Aim: To investigate the relationship between the distance between the torch and the wooden block and

the size of shadow. Apparatus & Material: Torch, wooden block, screen, ruler Hypothesis: [SPS 11: Making hypotheses(integrated science process skills)] When the distance between an object and the light source decrease, the size of the shadow increase.

Controlling Variables: [SPS 10: Controlling Variables(integrated science process skills)] a) Manipulated variable: The distance between the torch and the wooden block b) Responding variable: The size/height of shadow c) Constant/Fixed variable: Type of light source/size of object/height of object Procedures: .(SMS1: Use and handle science apparatus and substances,SMS2: storing science apparatus and materials proplerly,SMS2: storing science apparatus and material properly and safely)

1.We work in group. 2.A wooden block was placed in front of the screen 3.The torch was switch on. 4.The shape and size of the shadow cast by the wooden block were observed:[ SPS 1: Observing(basic science process skills)] 5.The torch was placed closer to the wooden block(15 cm). 6.The shape and the size of the shadow cast by the wooden block were observed and recorded:[ SPS 1: Observing(basic science process skills)]

7.The torch was placed further from the wooden block(45 cm). 8.The size of the shadow cast by the wooden block was observed and recorded.:[ SPS 1: Observing(basic science process skills)]

Results & Observation: [ SPS 6: Communicating (basic science process skills)] 1.When the torch is switch on, a shadow is formed.

2.When the torch is placed nearer to the wooden block. the size of the shadow increase. 3.When the torch is placed further from the wooden block, the size of the shadow decrease. The distance between the torch and the wooden block (cm) 15 30 The size of the shadow (cm)/ The height of shadow 22 42

45 72 [ SPS 3: Measuring and using number(basic science process skills)]

Discussion: 1.What will happen to the size of the shadow when the distance between an object and the light source decrease? [SPS 8: Interpreting Data (integrated science process skills)] When the distance between an object and the light source decrease, the size of the shadow increase. 2.State two variable that was kept the same(constant variable) in the investigation. (a) The type of the light source (b) The size of the object

3.What will happen to the size of the shadow, if the wooden block is placed further from the torch? [SPS 8: Interpreting Data (integrated science process skills)] The size of the shadow will decrease. Conclusion: The further the distance between the light source and the object is, the smaller the size of the shadow will be.