CLINICAL PHARMACY ASSIGNMENT 1 ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING

ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING

Pharmacists take active part in the management of the disease state. In disease state management, the role of pharmacist is to optimize as well as to monitor the drug therapy. Pharmacists has to play this role with the help of the physicians and many other health professionals as well. At the present time, pharmacists need to have expert knowledge about a wide range of things. The knowledge of these professionals deals with several areas of medical science like pharmacology, chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, practice of pharmacy, pharmacy law, compounding medication etc. They prove be an accurate source for providing expert's knowledge in medical institutions like clinics, hospitals as well as the community pharmacies across the globe.

RATIONALE PRESCRIBING
The phenomenon that requires the patient to receive medication appropriate with their clinical needs in doses that meet their individual requirement for an adequate period of time and at lower cost STEPS IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING:A Prescription is actually three things:The physicians order in the patients chart The written order to which pharmacist refers The patients medication appropriate and rationale for the patient. Steps involved for rationale prescribing are outlined as follows:Make a specific diagnosis Consider the implications of diagnosis Select a therapeutic objective Select a drug of choice Determine the appropriate drug regimen

ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING

Pharmacists form a widely accessible group of primary care practitioners who can effectively manage minor diseases and conditions and some emergency situations. Initial-access

May 14, 2012

CLINICAL PHARMACY ASSIGNMENT 2 ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING prescribing occurs when a patient approaches a pharmacist for advice and treatment of minor conditions, for information about health promotion, and in emergency or urgent situations. A prescription by a physician is an official form of communication between prescriber and pharmacist. It indicates to the pharmacist that the prescriber has at least engaged in part of rationale therapy process and is assuming responsibility for the therapy prescribed. Pharmacists also have prescribing previlages. The pharmacist has a primary role in medication prescribing by providing :PATIENT CARE:- Pharmacists are to fully implement direct patient care, every pharmacist should have the authority to maximize the use of their extensive drug knowledge by prescribing drugs. PHARMACY SERVICES:- This includes providing relevant drug information, recommendations for optimized medication management by conducting medication assessments MEDICATION CONSULTATION:- Begins with a pharmacists assessment of the patients signs, symptoms, history, and precipitating factors to determine if the disease or condition requires treatment. REVIEW OF PRESCRIPTION:- During the process of reviewing a prescription, a pharmacist may identify a problem with a prescription written by another healthcare professional. MODIFY A PRE-EXISTING PRESCRIPTION:-To improve the overall outcomes of drug therapy, the pharmacist may modify the pre-existing prescription, thus supporting safe and effective medication use. Such modifications may include alteration of the formulation, dose, regimen, or duration of therapy, or they may involve therapeutic interchange, with the general goal of providing patient-centred care. PROTECT PATIENT CONFIDENTIALITY:- Pharmacists are expected to protect the confidentiality of patient information, as required by ethical obligations. COMPREHENSIVE MEDICATION MANAGEMENT:- Comprehensive medication management for a known diagnosis may include the following steps: Selecting appropriate drug therapy according to patient-specific factors; Prescribing drug therapy, Initiating a monitoring plan, Modifying therapy on the basis of ongoing assessments, and Discontinuing therapy if deemed appropriate. It may also involve referral to other members of the collaborative team if necessary to achieve the best possible outcomes for patients. Pharmacists working in a collaborative setting with other members of the healthcare team are in an ideal position to be responsible for the ongoing management of patients drug therapy. The May 14, 2012

CLINICAL PHARMACY ASSIGNMENT 3 ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING achievement of optimal patient outcomes requires that prescribing be done safely and responsibly.

RATIONALE DISPENSING
Rationale dispensing is a process by which a drug is prepared according to the prescription and formularies. It involves preparation ,packaging and sales of drugs. Dispensing is to ensure that an effective form of the correct drug is delivered to the right patient, in the prescribed dosage and quantity with clear instruction, and in a package that maintains the potency of the drug.

STEPS IN DISPENSING:Dispensing a prescription involves following stages:Receipt of prescription and clinical check. Creation of label Medicines assembly Accuracy check Storage of dispensed medicines. Medicine collection and final accuracy check. Patient counselling.

ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE DISPENSING

Pharmacist is an authorized person to dispense prescription based on prescribers order.Pharmacist is involved in procurement, distribution, rational and informed use of

drugs. They provide an interface between the duties of prescription and selling medicines and in doing so; they dispose of any perceived or potential conflict of interest between these two functions. The pharmacist can play a very important role in rectifying the problems in assuring the availability .affordability, quality and rational use of dispensed drugs.
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The pharmacist plays the following role in medication dispensing:Maintenance of records on what drugs and products have been issued

CLINICAL PHARMACY ASSIGNMENT 4 ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING

Maintenance by the pharmacy department of a daily list of drugs in stock to inform prescribers which drugs are available thereby ensuring that only these drugs are prescribed. How to take the medicine (chewed, swallowed whole taken with plenty of water ) .Correctly interpret any abbreviations used by the prescriber Confirm that the doses prescribed are in the normal range for the patient (noting gender and age ) Correctly perform any calculation of dose and issue quantity Identify any common drug-drug interactions Record the action taken Issue medicine to the patient with clear instruction and advice . When to take the medicine (particularly in relation to food and other medicines) . How to store and care for the medicine Collect a container for medicine if extemporaneously prepared and ensure it is sterilized. Medicines should always be issued in appropriate containers and labelled. Check medicine expiry date. Label the package clearly with the patients name, date, name of the item, quantity dispensed, and written instructions for the patient. Educating the patient by means of effective verbal and written communication with the patient Development of treatment plan with recognition of patients normal pattern of activities Monitoring therapy Patient motivation and satisfaction. Patients belief play a large role, compliance increases when patients perceive that therapy will be effective and that the
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benefits of therapy outweigh the cost. EXCELLENT COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS AND EDUCATION OF MEDICINES TO PATIENTS IS THE KEY TO RATIONALE USE OF MEDICINES.

CLINICAL PHARMACY ASSIGNMENT 5 ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONALE PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING

Pharmacists have a central role in contributing to and ensuring the rationale use of medicines. Pharmacy practice is now patient-centered and includes the function of counselling, providing drug information and monitoring the drug therapy. Hence, proper role and involvement of a pharmacist in safe use of medicines and overall health care becomes very crucial. Pharmacist helps in achieving the goal of rational use of drugs by following good pharmacy practices.Thus we can conclude that promoting the rational use of medicines results in improved quality of life for the patient in particular and for the community in general.

May 14, 2012