Subject. Communication Skills Topic.

Personal communication in the light of

communication theorists and what are strengths, weaknesses and suggestions of it. the

Submitted To. Arshad Mehmood Submitted By. Wajahat Ali Ghulam Roll No. Session. 01 2010-14 Class. BBA 3rd (Morning)

FASK Faculty of Administrative Sciences Kotli (A.K)

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University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Department of Business Administration.

This assignment entrusted by my respectable teacher, comprises of multiple question to which I required to give appropriate answers. And I have tried my best to make this piece of paper more comprehensive and comprehendible. In this assignment I have discussed all the expected points of Personal communication and its multiples; it provided me a lot of knowledge about the topic, that where it is applied or not. I am also thankful to Sir, Arshad Mehmood that He assigned me such type of knowledgeable stuff.

Primarily, bow my head before Almighty Allah who given me wisdom and an opportunity to undertake this exploring work. Also to my parents whose prayers always do a miracle for me, Grateful acknowledgement is made to all those who conceptualized, helped, trained and guided and made me able to compile this assignment. Infect I was not able to complete this task, there are lot of guidelines that are given by my Honorable Teacher as well as my Parents, their devotion to me , make me able to complete this task. I am also thankful to my teacher for her guidance and cooperation.

INTRODUCTION Communications skills considered to be the backbone of todays business whether they are marketing related or other. Communication skills must be developed between the every department of businesses. Personal communication is very important to gain or loss one willingness. So, a personal communication plays very vital role in every field of life. First of all I want to discuss that what Communication itself is. COMMUNICATION: DEFINITION Communication, the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others in a particular time and place. Communication includes writing and talking, as well as nonverbal communication (such as facial expressions, body language, or gestures), visual communication (the use of images or pictures, such as painting, photography, video, or film), and electronic communication (telephone calls, electronic mail, cable television, or satellite broadcasts). Communication is a vital part of personal life and is also important in business, education, and any other situation where people encounter each other. What is interpersonal communication skill? Interpersonal communication is typically defined as communication between a few (approximately 2-5) people. It is often referred to as a transactional process, which means that the communicators act as both senders and receivers of messages. Interpersonal communication (IPC) has been defined many ways. Some scholars define IPC based on the situation and number of participants involved (e.g., Miller, 1978). Using Millers definition, IPC Interpersonal communication (IPC) has been defined many ways. Some scholars define IPC based on the situation and number of participants involved (e.g., Miller, 1978). Using Millers definition, IPC occurs between two individuals when they are close in proximity, able to provide immediate feedback and utilize multiple senses. I also have interpersonal communication when I am with my friends, in meeting. I always try my best to concentrate on my words that what I am saying while seeing my friends. Definitely there are many mistakes that I
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commit while in experience with friends and other relationships. And also there are strengths and weaknesses as well. Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages through e.g. gesture, body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact, object communication such as clothing, hairstyles, architecture, symbols. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage. These include voice quality, emotion and speaking style features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotional expressions in pictorial form. I also use non verbal communication up to much extent when it is needed during my presentations as well as other meetings. I think by using non verbal communication I can get instant response from whom I want to get. Oral communication Oral communication includes discussion, speeches, presentations, interpersonal communication and many other varieties. In face to face communication the body language and voice tonality plays a significant role and may have a greater impact on the listener than the intended content of the spoken words. My personal important skills for Personal Communication Within the domain for communication and interpersonal skills, all communicators must do the following. I communicate safely and effectively. I build strong relationships and take individual differences, capabilities, and needs into account. I always try to engage in, maintain, and disengage from other relationships. I also use a range of communication skills and technologies. I seldom use verbal, non-verbal, and written communication. I recognize the need for an interpreter. I address communication in diversity. I need to promote well-being. I try to maintain accurate, clear. I also respect and protect confidential information. Human communication permeates the human condition. Human communication surrounds us and is an in-built aspect of everything human beings are and do. That makes any effort to explain, predict, or to some extent control human communication a pretty big order. How does one get a handle on the totality of human communication? - Frank Dance My View

