960 SP Physics 2012

STPM/S(E)960
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
PEPERIKSAAN SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)
PHYSICS
Syllabus and Specimen Papers
This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.
NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious, based on a belief in and devotion to God. Such effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large.
FOREWORD
This revised Physics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the new system, the form sixth study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system. The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and learning orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in colleges and universities. The revision of the Physics syllabus incorporates current developments in physics studies and syllabus design in Malaysia. The syllabus will give candidates exposure to pre-university level of Physics that includes mechanics and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, optics, and modern physics. The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, grade description and specimen papers. The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dato Dr. Mohd. Zambri bin Zainuddin from Universiti Malaya. Other committee members consist of university lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Physics. On behalf of MEC, I would like to thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.
Chief Executive Malaysian Examinations Council
CONTENTS Syllabus 960 Physics

Page Aims Objectives Content First Term: Mechanics and Thermodynamics Second Term: Electricity and Magnetism Third Term: Oscillations and Waves, Optics, and Modern Physics Practical Syllabus (School-based Assessment of Practical) Written Practical Test Scheme of Assessment Performance Descriptions Summary of Key Quantities and Units Values of constants Reference Books Specimen Paper 1 Specimen Paper 2 Specimen Paper 3 Specimen Experiment Paper 4 Specimen Paper 5 29 10 15 16 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 54 55 78 79 100 101 103 105 131 1 1
SYLLABUS 960 PHYSICS

Aims This syllabus aims to enhance candidates knowledge and understanding of physics to enable them to either further their studies at institutions of higher learning or assist them to embark on a related career and also to promote awareness among them of the role of physics in the universe.
Objectives The objectives of this syllabus are to enable candidates to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) use models, concepts, principles, theories, and laws of physics; interpret and use scientific information presented in various forms; solve problems in various situations; analyse, synthesise, and evaluate information and ideas logically and critically; use techniques of operation and safety aspects of scientific equipment; plan and carry out experiments scientifically and make conclusions; develop proper attitudes, ethics, and values in the study and practice of physics.
FIRST TERM: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS Topic 1 Physical Quantities and Units 1.1 Base quantities and SI units Teaching Period 6 Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to:
(a) list base quantities and their SI units: mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A), temperature (K) and quantity of matter (mol); (b) deduce units for derived quantities;
1.2
Dimensions of physical quantities
(c) use dimensional analysis to determine the dimensions of derived quantities; (d) check the homogeneity of equations using dimensional analysis; (e) construct empirical equations using dimensional analysis;
1.3
Scalars and vectors
(f)
determine the sum, the scalar product and vector product of coplanar vectors;
(g) resolve a vector to two perpendicular components; 1.4 Uncertainties in measurements 2 (h) calculate the uncertainty in a derived quantity (a rigorous statistical treatment is not required); (i) write a derived quantity to an appropriate number of significant figures.
Kinematics 2.1 Linear motion
6 2
Candidates should be able to: (a) derive and use equations of motion with constant acceleration; (b) sketch and use the graphs of displacementtime, velocity-time and acceleration-time for the motion of a body with constant acceleration;
2.2
Projectiles
(c) solve problems on projectile motion without air resistance; (d) explain the effects of air resistance on the motion of bodies in air.
Topic 3 Dynamics 3.1 Newtons laws of motion
Teaching Period 12 4
Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) state Newtons laws of motion; dv dm v (b) use the formula F m for constant dt dt m or constant v only; (c) state the principle of conservation of momentum, and verify the principle using Newtons laws of motion; (d) apply the principle of conservation of momentum; (e) define impulse as F dt ; (f) solve problems involving impulse;
3.2
Linear momentum and its conservation
3.3
Elastic and inelastic collisions
(g) distinguish between elastic collisions and inelastic collisions (knowledge of coefficient of restitution is not required); (h) solve problems involving collisions between particles in one dimension;
3.4
Centre of mass
(i) (j)
define centre of mass for a system of particles in a plane; predict the path of the centre of mass of a twoparticle system;
3.5
Frictional forces
(k) explain the variation of frictional force with sliding force; (l) define and use coefficient of static function and coefficient of kinetic friction.
Work, Energy and Power 4.1 Work
5 2
Candidates should be able to: (a) define the work done by a force dW (b) calculate the work done using a forcedisplacement graph; (c) calculate the work done in certain situations, including the work done in a spring;
F ds ;
4.2
Potential energy and kinetic energy
(d) derive and use the formula: potential energy change = mgh near the surface of the Earth; (e) derive and use the formula: kinetic energy
1 2
mv 2 ;
Topic
Teaching Period (f)
Learning Outcome state and use the work-energy theorem;
(g) apply the principle of conservation of energy in situations involving kinetic energy and potential energy; 4.3 Power 1 (h) derive and use the formula P (i)
Fv ;
use the concept of efficiency to solve problems.
Circular Motion 5.1 Angular displacement and angular velocity
8 1
Candidates should be able to: (a) express angular displacement in radians; (b) define angular velocity and period; (c) derive and use the formula v
r ;
5.2
Centripetal acceleration
(d) explain that uniform circular motion has an acceleration due to the change in direction of velocity; (e) derive and use the formulae for centripetal acceleration a =
v2 and a = r r
2
5.3
Centripetal force
(f)
explain that uniform circular motion is due to the action of a resultant force that is always directed to the centre of the circle;
(g) use the formulae for centripetal force mv 2 F and F mr 2 ; r (h) solve problems involving uniform horizontal circular motion for a point mass; (i) solve problems involving vertical circular motions for a point mass (knowledge of tangential acceleration is not required).
Gravitation 6.1 Newtons law of universal gravitation
10 1
Candidates should be able to: (a) state Newtons law of universal gravitation and GMm use the formula F ; r2 (b) explain the meaning of gravitational field; (c) define gravitational field strength as force of gravity per unit mass;
6.2
Gravitational field
Topic
Teaching Period
Learning Outcome
GM for a gravitational r2
(d) use the equation g field; 6.3 Gravitational potential 3
(e) define the potential at a point in a gravitational field; (f) derive and use the formula V
GM ; r
(g) use the formula for potential energy GMm U ; r (h) show that U mg r mgh is a special case GMm of U for situations near to the r surface of the Earth; (i) (j) use the relationship g
dV ; dr
explain, with graphical illustrations, the variations of gravitational field strength and gravitational potential with distance from the surface of the Earth;
6.4
Satellite motion in a circular orbit
(k) solve problems involving satellites moving in a circular orbit in a gravitational field; (l) explain the concept of weightlessness;
6.5
Escape velocity
(m) derive and use the equation for escape 2GM 2 gR . velocity ve and ve R Candidates should be able to: (a) define centre of gravity; (b) state the condition in which the centre of mass is the centre of gravity;
Statics 7.1 Centre of gravity
6 1
7.2
Equilibrium of particles
(c) state the condition for the equilibrium of a particle; (d) solve problems involving forces in equilibrium at a point;
7.3
Equilibrium of rigid bodies
(e) define torque as (f)
r F;
state the conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body;
Topic
Teaching Period
Learning Outcome (g) sketch and label the forces which act on a particle and a rigid body; (h) use the triangle of forces to represent forces in equilibrium; (i) solve problems involving forces in equilibrium.
Deformation of Solids 8.1 Stress and strain
5 1
Candidates should be able to: (a) define stress and strain for a stretched wire or elastic string; (b) sketch force-extension graph and stress-strain graph for a ductile material; (c) identify and explain proportional limit, elastic limit, yield point and tensile strength; (d) define the Youngs modulus; (e) solve problems involving Youngs modulus; (f) distinguish between elastic deformation and plastic deformation;
8.2
Force-extension graph and stress-strain graph
(g) distinguish the shapes of force-extension graphs for ductile, brittle and polymeric materials; 8.3 Strain energy 2 (h) derive and use the formula for strain energy; (i) calculate strain energy from force-extension graphs or stress-strain graphs.
Kinetic Theory of Gases 9.1 9.2 Ideal gas equation Pressure of a gas
14 2 2
Candidates should be able to: (a) use the ideal gas equation pV
nRT ;
(b) state the assumptions of the kinetic theory of an ideal gas; (c) derive and use the equation for the pressure exerted by an ideal gas p
1 3
c2 ;
9.3
Molecular kinetic energy
(d) state and use the relationship between the Boltzmann constant and molar gas constant
R ; NA
Topic
Teaching Period
Learning Outcome (e) derive and use the expression for the mean translational kinetic energy of a molecule,
1 2
mc 2
3 2
kT ;
9.4
The r.m.s. speed of molecules
(f)
calculate the r.m.s. speed of gas molecules;
(g) sketch the molecular speed distribution graph and explain the shape of the graph (description of the experiment is not required); (h) predict the variation of molecular speed distribution with temperature;
9.5
Degrees of freedom and law of equipartition of energy
(i) (j)
define the degrees of freedom of a gas molecule; identify the number of degrees of freedom of a monatomic, diatomic or polyatomic molecule at room temperature;
(k) explain the variation in the number of degrees of freedom of a diatomic molecule ranging from very low to very high temperatures; (l) state and apply the law of equipartition of energy;
9.6
Internal energy of an ideal gas
(m) distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas; (n) explain the concept of internal energy of an ideal gas; (o) derive and use the relationship between the internal energy and the number of degrees of freedom.
10 Thermodynamics of Gases 10.1 Heat capacities
14 2
Candidates should be able to: (a) define heat capacity, specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity; (b) use the equations: Q C , Q mc , Q nCV,m
Q nCp,m ;
and
10.2 Work done by a gas
(c) derive and use the equation for work done by p dV ; a gas W
Topic 10.3 First law of thermodynamics
Teaching Period 5
Learning Outcome (d) state and apply the first law of thermodynamics Q U W; (e) deduce the relationship (f)
U nCV, m T from
the first law of thermodynamics; derive and use the equation Cp,m
CV,m R;
(g) relate CV,m and Cp,m to the degrees of freedom; (h) use the relationship types of molecules; 10.4 Isothermal and adiabatic changes 6 (i) (j) describe the isothermal process of a gas; use the equation pV changes; use the equations pV constant for isothermal
Cp, m CV, m
to identify the
(k) describe the adiabatic process of a gas; (l) constant and
TV
constant for adiabatic changes;
(m) illustrate thermodynamic processes with p-V graphs; (n) derive and use the expression for work done in the thermodynamic processes. 11 Heat Transfer 11.1 Conduction 10 5 Candidates should be able to: (a) explain the mechanism of heat conduction through solids, and hence, distinguish between conduction through metals and non-metals; (b) define thermal conductivity; (c) use the equation
dQ d kA for heat dt dx conduction in one dimension;
(d) describe and calculate heat conduction through a cross-sectional area of layers of different materials; (e) compare heat conduction through insulated and non-insulated rods; 11.2 Convection 1 (f) describe heat transfer by convection;
(g) distinguish between natural and forced convection;
Topic 11.3 Radiation
Teaching Period 3
Learning Outcome (h) describe heat transfer by radiation; (i) (j) use Stefan-Boltzmann equation define a black body;
dQ dt e AT 4 ;
11.4 Global warming
(k) explain the greenhouse effect and thermal pollution; (l) suggest ways to reduce global warming.
SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Topic 12 Electrostatics 12.1 Coulombs law Teaching Period 12 2 Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) state Coulombs law, and use the formula Qq ; F 4 0r 2 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and sketch the field pattern for an isolated point charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly charged surface; (c) define the electric field strength, and use the F formula E ; q (d) describe the motion of a point charge in a uniform electric field; 12.3 Gausss law 4 (e) state Gausss law, and apply it to derive the electric field strength for an isolated point charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere and a uniformly charged plate; (f) define electric potential;
Q 4
0r
12.2 Electric field
12.4 Electric potential
(g) use the formula V
(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces; (i) (j) 13 Capacitors 13.1 Capacitance 13.2 Parallel plate capacitors 12 1 2 use the relationship E use the formula U = qV.
dV dr
Candidates should be able to: (a) define capacitance; (b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel plate capacitor; (c) use the formula C
Q 0A to derive C for d V the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;
10
Topic 13.3 Dielectrics
Teaching Period 2
Learning Outcome (d) define relative permittivity constant); (dielectric
(e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel plate capacitor; (f) 13.4 Capacitors in series and in parallel 2 use the formula C
r 0A
(g) derive and use the formulae for effective capacitance of capacitors in series and in parallel; (h) use the formulae
2 2 C (derivations are not required);
13.5 Energy stored in a charged capacitor
QV , U
Q2
and U
1 2
CV 2
13.6 Charging and discharging of a capacitor
(i) describe the charging and discharging process of a capacitor through a resistor; (j) define the time constant, and use the formula RC ;
t
(k) derive and use the formulae

