Dr Suhazeli Abdullah FMS KK Marang Sempena Kursus SPSS dalam HSR

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Inferential Analysis Statistic with SPSS

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Kursus SPSS dalam HSR JKNT 2012 1

Which Test?
Characterization of Variables to be tested First Variable Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Second Variable Dichotomous (Unpaired) Students t-test / TIndependent Test Appropriate Test of Significance g

Dichotomous (Paired) Paired t-test Nominal (Qualitative) Continuous ANOVA Pearson correlation coefficient Linear regression Mann Whitney U test M Whit t t

Ordinal O di l Ordinal

Dichotomous Di h t (Unpaired)

Dichotomous (Paired) Wilcoxon sign rank ( ) g Kruska-Wallis test

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Which Test?
Characterization of Variables to be tested First Variable Ordinal Second Variable Ordinal Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) Kendall correlation coefficient (tau) (ta ) Group the continuous variable and calculate rho or tau or chisquare Chi-square or Fisher exact test McNemar chi-square test Chi-square test Chi-square test
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Appropriate Test of Significance

Ordinal

Continuous

Dichotomous Dichotomous Dichotomous Nominal

Dichotomous ( p (Unpaired) ) Dichotomous (Paired) Nominal Nominal

 One sample t test (Ho:=6 mmol/L?) 6 l/L?) Comparing 2 means Independent t test (Ho:1=2) Comparing >2 means One way ANOVA (Ho:1=2=3) Comparing Pre-& Post- means Paired t test (Ho:difference=0)

 Correlation (Ho:Rho=0) Simple linear regression C Comparing proportion ( i ti (association) i ti ) Chi-square test (Ho:P1=P2=.)

File name: Step 1 Use explore if normality should be checked (n<30) Step 2 Analyze Compare Means One-sample T Test.. Move the desired numerical variable(s) () into Test Variable (s) box Set desired Test value Ok
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How to analyze.

Output 1: p

p = 0.000 (<0.001) There is significant different of mean age of respondents from 50 years old. The mean age of respondent was lower than 50 years old. We are 95% confidence that the different of mean i th l ti i b t 2 84 t 1 3

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 p = 0.000 (<0 001) 0 000 (<0.001) There is significant different of mean age of respondents from 50 years old. The mean age of respondent was lower than 50 years old. We are 95% confidence that the different of mean age in the population is between -2.84 to -1.3.

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Step 1 Analyze Descriptive Statistics Crosstabs.. Move each categorical variable to row and column box Click statistics button and check the Chi-square option, and Continue Perhaps you may click cells button and check desired options, and Continue OK

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 To know ass between passive smoking and SGA

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Smoking * SGA Crosstabulation SGA Smoking No Passive Total Count % within Smoking Count % within Smoking Count % within Smoking g Normal 41 67.2% 67 42.9% 108 49.8% 9 8% SGA 20 32.8% 89 57.1% 109 50 % 50.2% Total 61 100.0% 156 100.0% 217 100.0% 00 0%

Chi-Square Tests Value 10.328b 9.380 9 380 10.488 df 1 1 1 Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .001 .002 002 .001 Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association A i ti N of Valid Cases

.002 10.280 217 1 .001

.001

a. Computed only for a 2x2 table b. b 0 cells ( 0%) have expected count less than 5 The minimum expected count is 30 (.0%) 5. 30. 36.
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 Ini menunjukkan bahawa dikalangan perokok pasif, peratus SGA lebih tinggi iaitu 57.1% berbanding dengan yang tidak iaitu 32.8%. Dari jadual seterusnya, nilai chi square ialah 10.328 dan nilai p ialah 0.001. Maka terbukti ada hubungan antara perokok pasif dan kejadian SGA

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 Jadual 1: Jadual kontigensi menunjukkan hubungan antara risiko rokok dengan kejadian SGA.

Normal Kumpulan Tidak merokok Perokok pasif Jumlah

X2 = 10.328, p = 0.001

SGA 20 89 109

Jumlah 61 156 217

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41 67 108

 Sekiranya da a jadua 2x2, ada nilai sel jangkaan yang Se a ya dalam jadual , a se ja g aa ya g kurang dari 5, maka nilai p dan nilai X2 yang dibaca ialah nilai p di baris CONTINUITY CORRECTION. Ianya adalah serupa seperti kiraan Yates Correction Tetapi Correction. sekiranya saiz sampel lebih kecil iaitu kurang dari 40, maka nilai yang dibaca ialah nilai p dan nilai 2 pada baris Fishers' Exact Test. Test

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Chi-Square Tests Chi S T t Value 10.328b 9.380 10.488 10 488 df 1 1 1 Asymp. Sig. ( (2-sided) ) .001 .002 .001 001 Exact Sig. ( (2-sided) ) Exact Sig. ( (1-sided) )

Pearson Chi-Square a Continuity Correction Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases

.002 10.280 217 1 .001

.001

a. Computed only for a 2x2 table b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 30. 1 36.