Human communication can be control by developing such habits that are suitable to the existing situation that are suitable and favorable to others. How can I improve my interpersonal communication skills? If I often feel nervous speaking, even within a small group, a public speaking course should help tremendously. After speaking in front of 20 or 30 people, speaking to just a few should seem easy. If I find myself constantly confused as to how to make the other person understand what I am saying, try starting a journal. Write in it every day, focusing on the days events and how it made me feel. I try to make it clear exactly how I am feeling and what happened so that a perfect stranger could pick up the journal and understand perfectly what it were like to me that day. By exercising my ability to put feelings and occurrences into written words, I see an improvement in my ability when speaking as well. If I never understand where the people is coming from and are constantly caught off-guard by twists in the conversation, try going to a coffee shop or other public place a couple times per week, by myself, and people-watch. Although it might sound creepy, try listening to another tables conversation. Try to figure out the relationships between the persons in the conversation, and their individual goals and motives and feelings. Once I can get a general idea of the backgrounds of complete strangers, I should feel more aware of the motivations and thoughts of the people that I communicate with every day. Major Theories in Communication o Mechanistic Theory o Psychological Theory o Social Constructionist Theory o Systemic Theory o Critical Theory Mechanistic Theory This view considers communication as a perfect transaction of a message from the sender to the receiver I also try my best to deliver my message towards receiver in correct and predefined way that there should no ambiguity in my delivered message usually it is successful. Definitely there are so may mistakes at first time, but later it never happens. Psychological Theory

This view considers communication as the act of sending a message to a receiver, and the feelings and thoughts of the receiver upon interpreting the message I always send the message or while addressing to listener, I always express my feelings as well as emotions, I also keep the psycho of the receiver in my mind. Social Constructionist Theory (Symbolic Interactions): This view considers communication to be the product of the interactants sharing and creating meaning I communicate with others with polite and understood words with others, and not heavy words. I also try to create the spirit of sharing and mutual between me and other through my polite words. Systemic Theory This view considers communication to be the new messages created via through-put, or what happens as the message is being interpreted and re-interpreted as it travels through people When I send message or address to the persons I always keep in mind that my message words should be appropriate and acceptable by the people because they will be interpreted again and again. So I always select the appropriate words for delivering the message. Critical Theory This view considers communication as a source of power and oppression of individuals and social groups I always communicate with others in a systematic way either addressing or sending message to individuals or social groups. Arrow Theory - Introduction I communicate by memos because I know Ive communicated. Then I know I did my job!!! When ever it is said to me to communicate through memos or in written communication I always try to communicate with others in incredible form and precisely put my thoughts into words. I also speak with credibility. My talk forces put action in front of others. Circuit Theory - Introduction Networking, going with the flow, making connections I also Emphases on Feedback over response and hold Relationship over content I just want everyone to get along

Whenever is said to be within organization I communicate to I always try to actively listen to employees in order to make them happy. POLITENESS THEORY Presents an explanation and specific predictions about what individuals do when others behave in ways that contradict their assumptions, particularly assumptions and preferences for personal space. In a somewhat related vein, politeness theory explains how and why individuals try to promote, protect, or save face, especially when embarrassing or shameful situations arise unexpectedly. Developed by Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987), politeness theory (PT) clarifies how we manage our own and others identities through interaction, in particular, through the use of politeness strategies. Building on Goff mans (1967) notion of identity and face work, Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) determined when, why, and how interpersonal interaction is constructed through (or in the absence of) politeness When is said to be address a group of people or is said to speech in front of many people, people usually pass comment through feedback or also at the moment. These comment often will be in my favor but it didnt same always, when I face the situation in which I face critical situation or confused behavior, I always try to hold the situation in appropriate and systematic way that I reflect polite and calm behavior in front of the people. When I first time gave presentation to my class, my strengths, weaknesses, suggestions Not long ago I received a order from the Sir of my class asking me to address class as well as other administrative personalities to give them presentation of assigned topic .I was in a bind because it was astonishing and first experience for me . And I decided to ask some seniors who learnt about the communication skills because they knew and had strong opinions about student-staff relationships. My mind whirled with thoughts on ways to approach the audience. A jumble of ideas flooded up as to the best way to capture their interest, win a sympathetic hearing, and sell them on close friendships with students. As soon as I consulted my seniors as well as my sir they gave me some tips and also incentives to address the people. I began to sort through internet to access the data and some other related stuff. Due to knowing about communication skills I delivered my presentation in efficient and affective manner that whole hall gave applause to my presentation Definitely there were many mistakes that I commit, in front of many people but my confidence boosted up greatly. Communication Accommodation Theory