t
Q0 1 e
t
,V
V0 1 e
and
I I 0e resistor;
for charging a capacitor through a

t
(l)
derive and use the formulae Q Q0 e

t t
V V0e and I I 0e for discharging a capacitor through a resistor;
(m) solve problems involving charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistor. 14 Electric Current 14.1 Conduction of electricity 10 2 Candidates should be able to: (a) define electric current, and use the equation dQ ; I dt (b) explain the mechanism of conduction of electricity in metals;
11
Topic 14.2 Drift velocity
Teaching Period 2
Learning Outcome (c) explain the concept of drift velocity; (d) derive and use the equation I
Anev ;
14.3 Current density
(e) define electric current density and conductivity; (f) use the relationship J
E;
ne 2t ; m
14.4 Electric conductivity and resistivity
(g) derive and use the equation
(h) define resistivity, and use the formula (i) (j)
RA ; l
show the equivalence between Ohms law and the relationship J E; explain the dependence of resistivity on temperature for metals and semiconductors by ne 2t ; using the equation m
(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors and superconductors. 15 Direct Current Circuits 15.1 Internal resistance 14 1 Candidates should be able to: (a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the terminal potential difference of a battery in a circuit; (b) state and apply Kirchhoffs laws; (c) explain a potential divider as a source of variable voltage; (d) explain the uses of shunts and multipliers; 15.4 Potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge 7 (e) explain the working principles of a potentiometer, and its uses; (f) explain the working principles of a Wheatstone bridge, and its uses;
15.2 Kirchhoffs laws 15.3 Potential divider
4 2
(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge.
12
Topic 16 Magnetic Fields 16.1 Concept of a magnetic field
Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) explain magnetic field as a field of force produced by current-carrying conductors or by permanent magnets; (b) use the formula for the force on a moving charge F qv B ; (c) use the equation F qvB sin magnetic flux density B; to define
16.2 Force on a moving charge
(d) describe the motion of a charged particle parallel and perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field; 16.3 Force on a currentcarrying conductor 3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on a straight current-carrying conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field; (f) 16.4 Magnetic fields due to currents 4 derive and use the equation F
IlB sin
(g) state Amperes law, and use it to derive the 0I magnetic field of a straight wire B ; 2r (h) use the formulae B and B for a circular coil 2r 0 nI for a solenoid;
0 NI
16.5 Force between two current-carrying conductors
(i)
0 I1I 2l for the 2d force between two parallel current-carrying conductors;
derive and use the formula F
16.6 Determination of the e ratio m
(j)
describe the motion of a charged particle in the presence of both magnetic and electric fields (for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);
(k) explain the principles of the determination of e the ratio for electrons in Thomsons m experiment (quantitative treatment is required); 16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression for Hall voltage VH ;
(m) state the applications of Hall effect.
13
Topic 17 Electromagnetic Induction 17.1 Magnetic flux 17.2 Faradays law and Lenzs law
Teaching Period 18 1 8
Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) define magnetic flux as B A; (b) state and use Faradays law and Lenzs law; (c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f. in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform magnetic fields;
17.3 Self induction
(d) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, and define self-inductance; (e) use the formulae E (f)
L dI and LI dt N ;
derive and use the equation for the self2 0N A ; inductance of a solenoid L l
17.4 Energy stored in an inductor
(g) use the formula for the energy stored in an 1 2 inductor U LI ; 2 (h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction, and define mutual inductance; (i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance between two coaxial solenoids of the same 0 N p Ns A cross-sectional area M . lp
17.5 Mutual induction
18 Alternating Current Circuits 18.1 Alternating current through a resistor
12
Candidates should be able to:
(a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an alternating current, and calculate its value for the sinusoidal case only; (b) derive an expression for the current from V V0 sin t ; (c) explain the phase difference between the current and voltage for a pure resistor; (d) derive and use the formula for the power in an alternating current circuit which consists only of a pure resistor;
14
Topic 18.2 Alternating current through an inductor
Teaching Period 3
Learning Outcome (e) derive an expression for the current from V V0 sin t ; (f) explain the phase difference between the current and voltage for a pure inductor;
(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor; (h) use the formula X L (i)
L;
derive and use the formula for the power in an alternating current circuit which consists only of a pure inductor; derive an expression for the current from V V0 sin t ;
18.3 Alternating current through a capacitor
(j)
(k) explain the phase difference between the current and voltage for a pure capacitor; (l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;
1 ; C
(m) use the formula X C
(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an alternating current circuit which consists only of a pure capacitor; 18.4 R-C and R-L circuits in series 3 (o) define impedance; (p) use the formula Z
R2 (X L X C )2 ;
(q) sketch the phasor diagrams of R-C and R-L circuits.
15
THIRD TERM: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES, OPTICS, AND MODERN PHYSICS Topic 19 Oscillations 19.1 Characteristics of simple harmonic motion 19.2 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion Teaching Period 12 1 Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) define simple harmonic motion;
(b) show that x

a
2
Asin t is a solution of
x;
(c) derive and use the formula v
A2
x2 ;
(d) describe, with graphical illustrations, the variation in displacement, velocity and acceleration with time; (e) describe, with graphical illustrations, the variation in velocity and acceleration with displacement; 19.3 Energy in simple harmonic motion 2 (f) derive and use the expressions for kinetic energy and potential energy;
(g) describe, with graphical illustrations, the variation in kinetic energy and potential energy with time and displacement; 19.4 Systems in simple harmonic motion 3 (h) derive and use expressions for the periods of oscillations for spring-mass and simple pendulum systems; (i) (j) describe the changes in amplitude and energy for a damped oscillating system; distinguish between under damping, critical damping and over damping;
19.5 Damped oscillations
19.6 Forced oscillations and resonance
(k) distinguish between free oscillations and forced oscillations; (l) state the conditions for resonance to occur.
20 Wave Motion 20.1 Progressive waves
12 3
Candidates should be able to: (a) interpret and use the progressive wave equation y = A sin ( t kx) or y = A cos ( t kx); (b) sketch and interpret the displacement-time graph and the displacement-distance graph;
16
Topic
Teaching Period
Learning Outcome
2 x ; (d) derive and use the relationship v
(c) use the formula
f ;
20.2 Wave intensity
(e) define intensity and use the relationship I A2 ; (f) describe the variation of intensity with distance of a point source in space;
20.3 Principle of superposition 20.4 Standing waves
(g) state the principle of superposition;
(h) use the principle of superposition to explain the formation of standing waves; (i) (j) derive and interpret the standing wave equation; distinguish between progressive and standing waves;
20.5 Electromagnetic waves
(k) state that electromagnetic waves are made up of electrical vibrations E = E0 sin ( t kx) and magnetic vibrations B = B0 sin ( t kx); (l) state the characteristics of electromagnetic waves;
(m) compare electromagnetic waves with mechanical waves; (n) state the formula c significance; (o) state the orders of the magnitude of wavelengths and frequencies for different types of electromagnetic waves. 21 Sound Waves 21.1 Propagation of sound waves 14 2 Candidates should be able to: (a) explain the propagation of sound waves in air in terms of pressure variation and displacement; (b) interpret the equations for displacement y y0 sin ( t kx) and pressure p = p0 sin
1
0 0
, and explain its
t kx
17
Topic
Teaching Period
Learning Outcome (c) use the standing wave equation to determine the positions of nodes and antinodes of a standing wave along a stretched string;
21.2 Sources of sound
4 (d) use the formula v
to determine the
frequencies of the sound produced by different modes of vibration of the standing waves along a stretched string; (e) describe, with appropriate diagrams, the different modes of vibration of standing waves in air columns, and calculate the frequencies of sound produced, including the determination of end correction; 21.3 Intensity level of sound 21.4 Beat 2 (f) define and calculate the intensity level of sound;
(g) use the principle of superposition to explain the formation of beats; (h) use the formula for beat frequency f f1 f2 ;
21.5 Doppler effect
(i)
describe the Doppler effect for sound, and use the derived formulae (for source and/or observer moving along the same line).
22 Geometrical Optics 22.1 Spherical mirrors
8 3
Candidates should be able to: (a) use the relationship f mirrors; (b) draw ray diagrams to show the formation of images by concave mirrors and convex mirrors; 1 1 1 (c) use the formula for spherical
r for spherical 2
mirrors; 22.2 Refraction at spherical surfaces 2 (d) use the formula

n 1 n 2 n 2 n1 for u v r refraction at spherical surfaces;
18
Topic 22.3 Thin lenses
Teaching Period 3
Learning Outcome
n 2 n 2 n1 to derive v r 1 1 1 the thin lens formula and u v f n1 u
(e) use the formula
lensmakers equation (f)
1 fm
nl 1 1 nm r1
1 ; r2
use the thin lens formula and lensmakers equation.
23 Wave Optics 23.1 Huygenss principle
16 1
Candidates should be able to: (a) state the Huygenss principle; (b) use the Huygenss principle to explain interference and diffraction phenomena;
23.2 Interference
(c) explain the concept of coherence; (d) explain the concept of optical path difference, and solve related problems; (e) state the conditions for constructive and destructive interferences;
23.3 Two-slit interference pattern
(f)
explain Youngs two-slit interference pattern;
(g) derive and use the formula x
D for the a fringe separation in Youngs interference pattern;
23.4 Interference in a thin film
(h) explain the phenomenon of thin film interference for normal incident light, and solve related problems; (i) (j) explain the diffraction pattern for a single slit;
23.5 Diffraction by a single slit
for the first a minimum in the diffraction pattern for a single slit;
use the formula sin =
a
(k) use the formula sin power of an aperture;
as the resolving
19
Topic 23.6 Diffraction gratings
Teaching Period 3 (l)
Learning Outcome explain the diffraction pattern for a diffraction grating;
(m) use the formula d sin grating;
m for a diffraction
(n) describe the use of a diffraction grating to form the spectrum of white light, and to determine the wavelength of monochromatic light; 23.7 Polarisation 2 (o) state that polarisation is a property of transverse waves; (p) explain the polarisation of light obtained by reflection or using a polariser; (q) use the Brewsters law tan
B
n;
(r) use the Maluss law I = I0 cos2 ; 23.8 Optical waveguides 2 (s) explain the basic principles of fibre optics and waveguides; (t) state the applications of fibre optics and waveguides.
24 Quantum Physics 24.1 Photons
20 8
Students should be able to: (a) describe the important observations in photoelectric experiments; (b) recognise the features of the photoelectric effect that cannot be explained by wave theory, and explain these features using the concept of quantisation of light; (c) use the equation E
hf for a photon;
(d) explain the meaning of work function and threshold frequency; (e) use Einsteins equation for the photoelectric 1 2 mvmax ; effect hf W 2 (f) explain the meaning of stopping potential, and 1 2 mvmax ; use eVs 2
20
Topic 24.2 Wave-particle duality
Teaching Period 2
Learning Outcome (g) state de Broglies hypothesis; (h) use the relation wavelength; (i) (j) interpret the electron diffraction pattern as an evidence of the wave nature of electrons; explain the advantages of an electron microscope as compared to an optical microscope;
h to calculate de Broglie p
24.3 Atomic structure
(k) state Bohrs postulates for a hydrogen atom; (l) derive an expression for the radii of the orbits in Bohrs model;
Z 2e4m 8
2 0
(m) derive the formula E n Bohrs model;
h2n2
for
(n) explain the production of emission line spectra with reference to the transitions between energy levels; (o) explain the concepts of excitation energy and ionisation energy; 24.4 X-rays 5 (p) interpret X-ray spectra obtained from X-ray tubes; (q) explain the characteristic line spectrum and continuous spectrum including min in X-rays; (r) derive and use the equation
min
hc ; eV
(s) describe X-ray diffraction by two parallel adjacent atomic planes; (t) 24.5 Nanoscience 1 derive and use Braggs law 2d sin =m ;
(u) explain the basic concept of nanoscience; (v) state the applications of nanoscience in electronics devices.
21
Topic 25 Nuclear Physics 25.1 Nucleus
Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to: (a) describe the discovery of protons and neutrons (experimental details are not required); (b) explain mass defect and binding energy; (c) use the formula for mass-energy equivalence E = mc2; (d) relate and use the units u and eV; (e) sketch and interpret a graph of binding energy per nucleon against nucleon number;
25.2 Radioactivity
(f)
explain radioactive decay as a spontaneous and random process;
(g) define radioactive activity; (h) state and use the exponential law for radioactive decay; (i) (j) define decay constant; derive and use the formula N
N 0e
t
dN dt
(k) define half-life, and derive the relation ln 2 ; t1

