure. 1shows the finite
element simulation model, in order to reduce magnetic flux
leakage make the mover core be irregular semi-circular, and
further increase the rate of change of the magnetic flux, the
shape of the stator teeth are designed to be Half Dome. The size
parameters ofthe wave generator is shown in table (1)
Compared with traditional generators this design has the
advantage of reducing the use of permanent magnet and the
winding number that reduce the cost of the generator.
About sided linear generator, between the primary and
secondary there is large normal component of electromagnetic
force.In order to offset the normal component, put the four flat
sided linear generators on the side close together to form a
unique permanent magnetic linear generator. As shown that in
figure (2) shows the overall structure of the wave generator. In
addition, the permanent magnet pole Nand S pole arranged
alternately ,and we use NdFeB permanent magnet materials.
NdFeB permanent magnet materials is the highest performance
and cheap in the current.
Figure .1. Wave generator two-dimensional profile
TABLE I
THE SIZE PARAMETERS OF THE WAVE GENERATOR
Name Value Units
Length of permanent magnet
magnetization direction
8 mm
Width of permanent magnet 15 mm
Axial length ofpermanent
40 mm
magnet
Permanent magnet type NTP-264H
Pole pairs 36
Length 0 f stator 3210 mm
Length of mover 1452 mm
Width of air gap 0.56 mm
Width of slots 10 mm
Depth of slots 7 mm
Number of slots 160
Width oftooth 10 mm
Figure .2. The overall structure of the wave generator
III. EMF SOLUTION
The generator design is the principle of power: the difference
between the teeth and slot reluctance in magnetic circuit caused
the different magnetic flux through the teeth and slots, and the
generator windings which is coup led to the change magnetic flux
will produce EMF. Reluctance in locations of each two adjacent
alveolar changing make the magnetic flux through the coils
change periodically, so in the coils there is induced potential
which changes periodically.According to the structural
characteristics of the generator, when induced voltage is in the
solution, we can use two-dimensional electromagnetic field
analysis to solve . Analysis with the analysis of electromagnetic
field analysis software ANSYS.Figure.3, when the stator and the
mover teeth are being, the majority of flux at this time through,
and when the stator teeth and mover slots are being, the majority
of flux at this time does not pass.According to Kirchhoff's
second law of magnetic circuit (1) magnetic drop is equal to each
magnetic circuit, and in the process of generator working
reluctance in the circuit of two adjacent locations change, which
will cause the corresponding magnetic flux change (2).
y F == <I>R
m
(1)
== FAm (2)
According to the changes in magnetic flux flux linkage If/i
through a coil in this position can be calculated, then this
position a stator tooth flux is as NIf/i where N is winding turns.
Change the position of mover to make displacement flux
changes condition through a mover pole in different stator
positions can be calculated.When is small enough we can
regard that:
e(i) == / / == / (3)
Where the If/i == If/i+l -If/i is that the total flux difference
of stator teeth when the mover in the two adjacent position are
the total flux ofthe poor.
Figure .3. Generator magnetic circuit
IV. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF
WAVE GENERATORS
A. Establish the motion model
Wave movement is affected by climate, topography and other
factors, that it is irregular movement.Based on our coastal areas
wave characteristics, in order to facilitate research, make the
ideal wave be simulated as vertical reciprocating motion, and the
kinetic energy spread in the form of sine wave. The generator is
for the wave height 1m, angular velocity 2.8rad / s waves in the
design, and make the wave displacemen S == 0.5*sin(2.8t) ,speed
V == 1.4 *cos(2.8t) as the movement model of the fmite element
analysis.
According to the characteristics that the new permanent
magnet linear generator is a four-sided type and the need for
practical calculation, it needs to make certain premises: 1) ignore
the linear generator's edges at effect; 2) along the direction ofthe
laminated core the magnetic field is same; 3) ignore the
influence which electrical resistance in the mover winding
magnetic fields produce; 4) mover core has smooth surface
B. Results Analysis
Through the above description of the permanent magnet
linear generator with ANSOFT we make a simulation operation,
and calculate that the parameters of the electromagnetic
generator have reached the requirements.As shown in Figure .4
that the generator magnetic field distribution, when the mover is
in reciprocating movement,the magnetic flux in the stator of
cross-linking will change with the mover position,.The motion of
the mover can be seen as cosine, so the induced EMF is also
similar to the cosine wave, as shown in Figure .5 that the
reaction force. It is the most basic and most important electrical
parameters and it has a direct impact on the magnetic pull of the
generator,rated current and other performance indicators, so
accurately calculating EMF waveform of the generator is the
basic ofgenerator design and performance analysis.