When we talk with other people, we will tend to subconsciously change our style of speech (accent, rate, types of words, etc). We also use non verbal communication to communicate with affectively Howard Giles and Susan C.Baker. It is a natural phenomenon that ever person wants to look different and sympathetic in front of other people so, I also try to looking good in my words as well as in non verbal communication such as eye contact, gestures, postures, etc. Definitely there are so many mistakes come in the way while I trying to look decent or tend to match with their natural behavior but it is difficult to gain someone response towards me. I also copy the other persons good communication skills but not so much that my sound likes a mimic. Uncertainty Reduction Theory When people interact and communicate they try their best to reduce the uncertainty about the other persons, seeking or getting their behavior. This is true or occurred this situation when they meet for time and dont know much each other Berger and Calabrese I communicate to other person and copy the good thing and also copy the good attitudes between them. But I follow some strict rule while communicating to a person or group of peoples. I get familiar with others if they are suitable for me. Defining communication Cognitive Dissonance Theory Cognitive Dissonance Theory argues that the experience of dissonance (or incompatible beliefs and actions) is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid it. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance. People will avoid hearing views that oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions and seek reassurance after making a difficult decision. According to this theory people not see others feelings and say always their own or express them, but I always try my best to see others feelings and then I give my own words ort comment. A man is who sees others feelings due human beings I always be calm and be patient while seeing other feelings and hearing their statements. Obviously there are mistakes are also. Expectancy Violations Theory Expectancy Violation Theory examines how nonverbal messages are structured. The theory advances that when communicative norms are violated, the violation may be perceived either favorably or unfavorably, depending on the perception that the receiver has of the violator. Violating

anothers expectations may be a strategy used over that of conforming to anothers expectations. I ever communicate with others, keeping in mind that there should be no violation of social and humanity norms. And behave with to all in a systematic and polite way. But some time it is in adverse side, that people will give bad statements with my attitude but it never happens all the time because I never do it again. Face-Negotiation Theory Face-Negotiation Theory is concerned with how people in individualistic and collectivistic cultures negotiate face in conflict situations. The theory is based on face management, which describes how people from different cultures manage conflict negotiation in order to maintain face. Self-face and other-face concerns explain the conflict negotiation between people from various cultures. Whenever I communicate with other person I always talk according the desire and their facial expression, but I communicate my findings to them according to their present expressions. RelationalDialectics Relational Dialectics suggests that relational life is always in process. People in relationships continually feel the pull-push of conflicting desires. Basically, people wish to have autonomy and connection, openness and protectiveness, and novelty and predictability. As people communicate in relationships, they attempt to reconcile these conflicting desires, but they never eliminate their needs for both of the opposing pairs. I communicate with every one to maintain my self in connection. Relationships are needed for the continuity of life and as well as human beings. There are also mistakes such as conflicts due to harsh words but I try to communicate with them in domain. TheRhetoric Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. That is, a speaker who is interested in persuading his or her audience should consider three rhetorical proofs: logical, emotional, and ethical. Audiences are key to effective persuasion as well. Rhetorical syllogism, requiring audiences to supply missing pieces of a speech, are also used in persuasion I also persue others due to my affective words of communication , my communication basically purpose is that I communicate with them for coveying or MY PERSONALL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES I believe one of my personal strengths in communication is that I can talk to just about anyone. I enjoy talking with people. In communication,

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my strength would be that I have the ability to listen as well as respond. I enjoy having conversation with people of different cultures, because it gives me a chance to learn more about their lifestyle. I have learned to communicate well with people, because I am a student I communicate better one on one. I have a weakness with communication when it comes to having to speak to a large group of people. I become very nervous, and will sometimes forget what I wanted to say. I communicate better one on one. I have a weakness with communication when it comes to having to speak to a large group of people. I become very nervous, and will sometimes forget what I wanted to say. My weakness in communication is also when I have to speak in front of the class, or in front of a very large group of people I become nervous, because my weakness of thinking that they are more focused on me than on the information that I will be presenting. I work at that weakness by having the personal strength to try to make the presentation enjoyable so that the focus will not be so much on the speaker but the information be presented to the group. I have learned through the years that it is important to stay focused on your strengths and not your weaknesses and to realize that for the most part everybody else is probably just as nervous as I am. I have strength in the fact that I can talk about most subjects very freely. I try to communicate just the point I am trying to make and have the point understandable to those who are listening. Communication for me is easy depending on the topic being discussed. I sometimes have a weakness in the fact that I may be too honest with my answer and do not think before answering. I find that it is much easier for me to communicate, when I have knowledge of the conversation being discussed. I am very weak when it comes to starting a conversation and leading the discussion. I will avoid a conversation as much as possible when I have to present the information to be discussed. In communication, I am also weak in the area that I will choose to listen more that participate. I also have a weakness in my non-verbal communication skills. The weakness is that sometimes my body language will give a different answer than what I would have spoken. When I am using non-verbal communication as a point of contact I will point out or agree to something from just listening to the topic being discussed. I focus on my non-verbal communication skills, because I want the non-verbal to be just as understandable as the verbal. My body language must not present a different communication than intended. With non-verbal communication, I try to give more eye contact so that there is no misunderstanding of the communication intended. I find nodding your head helps in non-verbal communication, because a nod can say a lot. In my
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communication skills, I have learned that if I highlight the strengths. Then the weaknesses would not be so obvious. In having communicated with all different types of people, I once was told that if you stop and think for five seconds before you speak, your communication skills would present themselves in a most intelligent manner. Communication comes somewhat easy for me, because I like to talk, but just talking and not communicating would become a weakness. I try to always have something to communicate to other people that would be beneficial. Whether communicating verbally or non-verbally your actions will for the most part, represent how you are feeling about a particular subject or discussion. When it is possible always, try to communicate verbally and have the person you are communicating with acknowledge that they understand what you are saying. Communication, verbally or non-verbally is a very powerful tool and when you understand your strengths and weaknesses in that area you will be able to communicate much more efficiently with people. When you are communicating, with different types of people you will be able to decide if verbal or non-verbal communication would be the best approach according to their logic and the logic of the situation and surrounding environment. APPLYING COMMUNICATION THEORY FOR PROFESSIONAL LIFE Table : Factors Influencing Politeness Strategies Consideration Social distance Prediction If I have more prestige than I (with an impressive title or a great deal of money), I will be more polite; if I hold little or no prestige over others, I need not be so polite If someone has power over you (your boss, or even my auto mechanic if my car is not running), I will be more polite; if it is someone with little power over me, I need not be so polite.