2
(l)
solve problems involving the applications of radioisotopes as tracers in medical physics;
25.3 Nuclear reactions
(m) state and apply the conservation of nucleon number and charge in nuclear reactions; (n) apply the principle of mass-energy conservation to calculate the energy released (Q value) in a nuclear reaction; (o) relate the occurrence of fission and fusion to the graph of binding energy per nucleon against nucleon number; (p) explain the conditions for a chain reaction to occur; (q) describe a controlled fission process in a reactor; (r) describe a nuclear fusion process which occurs in the Sun.
22
The Practical Syllabus School-based Assessment of Practical School-based assessment of practical work is carried out throughout the form six school terms for candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC to carry out the school-based assessment. MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by the candidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. The project will be carried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic, objective, theory, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified in the Teachers and Students Manual for Practical Physics which can be downloaded from MECs Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teachers during the first term of form six. Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experiment so as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one school double period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practical sessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessment guidelines prepared by MEC. A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequent STPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made during the registration of the examination. The Physics practical course for STPM should achieve its objective to improve the quality of candidates in the aspects as listed below. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) The ability to follow a set or sequence of instructions. The ability to plan and carry out experiments using appropriate methods. The ability to choose suitable equipment and use them correctly and carefully. The ability to determine the best range of readings for more detailed and careful measurements. The ability to make observations, to take measurements and to record data with attention given to precision, accuracy and units. The awareness of the importance of check readings and repeat readings. The awareness of the limits of accuracy of observations and measurements. The ability to present data and information clearly in appropriate forms. The ability to interpret, analyse and evaluate observations, experimental data, perform error analysis and make deductions. The ability to make conclusions. The awareness of the safety measures which need to be taken.
23
The objective of the project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and integrate practical skills in Physics with the aid of information and communications technology as well as to develop soft skills as follows: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) communications, teamwork, critical thinking and problem solving, flexibility/adaptability, leadership, organising, information communications and technology, moral and ethics.
Written Practical Test The main objective of the written practical test is to assess the candidates understanding of practical procedures in the laboratory. The following candidates are required to register for this paper: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) individual private candidates, candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-based assessment of practical work, candidates who repeat upper six (in government or private schools), candidates who do not attend classes of lower six and upper six in two consecutive years (in government or private schools). candidates who take Physics other than the package offered by schools.
Three structured questions on routine practical work and/or design of experiments will be set. MEC will not be strictly bound by the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates will be given sufficient information to enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory within the syllabus and knowledge of usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected. The questions to be set will test candidates ability to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) record readings from diagrams of apparatus, describe, explain, suggest, design or comment on experimental arrangements, techniques and procedures, complete tables of data and plot graphs, interpret, draw conclusions from, and evaluate observations and experimental data, recognise limitations of experiments and sources of results, explain the effect of errors on experimental results, suggest precautions or safety measures, explain theoretical basis of experiments, use theory to explain or predict experimental results, perform simple calculations and error analysis based on experiments.
24
Scheme of Assessment Term of Study First Term Paper Code and Name 960/1 Physics Paper 1 Theme/Title Mechanics and Thermodynamics Type of Test Written Test Section A 15 compulsory multiple-choice questions to be answered. Section B 2 compulsory structured questions to be answered. Section C 2 questions to be answered out of 3 essay questions. All questions are based on topics 1 to 11. Second Term 960/2 Physics Paper 2 Electricity and Magnetism Written Test Section A 15 compulsory multiple-choice questions to be answered. Section B 2 compulsory structured questions to be answered. Section C 2 questions to be answered out of 3 essay questions. All questions are based on topics 12 to 18. 60 (26.67%) 15 Mark (Weighting) 60 (26.67%) 15 Duration Administration
15 1 hours 30 Central assessment
15 1 hours Central assessment
30
25
Term of Study Third Term
Paper Code and Name 960/3 Physics Paper 3
Theme/Title Oscillations and Waves, Optics and Modern Physics
Type of Test Written Test Section A 15 compulsory multiple-choice questions to be answered. Section B 2 compulsory structured questions to be answered. Section C 2 questions to be answered out of 3 essay questions. All questions are based on topics 19 to 25.
Mark (Weighting) 60 (26.67%) 15
Duration
Administration
15 1 hours Central assessment
30
960/5 Physics Paper 5
Physics Practical
Written Practical Test 3 compulsory structured questions to be answered.
45 (20%) 1 hours Central assessment
First, Second and Third Terms
960/4 Physics Paper 4
Physics Practical
School-based Assessment of Practical 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out.
225 to be scaled to 45 (20%)
Throughout the three terms
School-based assessment
26
Performance Descriptions A Grade A candidate is likely able to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) recall the fundamental knowledge of Physics from the syllabus with few significant omissions; show good understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts; identify the appropriate information and apply the correct techniques to solve problems; communicate effectively using logical sequence based on physics fundamentals, including usage of mathematical expressions, schematic diagrams, tables and graph; synthesise information from fundamental principles of different content areas in problem solving; show good understanding of the underlying working principles and carry out extensive calculation in numerical-type questions; make adaptations, appropriate assumptions and use the fundamental knowledge of Physics in analyzing an unfamiliar situation; identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments; shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result; interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.
A Grade C candidate is likely able to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) recall the knowledge of Physics from most parts of the syllabus; show some understanding of the main principles and concepts in the syllabus; present answer using common terminology and simple concepts in the syllabus; demonstrate some ability to link knowledge between different areas of Physics; perform calculation on familiar numerical-type or guided questions; show some understanding of the underlying Physics principles when carrying out numerical work; identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments; shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result; interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.
27
Summary of Key Quantities and Units Candidates are expected to be familiar with the following quantities, their symbols, their units, and their interrelationships. They should also be able to perform calculations and deal with questions involving these quantities as indicated in the syllabus. The list should not be considered exhaustive. Quantity Base quantities Amount of matter Electric current Length Mass Temperature Time Other quantities Acceleration Acceleration of free fall Activity of radioactive source Amplitude Angular displacement . Angular frequency Angular momentum Angular speed Angular velocity Area Atomic mass Atomic number (proton number) Capacitance Change of internal energy Charge carrier density Coefficient of friction Conductivity Critical angle Current density Decay constant Density Displacement Distance Electric charge Electric field strength Electric flux Electric potential Electric potential difference Electromotive force Electron mass Elementary charge Emissivity Energy Focal length Force 28 a g A A ms 2 ms 2 s 1, Bq m , rad rad s 1 kg m2 rad s rad s 1 rad s 1 m2 kg F J m n I l m T t mol A m kg K s Usual symbols Units
L , , A ma Z C U n
1 c
s, x d Q, q E V V, V ,E me e e E, U f F
Am 2 s1 kg m 3 m m C NC 1 N C 1 m2 V V V kg, u C J m N
Quantity Force constant Frequency Gravitational field strength Gravitational potential Half-life Heat Heat capacity Image distance Impedance Intensity Internal energy Latent heat Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density Magnification power Mass number (nucleon number) Mass per unit length Molar heat capacity Molar mass Molecular speed Momentum Mutual inductance Neutron mass Neutron number Object distance Period Permeability Permeability of free space Permittivity Permittivity of free space Phase difference Potential energy Power Pressure Principal molar heat capacities Radius Ratio of heat capacities Reactance Refractive index Relative atomic mass Relative molecular mass Relative permeability Relative permittivity Resistance Resistivity Self-inductance Specific heat capacity Specific latent heat Speed Speed of electromagnetic waves
Usual symbols k f g V t Q C v Z I U L B m A Cm M c p M mn N u T
0
Units Nm 1 Hz N kg 1 J kg 1 s J JK 1 m Wm J J Wb T
2
kg m 1 J K 1 mol kg mol 1 ms 1 Ns H kg, u m s Hm 1 Hm 1 Fm 1 Fm 1 , rad J W Pa J K 1 mol m
U P p CV,m; Cp,m r X n Ar Mr
r r
R m L c l u, v c H J K 1 kg J kg 1 ms 1 ms 1
1
29
Quantity Stress Surface charge density Temperature Tension Thermal conductivity Time constant Torque Velocity Volume Wavelength Wave number Weight Work Work function Youngs modulus
Usual symbols
Units Pa Cm 2 K, C N Wm 1K 1 s Nm ms 1 m3 m m1 N J J Pa, N m 2
T, T k
u, v V k W W ,W E, Y
30
960 PHYSICS Values of constants

Acceleration of free fall Avogadros constant Boltzmanns constant Gravitational constant Magnitude of electronic charge Mass of the Earth Mass of the Sun Molar gas constant Permeability of free space Permittivity of free space g NA k, kB G e ME MS R
0 0
= = = = = = = = = = =
9.81 m s 6.02 1.38 6.67 1.60 5.97 1.99
2 1 1 2
1023 mol 10 10 10
23 11 19 24
JK
N m2 kg C
10 kg 1030 kg
1 1 1
8.31 J K 1 mol 4 8.85

1 36
10 7 H m 10
12
Fm
9
10
Fm
Plancks constant Radius of the Earth Radius of the Sun Rest mass of electron Rest mass of proton Speed of light in free space Stefan-Boltzmann constant Unified atomic mass unit
h RE RS me mp c
= = = = = = =
6.63 6.38 6.96 9.11 1.67 3.00 5.67 1.66
10
6
34
Js
10 m 108 m 10 10
31 27
kg kg
1 4
108 m s
27
10 8 W m 2 K 10 kg
31
Reference Books Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other reference books such as those listed below. 1. 2. Adam, S. and Allday, J., 2000. Advanced Physics. New York: Oxford. Breithaupt, J., 2000. Understanding Physics for Advanced Level. 4th edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Duncan, T., 2000. Advanced Physics. 5th edition. London: John Murray. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. 4th edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics-Principles with Application. 6th edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J., 2008. Fundamentals of Physics. 8th edition. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Hutchings, R., 2000. Physics. 2nd edition. London: Nelson Thornes. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2006. Serways Principles of Physics. 4th edition. California: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 7th edition. California: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Nelkon, M. and Parker, P., 1995. Advanced Level Physics. 7th edition. Oxford: Heinemann. Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., 2011. University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th edition. California: Pearson Addison Wesley.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7. 8.
9.
10. 11.
32
SPECIMEN PAPER
960/1
PHYSICS (FIZIK) PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
STPM

