Hadpop Checklist Illustrate the hierarchy of the NHS Why do Drs.

Need to consider a wider perspective with regard to patient care? Give three reasons. Give 3 illustrations of averaging results. Which is the best to use epidemiology? What is Case-mixing? What is the definition of a census? What is the Crude Birth Rate? General Fertility Rate? Total Fertility Rate? Define fecundity and fertility. What are the time limits on the following? Birth Notification Birth Registration What does the Dr. have to write on a death certificate? Define morbidity and mortality rate. State the problems you might come across when analysing these. What is cyclical obsolescence? Define incidence rate in words as well as mathmatically. Do the same for prevalence rate What is the purpose of age/sex standardisation? Define the SMR. What does an SMR of 100 mean? An SMR of 200 mean? An SMR of 1 mean? Define the IRR.

Why does an SMR always have lower error factors / confidence intervals than an IRR? What is a null hypothesis (Ho)? If a P value is <0.05 what does this mean with regard to the hypothesis? What is the mathematical definition of a confidence interval? What does it reflect? State 3 limitations for hypothesis testing State 4 steps to distinguish a causal from a non-causal factor. What is a clinical trial? What is a randomised control trial? Why is this more statistically accurate than other methods? What are the disadvantages of not using a RCT & the use of historical controls? Why might differences in outcome between 2 groups occur? Give 5 reasons. What is the placebo affect? What is an explanatory trial, a pragmatic trial and what are the benefits of the latter? What is clinical equipoise? What are the main sources of error in trials? When do they occur? What are the differences between an SMR and an IRR? Why are the crude rate ratios misleading? Name 6 advantages of cohort studies. Name 4 disadvantage of cohort studies.

What are bias, chance and confounding? How can you carry out a case control study? What is a conventional and nested case control study? What is an odds ratio? Why do you have more controls than cases? Compare a case-control and a cohort study. When is a cause Necessary? Sufficient? Neither? What is a cause? How is the direction of causality important? What is an association? What is an association due to? What is consistency of association? Define the following: Temporal Sequence Dose response Reversibility Coherence of Theory Analogy Biological Plausibility What are the 4 ethics of clinical trials? What do the NHS Research Committee do? What are The Numberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki? What does informed consent involve? Who may be excluded in ethical recruitment?