Power

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Risk

If what I am going to say has a high chance of hurting someone (I am going to fire them or I am going to report that a spouse is cheating), I will be more polite; if it is not likely to hurt, I need not be so polite Weaknesses Suggestions My short-term goal to improve on this weakness is to: Believe more in my abilities. I should believe that my work is acceptable and correct. My short-term goal to improve on this weakness is to: I worry and stress over things that need to be done

Strengths

I think I will compete in the A weakness that I upcoming life moments. (or someone else) notice in me is: Insecurity

According to my views I am A weakness that I confident and ambitious. (or someone else) notice in me is: Worrisomely

According to my views I A weakness that can speak more accurately others think that I and in definite words. am little bit confuses when to talk in front of whole class including males and females. My Strengths

My short-term goal to improve on this weakness is to: I prove myself that I strongly confident while delivering presentation to class.

Compulsive, Strong follow-through, Writes well, Balanced work-life perspective, Multi-interested (e.g., work, recreational activities [e.g., curling, golf, etc.]), Ambitious Weaknesses Strong need to get things done and off my list with consequence of getting it done right away, there by undermining the benefits of more careful deliberation over time. Compulsiveness sometimes causes me to begrudge being given tasks, i.e., stress of many tasks and need to do each carefully can lead me to think unkindly about the people and/or circumstance creating the task Can be impatient, i.e., not tolerate those who do not understand (suffer fools poorly)Time pressure causes stress and can lead to emotional hijacking Do not handle multiple immediately competing demands well
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Threats Time pressure, which can derail my plan for self-improvement because it catapults me back to my usual habits The multitude of everyday demands, which conspires against selfreflection Etc. Suggestions I need to engage others in providing feedback about their experience of me; I need to receive coaching in service of improving my leadership skills I need to learn from others in similar roles to mine I need to enhance my ability to manage the need to complete task quickly in order to be able to deliberate more carefully. I need to enhance my equanimity about workrelated tasks \ References ^ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability, Article 2, Definition
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^ "communication". The office of superintendent of Public Instruction. Washington.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

^ Heyman, Richard. Why Didn't You Say That in the First Place? How to Be Understood at Work. ^ Montana, Patrick J. & Charon, Bruce H. 2008. Management. 4th ed. New York. Barron's Educational Series, Inc. Pg 333. ^ What Should Be Included in a Project Plan - Retrieved December 18th, 2009 ^ J. Scott Armstrong (1980). "Bafflegab Pays". pp. 12. http://qbox.wharton.upenn.edu/documents/mktg/research/Bafflegab %20Pays.pdf. ^ Baluska, F.; Marcuso, Stefano; Volkmann, Dieter (2006). Communication in plants: neuronal aspects of plant life. Taylor & Francis US. p. 19. ISBN 3540284758. http://books.google.com/books? id=IH9N4SKWTokC&pg=PA19&dq=plant+communication+process es+are+neuronal-like#v=onepage&q=plant%20communication %20processes%20are%20neuron-like&f=false. "...the emergence of plant neurobiology as the most recent area of plant sciences."
7. 8. 9.

^ [1]

^ Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press
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10.

http://www.afirstlook.com/edition_7/theory_list Google search answers.com ask.com

11. 12. 13.

CONCLUSION Communications skills must be developed between two are more than two business managers because their duty is to deal with their customers, their communication skills will retain the customer as well as loose the customer. Today whole world became global village, so it is necessary for the communicators to communicate with such words that create mutual understanding between them. Communication is said to affective when it achieve the desired results or response from the receiver

WAJAHAT ALI GHULAM ARAIN BBA (2010-2014) ROLL # 01 CELL # 03135592853, 03435693853

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