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)
Please tear off along the perforated line. (Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.)
Instructions to candidates: DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order. Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C. Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper. Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
For examiners use (Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa) Section B (Bahagian B) 16 17 Section C (Bahagian C)
Total (Jumlah)
Arahan kepada calon: JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN. Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib berangka. Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C. Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini. Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
This question paper consists of printed pages and (Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia STPM 960/1
blank page. halaman kosong.)
33
BLANK PAGE
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section A [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 1 Which formula does not have the same unit as work? A Power B Pressure C Mass time volume gravitational potential temperature
D Specific heat capacity
2 A ball is thrown upwards several times with the same speed at different angles of projection. Which graph shows the variation of the horizontal range R with the angle of projection ?
3 A body with mass 6 kg is acted by a force F which varies with time t as shown in the graph below. F/N
10
T t/s
If the change of the momentum of the body after time T is 30 N s, what is the value of T ? A 3s B 5s C 6s D 12 s
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Bahagian A [15 markah] Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 1 Rumus yang manakah yang tidak mempunyai unit yang sama dengan kerja? A Kuasa B Tekanan C Jisim masa isi padu keupayaan graviti suhu
D Muatan haba tentu
2 Sebiji bola dilontarkan ke atas beberapa kali dengan laju yang sama pada sudut pelontaran yang berbeza. Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan ubahan julat mengufuk R dengan sudut pelontaran ?
3 Satu jasad dengan jisim 6 kg ditindakkan oleh satu daya F yang berubah dengan masa t ditunjukkan dalam graf di bawah.
F/N 10
T t/s
Jika perubahan momentum jasad itu selepas masa T ialah 30 N s, berapakah nilai T ? A 3s B 5s C 6s D 12 s
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Which statement is true of the static friction between two surfaces? A It is always constant. B It depends on the surface area. C It depends on the nature of the surfaces. D It is always smaller than the kinetic friction.
5 A car of mass m with effective power P and initial velocity u climbs a hill of height h. The car arrives at the peak of the hill at velocity v in time t. Which is true of the motion? A B C D
Pt
Pt
1 mu 2 2
1 2 mv 2
1 2 mv 2
1 mu 2 2
mgh
mgh
Pt Pt
mgh mgh
1 mu 2 2 1 2 mv 2
1 2 mv 2 1 mu 2 2
6 A car of mass 1000 kg moves along the corner of a level road having a radius of curvature 35.0 m. If the limiting frictional force between the tyres and the road is 4.0 kN, the maximum speed of the car without skidding at the corner is A 4.0 m s 7
1
B 8.8 m s
C 11.8 m s
D 140.0 m s
If the gravitational field strength at a certain region is uniform, A there is no work done on a mass displaced in that region B the gravitational potential is the same at all points in that region C the gravitational force on a mass is the same at all points in that region D the gravitational potential energy is the same for all masses at all points in that region
A ladder PQ with the centre of mass R resting on a wall QS is shown in the diagram below.
T Q
R U P S
If the ladder is in equilibrium and the resultant forces at P and Q are FP and FQ respectively, FP and FQ must act through point A R 960/1 B S C T D U
38
Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang geseran statik antara dua permukaan? A Ia sentiasa malar. B Ia bergantung kepada luas permukaan itu. C Ia bergantung kepada sifat permukaan itu. D Ia sentiasa lebih kecil daripada geseran kinetik.
5 Sebuah kereta berjisim m dengan kuasa berkesan P dan halaju awal u mendaki sebuah bukit setinggi h. Kereta itu tiba di puncak bukit pada halaju v dalam masa t. Yang manakah yang benar tentang gerakan itu? A B C D
Pt Pt Pt Pt 1 mu 2 2 1 2 mv 2 mgh mgh 1 2 mv 2 1 mu 2 2 1 mu 2 2 1 2 mv 2 mgh mgh 1 2 mv 2 1 mu 2 2
6 Sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg bergerak melalui satu selekoh jalan raya yang rata yang mempunyai jejari kelengkungan 35.0 m. Jika had daya geseran antara tayar dengan jalan raya ialah 4.0 kN, laju maksimum tanpa tergelincir kereta pada selekoh itu ialah A 4.0 m s 7
1
B 8.8 m s
C 11.8 m s
D 140.0 m s
Jika kekuatan medan graviti di suatu kawasan adalah seragam, A tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas jisim yang tersesar di kawasan itu B keupayaan graviti adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu C daya graviti ke atas jisim adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu D tenaga keupayaan graviti adalah sama bagi semua jisim di semua titik di kawasan itu
8 Satu tangga PQ dengan pusat jisim R yang bersandar pada dinding QS ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
T Q
R U P S
Jika tangga itu berada dalam keseimbangan dan daya paduan di P dan Q masing-masing ialah FP dan FQ, FP dan FQ mesti bertindak melalui titik A R 960/1 B S C T D U
39
Which of the following best shows the stiffness of a solid? A Youngs modulus B Elastic limit C Yield point D Tensile strength
10 The temperature of two moles of a diatomic gas is raised by 8.0 C from room temperature. The increase in the internal energy of the gas is A 2.0 102 J B 3.3 102 J C 7.0 103 J D 1.2 104 J
11 The ratio of the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas is 1.4. What is the number of degrees of freedom of the gas? A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7
12 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure differs from molar heat capacity at constant volume because A the internal energy of the gas is higher at constant pressure B extra heat is required to expand the gas at constant pressure C extra heat is required to increase the degree of freedom of the gas at constant volume D work is required to overcome the attractive force between molecules which is stronger at constant pressure 13 An ideal gas in a cylinder is compressed isothermally. Which statement is true of the gas? A No work is done on the gas. B Heat is released from the gas. C The internal energy of the gas increases. D The potential energy of the gas molecules increases.
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Yang manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan kekakuan suatu pepejal? A Modulus Youngs B Had kenyal C Titik alah D Kekuatan tegangan
10 Suhu dua mol gas dwiatom dinaikkan sebanyak 8.0 C dari suhu bilik. Pertambahan tenaga dalam bagi gas itu ialah A 2.0 102 J B 3.3 102 J C 7.0 103 J D 1.2 104 J
11 Nisbah muatan haba molar suatu gas unggul ialah 1.4. Berapakah bilangan darjah kebebasan gas itu? A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7
12 Muatan haba molar pada tekanan malar berbeza daripada muatan haba molar pada isi padu molar kerana A tenaga dalam suatu gas adalah lebih tinggi pada tekanan malar B haba tambahan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan gas pada tekanan malar C haba tambahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan darjah kebebasan gas pada isi padu malar D kerja diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul yang lebih kuat pada tekanan malar 13 Suatu gas unggul dalam satu silinder dimampatkan secara isoterma. Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang gas itu? A Tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas gas. B Haba dibebaskan daripada gas. C Tenaga dalam gas itu meningkat. D Tenaga keupayaan molekul gas meningkat.
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14 Two perfectly insulated uniform rods R and S of the same material joined thermally is shown in the diagram below.
Insulator 100 C Insulator R S 50 C
The length of rod R is two times the length of rod S. The cross-sectional area of rod R is half the cross-sectional area of rod S. If the free ends of R and S are fixed at 100 C and 50 C respectively, what is the temperature at the junction of rod R and rod S? A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C
15 The Sun continuously radiates energy into space, some of which is received by the Earth. The average temperature on the surface of the Earth remains at about 300 K because A the Earth reflects the Suns light B the thermal conductivity of the Earth is low C the Earth radiates an amount of energy into space equal to the amount it absorbed D the energy only raises the temperature of the upper atmosphere and never reaches the surface
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14 Dua rod seragam R dan S yang bertebat dengan sempurna daripada bahan yang sama disambung secara terma ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Penebat 100 C Penebat R S 50 C
Panjang rod R adalah dua kali panjang rod S. Luas keratan rentas rod R adalah setengah luas keratan rentas rod S. Jika hujung bebas R dan S masing-masing ditetapkan pada 100 C and 50 C, berapakah suhu pada simpang rod R dan rod S? A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C
15 Matahari secara berterusan menyinarkan tenaga ke dalam angkasa, sebahagian daripadanya diterima oleh Bumi. Purata suhu pada permukaan Bumi kekal pada 300 K kerana A Bumi memantulkan cahaya Matahari B kekonduksian terma Bumi adalah rendah C Bumi menyinarkan amaun tenaga yang sama dengan amaun tenaga yang diserapnya ke dalam angkasa D tenaga hanya meningkatkan suhu atmosfera atas dan tidak pernah sampai ke permukaan
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Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
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HALAMAN KOSONG
45
Section B [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 16 A wire with cross-sectional area 0.50 mm2 and length 20.0 cm is pulled at both ends by a force of 55 N as shown in the diagram below. F = 55 N (a) Determine the stress in the wire. Wire F = 55 N [2 marks]
(b) If the extension is 0.40 cm, calculate the strain in the wire.
[2 marks]
(c) Determine the Youngs modulus of the wire.
[2 marks]
(d) Calculate the strain energy stored in the wire.
[2 marks]
17 (a) State two assumptions of an ideal gas.
[2 marks]
(b) State two physical conditions under which a gas behave as an ideal gas. [2 marks]
(c) A 0.035 m3 gas tank contains 7.0 kg of butane gas. Assuming that the gas behaves as an ideal gas, calculate its pressure at 27 C. [3 marks] [The molecular mass of butane is 58 g mol1.]
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Bahagian B [15 markah] Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 16 Satu dawai dengan luas kerata rentas 0.50 mm2 dan panjang 20.0 cm ditarik di kedua-dua hujung oleh satu daya 55 N seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
F = 55 N
Dawai
F = 55 N
(a) Tentukan tegasan dalam dawai itu.
[2 markah]
(b) Jika pemanjangan ialah 0.40 cm, hitung terikan dalam dawai itu. Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
[2 markah]
(c) Tentukan modulus Young dawai itu.
[2 markah]
(d) Hitung tenaga terikan yang tersimpan dalam dawai itu.
[2 markah]
17 (a) Nyatakan dua anggapan suatu gas unggul.
[2 markah]
(b) Nyatakan dua syarat fizikal yang mana satu gas bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul. [2 markah] (c) Sebuah tangki gas 0.035 m3 mengandungi 7.0 kg gas butana. Andaikan bahawa gas itu bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul, hitung tekanannya pada 27 C. [3 markah] [Jisim molekul butana ialah 58 g mol1.]
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section C [30 marks] Answer any two questions in this section. 18 (a) (i) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum. [2 marks]
(ii) In a perfect elastic collision, the total kinetic energy is conserved. Discuss a case where the total kinetic energy is lost completely after a collision between two objects. [2 marks] (b) An object of mass M is moving with velocity u, and collides elastically with another object of mass m at rest. After the collision, M and m move with velocities v1 and v2 respectively. (i) Write the equations to show the conservation of the kinetic energy and the conservation of the linear momentum. [2 marks] (ii) Using the equations in (b)(i), obtain a relationship between u, v1 and v2. [3 marks] (iii) Determine the condition required for the object of mass M to stop after the collision. [3 marks] (iv) If M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g and u = 8.0 m s1, calculate the percentage change in kinetic energy of the object of mass M after the collision. [3 marks] 19 (a) (i) State Newtons law of universal gravitation. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain why the force of gravity of the Earth on an object causes the object to accelerate towards the Earth. [2 marks] (b) The weight of a satellite in a circular orbit around the Earth is half of its weight on the surface of the Earth. The mass of the satellite is 8.0 102 kg. (i) Determine the altitude of the orbit. (ii) Determine the speed of the satellite. space. [3 marks] [2 marks]
(iii) Determine the minimum energy required by the satellite to escape from its orbit to [3 marks] 103 kg, state the effect on [3 marks]
(iv) If the satellite is replaced with another satellite of mass 1.6 your answers for (i), (ii) and (iii). .
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Bahagian C [30 markah] Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 18 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip keabadian momentum linear. [2 markah]
(ii) Dalam satu perlanggaran elastik yang sempurna, jumlah tenaga kinetik diabadikan. Bincangkan satu kes dengan jumlah tenaga kinetik hilang sepenuhnya selepas perlanggaran antara dua objek. [2 markah] (b) Satu objek berjisim M bergerak dengan halaju u, dan berlanggar secara elastik dengan objek lain berjisim m yang berada dalam keadaan rehat. Selepas perlanggaran, M dan m bergerak masingmasing dengan halaju v1 dan v2. (i) Tuliskan persamaan untuk menunjukkan keabadian tenaga kinetik dan keabadian momentum linear. [2 markah] dan v2. (ii) Dengan menggunakan persamaan dalam (b)(i), dapatkan satu perhubungan antara u, v1, [3 markah]
(iii) Tentukan syarat yang diperlukan bagi objek berjisim M itu untuk berhenti selepas perlanggaran. [3 markah] (iv) Jika M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g, dan u = 8.0 m s1, hitung peratusan perubahan tenaga kinetik objek berjisim M itu selepas perlanggaran. [3 markah] 19 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum kegravitian semesta Newton. [2 markah]
(ii) Jelaskan mengapa daya graviti Bumi pada satu objek menyebabkan objek itu memecut ke arah Bumi. [2 markah] (b) Berat satu satelit dalam satu orbit bulat yang mengelilingi Bumi ialah setengah daripada beratnya pada permukaan Bumi. Jisim satelit itu ialah 8.0 102 kg. (i) Tentukan altitud orbit itu. (ii) Tentukan laju satelit itu. [3 markah] [2 markah]
(iii) Tentukan tenaga minimum yang diperlukan oleh satelit untuk terlepas dari orbitnya ke angkasa. [3 markah] (iv) Jika satelit itu digantikan dengan satelit yang lain berjisim 1.6 pada jawapan anda dalam (i), (ii), dan (iii). 103 kg, nyatakan kesan [3 markah]
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20 (a)
(i) State the first law of thermodynamics.
[2 marks]
(ii) Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain the changes due to the work done in an isothermal expansion and an adiabatic expansion for an ideal gas. [5 marks] (b) A pump which is used to compress air into a big tank is shown in the diagram below.
To tank
Valve
Piston
0.300 m Initially the air in the pump is at atmospheric pressure 1.01 105 Pa and temperature 300 K. The pump has a uniform cylindrical space of length 0.300 m, and the valve opens when the air in the pump exceeds a pressure of 6.25 105 Pa. Assuming that the compression is adiabatic and that the air behaves as a diatomic ideal gas, (i) determine the distance for which the piston moves before the air starts to enter the tank, [4 marks] (ii) determine the temperature of the compressed air, (iii) determine the work done by the pump to fill 50.0 mol of air into the tank. [2 marks] [2 marks]
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20 (a)
(i) Nyatakan hukum termodinamik pertama.
[2 markah]
(ii) Dengan menggunakan hukum termodinamik pertama, jelaskan perubahan yang disebabkan oleh kerja yang dilakukan dalam pengembangan isoterma dan pengembangan adiabatik bagi satu gas unggul. [5 markah] (b) Satu pam yang digunakan untuk memampatkan udara ke dalam satu tangki besar ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Ke tangki
Injap
Piston
0.300 m Pada awalnya udara di dalam pam ialah pada tekanan atmosfera 1.01 105 Pa dan suhu 300 K. Pam itu mempunyai ruang silinder yang seragam dengan panjang 0.300 m, dan injap terbuka apabila udara di dalam pam melebihi tekanan 6.25 105 Pa. Andaikan bahawa mampatan itu ialah mampatan adiabatik dan udaranya bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul dwiatom, (i) tentukan jarak pada ketika piston bergerak sebelum udara mula memasuki tangki, [4 markah] (ii) tentukan suhu udara yang termampat, [2 markah] (iii) tentukan kerja yang dilakukan oleh pam untuk memenuhkan 50.0 mol udara ke dalam tangki itu. [2 markah]
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Values of constants (Nilai Pemalar) Acceleration of free fall Avogadro constant Boltzmann constant Gravitational constant Magnitude of electronic charge Mass of the Earth Mass of the Sun Molar gas constant Permeability of free space Permittivity of free space (Pecutan jatuh bebas) (Pemalar Avogadro) (Pemalar Boltzmann) (Pemalar graviti) (Magnitud cas elektron) (Jisim Bumi) (Jisim Matahari) (Pemalar gas molar) (Ketelapan ruang bebas) (Ketelusan ruang bebas) g NA k, kB G e ME MS R = = = = = = = = = = = 9.81 m s 6.02 1.38 6.67 1.60 5.97 1.99
2 1 1 2
1023 mol 10 10 10
23 11 19
JK
N m2 kg C
1024 kg 1030 kg
1 1 1
8.31 J K 1 mol 4 8.85

