2. Alternator capability t overcome th motor i 2 Alt t bilit to the t inrush h and sustain the voltage within the spec limits.
DOL Starters
600 PERCEN TORQUE, POWER, CURR NT P RENT
Direct On-Line (DOL) Start High Locked Rotor Current (kVA) g ( ) Shown for 100% Rated Voltage Starting PF 0.2 to 0.4 for 3 Motors Higher Starting Requirements g g q
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Motor Torque
0 20 40 60 80 PERCENT MOTOR RATED SPEED
0.2
Load Torque
100
Star-delta Starting
Typical kW demand of motor
Reduced Starting Impact Watch out for the transition (kVA) Potential start failure if alternator ca ot susta cannot sustain voltage in t a s t o o tage transition.
Soft Starting
Motor Response for Soft Starter
Regenerative Load
Reverse power needs to be considered.
Regenerative Load
Stage 1:1: Genset Supplies Site Loads Stage 2:Lift Motor Produces M t P d Reverse Power 200kW 100kW Load Bank Removes Risk of Reverse Power
Transients
Step Loading the Generator
Apply Load in Increments Apply Large Motor Loads First Limit Voltage and Frequency dip Ultimately reduce genset size
ISO 8528 - 5
ISO 8528 specifies d i and performance ifi design d f criteria of Reciprocating Internal Combustion (RIC) engine and an Alternating Current (AC) generator when operating as a unit.
Voltage Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Transient Requirements
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Frequency Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Transient Requirements
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Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Performance Classes
Class G1 This applies to generating set applications where the connected loads are such that only basic parameters of voltage and frequency need to be specified. specified EXAMPLE General-purpose applications (lighting and other simple electrical loads) loads).
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Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Performance Classes
Class G2 This applies to generating set applications where its voltage characteristics are very similar to those for the commercial public utility electrical power system with which it operates. operates When load changes occur, there may be temporary but acceptable deviations of voltage and frequency. EXAMPLE Lighting systems, pumps, fans and hoists.
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Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Performance Classes
An example of Class G2 voltage and frequency requirements: Transient Frequency Dip </= 10% Frequency Recovery Time </= 5 Secs Steady State Voltage Deviation </= +/- 2.5% Transient Voltage Dip </= 20% Voltage Recovery Time </= 6 Secs
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Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Performance Classes
Class G3 This applies to applications where the connected equipment makes severe demands on the stability and level of the frequency, frequency voltage and waveform characteristics of the electrical power supplied by the generating set. EXAMPLE Telecommunications and thyristor-controlled loads. It should be remembered that both rectifier and thyristor-controlled loads may need special consideration with respect to their effect on generator-voltage waveform. p g g
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Transients.
ISO 8528-5 Performance Classes
Class G4 This applies to applications where the demands made on the stability and level of the frequency, voltage and waveform characteristics of the electrical power supplied by the generating set are exceptionally severe. EXAMPLE Data-processing equipment or computer systems. systems
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Voltage Transients.
Locked Rotor Curve
Locked R t C L k d Rotor Curve f for 1400kVA alternator g Used to aid sizing Approx 14% dip at 1000kVA (depends on voltage) Allow 0.5% Volts Dip for every 1% Freq Dip
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Sizing.
Can be very simple a simple addition with diversity, etc., or... y, , More complex when considering difficult loads and load step sequencing.
Power Suite
Cummins Power Suite.lnk
Cummins Sizing Tool Gensize (To calculate your generator requirements) Has a database using CPG product test data
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Enter 100kW lighting load g g Click Next for more options Example shows 3 phase 100 kW fluorescent lights
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Shows requirements for 100kW light load Click Finish to complete load
Light load now created Whilst highlighted, the light load parameters appear t
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Load L d parameters t
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Generator Config G t C fi
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Close Report
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Switch to library y
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Central Library CD
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Click Next for Cli k N t f more options New loads can then be added to each step
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Click Finish
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Quantity changes to 2 y g
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Workshop
Lighting Loads General Loads UPS Loads Motor Loads Round-Up
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LIGHTING LOADS
Power input
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LIGHTING LOADS
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GENERAL LOADS
Power inputs Power requirements Requirement for generator
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GENERAL LOADS
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UPS LOAD
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UPS LOAD
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MOTOR LOADS
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MOTOR LOADS
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Any Questions