MECHANIC

MATHEMATICS
B.SC
VIRTUAL WORK
MECHANIC
BY:
International Islamic University
V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e | 1

IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 1

MECHANIC (B.SC MATHEMATICS)
"VIRTUAL WORK"

Particle , .,.:_ , . ' 1|:as| ' constraint chapter -
;Thrust _ negative ; .,. : : , Rigid, :. . ,,.::
Positive _
If a particle is moving down on an inclined pl ane, then constraint on it s moti on i s
its contact wit h plane. Any di splacement al ong t he plane is consi stent wit h t he
const rai nt . If t he force does no virt ual work t hen t he constraint i s cal l ed
workl ess.
For Si ngle Particle:
A parti cle subjected to workless constraint is i n equilibrium iff
zero virtual work done by the applied force in any arbitrary i nfini tesi mal
displacement consistent with t he constraint.
Proof:
Let the total force acti ng on the particle be F, As t he particl e is i n
equili brium so F = 0. Let F
a
and F
c
be the applied and constraint forces acti ng on
the particle then, F
a
+F
c
=0. Let r be any arbitrary infi nitesi mal di splacement
consistent wit h the constraint then . 0
a c
F F r . As constraint are workl ess so
. . 0
a c
F r F r as constraint are workless, then . 0
c
F r then . 0
a
F r .
For set of particl e:
A set of particles subjected to a workless constraint, is in
equili brium iff zero virt ual work is done by applied force in any arbi trary
infini tesi mal displacement consistent with the constraints.
Proof:
Let
1 2 3
, , ..............
n
m m m m be the particl es. Let total force acting on
i
m be the
&
ia ic
F F . As the parti cle are in equilibrium so + 0
ia ic
F F , i= 1, 2, 3. . . . . . .. . .. . . Let
i
r
be any arbitrary i nfini tesi mal displ acement of
i
m , then total work done by all forces
acting on the particles is
1
.
n
ia ic i
i
F F r

=0. Then
1 1
. . 0
n n
ia i ic i
i i
F r F r



As constraint
forces are workl ess, since 0 r so
1
. 0
n
ia i
i
F r

.
For rigi d Body:
A set of ri gid body subjected t o a workless constraint is in
equili brium iff zero virtual work is done by applied forces and applied torque in
any arbit rary infini tesi mal displacement consistent wi th the constraint.
V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 2

Proof:
As any system of forces acting on ri gi d body can be reduced to a si ngl e
force and single couple. Let "R" be t he single force and "G" be the moment of
single couple. As body is in equili bri um so R= 0, and G=0 further 0
a c
R R and
0
a c
G G where R
a
and R
c
are t he tot al applied and constraint forces. Si milarly G
a

and G
c
be the t otal applied t orques and torque of constraints. Let & r be any
arbitrary infinit esi mal linear and angular displ acement consistent with the
constraints.
. 0
a c
R R r And . 0
a c
G G
Exampl e#01:
A Particle of mass 20lb is suspended by a force of magnitude x lbs,
which make an angle of 30

wit h the incli ned pl ane of i nclination 60

. Find "x" and

also the reaction of the pl ane on the particle?

Sol uti on:
Let r be the i nfinitesi mal di splacement al ong the pl ane. As the syst em is
in equili brium. By applying principle of vi rtual work, we have


30 20 60 0 xCos r Sin r


3 3
x 20 20
2 2
x lbs
Again consider s be the displacement al ong line perpendicul ar to the plane.
As system is in equilibrium so by applying the p. v. w we have,


20 60 30 R Cos xSin

Where x = 20 l bs
So, R = 20 lb


V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 3

Exampl e #02:
A li ght thin rod, 12 ft long, can turn in a vert ical pl ane about one of its poi nts
which is at tached to a pi vot. If wei ghts of 3 lbs and 4 lbs are suspended from i ts ends,
it rests in a horizontal positi on. Find the positi on of the pi vot and its reaction on the
rod.
Sol uti on:

Let "x" be the dist ance of pi vot from end A. Let " " be infinitesi mal angul ar
displacement of the rod. As the rod is i n equili brium. So by applying p. v. w,
We have 3 4 12 0 x x

3 48 4 0 x x ,
6
6
7
x ft
Let " r " be the infini tesi mal displacement along the direct ion of reaction. As system
is in equil ibri um so by applyi ng p. v. w,
. 3 4 0, R=7 R r r r lbs


Exampl e #03:
Four equal uniform rods are smoothl y j ointed t o form a rhombus ABCD,
which is placed i n a vertical plane with AC vertical and A resting on a horizontal
plane. The rhombus is kept i n shape, with the measure of angle BAC equal to , by a
li ght string joining B and D. Find the t ension i n the string.
Sol uti on:
Four equal uniform rods each of l engt h l and wei ght w are freel y jointed to
form rhombus with A fixed in horizont al. Angle BA

C =0. Shape of rhombus is kept

joining B and D by a string.
Hei ght of C. G of rod AB and AD =
I
2
Cos(0)
Hei ght of C. G of rod BC and CD =
3
2
lCos(0)
Length of String BD = 2l Sin(0)
Applyi ng pri ncipl e of Virt ual Work,

V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f
4



2wo _
l
2
Cos(0)_ 2wo _
S
2
lCos(0)_ Io(2lSin(0)) = u
2w_
l
2
Sin(0)_o0 2w_
S
2
lSin(0)_o0 I(2lCos(0))o0 = u
so I = 2wton(0)

Exampl e# 04:
A heavy elastic string whose nat ural length is 2no, is placed round a
smooth cone whose axi s is vert ical and whose semi-vertical angle has measure o. If
W be the wei ght and l the modulus of string, prove that it will be in equili brium
when in the form of a ci rcle of radius o(1 +
w
2nl
Cot(o))?
Sol uti on:
A heavy elastic string of natural l engt h 2no is placed on a smooth cone,
whose axis is vertical and semi -vertical angle is . And l is the modulus of st ring.
Let "x" be the radius of stri ng when placed on the cone then
I = l(
2nx-2nu
2nu
)

Applyi ng pri ncipl e of virt ual work
woy Io(2nx) = u, woy l [
x o
o
2nox = u
Or,
uw
2n l
6
6x
= x o onJ o +
uw
2n l
Cot(o) = x
x = o(1 +
wCot(u)
2n l
)

V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e |
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IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 5

Exampl e# 05:
Si x equal rods AB, BC, CD, DE, EF and FA are each of wei ght W and
are freel y joint ed at their extremiti es so as to form a hexagon. The rod AB is fixed in
a horizontal position and the middl e points of AB and DE are jointed by a stri ng.
Prove that its tension i s 3W?
Sol uti on:
Si x equal uniform rods of length l and wei ght s W are freely joi nted to
form a hexagonal. Rod AB is fi xed in horizontal position. Mid points of AB and DE
are joined by a stri ng.
Depth of C. G of AF and BC =
I
2
Sin(0)
Depth of C. G of CD and EF =
3
2
lSin(0)
Depth of C. G of DE = 2l Sin(0)
Length of string = 2l Sin(0)
By applying pri nciple of virtual work

2wo _
l
2
Sin(0)_ + 2wo _
S
2
l Sin(0)_ +wo(2l Sin(0) Io(2l Sin(0)) = u
w_
l
2
Cos(0)_o0 +2w_
S
2
l Cos(0)_o0 + w(2lCos(0))o0 I(2lCos(0))o0 = u
6w = 2I tcn I = 2w

Exampl e# 06:
A wei ght less tripod, consist ing of three legs of equal lengt h l, smoothly
jointed at the vertex, stands on a smoot h horizontal pl ane. A wei ght W hangs from the
apex. The tri pod is prevent ed from coll apsing by three i nextensible stri ngs, each of
length l/ 2, joini ng the mi d-poi nts of legs. Show that tensi on in each string is
2
33
w
Sol uti on:
V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e | 6

IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 6

Three equal uniform rods of length l are freely joi nted to form a tripod which i s
placed on smooth pl ane. Mid points of rods are jointed by three i next ensi bl e strings
each of length l/2. A wei ght W hangs from the apex.
Hei ght of pt of appl icat ion of W = l Cos(o)
Hei ght of the rod DG =
I
2
Sin(o), Hei ght of rod DH = 0 Cos(o) =
3
2
I
2
Sin(o)
Hei ght of rod DE = lcngt o string = 2 E

=
3
2
l Sin(o)
By applying pri nciple of virtual work,


wo(lCos(o)) SIo _
S
2
l Sin(o)_ = u
wlSin()oo
SS
2
IlCos(o)oo = u
I =
2w
SS
tan (o)
As lengt h of stri ng is =
I
2
=
3
2
l Sin() wcrc Sin =
1
3
, tan=
1
2

So, I =
2w
33
1
2
=
2w
33


V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e | 7

IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 7

Exerci se # 6
Questi on # 01:
A uniform ladder rests with its upper end against a smooth vert ical wall and it s foot
on rough horizontal ground. Show that the force of frict ion at the ground is
1
2
wton(o),
where W is wei ght of the ladder and o is its inclination with the verti cal.
Sol uti on:
A uniform rod of length "l" and wei ght "W" rests wi th end A on a rough
horizontal ground and end B on a smooth vertical wall. Inclination of t he ladder with
the verti cal is o,

By applying pri nciple of virtual work
w[
I
2
Sin(o)oo +F(l Cos(o)oo) = u F =
1
2
wton(o)

Questi on# 02 :
Four equal heavy uniform rods are freely jointed to form a rhombus
ABCD which is freely suspended from A, and kept in shape of a square by an
inextensibl e stri ng connecting A and C. Show that tension in the st ring is 2W, where
W is the wei ght of one rod.
Sol uti on:
Four equal uniform rods each of lengt h "l" and wei ght "W" are freely joi nted
to form a rhombus which is suspended at A. Shape is kept by joi ning A and C by an
inextensibl e stri ng AC,
Depth of C. G of rods AB and AD =
I
2
Cos(0)
Depth of C. G of rods BC and CD =
3
2
lCos
Length of String = 2lCos
By applying pri nciple of virtual work
V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e | 8

IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 8



( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 0
2 2
l
w Cos w lCos T lCos o u o u o u
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 0
2 2
l
w Sin w lSin T lSin u ou u ou u ou
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

2 T W =

Questi on# 03:
Si x equal uniform rods AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, FA, each of wei ght "W"
are freel y joint ed to form a regul ar hexagon. The rod AB is fixed in a hori zont al
positi on, and the shape of the hexagon is maint ained by a li ght rod joining C and F.
Show that the thrust in the rod is 3W .
Sol uti on:
Six equal uniform rods each of length "l" and wei ght "W" are freely joi nted
to form a regular hexagon, with rod AB fixed in horizont al position. C and F are
joined by a li ght rod to mai ntain t he shape.
Hei ght of C. G of the rod' s BC and AF = ( )
2
u
l
Sin
Hei ght of C. G of the rod' s CD and EF = ( )
3l
Sin
2
u
Hei ght of C. G of the rod' s DE = ( ) 2lSin u , Lengt h of rod CF = ( ) 2 l lCos u +
By applying pri nciple of virtual work

V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 9

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 2 0
2 2
l
w Sin w lSin w lSin T l lCos o u o u o u o u
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 2 0
2 2
l
w Cos w lCos w lCos T lSin u ou u ou u ou u ou
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

1
3 3
3
T w w
| |
= =
|
\ .


Questi on# 04:
A hexagon ABCDEF, consisting of six equal heavy rods, of wei ght w,
freely jointed toget her, hangs in a verti cal plane with AB horizontal, and t he frame is
kept in the form of a regular hexagon by a li ght rod connecting t he mid-points of CD
and EF. Show t hat the t hrust i n the li ght rod is 2 3w?
Sol uti on:
Depth of C. G of rod' s BC and AF = ( )
2
l
Sin u
Depth of C. G of rod' s CD and EF = ( )
3
2
lSin u
Depth of C. G of rod' s DE = ( ) 2lSin u , length of rod GH = ( ) l lCos u +
By applying pri nciple of virtual work


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 0
2 2
l
w Sin w lSin w lSin T l lCos o u o u o u o u
| | | |
+ + + + =
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 0
2 2
l
w Cos w Cos w lCos T lSin u ou u ou u ou u ou
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .

1
6 2 3
3
T w w
| |
= =
|
\ .




V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e | 10
IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 10


Questi on# 05:
Three equal rods, each of wei ght "w" are freely j ointed toget her at one
extremity of each to form a t ripod, and rest wit h their ot her ext remi ties on a smooth
horizontal pl ane, each rod incl ined at an angle of measure u to the vert ical,
equili brium being maintained by three equal li ght strings each joining two of t hese
extremities. Prove that the tension in each string is
( )
2 3
tan
w
u

Sol uti on:
Three equal uniform rods each of lengt h "l" and wei ght "W" are freel y jointed
at one end to form a tri pod. The ot her extremi ties are placed on a horizontal pl ane.
Angle of each rod wi th the vertical is u . Extremities are joined by three equal length
strings.
Hei ght of C. G of rods OA, OB, OC = ( )
2
l
Cos u
From fi gure it is cl ear, that ( ) CG lSin u = , ( ) ( )
3
30
2
CH CG Cos lSin u = =
Length of each strings = ( ) 2 3 CH lSin u =
By applying pri nciple of virtual work


( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 0
2
l
w Cos T lSin o u o u
| |
=
|
\ .

( )
2 3
w
T tan u =





V i r t u a l Wo r k P a g e| 11
IIUI | By Kaleem Ari f 11

Questi on# 06:
Si x equal uniform rods freel y joined at their ext remi ties form a
tetrahedron. If this tetrahedron is pl aced with one face on a smooth horizontal table,
prove that the thrust al ong a horizont al rod is
2 6
w
, where w is the wei ght of a rod.
Sol uti on:
Si x equal uniform rods each of length "l" and wei ght "w" are freely j oined to
form a tetrahedron whi ch is placed wit h one face on a smooth horizontal t able. Let u
be the angl e with vertical of each rod.
Hei ght of C. G of rods AD, AB and AC = ( )
2
l
Cos u
From fi gure ( ) DG lSin u = , ( ) ( )
3
30
2
DH DGCos lSin u = =
Length of each horizontal rod i s = ( ) 2 3 DH lSin u =
By applying pri nciple of virtual work


( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 0
2
l
w Cos T lSin o u o u
| |
+ =
|
\ .

( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 0
2
l
w Sin T lCos u ou u ou
| |
+ =
|
\ .

( )
2 3
w
T tan u =
As lengt h of rod = l = ( ) 3lSin u
So,
1
2 3 2 2 6
w w
T
| |
= =
|
\ .




Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI |By Kaleem Ar i f 12
Questi on# 07
Four equal uniform rods, each of wei ght w, are
connected at one end of each by means of a s mooth joint , and the
other ends rest on a smoot h t able and are connect ed by equal strings.
A wei ght W is suspended from t he j oi nt. Show t hat t he t ension i n each
string i s
2 2
2
4
4 2
W w a
l a
+
| |
|
\ .
?
Sol uti on:
Four equal uniform rods OA, OB, OC, and OD each of lengt h
"l" and wei ght "W" are freely joi nt ed at O. The other extremit ies are
placed on a smooth table. Shape is kept by joi ni ng each of t he
extremit ies by four equal length st ri ng (each of length a). A wei ght W
hangs at O. Let u be the angle of each rod wit h t he verti cal.
Hei ght of C. G of OA, OB, OC, and OD = ( )
2
l
Cos u
Hei ght of C. G of wei ght W = ( ) lCos u
From figure, ( ) BG lSin u = , and
( ) ( )
1
45
2
BH BGCos lSin u = =
Length of each st ri ng i s given by = ( ) 2 2 BH lSin u =
By applying principle of vir tual work


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4 4 2 0
2
l
w Cos W lCos T lSin o u o u o u
| |
=
|
\ .