1 36
10 7 H m 10
12
Fm
9
10
Fm
(Pemalar Planck) (Jejari Bumi) (Jejari Matahari) (Jisim rehat elektron) (Jisim rehat proton) (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) (Pemalar Stefan-Boltzmann) (Unit jisim atom bersatu)
h RE RS
= = = = = = =
6.63 6.38 6.96 9.11 1.67 3.00 5.67 1.66
10
6
34
Js
10 m 108 m 10 10
31 27
me
mp
kg kg
1 4
108 m s
27
10 8 W m 2 K 10 kg
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Identity card number:.. Centre number/index number:. (Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
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Section A [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 1 A Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 2.0 C in vacuum. What is the electric flux through the surface? A 1.8 10
17
Vm
B 4.4 10 6 V m C 1.8 104 V m D 2.3 105 V m 2 Which statement is not true of an isolated charged conducting sphere? A Electric field exists inside the conductor. B The potential in the conductor is constant. C The charge distribution on the conductor is uniform. D The charge is distributed only on the surface of the conductor. 3 The space between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor needs to be completely filled by a dielectric material to increase its capacitance. Which will give the highest capacitance? Dielectric material A B C D Teflon Quartz Glass Mica Permittivity 2 3 4 5
0 0 0 0
Thickness 0.4 mm 0.8 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm
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Bahagian A [15 markah] Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 1 Satu permukaan Gauss mengurungi cas 2.0 C dalam vakum. Berapakah fluks elektrik menerusi permukaan itu? A 1.8 10
17
Vm
B 4.4 10 6 V m C 1.8 104 V m D 2.3 105 V m 2 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang cas terpencil sfera pengkonduksi? A Medan elektrik wujud di dalam konduktor. B Keupayaan di dalam konduktor adalah malar. C Taburan cas pada konduktor adalah seragam. D Cas ditaburkan hanya pada permukaan konduktor. 3 Ruang di antara plat-plat satu kapasitor plat selari perlu dipenuhkan selengkapnya dengan bahan dielektrik untuk meningkatkan nilai kapasitans. Yang manakah yang akan memberikan kapasitans yang paling tinggi? Bahan dielektrik A B C D Teflon Kuartz Kaca Mika Ketelusan 2 3 4 5
0 0 0 0
Ketebalan 0.4 mm 0.8 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm
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A switch S connected to terminal 1 at time t = 0 is shown in the circuit diagram below.
When the voltmeter reading has reached V0 at time t = T, the switch S is flipped to terminal 2. Which graph shows the correct variation of voltmeter reading V with time t?
The equation which relates the electrical conductivity of the material of a conductor with other ne 2t , where n, e and m are symbols with the usual meaning. t in the equation quantities is m represents A the thickness of the conductor B the mean distance between adjacent atoms in the conductor C the mean time between the collisions of free electrons with lattice ions D the mean time for a free electron to move from one end to the other end of the conductor
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4 Satu suis S yang disambungkan ke terminal 1 pada masa t = 0 ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
Apabila bacaan voltmeter telah mencapai V0 pada masa t = T, suis S ditukar ke terminal 2. Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan dengan betul ubahan bacaan voltmeter V dengan masa t?
Persamaan yang mengaitkan kekonduksian elektrik bahan suatu konduktor dengan kuantiti2 ne t , dengan n, e, dan m adalah simbol yang membawa makna yang biasa. t kuantiti lain ialah m dalam persamaan itu mewakili A ketebalan konduktor itu B min jarak antara atom-atom bersebelahan dalam konduktor itu C min masa antara perlanggaran elektron bebas dengan ion kekisi D min masa bagi satu elektron bebas untuk bergerak dari satu hujung konduktor ke hujung yang lain 960/2
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When a potential difference V is applied across two ends of a copper wire with diameter d and d L length L, the drift velocity of the electrons is v. If a copper wire of diameter and length with 2 4 potential difference of 2V applied across the two ends, the drift velocity, in terms of v, is A v B 2v C 4v D 8v
7 A cell of e.m.f. connected to three identical bulbs R, S and T and a rheostat XY is shown in the circuit diagram below.
X S P Y T R
If the contact P of the rheostat is adjusted towards Y, which statement is true of the changes in the brightness of the three bulbs? A R, S and T become brighter. B R and T become brighter, but S becomes dimmer. C R becomes brighter, but S and T become dimmer. D R and S become brighter, but T becomes dimmer. 8 A potentiometer with a 100 cm wire XY is shown in the circuit diagram below.
E is a dry cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.50 . R is a resistor of 2.0 . When switch K is open, the balance point P from X is 75 cm. When switch K is closed, the new balance point from X is A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm
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Apabila beza keupayaan V dikenakan merentas dua hujung satu dawai kuprum dengan garis pusat d d dan panjang L, halaju hanyut elektron ialah v. Jika satu dawai kuprum bergaris pusat dan panjang 2 L dengan beza keupayaan 2V dikenakan merentas dua hujung, halaju hanyut, dalam sebutan v, ialah 4 A v B 2v C 4v D 8v
7 Satu sel dengan d.g.e disambungkan ke tiga mentol R, S, dan T yang seiras dan satu reostat XY ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
X S P Y T R
Jika sesentuh P reostat dilaraskan ke arah Y, penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang perubahan kecerahan tiga mentol itu? A R, S, dan T menjadi lebih cerah. B R dan T menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S menjadi malap. C R menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S dan T menjadi malap. D R dan S menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi T menjadi malap. 8 Satu potentiometer dengan 100 cm dawai XY ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
E ialah sel kering dengan d.g.e. 1.5 V dan rintangan dalam 0.50 . R ialah perintang 2.0 . Apabila suis K dibuka, titik seimbang P daripada X ialah 75 cm. Apabila suis K ditutup, titik seimbang daripada X yang baharu ialah A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm
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9 An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field with a certain velocity. If the velocity of the electron is in the same direction as the magnetic field, A the electron accelerates B the electron decelerates C the electron continues to move with its original velocity D the electron is deflected and moves in a circle at constant speed 10 Four parallel wires passing through the four vertices of a square WXYZ is shown in the diagram below. M W X
These wires carry currents of equal magnitude in the directions shown. The resultant magnetic field at the centre O of the square is in the direction of A OM B ON C OP D OQ 11 Which statement is true of Hall effect? A The Hall voltage for ordinary metal is a few volts. B Hall effect can be used to determine the type of charge carrier. C The Hall voltage is not dependent on the dimensions of the material. D The electric force by the Hall voltage on the charge carriers exceeds the magnetic force. 12 A circular coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field. Which quantity does not influence the magnitude of the charge flow in the coil when the coil is pulled out from the magnetic field? A Area of the coil B Resistance of the coil C Magnetic flux density D The time taken to pull the coil out from the magnetic field
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9 Satu elektron bergerak masuk ke dalam medan magnet seragam dengan satu halaju tertentu. Jika halaju elektron itu adalah searah dengan medan magnet, A elektron itu memecut B elektron itu nyahpecutan C elektron itu terus bergerak dengan halaju asal D elektron itu dipesongkan dan bergerak dalam satu bulatan dengan laju malar 10 Empat dawai selari yang melalui empat bucu satu segi empat sama WXYZ ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. M W X
Dawai-dawai ini membawa arus yang sama magnitudnya mengikut arah yang ditunjukkan. Medan magnet paduan di pusat O segi empat itu ialah dalam arah A OM B ON C OP D OQ 11 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang kesan Hall? A Voltan Hall pada logam biasa ialah beberapa volt. B Kesan Hall dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jenis pembawa cas. C Voltan Hall tidak bergantung pada dimensi sesuatu bahan. D Daya elektrik oleh voltan Hall pada pembawa cas melebihi daya magnet. 12 Satu gegelung bulat diletakkan dalam medan magnet seragam. Kuantiti yang manakah yang tidak mempengaruhi magnitud aliran cas dalam gegelung apabila gegelung itu ditarik keluar dari medan magnet? A Luas gegelung B Rintangan gegelung C Ketumpatan fluks magnet D Masa yang diambil untuk menarik gegelung keluar dari medan magnet
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13 The mutual inductance M between two coils is defined by M P A E.m.f. induced in primary coil B E.m.f. induced in secondary coil C Potential difference across primary coil D Potential difference across secondary coil
P . What do P and Q represent? Q
Q Rate of change of current in secondary coil Rate of change of current in primary coil Potential difference across secondary coil Potential difference across primary coil
14 An alternating current I which flows through a 5 resistor is given by I = 2 sin (50t), where I is in amperes and t in seconds. The mean power dissipated in the resistor is A 5W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W
15 An R-C circuit is shown in the diagram below. R C
The r.m.s. voltage across R and C are 10 V and 7 V respectively. What is the r.m.s. voltage of the source? A 3V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V
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13 Induktan saling M antara dua gegelung ditakrifkan sebagai M dan Q? P A D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung primer B D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung sekunder C Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer D Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung sekunder
P . Apakah yang mewakili P Q
Q Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung sekunder Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung primer Beza keupayaan sekunder merentas gegelung
Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer
14 Arus ulang-alik I yang mengalir melalui satu perintang 5 diberikan sebagai I = 2 sin (50t), dengan I dalam ampere dan t dalam saat. Min kuasa yang terlesap dalam perintang ialah A 5W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W
15 Satu litar R-C ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. R C
Voltan p.m.k.d. merentas R dan C ialah masing-masing 10 V dan 7 V. Berapakah voltan p.m.k.d. sumber itu? A 3V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V
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Section B [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 16 Two thin conducting plates have an area of 0.50 m2 each. They are placed parallel to each other and 25 mm apart. One plate is maintained at +75 V while the other at 75 V by a d.c. supply. (a) Define capacitance of a capacitor. [1 mark]
(b) Determine the amount of charge stored on each plate. [4 marks]
(c) Calculate the energy stored in the electric field between the plates.
[2 marks]
17 (a) State Kirchhoffs laws.
[2 marks]
(b) Cell X of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal resistance 1.0 and cell Y of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal resistance 2.0 are connected as shown in the circuit diagram below. X I2 5.0 P (i) Calculate current I1 and I2. I 3.0 Q [4 marks] Y I1
(ii) Determine the potential different between P and Q.
[2 marks]
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Bahagian B [15 markah] Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 16 Dua plat pengkonduksi nipis tiap-tiap satu mempunyai luas 0.50 m2. Plat-plat itu diletakkan selari antara satu sama lain dan terpisah sejauh 25 mm. Satu plat dikekalkan pada +75 V manakala plat yang satu lagi pada 75 V oleh satu bekalan a.t. (a) Takrifkan kapasitans satu kapasitor. [1 markah]
(b) Tentukan amaun cas yang tersimpan pada setiap plat. [4 markah]
(c) Hitung tenaga yang tersimpan dalam medan elektrik di antara plat-plat itu.
[2 markah]
17 (a) Nyatakan hukum Kirchhoff.
[2 markah]
(b) Sel X mempunyai d.g.e. 3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 1.0 dan sel Y mempunyai d.g.e. 3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 2.0 disambungkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah. X I2 5.0 P (i) Hitung arus I1 dan I2. I 3.0 Q [4 markah] Y I1
(ii) Tentukan beza keupayaan antara P dengan Q.
[2 markah]
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section C [30 marks] Answer any two questions in this section. 18 (a) Two fixed spherical conductors X and Y which is separated by a distance of 0.50 m is shown in the diagram below. +3.0 C X 0.50 m 2.0 C Y
Conductor X has a radius 0.15 cm and charge +3.0 C. Conductor Y has a radius of 0.30 cm and charge 2.0 C. (i) Calculate the force between the two spheres. [3 marks] (ii) The two spheres are then connected with a thin wire. The wire is then removed from the spheres. Calculate the charge on each sphere. [5 marks] (b) (i) Using Gausss law, explain why a person inside a hollow metallic sphere of radius R maintained at a high electric potential does not experience an electric shock. [4 marks] (ii) Sketch a graph of electric field E against distance r for r < R and r > R for the situation in (b)(i). [4 marks] 19 (a) Explain microscopically why (i) metal becomes hot when an electric current flows through it, [2 marks] (ii) the resistivity of a metal increases while the resistivity of a semiconductor decreases when the temperature rises. [4 marks] (b) A current of 5.0 A flows in a wire of length 1.50 m and cross-sectional area 1.2 mm2. The potential difference is 6.0 V. (i) Determine the power dissipated in the wire. [3 marks] (ii) Determine the drift velocity of free electrons if the electron density is 1.5 1028 m3. [3 marks] (iii) Calculate the force experienced by a free electron if all the power dissipated in the wire is used to drift the free electrons. [3 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah] Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 18 (a) Dua konduktor sfera yang ditetapkan X dan Y yang dipisahkan oleh satu jarak 0.50 m ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. +3.0 C X 0.50 m 2.0 C Y
Konduktor X mempunyai jejari 0.15 cm dan cas +3.0 C. Konduktor Y mempunyai jejari 0.30 cm dan cas 2.0 C. (i) Hitung daya di antara dua sfera itu. [3 markah] (ii) Dua sfera itu kemudiannya dihubungkan dengan satu dawai nipis. Dawai itu kemudiannya ditanggalkan dari sfera-sfera itu. Hitung cas pada setiap sfera. [5 markah] (b) (i) Dengan menggunakan hukum Gauss, jelaskan mengapa seseorang di dalam satu sfera logam lompang berjejari R dikekalkan pada suatu keupayaan elektrik yang tinggi tidak mengalami renjatan elektrik. [4 markah] (b)(i). (ii) Lakar satu graf medan elektrik E lawan jarak r untuk r < R dan r > R bagi situasi dalam [4 markah]
19 (a) Jelaskan secara mikroskopik mengapa (i) logam menjadi panas apabila arus elektrik mengalir melaluinya, [2 markah] (ii) kerintangan satu logam bertambah manakala kerintangan satu semikonduktor berkurang apabila suhu meningkat. [4 markah] (b) Satu arus 5.0 A mengalir dalam satu dawai yang panjang 1.50 m dan luas keratan rentas 1.2 mm2. Beza keupayaan ialah 6.0 V. (i) Tentukan kuasa terlesap dalam dawai itu. [3 markah] (ii) Tentukan halaju hanyut elektron bebas jika ketumpatan elektron ialah 1.5 1028 m3. [3 markah] (iii) Hitung daya yang dialami oleh satu elektron bebas jika semua kuasa yang terlesap dalam dawai itu digunakan untuk menghanyutkan elektron bebas itu. [3 markah]
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20 (a)
(i) Define magnetic flux density, and state its unit.
[3 marks]
(ii) State two differences between the force due to electric field and the force due to magnetic field on a charged particle. [2 marks] (iii) State Amperes law, and use it to derive the magnetic field of a long straight wire. [4 marks] (b) A long fixed horizontal wire PQ carries current 80.0 A in the direction QP as shown in the diagram below. Q P 80.0 A 80.0 A String R 0.15 m S
A copper wire RS of diameter 0.40 mm having the same length of PQ hanging horizontally 0.15 m below PQ on two light strings. An e.m.f. source is connected across terminals R and S. If the density of copper is 8930 kg m 3, determine the minimum current and its direction needed to flow through RS so that the tension in the strings is zero. [6 marks]
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20 (a)
(i) Takrifkan ketumpatan magnetik fluks, dan nyatakan unitnya.
[3 markah]
(ii) Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara daya yang disebabkan oleh medan elektrik dengan daya yang disebabkan oleh medan magnet pada satu zarah bercas. [2 markah] (iii) Nyatakan hukum Ampere, dan gunakan hukum Ampere untuk terbitkan medan magnet satu dawai lurus yang panjang. [4 markah] (b) Satu dawai panjang mengufuk yang tetap PQ membawa arus 80.0 A dalam arah QP seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. P 80.0 A Tali R 0.15 m S Q 80.0 A
Satu dawai kuprum RS bergaris pusat 0.40 mm mempunyai panjang yang sama dengan PQ tergantung secara mengufuk 0.15 m di bawah PQ pada dua tali ringan. Satu sumber d.g.e. disambung merentas terminal R dan S. Jika ketumpatan kuprum ialah 8930 kg m 3, tentukan arus minimum dan arah yang diperlukannya untuk mengalir melalui RS supaya tegangan dalam tali adalah sifar. [6 markah]
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2 1 1 2
1023 mol 10 10 10
23 11 19
JK
N m2 kg C
1024 kg 1030 kg
1 1 1
8.31 J K 1 mol 4 8.85