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File name: sga.sav Step 1 Use explore if normality should be checked (n<30) explore Step 2 Analyze Compare Means Independent Samples TT t M Test.. Move the desired numericall variable(s) iinto th d i d i i bl ( ) t Test Variable (s) box Move the categorical variable (which describes the 2 g ( groups) into p) Grouping Variable box Click Define groups button to define 2 groups then continue and Ok Ok
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How t analyze. H to l

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How to analyze analyze.

0= No SGA 1= SGA

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Group Statistics SGA Normal SGA N 108 109 Mean 58.666 50.657 50 657 Std. Deviation 11.2302 10.3512 10 3512 Std. Error Mean 1.0806 .9915 9915

Weight at first ANC

Independent Samples Test Levene's T t for L ' Test f Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 5.1193 5.1181 10.8984 10.8996

F Weight at first ANEqual variances assumed Equal variances not assumed t d .787

Sig. .376

t 5.463 5.461

df 215 213.251

Mean Std. Error Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Difference .000 .000 8.0089 8.0089 1.4660 1.4665

Levenes test result: As its P value is more than 0.05, variances of 2 groups are different. So that we can use equal variance assumed line result. If p<0.05 please use equal variance no assumed line result p<0 05 equal assumed result.
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Tulis dalam llaporan T li d l

Kumpulan p Normal SGA

N 108 109

Min 58.67 + 11.32 50.66 + 10.35

Ujian j

Ujian T t = 5.463

<0.0005

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File name: sga-pair.sav Step 1 If we need to check normality (n<30), Step 2 Analyze Compare Means PairedSamples T Test.. Move the desired 2 numerical variable(s) into Paired Variables: Paired Variables: box then Ok
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How to analyze.

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Descriptive statistics of each variable

Paired Samples Statistics Mean 10.247 10.594 N 70 70 Std. Deviation .3566 .9706 Std. Error Mean .0426 .1160

Pair 1

hb2 hb3

Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence Interval of the I t l f th Difference Lower Upper -.5766 -.1177

Pair 1

hb2 - hb3

Mean -.3471

Std. Deviation .9623

Std. Error Mean .1150

t -3.018

df 69

Sig. (2-tailed) .004

Mean of (hypnosis-natural state) score is significantly more than zero.

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Kumpulan

mean 0.347 + 0.96 0 96

Test

Hb sebelum 70 rawatan t Hb selepas rawatan

Paired T 0.004 Test T t T= 3.018

Wujud perbezaan paras hemoglobin sebelum dan selepas intervensi yang significant i i i ifi
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File name: sga.sav Step 1 Use explore if normality should be checked (n<30) Step 2 Analyze Compare Means One way ANOVA.. Move the desired numerical variable(s) into Dependent list: box Move the categorical Dependent list: variable (which describes groups) into Factor box Click Options button and check Descriptive and Homogeneity-of-variance continue Homogeneity of variance option continue and Ok

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Step 3 If ANOVA is significant, you should do Post-Hoc tests (Click Post Hoc button Select one of the post hoc tests e.g. Scheffe Continue Ok

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How to analyze.

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How to analyze.

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Descriptives Birth weight 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound Upper Bound 2.6955 2.8647 2.5035 2 5035 3.0252 3 0252 2.6757 3.0102 2.7193 2.8629 2.7191 2.8631 2.6339a 2.9483a BetweenComponent Variance

N Housewife Office work Field work Total Model 151 23 44 218 Fixed Effects Random Effects

Mean 2.7801 2.7643 2 7643 2.8430 2.7911

Std. Deviation .52623 .60319 60319 .55001 .53754 .53938

Std. Error .04282 .12577 12577 .08292 .03641 .03653 .03653a

Minimum 1.90 1.60 1 60 1.90 1.60

Maximum 4.72 3.96 3 96 3.79 4.72

-.00420

a. Warning: B t a W i Between-component variance is negative. It was replaced b 0 0 i computing thi random effects measure. t i i ti l d by 0.0 in ti this d ff t

ANOVA Birth weight Sum of Squares .153 62.550 62.703 df 2 215 217 Mean Square .077 .291 F .263 Sig. .769

