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Sound insulation

Introduction Since this research involves sound insulation parameter, a brief literature reviews on sound insulation has been carried out in this chapter. Why sound insulation

Although a much intention has been given to deaden the noise impact on the floor systems, there is still having an issue regarding the performance of insulation especially on lightweight material. Sound insulation is a complex issue where the ranges of frequency are varied. Hence, the exposure has becomes more unpredictable. In spite of that, human comfort hearing sense is between 55 to 60dB (Bronzaft, 2010). Usually the range of unwanted sound is more than that. Indeed, quality of speech communication has becomes prime concern. Being able to listen clearly without having any unpleasant sound is an essential need. If the noise level goes higher than that, probably qualities of speech communication were decreased.

Noise transmitted trough floor system into a building significantly can trigger annoyance and noise disturbance to the occupants. Due to the combination of direct and flanking sound passing through various part of building element, it makes level of background noise increases drastically. In fact, the range of noise generated into a building element is varied. Noise from footsteps, slamming of doors, moving furniture and dropping of an object on the floor above can generate unpleasant sound to the rooms below. Usually sound transmission loss is used to describe noise reduction and it depends on frequency. The higher sound transmission loss, the less unwanted sound can be heard.

Sound insulation principle

Sound insulation has becomes prime concern in insulating unwanted sound in a building. By principle, according to Warring (1983) sound insulation can be described as a sound sources located in one volume generates a sound level and separated from another volume by a panel of sound insulating material of area, with a sound transmission coefficient. The observer, in the second volume then received a lower sound pressure level. The difference being the result of sound passing through the insulating material. It can be conclude that unwanted sound generated from direct and flanking sound passing through various part of building element can easily isolated if using a proper sound insulation material.

Factor affecting sound insulation

There are varies in term of factor that affect sound insulation in a building. In order to cater occupants comfort form unwanted sound, few suggestion that can be used to isolate a building such as;

1.

increasing the mass per unit area of the materials on each side of the wall or floor. The greater the weight per unit area, the better the sound insulation.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

eliminating all solid connections between each face of the wall or floor increasing the cavity depth increasing the thickness of the sound-absorbing material in the cavity. increasing the distance between studs or joists increasing the distance between resilient metal channels

Despite of types of material and installation aspect, activities in an indoor environment also influences how sound well isolated in a building. Some of the factors above are more important than others. Some may be insignificant in certain types of construction. The type of sound-absorbing material sometimes has an effect on the sound insulation and sometimes it does not. The algorithms take these factors into account and give predictions of sound ratings for common wall and floor constructions that satisfy the important requirements above.

Since this study merely focuses on lightweight timber floor system, therefore most of the reviews on sound insulation beneath floor system were emphasized on this kind of floor system.

Several design of Lightweight Timber Floor Systems and its insulation

Due to the enhancement of building material technologies, the design has becomes varied. Floor is one of the building materials that differ in term of properties and sound insulation. And each of the system has their own acoustic performance. Intensive studies regarding noise impact on floor has been done for many years. Bare floor is known as a typical floor system which consists of single layer without fixed with any proper insulation. The application mainly focuses on the low cost building which totally emphasized on costing factor rather than performances. Previous studies that had done by various researchers discovered that single layer of floor system might convey a noise impact problem beneath indoor

environment. In fact, noise generated by the impact noise cause by the footsteps, slamming of doors, moving furniture and dropping of an object on the floor significantly impede quality of speech communication. Building bulletin 1993 or BB93 (2006) reported that Basic timber floor consisting of 15 mm floorboards on 150-200 mm wooden joists, plaster or plasterboard ceiling fixed to joists has been found that the Ln,w (dB) value of this floor system is 80-85dB. Even though it covered by floor covering, it still generated a higher level of sound inside a building. In spite of that hollow floor system is another types of floor that consist of two layer of floorboard fixed to resilient bars on underside of joists. The Ln,w (dB) value that can obtained from this kind of floor system is between 6570dB (BB93, 2004). Form this viewpoit it can be summarised that hollow floor system can insulated a building in the range of 15-20dB. Therefore by having some adjustment in term of air gap, it can provided more sound insulation compare to the bare floor system. A proper sound insulation might convey a good environment in an indoor environment. Sound insulation material is one of the best approached to deaden unwanted sound passing through building element. BB93, (2004) has done a series of impact sound insulation for some typical floor and ceiling construction. BB93 added by adding mineral wool in floor construction, it can reduces in the range of 3035dB compare to bare floor system. With a proper sound insulation, it can trigger a condusive environment which totally can increases comfort level inside a building. Therefore, to be more efficient and precise in term of floor acoustic design a series of sound impact insulation has been measured on several design of lightweight timber floor system finished with several types of floor coverings. Since the usage of light weight building material in current construction practices were increases, a proper sound insulation is needs in order to provide a desirable degree of sound attenuation in particular to airborne and structural borne sound passing through building element.

References A.L Bronzaft and L. Hangler (2010). Noise: The Invisible Pollutant that cannot be ignored: Emerging Environmental Technologies Vol.II. Earth and Environmental Science, Pages 75-96. Department for Education and Skills. Acoustic design of Schools. DfES Building Bulletin 93. London, The Stationery Office, 2004. Warring, R.H (1983). Handbook of noise and vibration control, 5th edition. Trade and Technical Press LTD, England.

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