( ) ( )
( )
2
4 2
w W Sin
T
Cos
u
u
+
= =
( )
( )
2
4 2
w W
tan u
+

IIUI |By Kaleem Ar i f
13
As lengt h of string = a = ( )
2lSin u , t herefore ( )
2 2
2
a
tan
l a
u =

By put ti ng thi s value in T, get
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 2 2 4 4 2
a w W a w W a
T
l a l a
+ + | |
= =
|

\ .



Questi on# 08:
Four uniform rods are freely j oint ed at t heir extremit ies
and form a parallelogram ABCD, whi ch is suspended from the j oint A,
and is kept in shape by an i next ensible string AC. Prove t hat t he
tension of t he string i s equal t o half t he whole wei ght .
Sol uti on:
Four uniform rods are freely j oint ed to form a paral lelogram
which is suspended at A. Shape i s kept j oi ning A and C by a string let
1
l and
1
w be the lengt h and weight respect ively of rod AD and BC. Let
2
l and
2
w be the lengt h and weight of rod AB and CD.
Let
1
u be the angle of rod AD and BC wi t h the verti cal and
2
u be the
angle of rods AB and CD wit h t he verti cal.
Depth of C.G of rod AD = ( )
1
1
2
l
Cos u
Depth o f C.G of rod AB = ( )
2
2
2
l
Cos u
Depth of C.G of rod BC = ( ) ( )
1
2 2 1
2
l
l Cos Cos u u +
Depth of C.G of rod CD = ( ) ( )
2
1 1 2
2
l
l Cos Cos u u +
Length of string = ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
l Cos l Cos u u +
By applying principle of vir tual work
Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI |By Kaleem Ar i f
14


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2
0
2 2 2 2
l l l l
w Cos w Cos w l Cos Cos w lCos Cos T lCos l Cos o u o u o u u o u u o u u
| | | | | | | |
+ + + + + + =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
0 w w T l Sin w w T l Sin u ou u ou + + + =
( )
1 2
1
2 2
2
T w w = + , which i s half of whole wei ght.

Questi on# 09:
A string, of length a, form t he shorter diagonal of a
rhombus formed by four uniform rods, each of lengt h b and wei ght W,
which are hinged t oget her. If one of t he rod be supported in a
hori zontal posit ion, Prove t hat t ension in the string is
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
4
W b a
b b a

Sol uti on:
Four equal uniform rods of lengt h "b" and weight "w" are
freely j oint ed to form a rhombus which i s suspended wit h rod AB
fixed in hori zontal posit ion. A stri ng of length "a" for short er
diagonal of rhombus.
Dept h of C.G of rod AD and BC = ( )
2
b
Sin u
Dept h of C.G of rod CD = ( ) bSin u , Dept h of C.G of rod AE=
2
bSin
u
| |
|
\ .

Depth of C.G of rod 2 AE = 2
2
bSin
u
| |
|
\ .

By applyi ng principle of vi rtual work


IIUI |By Kaleem Ar i f
15


( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 0
2 2
b
w Sin w bSin T bSin
u
o u o u o
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2 0
2 2 2
b
w Cos w bCos T bCos
u
u ou u ou ou
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

( )
2
2
wCos
T
Cos
u
u
=
| |
|
\ .

AS length of st ri ng =a = 2
2
bSin
u
| |
|
\ .
and
2 2
a
Sin
b
u
| |
=
|
\ .