Between Groups Within Groups Total

Tidak wujud perbezaan bermakna diantara jenis pekerjaan dengan berat kelahiran bayi. y Jika wujud, maka kita kena lihat kumpulan mana satu melalui post-hoc LSD
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Post-hoc LSD P th

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Birth weight LSD Mean Difference (I-J) .01572 -.06289 06289 -.01572 -.07861 .06289 .07861

(I) Type of work Housewife Office work Field work

(J) Type of work Office work Field work Housewife Field work Housewife Office work

Std. Error .12073 .09240 09240 .12073 .13878 .09240 .13878

Sig. .897 .497 497 .897 .572 .497 .572

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound -.2222 .2537 -.2450 2450 .1192 1192 -.2537 .2222 -.3522 .1949 -.1192 .2450 -.1949 .3522

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Kumpulan Pekerja Pejabat SRT Kerja Luar K j L

Min 2.67 + 0.60

Ujian

2.78 + 0.53 Anova 0.769 F=0.263 2.84 0.55 2 84 + 0 55

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Does 2 variables assoc a ed? oes a ab es associated? Direction (-ve/+ve)? How strong?

r>0.75 r>0 75 very good/perfect correlation r>0.50 - <0.75 moderate/good l ti correlation r>0.25 - <0.50 fair correlation r<0.25 (little or no correlation)

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File name: recall score Step 1 Graphs Scatter Simple Move 2 Scatter variables into Y axis (Dependent*) and X axis (Independent ) (Independent*) Ok Ok [*If there is a direction of relationship] Step 1 Analyze Correlate Bivariate Move 2 variables into Variables: box Check Pearson or Spearman Ok

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How to analyze.
blood cholestrol level in mmol/l m

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3 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

diet score reflecting the content of cholestrol

4 -There is a linear relationship between 2 variables. Positive -Positive correlation -If diet score increase, blood cholesterol level will increase.
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How to analyze.

1 2

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Output 5:

P-value r

We conclude that in the population, there is a linear correlation between diet score and blood cholesterol level (p<0.001). Our sample suggests that there is a good positive linear correlation between diet score and blood cholesterol level (r=0.666). It means that, if the diet score is increased, the blood cholesterol level will be increased. h l t l l l ill b i d
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 We conclude that in the population, there is a linear correlation between diet score and blood cholesterol level (p<0.001). Our sample suggests that there is a good positive linear correlation between diet score and blood cholesterol level (r=0.666). It means that, if the diet score is increased, the blood that increased cholesterol level will be increased.

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 Does 2 variables associated? Direction (-ve/+ve)? ( ve/+ve)? How strong? Strength of association

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File name: recall score Step 1 As above Step 1 Analyze Regression Linear Move 2 variables into Regression Dependent and Independent boxes Click the Statistics button Check Confidence Intervals Continue Ok

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How to

blood cholestrol level in mmol/l m

Double analyze. click on the graph 3

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3 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

diet score reflecting the content of cholestrol

4 6

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How to analyze.

It is linear and probably both normality & equal variance assumptions are satisfied q p
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How to analyze.
2 1

3 4

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Output 7: p

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 We conclude that in the population, there is a linear correlation between diet score and blood cholesterol level (p<0.001). Our sample suggests that the linear relationship can be interpreted as.. Blood cholesterol level=3.25 + (0.074*diet score). It means that if the diet scores higher by 100 units, the blood cholesterol level will be increased by 7 4 units. i d b 7.4 it We are 95% sure that the population beta will lie b t ill li between 0.062 and 0.085. 0 062 d 0 085
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 We conclude that in the population, there is population a linear correlation between diet score and b ood c o es e o e e (p<0.001). blood cholesterol level (p 0.00 ). Our sample suggests that the linear relationship can be interpreted as as.. Blood cholesterol level=3.25 + (0.074*diet score). score) It means that if the diet scores higher by 100 units, units the blood cholesterol level will be increased by 7.4 units. W are 95% sure that the population beta We th t th l ti b t will lie between 0.062 and 0.085.
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chol(pred.)=7.30 + (0.3*age) - (.54*exercise) + (.39*diet)

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 There is a significant linear relationship between diet inventory index and cholesterol level (p<.001). Those with 1 unit more in the index, have cholesterol level higher for 0.39 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.29, 0.50 mmol/L) 0 29 0 50 mmol/L). With the 3 significant variables, the model explains 69% of variables variation of the blood cholesterol level in the sample (R2=0.69)

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Thank you y