1
Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume IV
EECTRICAL MACHINES
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
(2012 academic year)
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
M.Sc. (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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Foreword
This is a compilation of some exam questions that I gave to my students during this
academic year. They are accompanied by solutions proposed by me. I will be delight
if this book can be of any use for you. I will also be very happy to receive any critic or
suggestion from you. I dedicate this book to my students of Class 6, Electrical
Technology, GTHS Kumbo, 2012 batch. They are a bit stubborn, but I like to teach
them. May you be blessed as you are using this book.
NGOUNE Jean-Paul.
17 May 2012.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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Acknowledgement
Most of the questions treated in this book are Probatoire Technique past questions
proposed by the Cameroon General Certificate of Education Board (GCEB) and the
Office du Baccalaureat du Cameroun (OBC).
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume IV
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
FIRST SEQUENCE EXAM WITH SOLUTION
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
M.Sc. (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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I TECHNOLOGY
1. Define electrical generator.
2. Give two functions of yoke in DC machines.
3. What is the role of the commutator in DC generators?
4. Explain why the armature of electrical machines is made up of substances
having low hysteresis coefficient.
5. How can the strength of the magnetic field of an electromagnet be increased?
6. Cite the three main types of magnetic materials and give one example of each
of them.
7. Why are the armature core and the pole cores of a dc machine made up of
laminated steel?
II ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
Exercise 1: Shunt generator.
An asynchronous three phase motor drives a shunt generator which supplies in full
load a current of 40A under 320V. The useful power of the driving motor is equal to
20.614 kW at full load. Its armature resistance is 1.25 and its field resistance is
200 . Determine:
1. The useful power of the generator.
2. The current in the field circuit and in the armature.
3. The emf of the generator.
Exercise 2: Long shunt compound DC generator.
A 60kW long shunt compound wound dc generator delivers a rated current of 150A
at its rated voltage. Calculate:
1. The rated voltage.
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace Work Fatherland
= =
C
B
A
x r1
r2 Rt Xm V(t)
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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( )
| |O = + =
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
o
AB
AB
j Z
j j j
j
j
j
j
Z
03 . 83 18 . 109 38 . 108 24 . 13
8221
108900 891000
121 8100
11 90 9900
11 90
9900
110 900
110 900
- Branch AC:
( )
| |
o
AC
AC
j Z
jx r r Z
91 . 6 86 . 49 6 5 . 49
2 1
= + =
+ + =
2. Total impedance of the circuit:
( )( )
( ) ( )
| | | | | |
| |
| | O + = =
=
+
=
+
= =
j Z
j Z Z
Z Z
Z Z Z
o
T
o
o o o
AC AB
AC AB
AC AB T
03 . 20 60 . 36 69 . 28 73 . 41
25 . 61 45 . 130
91 . 89 71 . 5443
38 . 114 74 . 62
91 . 6 56 . 49 03 . 83 18 . 109
3. Total current consumed by the circuit:
| |
| |
| |A
Z
V
I
o
o
o
T
69 . 28 51 . 5
69 . 28 73 . 41
0 230
= = =
4. Active and reactive power consumed by the circuit:
Z
T
= R + jX
= =
= =
sin
cos
2
2
VI XI Q
VI RI P
Where is the power factor of the circuit.
Var XI Q
W RI P
11 . 608 51 . 5 03 . 20
17 . 1111 51 . 5 6 . 36
2 2
2 2
= = =
= = =
We can still proceed as follows:
( )
( ) Var VI Q
W VI P
39 . 608 69 . 28 cos 51 . 5 230 sin
71 . 1111 69 . 28 cos 51 . 5 230 cos
= = =
= = =
= = u =
K
RaIa U
N RaIa U N K E
b
, so when the armature current (and
consequently the field flux) is small, the speed N increases. This is why it is
forbidden to start DC series motor at no load.