Therefore,
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 4
w b a
T
b a

Questi on# 10:
A uniform rod of length 2a rest i n equilibrium agai nst a
smooth verti cal wall and upon a smooth peg at a di stance b from the
wall . Show t hat i n the posit ion of equilibrium, t he beam is incli ned to
the wall at an angle
1
3
1
b
Sin
a

| |
|
\ .
?
Sol uti on:
A uniform rod of length "2a" rest in equi li bri um wi th one end
on a smooth verti cal wal l and support ed at "p" by a peg at a di stance
"b" from t he wall . Let u be t he angle of rod wit h t he wall .
Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI |By Kaleem Ar i f 16
From the figure it i s clear that ( )
b
Sin
AP
u = , and ( ) AP bCsc u =
( ) PG AG AP a bCosec u = =
Hei ght of t he rod above peg = ( ) ( ) ( ) PGCos aCos bCot u u u =
By applyi ng principle of vi rtual work

( ) ( ) ( )
0 w aCos bCot o u u = , and ( ) ( )
2
0 w aSin bCsc u u ou + =
1
3
1
b
Sin
a
u

| |
=
|
\ .


Questi on# 11:
Two equal part icles are connected by t wo gi ven
weight less st ri ngs, whi ch are placed like a necklace on a smooth cone
whose axi s is verti cal and whose vertex is uppermost. Show that the
tension of each string i s
W
Coto
t
, where W i s weight of each parti cle
and 2o the measure of vert ical angle of cone.
Sol uti on:
Two equal part icles each of weight "w" are connect ed by t wo
strings which are placed on a smooth vert ical cone of semi -verti cal
angle" o " li ke a necklace. Let "x" be the radius of ci rcle formed by
the plane of st ri ng i n equi li bri um posit ion and "y" be the depth of
plane from vert ex O'.
From figures
x
tan x ytan
y
o o = =

Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
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IIUI | By kaleem Ari f 17

The total wei ght of bot h the parti cles is "2w". Let "T" be the t ension
in the stri ng. Consider the vi rt ual di spl acement such t hat x changes to
( ) x x o + .
By applying principle of vir tual work
( ) 2 2 0 2 2 0 w y T x w y T x o o t o t o = =
As gi ven that
x
tan ,
y
o = t herefore
y o
2 2 0 2 2
x
w T w T tan
y
o
t t o
o
= = So T=
w
Coto
t


A regular oct ahedron formed of t welve equal rods, each of
weight w, f reely j oi nted toget her is suspended from one corner. Show t hat t he
thrust in each horizont al rod is
3
2
2
w?
Sol uti on:
Twelve equal uniform rods each of length "" and
weight "w" are freel y joi nted t o form a octahedron whi ch is suspended
at O. Let "u" be t he angle of each rod wi th verti cal.
Depth of C.G of rod OA, OB, OC, and OD =
2
Cos

u
Depth of C.G of rods O' A, O'B, O' C, and O'D =
3
2
Cos

u
Question# 12:
Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
| 17

IIUI | By kaleem Ari f 18
Depth of C.G of rods AB, BC, CD, DA = Cos u and from fig,
DG Sin u = ,
( )
45
2
Sin
DH DGCos ,then CD= 2 Sin
u
u = =

By applying principle of vir tual work

( )
( )
3
4 4 4 4 2 0
2 2
w Cos w Cos w Cos T Sin

o u o u o u o u
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .

12 4 2
3 2
wSin TCos , Finally T= w
2
u u =

Questi on# 13:
A rhombus ABCD of s moothly joi nted rods, rests on a
smooth t able wi th the rod BC fi xed in posit ion. The mi ddle point s of
AD, DC are connected by a string whi ch i s kept t aut by a couple G
applied t o t he rod AB. Prove t hat t he tensi on of string i s
2 1
2
G
Cos ABC
AB
| |
|
\ .

Sol uti on:
A rhombus ABCD i s placed on a smooth horizontal t able. Rod
BC i s fixed i n posi ti on. Middle poi nts of AD and CD are j oined by
string. A couple G is applied on t he rod AB t o keep the stri ng ti ght .
Then from fi gure,
2 2
EG Sin
u
= , And length of st ri ng i s 2
2
EG Sin
u
=
By applying principle of vir tual work
Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
| 18

IIUI | By kaleem Ari f 19


0
2
G T Sin
u
ou o
| |
=
|
\ .

1
0
2 2
G T Cos
u
ou ou
| |
=
|
\ .

2
2
G
T
Cos
u

=
( )
2
1
2
G
T
ABCos ABC
=
Vi r t u a l Wo r k P a g e
| 19