1 36
10 7 H m 10
12
Fm
9
10
Fm
h RE RS
= = = = = = =
6.63 6.38 6.96 9.11 1.67 3.00 5.67 1.66
10
6
34
Js
10 m 108 m 10 10
31 27
me
mp
kg kg
1 4
108 m s
27
10 8 W m 2 K 10 kg
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Section A [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 1 A particle of mass m performs a simple harmonic motion with amplitude A and frequency f. The total energy of this simple harmonic motion is A
1 2
mA2f
B 2mA2f
C 2 2mA2f
D 4 2mA2f
2 A spring-mass system experiences critical damping. Which graph represents the variation of the displacement s with time t of the motion of the mass?
The oscillations of the particles between consecutive nodes of a standing wave have the same A amplitude B phase C maximum velocity D energy
Which statement is not true of an electromagnetic wave? A It is a transverse wave. B The expression for its speed is
0 0
C It consists of vibrations in magnetic and electric fields. D It can be polarised.
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Bahagian A [15 markah] Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 1 Satu zarah berjisim m melakukan gerakan harmonik ringkas dengan amplitud A dan frekuensi f. Jumlah tenaga gerakan harmonik ringkas ini ialah A
1 2
mA2f
B 2mA2f
C 2 2mA2f
D 4 2mA2f
2 Satu sistem jisim-spring mengalami pelembapan genting. Graf yang manakah yang mewakili ubahan sesaran s dengan masa t bagi gerakan jisim itu?
Ayunan satu zarah antara nod berturutan satu gelombang pegun mempunyai sama A amplitud B fasa C halaju maksimum D tenaga
Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gelombang elektromagnet? A Merupakan gelombang melintang. B Ungkapan bagi laju ialah
0 0
C Terdiri daripada getaran dalam medan magnet dan medan elektrik. D Boleh dikutubkan.
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5 If the level of intensity of a sound is raised by 10 dB, what is the ratio of the new sound intensity to the original sound intensity? A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 1010
6 A guitar wire is 0.80 m long and of mass 5.0 g. If its frequency of fundamental mode of vibration is 100 Hz, its tension is A 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N
7 Two thin lenses L1 and L2 which are placed coaxially at a distance 30 cm apart is shown in the diagram below.
L1 L2
Each lens has a focal length of 40 cm. If the incident rays to L1 are parallel, the final image which is produced after the rays pass through lenses L1 and L2 is A real and located between L1 and L2 B virtual and located between L1 and L2 C real and located on the right side of L2 D virtual and located on the left side of L1 8 A concave mirror produces a virtual image at a distance 60 cm from the mirror. The height of the image is three times the height of the object. What is the focal length of the concave mirror? A 10 cm 9 B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm
The resolving power of an aperture can be increased by using A an aperture of smaller diameter B light with higher frequency C light with longer wavelength D light with higher intensity
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5 Jika paras keamatan satu bunyi dinaikkan sebanyak 10 dB, berapakah nisbah keamatan bunyi baharu itu kepada keamatan bunyi asal? A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 1010
6 Seutas dawai gitar panjangnya 0.80 m dan berjisim 5.0 g. Jika frekuensi getaran mod asasnya ialah 100 Hz, tegangannya ialah A 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N
7 Dua kanta nipis L1 and L2 yang diletakkan sepaksi pada jarak 30 cm di antara satu sama lain ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
L1 L2
Setiap kanta mempunyai jarak fokus 40 cm. Jika sinar tuju ke L1 adalah selari, imej akhir yang terhasil selepas sinar melalui kanta L1 dan L2 adalah A nyata dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2 B maya dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2 C nyata dan terletak di sebelah kanan L2 D maya dan terletak di sebelah kiri L1 8 Satu cermin cekung menghasilkan satu imej maya pada jarak 60 cm dari cermin. Tinggi imej ialah tiga kali daripada tinggi objek itu. Berapakah panjang fokus cermin cekung itu? A 10 cm 9 B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm
Kuasa pembezaan jelas satu bukaan boleh ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan A bukaan garis pusat yang lebih kecil B cahaya dengan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi C cahaya dengan panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang D cahaya dengan keamatan yang lebih tinggi
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10 Which statement is not true of multimode step index optical fibres? A The refractive index of the cladding layer is greater than that of the core index. B The refractive index of the cladding layer is smaller than that of the core index. C Total internal reflections occur at core-cladding boundaries. D All wavelengths arrive at the other end of the fibre at different times. 11 When light with wavelength 300 nm incidents on the surface of a metal, photoelectrons with maximum kinetic energy 2.0 eV are emitted from the surface of the metal. What is the maximum wavelength for the light which can cause this emission of photoelectrons from the surface of the metal? A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm
12 The characteristic lines in an X-ray spectrum is caused by A deceleration of the energetic incident electrons while they approach the target B collision of energetic incident electrons with the target atoms C release of energy when the target atoms undergo ionisation D transitions of electrons between innermost shells of the target atom 13 Nanoscience is generally known as the study on systems with A sizes less than one nanometer B sizes from one to one hundred nanometres C mass of one to one hundred nanograms D interaction time of one to one hundred nanoseconds 14 The binding energy per nucleon is A almost constant when the nucleon number is between 60 and 80 B directly proportional to the nucleon number C maximum when the nucleon number is between 1 to 20 D maximum when the nucleon number is between 220 to 240 15 The count rate of a radioactive sample was originally 208 s1 as recorded by a detector. Four minutes later, the count rate had decreased to 40 s1. The average background count was found to be 16 s1. What is the half-life of the radioactive sample? A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s
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10 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gentian optik multimod indeks berperingkat? A Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih besar daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan. B Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih kecil daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan. C Jumlah pesongan dalaman berlaku pada sempadan salutan teras. D Semua panjang gelombang sampai di hujung yang lain gentian pada masa yang berbeza. 11 Apabila cahaya dengan panjang gelombang 300 nm tuju pada permukaan satu logam, fotoelektron dengan tenaga kinetik maksimum 2.0 eV dipancarkan dari permukaan logam itu. Berapakah panjang gelombang maksimum cahaya yang boleh menyebabkan pancaran fotoelektron ini dari permukaan logam itu? A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm
12 Garis cirian dalam spektrum X-ray disebabkan oleh A nyahpecutan elektron tuju yang bertenaga semasa menghampiri sasaran B perlanggaran elektron tuju yang bertenaga dengan atom sasaran C pembebasan tenaga apabila atom sasaran mengalami pengionan D peralihan elektron di antara petala-petala yang paling dalam atom sasaran 13 Nanosains secara umumnya dikenali sebagai kajian terhadap sistem dengan A saiz yang kurang daripada satu nanometer B saiz daripada satu nanometer hingga seratus nanometer C jisim satu nanogram hingga seratus nanogram D interaksi masa satu nanosaat hingga seratus nanosaat 14 Tenaga pengikat per nukleon ialah A hampir malar apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 60 dengan 80 B berkadar terus kepada nombor nukleon C maksimum apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 1 hingga 20 D maksimum apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 220 hingga 240 15 Kadar bilang satu sampel radioaktif pada asalnya 208 s1 seperti yang tercatat oleh satu pengesan. Empat minit kemudian, kadar bilang telah berkurang kepada 40 s1. Purata kadar bilang latar belakang didapati menjadi 16 s1. Berapakah setengah hayat sampel radioaktif itu? A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s
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BLANK PAGE
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HALAMAN KOSONG
89
Section B [15 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 16 A body of mass 2.0 kg moves in simple harmonic motion. The displacement x from the equilibrium position at time t is given by x 6.0cos0.22 t , where x is in metres and t in seconds. (a) Determine is the amplitude and the period of the simple harmonic motion. [3 marks]
(b) Calculate the maximum acceleration of the motion.
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the body at time t = 3 seconds.
[3 marks]
17 In an electron diffraction experiment, an electron beam which is accelerated on a potential difference is incident normally on a very thin gold film. Several circular diffraction rings are seen on a photographic film. (a) If the voltage at the anode is increased, what happens to the circular rings? [1 mark]
.................................................................................................................................................................... (b) If a particular ring of radius R is chosen and different values of accelerating voltage V are 1 recorded, sketch a graph of R against . Deduce that the experiment is in agreement with de V Broglies hypothesis. [6 marks]
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Bahagian B [15 markah] Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 16 Satu jasad berjisim 2.0 kg bergerak dalam gerakan harmonik ringkas. Sesaran x daripada kedudukan keseimbangan pada masa t berikan oleh x 6.0kos 0.22 t , dengan x dalam meter dan t dalam saat. (a) Tentukan amplitud dan tempoh gerakan harmonik ringkas itu? [3 markah]
(b) Hitung pecutan maksimum gerakan itu.
[2 markah]
(c) Hitung tenaga kinetik jasad itu pada masa t = 3 saat.
[3 markah]
17 Dalam satu uji kaji belauan elektron, satu alur elektron yang dipecutkan pada satu beza keupayaan menuju secara normal pada satu filem emas yang sangat nipis. Beberapa gelang belauan bulat dilihat pada satu filem fotograf. (a) Jika voltan pada anod ditingkatkan, apakah yang terjadi pada gelang bulat itu? [1 markah]
.................................................................................................................................................................... (b) Jika satu gelang tertentu yang berjejari R dipilih dan nilai berbeza voltan pecutan V 1 direkodkan, lakar graf R lawan . Deduksikan bahawa uji kaji itu bersetuju dengan hipotesis de V Broglie. [6 markah]
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BLANK PAGE
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section C [30 marks] Answer any two questions in this section. 18 (a) The displacement y at distance x and time t of a sound wave propagating in air can be represented by y = 7.5 10 4 sin (315t where x and y are in metres and t in seconds. (i) Sketch, on the same axes, graphs of y against x at times t = 0 and t = period of the wave. (ii) Determine the velocity and the frequency of the wave. (iii) Calculate the phase difference between the origin and a point 2.0 m from it. (b) (i) What is meant by Doppler effect?
T , where T is the 4 [2 marks]
1.05x),
[4 marks] [3 marks] [2 marks]
(ii) Describe the principle of Doppler radar used by the police to determine the speed of an automobile. [4 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah] Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 18 (a) Sesaran y pada jarak x dan masa t suatu gelombang bunyi yang merambat di udara boleh diwakili oleh y = 7.5 10 4 sin (315t dengan x dan y dalam meter dan t dalam saat. (i) Lakar, pada paksi yang sama, graf y lawan x pada masa t = 0 dan t = gelombang itu. (ii) Tentukan halaju dan frekuensi gelombang itu. (iii) Hitung beza fasa di antara asalan dengan satu titik 2.0 m dari asalan. (b) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kesan Doppler?
T , dengan T kala 4 [2 markah]
1.05x),
[4 markah] [3 markah] [2 markah]
(ii) Perihalkan prinsip radar Doppler yang digunakan oleh polis untuk menentukan laju sesebuah kenderaan. [4 markah]
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19 (a)
(i) State the principle of superposition. (ii) Explain the conditions needed to obtain a well-defined interference pattern.
[2 marks] [4 marks]
(b) The set-up for a Youngs double slit experiment is shown in the diagram below.
Light source
Red filter
Screen The fringe pattern observed has fringe separation of 1.6 mm. (i) If
D a
is 2500, calculate the wavelength of the red light that passes through the filter. [2 marks]
(ii) A blue filter is inserted to replace the red filter. Suggest what can be done to the set-up to obtain the fringe pattern of the same fringe separation as in (b)(i). [2 marks] (iii) If a thin sheet of mica with refractive index 1.58 is placed in front of the upper slit, explain the changes occurred to the fringe pattern. [2 marks] (iv) Given that the thickness of mica in (b)(iii) is 6.64 m, calculate the shift of fringe D pattern using = 2500 and = 450 nm. [3 marks] a
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19 (a)
(i) Nyatakan prinsip superposisi.
[2 markah]
(ii) Jelaskan syarat yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh satu corak interferen yang jelas. [4 markah] (b) Susunan bagi satu uji kaji dua celah Young ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Sumber cahaya
Penapis merah
Tabir Corak pinggir yang dicerap mempunyai pemisahan pinggir 1.6 mm. (i) Jika penapis itu.
D a
ialah 2500, hitung panjang gelombang cahaya merah yang melepasi melalui [2 markah]
(ii) Satu penapis biru dimasukkan untuk menggantikan penapis merah itu. Cadangkan apakah yang boleh dibuat kepada susunan untuk memperoleh corak pinggir dengan pemisahan pinggir sama seperti dalam (b)(i). [2 markah] (iii) Jika satu keping mika yang nipis dengan indeks biasan 1.58 diletakkan di hadapan celah atas, jelaskan perubahan yang berlaku pada corak pinggir itu. [2 markah] Diberikan bahawa tebal mika dalam (b)(iii) ialah 6.64 D pinggir menggunakan = 2500 dan = 450 nm. a (iv) m, hitung anjakan corak [3 markah]
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20 (a)
(i) Explain nuclear fusion reaction. (ii) State the conditions for nuclear fusion.
[2 marks] [2 marks]
(b) Solar energy is produced by fusion reactions in the Sun. One of the fusion processes is known as proton-proton cycle which involves reactions as shown below. Reaction 1: Reaction 2: Reaction 3:
1 1H 2 1H 3 2 He 1 1H 1 1H 3 2 He 2 1H 3 2 He 4 2 He 0 1
Q1 Q2
21 H 1 Q3
Q1, Q2 and Q3 are energies released. (i) Determine Q1, in Joules, released in Reaction 1. [3 marks]
(ii) Determine the number of protons required to form a helium nucleus 4 He in the above 2 continuous reactions. [2 marks] (iii) Determine the total energy, in Joules, released in forming a helium nucleus 4 He . 2 [2 marks] (iv) The Sun radiates 4.0 1026 W at a constant rate and the total mass of protons in the Sun is 2.0 1030 kg. Determine the approximate life span of the Sun if it radiates energy by the protonproton cycle reaction. [4 marks] [Atomic mass of 1 H is 1.00728 u, atomic mass of 1 0.00055 u and atomic mass of
4 2 He
2 1H
is 2.01355 u, atomic mass of
0 1
is
is 4.00150 u.]
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20 (a)
(i) Jelaskan tindak balas pelakuran nuklear. (ii) Nyatakan syarat bagi pelakuran nuklear.
[2 markah] [2 markah]
(b) Tenaga suria dihasilkan oleh tindak balas pelakuran dalam Matahari. Satu daripada proses pelakuran dikenal sebagai kitar proton-proton yang melibatkan tindak balas seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah. Tindak balas 1: Tindak balas 2: Tindak balas 3:
1 1H 2 1H 3 2 He 1 1H 1 1H 3 2 He 2 1H 3 2 He 4 2 He 0 1
Q1
Q2 21 H 1 Q3
Q1, Q2, dan Q3 ialah tenaga yang dibebaskan. (i) Tentukan Q1, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan oleh Tindak balas 1.
4 2 He
[3 markah]
(ii) Tentukan nombor proton yang diperlukan untuk pembentukan satu nukleus helium dalam tindak balas selanjar di atas. [2 markah]
(iii) Tentukan jumlah tenaga, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan dalam pembentukan satu nukleus helium 4 He . [2 markah] 2 (iv) Matahari memancarkan 4.0 1026 W pada kadar malar dan jumlah jisim proton dalam Matahari ialah 2.0 1030 kg. Tentukan anggaran tempoh hayat Matahari jika Matahari memancarkan tenaga melalui tindak balas kitar proton-proton. [4 markah] [Jisim atom 1 H ialah 1.00728 u, jisim atom 2 H ialah 2.01355 u, jisim atom 1 1 dan jisim atom 4 He 2 ialah 4.00150 u.]
0 1
ialah 0.00055 u
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2 1 1 2
1023 mol 10 10 10
23 11 19
JK
N m2 kg C
1024 kg 1030 kg
1 1 1
8.31 J K 1 mol 4 8.85