2. Magnetic material used for magnetic circuit:
Machine Magnetic material
Transformer Silicon steel
DC machine stator Cast iron
Permanent magnet DC motor Cast iron, ALNICO (Aluminium, Nickel,
Cobalt)
3. The role of isotherme is to regulate the temperature of motor coils to a
constant value.
4. The excitation resistance permits to regulate the field current flowing in the
field coil of the machine, and therefore to regulate the field flux of the machine.
5. The role of the auxiliary commutation poles (interpoles) is to improve on the
commutation by combating the emf of commutation induced when a section is
crossing the neutral line.
6. Difference between squirrel cage motor and asynchronous wound winding
motor:
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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Wound winding rotor Squirrel cage rotor
Higher starting current Moderate starting current because of
starting rheostat.
We can get access to rotor windings
through slip rings
Rotor conductors are not accessible
Permits smooth starting Can be directly started
7. The test that permits to determine iron and friction losses is the no load test.
PART TWO: ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
Exercise 1: Shunt generator
Data: N = 1000rpm; 2
2
4
= = p ; U = 220V; Z = 72x8 = 576; lap connection;
Rsh = 75 ; shunt generator.
1. Test procedure for the plotting of open circuit characteristics.
The connection of the DC generators for the determination of the open circuit
characteristics is as follows.
A
V G
If
0A
E
+
-
Rh
The field current I
f
is varied rheostatically and its value measured by an ammeter.
The speed si kept constant and the generated emf in the load is measured by the
voltmeter V. The corresponding values are recorded and the graph of E = f(If) is
plotted.
2. Plot of the curve.
The curve is sketched on the page below (the curve normally should be plotted son a
graph paper.
Scale: 1A = 1cm (abscissa) 10V = 1cm (ordinate)
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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260
1 2 3 4 5
If (A)
E(V)
0
S T
6 7
R
A
150
10
a) To know the value of the emf induced due to the residual magnetism, we just
have to project the curve back ward to cut the ordinate axis (point A). We
obtain E
0
= 10V
b) The emf for a field resistance of 75
To know the maximum emf the generator will generate on normal operation, we
should draw the shunt resistance line.
To draw the shunt resistance line, take any value of If (for example, let us take 2A),
multiply this value by the shunt resistance Rsh = 75 . Mark the corresponding point
on the ordinate axis. Let that point be R. 75x2 = 150V, hence, R(2A, 150V).
Draw the line joining the origin O and the point R, it cuts the open circuit
characteristics at the point S.
Draw a horizontal line from S to T. OT gives the maximum emf generated with 75
as shunt resistance.
From the curve we can read: OT = E =210V (almost)
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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3. Useful flux per pole.
A
p ZN
E
2
60
u
= ; Lap winding A p = 2
Hence,
mWb
ZN
E ZN
E
875 . 21
1000 576
210 60
60
60
=
= u
= u
u
=
4. Residual flux.
mWb V E E 04 . 1 10
0
= u = = .
Exercise 2: Series motor
The stator of the Peugeot 504 is a series motor having the following characteristics:
I = 200A; U = 12V; N = 1000rpm; Pu = 1500W; Pc= 100W.
Ra
Eb
Rs
U
a) Power absorbed by the starter.
W UI P 2400 200 12 = = =
b) Efficiency.
% 5 . 62
2400
1500
= = =
P
Pu
c) Useful torque.
m N
N
Pu
T T
N
nT Pu . 33 . 14
1000 14 . 3 2
1500 60
2
60
60
2
2 =
= = = =
d) Joule losses.
Let us first draw the power stages chart.
Pin
Pj
Pm
Pc
Po = Pu
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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From the chart, we have:
( ) ( ) W Po Pc Pin Pm Pin Pj 800 100 1500 2400 = + = + = =
e) Total resistance (armature + field)
O = = = + + = 02 . 0
200
800
) (
2 2
2
I
Pj
Ra Rs I Rs Ra Pj
f) Bock emf.
( ) ( ) V I Rs Ra U E I Ra Rs E U
b b
8 200 02 . 0 12 = = + = + + =
g) Direct starting current.