Figure .4. Magnetic flux density distribution
Figure .5. EMF waveform response
The amplitude can be obtained for 1160V.
V. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF
WAVE GENERATORS
A. Integral structure
Structure designed to buoy in this paper set in space with the
previous wave permanent magnet generator buoy set differ. The
traditional wave buoy and the generator is a separate structure,
that the buoy float in the sea and the the generator is in the air
above sea level. The overall structure of this linear generator is
that the mover is wrapped in a buoy and the mover moves with
the buoys up and down. Because the design of generator is that
permanent magnet and coils are both placed on the mover, this
design has the advantage of reducing the corrosion of seawater
and extending the useful life of the generator. This paper shapes
the buoy design for the ball that can make buoy's volume and
quality calculated easily,and the bottom of the buoy can have a
large buoyancy.
The overall structure of the generator and buoy as shown in
Figure.6
Figure .7. Tangential component of the electromagnetic force
B. Buoy force analysis
When the wave generator is running, the buoy moves with
the waves as longitudinal reciprocating motion.And it mainly
affected by the three power: the buoyancy in seawater in, buoys'
own gravity, and the generator's electromagnetic force. And
buoys' own gravity includes generator's gravity and outer buoy's
gravity. So the buoy's resultant force is "LF as:
"LF == Fbuoyancy - G - F:lectromagnetic force (4)
Requirements is that when "LF ~ o,the buoy can move with
the waves as longitudinal reciprocating motion.
Through the analysis of the electromagnetic field analysis
software ansoft which calculated out electromagnetic force's
tangential component electromagnetic force of the wave
generator as shown in figure.7 .
VI. THE WAVE GENERATOR'S POWER POST-PROCESSING
Because the EMF generated by the generator is irregular
cosine wave, and wave speed and frequency are constantly
changing, the Induction voltage of the linear wave power
generator can not be directly used for practical applications, so it
needs to design a external circuit to make postprocessing to
rectify , filter and make it contravariant that the generator's
output power can be put into use.
The wave generator designed in this paper is be composed of
each unit of four unilateral flat linear generators which are by
place of face to face, so it is preliminary designed that rectify and
filter each generator's EMF , then add them, and finally make it
contravariant.The whole post-processing circuit is shown in
figure .8.
In
Figure .8. The wave generator's electric power post-processing circuit
-w,- Li::b----
Diede
I 1 1
Figure .9 shows the rectifier filter circuit of each subsystem.
We can see the peak of the downward electromagnetic force
is 44 kN
In this paper the materials of the wave permanent magnet
linear generator are that: permanent magnet's model number is
NTP-264 H, siliconized plate' model number is DW360-50, the
copper wire line diameter is 1.06 mm and insulation paint film
thickness is 0.08 mm Through calculating all parts of the body
quality of the wave generator that the overall quality of the wave
generator is 74396.225592 kg, so gravity is 729083.0108016 N.
In this paper the design of the buoy is a 0.2 m wall thickness
sphere.The material of the buoy is high molecular weight high
density polyethylene (HMWHDPE),and its characteristic which
is resistant to stress cracking, the impact strength , the tensile
strength ,rigidness, abrasion resistance and chemical stability are
all very good,so it can be used for a long time in bad
environment Its material density is 9 5 0 kg / m 3 Consider
. p ==1030kg/m
3
the density of seawater seawater .When the whole
buoy dip into the sea that the buoyancy is biggest, so there is the
following equations:
R >G +F +G
buoyancy generator electromagnetic force buoy
(5)
Figure .7. Tangential component of the electromagnetic force
Calculation process as follows :
4 /3 Z905083.0108016N -lj) /3
-lin==0.2m
103Or;ut +9.6lin 2::22058.773
The buoy's inner radius can calculate between 2.76 m and
2.77. In this paper, consider the inner radius of2.8 m, the outer
radius of 3m.
Figure .9. Single wave generator's rectification filter circuit
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper introduces the design of permanent magnet linear
generator which can directly convert wave energy into electrical
energy, that reduce the energy transfer link and improve the
wave power efficiency.In this paper, analysis the linear
generator's electromagnetic fields and linear generator's internal
field by fmite element analysis,and draw the magnetic line of
force of linear generator with ansys software. Use software
ansoft to calculate the reaction EMF oscillogram and
electromagnetic force oscillogram. Design of the structure and
size of generator's buoy, and preliminary design power the post-
processing circuit of the linear generator. The whole work is in
order to the combined to the grid of the wave generator.
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