1 36
10 7 H m 10
12
Fm
9
10
Fm
h RE RS
= = = = = = =
6.63 6.38 6.96 9.11 1.67 3.00 5.67 1.66
10
6
34
Js
10 m 108 m 10 10
31 27
me
mp
kg kg
1 4
108 m s
27
10 8 W m 2 K 10 kg
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SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT
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Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia STPM 960/4
101
STPM PHYSICS
STUDENTS MANUAL 20___/20___
Experiment
Topic: Direct current circuit Title: Potentiometer Objective: To determine the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer Theory:
Accumulator S1
l Dry cell
S1
E.m.f. of the cell = . Internal resistance of the cell = r. With switch S1 closed while switch S2 open, obtain the balance length lo. With both S1 and S2 closed, obtain the balance length l. Then,
V r r I V V R V lo l r 1 R 1 R 1 R 1 Ir V
r r lo l
Graph of
lo l
against
1 R
should be linear and the gradient is r.
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STPM PHYSICS
STUDENTS MANUAL 20___/20___
Apparatus:
(i) A potentiometer (ii) A resistor-pack (iii) Two on-off switches (iv) A jockey (v) A 2 V accumulator (vi) A 1.5 V dry cell (vii) A centre-zero galvanometer
Procedure:
(a) With S1 closed and S2 open, determine the balance length lo. (b) With both S1 and S2 closed, determine the balance length l for various values of R. (c) Plot a graph of
1 lo against . l R
(d) Calculate the internal resistance r of the cell.
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104
SPECIMEN PAPER
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STPM