At starting, Eb = 0, hence,
( )
A
Rs Ra
U
I
st
600
02 . 0
12
= =
+
=
h) Value of the resistance to be connected in series with the motor to limit the
starting current to 240A.
Eb
Ra
Rst Rs
U
With Eb = 0 at starting, we have:
( )
( ) O = = + =
+ +
= 03 . 0 02 . 0
240
12 0
Rs Ra
I
U
Rst
Rst Rs Ra
U
I
st
st
.
Exercise 3: Three phase asynchronous motor.
Data: Stator Delta connected; U = 380V; R = 0.4 ; Ns = 1500rpm; Po = 1150W;
Io = 3.2A; Pmec = 510W (friction +windage); g = 4%; Pa = 18.1kW; I = 32A.
1. For the no load test:
a) Stator copper losses
W RI
I
R RI Pjs
p
096 . 4 2 . 3 4 . 0
3
3 3
2 2
0
2
0 2
= = = |
.
|
\
|
= =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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b) Stator iron losses.
The power consumed by the motor during the no load test is equivalent to the sum of
iron losses, mechanical losses (windage + friction) and stator copper losses; hence
we have:
( ) ( ) W Pjs Pmec Po Pi Pjs Pmec Pi Po 904 . 635 096 . 4 510 1150 = + = + = + + =
2. For nominal load test:
a) Power factor.
8593 . 0
2 32 380
18100
3
cos cos 3 =
= = u u =
UI
Pa
UI Pa
b) Speed of rotation.
( ) ( ) rpm g Ns Nr
Ns
Nr Ns
g 1440 04 . 0 1 1500 1 = = =
=
c) Frequency of rotor current.
Hz f g fr 2 50 04 . 0 . = = =
d) Stator copper losses
W RI
I
R Pjs 6 . 409 32 4 . 0
3
3
2 2
2
= = = |
.
|
\
|
=
The following formula can also be used.
W
Io
I
Pjso Pjs 6 . 409
2 . 3
32
096 . 4
2 2
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
e) Rotor copper losses
The power stage chart for the asynchronous motor can be drawn as follows:
Pin
Pi
Pjs
Pinr
Pjr Pmec
Pm
Po
( ) W Pjs Pi Pa g Pinr g Pjr 18 . 682 904 . 635 6 . 409 18100 04 . 0 ) ( . = = = =
f) Useful power.
W Pmec g Pinr Pmec Pjr Pinr Po 316 . 15862 510 ) 04 . 0 1 ( 496 . 17054 ) 1 ( = = = =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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g) Efficiency of the motor.
% 63 . 87 8763 . 0
18100
316 . 15862
= = = =
Pa
Po
h) Useful torque
m N
N
Po
T T
N
NT Po . 24 . 105
1440 28 . 6
316 . 15862 60
2
60
60
2
2 =
= = = =
END
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
NGOUNE Jean-Paul was born in Forek-Dschang,
Republic of Cameroon in 1984. He is a holder of a
Master Degree in electrical engineering, obtained in
2010 in the Doctorate School of the University of Douala
(UFD-PSI). He is also a holder of a DIPET II and a
DIPET I respectively obtained in 2009 and 2007 in the
Advanced Teacher Training College for Technical
Education (ENSET de Douala).
He is currently a permanent teacher of Electrical
Engineering at the Government Technical High School
of Kumbo, North-West region, Cameroon. His domain of
research concerns the improvement of energy
conversion techniques for an efficient generation of
electrical energy from renewable sources (especially
wind and solar energy, small and medium scale
hydropower) and digital designing using FPDs.
The author is looking for a Ph.D program in his domain
of research (he has not yet found it). Any suggestion for
this issue will be warmly welcome.
NGOUNE Jean-Paul, M.Sc., PLET.
P.O. Box: 102 NSO, Kumbo, Cameroon.
Phone: (+237) 7506 2458.
Email : jngoune@yahoo.fr
Web site: www.scribd.com/jngoune