PAPR reduction techniques for MC-CDMA Supervisor: Dr.

Abdul Waheed Umrani Associate Professor, TL Proposal

1. Background/Motivation

Co-supervisor: Dr. Fahim Aziz Umrani Assistant Professor, TL

The requirements of high data rate transmission by modern wireless communication systems under practical time-varying channels leads to the fact that they cannot be designed without multi carrier transmission and that is most efficiently implemented in the form of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [1]. The OFDM technology is well known for its capability to cope with frequency-selective fading channel due to multipath and its low complexity equalizer. Therefore, it becomes a popular candidate for various high data-rate wireless systems such as IEEE 802.11n WLAN, IEEE 802.16 WiMAX, 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 UMB, etc. However, OFDM suffers from high peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR). Furthermore, in multi-cell scenarios, the OFDM based access scheme, namely, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) can suffer from severe co-channel interference from adjacent cells which makes one-cell universal frequency reuse non-trivial for OFDMA based cellular networks. On the other hand, code division multiple access (CDMA) is a technology being used in the 3G cellular networks such as 3GPP WCDMA and 3GPP2 CMDA2000. The most significant advantage of CDMA is that it can achieve the one-cell universal frequency reuse by deploying properly designed set of codes. Later, several technologies combining the benefits of OFDM with CDMA are reported in the literature, mainly in the form of multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) [1]-[3]. In MC-CDMA systems, the CDMA part provides multiple access ability as well as to spread each users data across the entire available frequency band. The spreading codes chips are then modulated on orthogonal subcarriers and spread across the time domain via the OFDM modulation which provides protection against the delay spread of the multipath channel. Therefore MC-CDMA technique can achieve high data rate transmission with protection against both frequency selective fading and time dispersion channel while at the same time offers a spectrum efficient multiple access strategy [3]. However MC-CDMA systems suffer from high PAPR which is one of the major drawbacks of all multicarrier transmission schemes. A wide dynamic range is required in the linear Power Amplifiers (PA) at the transmitter in order to transmit a signal with large PAPR. If the dynamic range of PA is insufficient, the signal could be distorted from the resulting nonlinearity which degrades the signal quality and leads to out of band (OoB) radiations and hence interfere with adjacent frequency bands [3]. A variety of schemes have been suggested in literature to combat PAPR issue in OFDM systems [1]-[7]. It is known that the Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) and the Selected Mapping (SLM) are effective for OFDM [4]. In SLM multiple sequences are generated from the original data block and the sequence with the lowest PAPR is selected for transmission. In the PTS approach, disjoint subblocks of OFDM subcarriers are phase shifted separately after an inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT is computed. If the subblocks are optimally phase shifted, they exhibit minimum PAPR and consequently reduce the PAPR of the merged signal. The number of subblocks and their partitioning scheme determine the PAPR reduction. Typically, the receiver requires side information corresponding to the optimal phases in PTS and the transmitted sequences in SLM [5].

2.

Objectives

SLM and PTS are originally OFDM based schemes and can be transplanted to MC-CDMA system [6]. In [4] it is shown that SLM can reduce the PAPR of MC-CDMA more than the PTS at the same amount of side information. However the effect of SLM technique that employs convolutional codes to avoid the need for the transmission of side-information for MC-CDMA has not been studied. We aim to investigate the effects of SLM technique that employs convolutional codes for MC-CDMA.

3.

Research Methodology

We will study and investigate the performance of SLM technique that employs convolutional codes with simulations in terms of PAPR and BER using Matlab and Simulink.

4.

References

[1] Miin-Jong Hao and Chiu-Hsiung Lai, Precoding for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals With Minimum Error Probability, IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting , Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 120-128, March 2010. [2] Chia-Chin Chong, et al. On the Performance Comparision of VSF-OFCDMA and OFDMA, IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2008, pp. 1-6, September 2008. [3] Lin Yang, Mingli You and Jun Li, Optimized Spreading Code Reallocation Technique for PAPR Reduction in MC-CDMA systems IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009, pp. 1-6, November 2009. [4] N. Ohkubo and T. Ohtsuki, A peak to average power ratio reduction of multicarrier CDMA using selected mapping IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2002, Vol. 4, pp. 2086 - 2090, December 2002. [5] Ghassemi, A and Gulliver, T PAPR reduction of OFDM Using PTS and Error-Correcting Code Subblocking IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 980-989, March 2010. [6] Hernandez, L.A.P and Otero, M.G User Reservation Approach for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in MC-CDMA Systems IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009, pp. 1-5, June 2009. [7] Khanza Khan and Shahzad Amin Sheikh, PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals using Convolutional Codes, IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development, 2009, UPM Serdang Malaysia, pp. 26-28, November 2009.