Instructions to candidates: DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. All working should be shown. Numerical answers should be given to an appropriate number of significant figures; units should be quoted where appropriate. Arahan kepada calon:
For examiners use (Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa) 1 2 3 Total (Jumlah)
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN. Jawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan. Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia. Semua kerja hendaklah ditunjukkan. Jawapan berangka hendaklah diberikan hingga bilangan anga bererti atau tempat perpuluhan yang sesuai; unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai.
105
The rate of heat loss
dQ dt
of a hot body at temperature
to the surroundings at temperature
is
given by
dQ dt k A(
0 ),
where k is a constant which depends on the nature of its surface and A the surface area of the body which is exposed to the surroundings. The rate at which thermal energy is lost from the body is given by
dQ dt mc d dt
where m is the mass of the body and c the specific heat capacity of the body. Thus
d dt kA mc (
0)
An apparatus set-up used by a student to study the rate of cooling of a body is shown in the diagram below.
Starting with water which was nearly boiling, the student recorded the temperature of hot water at time t for each five minute interval, with the temperature of the surroundings 0 = 27 C. Then the student plotted a graph of against t as shown in page __.
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Kadar kehilangan haba
dQ dt
satu jasad panas pada suhu
kepada persekitaran pada suhu
diberikan oleh
dQ dt k A(
0 ),
dengan k pemalar yang bergantung pada sifat permukaannya dan A luas permukaan jasad yang terdedah kepada persekitaran. Kadar kehilangan tenaga terma daripada jasad itu diberikan oleh
dQ dt mc d dt
dengan m jisim jasad dan c muatan haba tentu jasad itu. Oleh itu
d dt kA mc (
0)
Susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk mengkaji kadar penyejukan satu jasad ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Termometer Pengacau Penutup kayu Bikar Air panas
Pelapik kayu
Bermula dengan air yang hampir mendidih, pelajar itu mencatat suhu air panas pada masa t bagi setiap selang lima minit, dengan suhu persekitaran 0 = 27 C. Pelajar itu kemudian memplot graf lawan t seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman __.
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Graf
lawan t
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against t, draw tangent lines at = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C and 80 C, d d and determine the corresponding slopes . Tabulate , ( . [5 marks] 0 ) and dt dt
(a) On the graph of
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lawan t, lukis garis tangen pada = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C, dan 80 C, dan d d tentukan kelerengan yang sepadan. Jadualkan , ( . [5 markah] 0), dan dt dt
(a) Pada graf
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(b) Plot a graph of
d dt
against (
0)
[5 marks]
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(b) Plot graf
d dt
lawan (
0 ).
[5 markah]
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(c) State two precautionary measures which need to be taken so that the variation of temperature of hot water with time t in the cooling process gives a good result. [2 marks] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (d) Given that m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg against (
0)
and A = 0.1 m2. Based on the graph of
, determine the value of k for the apparatus set-up.
dt [3 marks]
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(c) Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil supaya ubahan suhu air panas dengan masa t dalam proses penyejukan itu memberikan keputusan yang baik. [2 markah] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (d) Diberikan m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg lawan (
0)
K 1, dan A = 0.1 m2.
Berdasarkan graf
, tentukan nilai k bagi susunan radas itu.
dt [3 markah]
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An apparatus set-up to determine the resistivity of a wire is shown in the diagram below.
Initially the wire of length is placed between O and P. The switch was closed and an ammeter reading I was recorded. The jockey was then touched and slid along the wire until the original reading I was obtained at point J. The distance x was then measured and recorded. The experiment was repeated using different values of . The readings of , I and x obtained are as follows. ( (I (x 0.1) cm 0.01) A 0.1) cm 105 0.72 64.0 100 0.74 63.3 95 0.80 55.7 90 0.82 52.7 85 0.84 51.5
The diameters D of the wire for three different measurements were recorded as 0.56 mm, 0.57 mm and 0.56 mm. The resistivity of the wire is given by
D2E 4 Ix
, where E is the e.m.f. of the dry cell.
(a) If E = 1.5 V, calculate the value of
and its error without using the graphical method. [4 marks]
(b) Describe a simple method to determine the e.m.f. of the dry cell.
[2 marks]
.................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................
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2 Susunan radas untuk menentukan kerintangan seutas dawai ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Akumulator Suis
Dawai gelongsor Joki
Sel kering
Pada mulanya seutas dawai yang panjangnya ditempatkan di antara O dengan P. Suis ditutup dan bacaan ammeter I direkodkan. Joki kemudian disentuhkan dan digelongsorkan pada dawai tersebut sehingga bacaan I yang asal diperoleh di titik J. Jarak x kemudian diukur dan direkodkan. Uji kaji ini diulangi dengan menggunakan nilai yang berlainan. Bacaan , I, dan x yang diperoleh adalah seperti yang berikut. ( (I (x 0.1) cm 0.01) A 0.1) cm 105 0.72 64.0 100 0.74 63.3 95 0.80 55.7 90 0.82 52.7 85 0.84 51.5
Garis pusat D dawai untuk tiga pengukuran yang berlainan direkodkan sebagai 0.56 mm, 0.57 mm, dan 0.56 mm. Kerintangan dawai tersebut diberikan sebagai
D2E 4 Ix
, dengan E sebagai d.g.e. sel kering. [4 markah]
(a) Jika E = 1.5 V, hitung nilai
dan ralatnya tanpa menggunakan kaedah bergraf.
(b) Perihalkan satu kaedah ringkas untuk menentukan d.g.e. sel kering itu.
[2 markah]
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(c) The position of J determined in this experiment is called the balance point. With the aid of a diagram, describe another way to determine the position of J using the same apparatus and a galvanometer. [2 marks]
.................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (d) In this experiment, it was found that the accuracy of the experiment would increase when a longer slide wire was used. Explain why this is the case. [2 marks] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (e) Suggest two precautions which should be taken in order to increase the accuracy of the experiment. [2 marks] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................
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(c) Kedudukan J yang ditentukan dalam uji kaji ini disebut titik keseimbangan. Dengan bantuan gambar rajah, perihalkan satu cara lain untuk menentukan kedudukan J dengan menggunakan radas yang sama dan sebuah galvanometer. [2 markah]
.................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (d) Dalam uji kaji ini, didapati bahawa kejituan uji kaji akan meningkat apabila dawai gelongsor yang lebih panjang digunakan. Jelaskan mengapa hal ini demikian. [2 markah] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (e) Cadangkan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan kejituan uji kaji [2 markah]
ini.
.................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................
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(f) Using the data and resistivity formula given, describe briefly the graphical method to determine the resistivity of wire. [3 marks]
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(f) Dengan menggunakan data dan rumus kerintangan yang diberikan, perihalkan secara ringkas kaedah bergraf untuk menentukan kerintangan dawai. [3 markah]
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(a) State a simple method to estimate the focal length of a convex lens.
[1 mark]
.................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (b) An apparatus set-up to determine the focal length of a convex lens is shown in the diagram below. A light bulb was used as an object.
A student obtained several object distances u and the corresponding image distances v. A graph of v against u was then plotted as shown on page . A graph of v = u was also drawn. Determine the focal length f1 of the convex lens from the graphs. [3 marks]
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(a) Nyatakan kaedah ringkas untuk menganggar panjang fokus satu kanta cembung.
[1 markah]
.................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (b) Susunan radas untuk menentukan panjang fokus satu kanta cembung ditunjukkan seperti dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Satu mentol digunakan sebagai objek. Kanta cembung Mentol Plastisin
Tabir
Seorang pelajar memperoleh beberapa jarak objek u dan jarak imej v yang sepadan. Satu graf v lawan u kemudian diplot seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman . Graf v = u juga dilukis. Tentukan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dari graf itu. [3 markah]
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123
raph of v against u
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Graf v lawan u
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(c) A concave lens was then placed in contact with the convex lens to form a combined lens as shown in the diagram below. The experiment was repeated.
(i) The results were recorded. Complete the table.

1 u
1
[2 marks]
1
1
u/cm 100.00 67.0 50.0 40.0 33.0 25.0
v/cm 25.5 30.0 35.9 38.5 57.0 154.0
/cm
/cm
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(c) Satu kanta cekung kemudian diletakkan bersentuhan dengan kanta cembung itu untuk membentuk satu kanta gabungan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Uji kaji diulangi. Kanta cembung Mentol Plastisin Kanta cekung Tabir
(i) Keputusan direkodkan. Lengkapkan jadual ini.

1 u
1
[2 markah]
1
1
u/cm 100.00 67.0 50.0 40.0 33.0 25.0
v/cm 25.5 30.0 35.9 38.5 57.0 154.0
/cm
/cm
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(ii) Plot a graph of
1 v
against
, and extrapolate the line to intersect both the axes. [3 marks]
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(ii) Plot graf
1 v
lawan
, dan ekstrapolasikan garis itu untuk memotong kedua-dua paksi. [3 markah]
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(iii) Write down the value of the intercept on each axis, and determine the focal length f of the combined lens. [2 marks] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (iv) Based on your graph, state two reasons why the experiment is considered not accurate. [2 marks] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (d) The focal length f of the combined lens is related to the focal length f1 of the convex lens and the focal length f2 of the concave lens by the equation
1 f 1 f1 1 f2
. [2 marks]
Calculate the focal length f2 of the concave lens.
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(iii) Tulis nilai pintasan pada setiap paksi, dan tentukan panjang fokus f kanta gabungan. [2 markah] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (iv) Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan dua sebab mengapa uji kaji itu dianggap tidak jitu. [2 markah] .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... (d) Panjang fokus f kanta gabungan dihubungkan dengan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dan panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung oleh persamaan
1 f 1 f1 1 f2
. [2 markah]
Hitung panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung itu.
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960 SP Physics 2012

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STPM/S(E)960

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

PEPERIKSAAN SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

Chief Executive Malaysian Examinations Council

CONTENTS Syllabus 960 Physics

SYLLABUS 960 PHYSICS

Dimensions of physical quantities

Scalars and vectors

Kinematics 2.1 Linear motion

Topic 3 Dynamics 3.1 Newtons laws of motion

Linear momentum and its conservation

Elastic and inelastic collisions

Work, Energy and Power 4.1 Work

Potential energy and kinetic energy

Teaching Period (f)

Learning Outcome state and use the work-energy theorem;

use the concept of efficiency to solve problems.

Circular Motion 5.1 Angular displacement and angular velocity

Gravitation 6.1 Newtons law of universal gravitation

(d) use the equation g field; 6.3 Gravitational potential 3

Satellite motion in a circular orbit

Statics 7.1 Centre of gravity

Equilibrium of rigid bodies

(e) define torque as (f)

state the conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body;

Deformation of Solids 8.1 Stress and strain

Force-extension graph and stress-strain graph

Molecular kinetic energy

The r.m.s. speed of molecules

calculate the r.m.s. speed of gas molecules;

Degrees of freedom and law of equipartition of energy

Internal energy of an ideal gas

10 Thermodynamics of Gases 10.1 Heat capacities

10.2 Work done by a gas

Topic 10.3 First law of thermodynamics

(k) describe the adiabatic process of a gas; (l) constant and

constant for adiabatic changes;

(g) distinguish between natural and forced convection;

Topic 11.3 Radiation

11.4 Global warming

12.2 Electric field

12.4 Electric potential

(g) use the formula V

Topic 13.3 Dielectrics

Learning Outcome (d) define relative permittivity constant); (dielectric

13.5 Energy stored in a charged capacitor

13.6 Charging and discharging of a capacitor

(k) derive and use the formulae

for charging a capacitor through a

derive and use the formulae Q Q0 e

V V0e and I I 0e for discharging a capacitor through a resistor;

Topic 14.2 Drift velocity

14.3 Current density

14.4 Electric conductivity and resistivity

(g) derive and use the equation

(h) define resistivity, and use the formula (i) (j)

15.2 Kirchhoffs laws 15.3 Potential divider

(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge.

Topic 16 Magnetic Fields 16.1 Concept of a magnetic field

16.2 Force on a moving charge

16.5 Force between two current-carrying conductors

0 I1I 2l for the 2d force between two parallel current-carrying conductors;

derive and use the formula F