Chapter 6-Supplement: Multiple Choice Questions 1. Acceptance sampling a. is the application of statistical techniques to the control of processes b.

was developed by Walter Shewhart of Bell Laboratories c. is used to determine whether to accept or reject a lot of material based on the evaluation of a sample d. separates the natural and assignable causes of variation If a sample of items is measured and the mean of the sample is outside the control limits the process is a. out of control and the cause should be established b. in control, but not capable of producing within the established control limits c. within the established control limits with only natural causes of variation d. monitored closely to see if the next sample mean will also fall outside the control limits Assignable causes a. are not as important as natural causes b. are within the limits of a control chart c. depend on the inspector assigned to the job d. are also referred to as "chance" causes e. are causes of variation that can be identified and removed Control charts for variables are based on data that comes from a. acceptance sampling b. individual items c. averages of small samples d. averages of large samples e. the entire lot The purpose of an x chart is to determine whether there has been a a. gain or loss in uniformity b. change in the percent defective in a sample c. change in the central tendency of the process output d. change in the number of defects in a sample Statistical Process Control charts a. display the measurements on every item being produced b. display upper and lower limits for process variables or attributes, and signal when a process is no longer in control c. indicate to the process operator the average outgoing quality of each lot d. indicate to the operator the true quality of material leaving the process A sample of parts is measured. The mean of this sample is in the middle of the control limits, but some individual parts measure too low for design specifications and other parts measure too high. Which of the following is true? a. The process is out of control, and the cause should be established. b. The process is in control, but not capable of producing within the established control limits. c. The process is within the established control limits with only natural causes of variation. d. The process is outside the established control limits with only natural causes of variation.
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8. Up to three standard deviations above or below centerline is the amount of variation that statistical process control allows for a. Type I errors b. about 95.5% variation c. natural variation d. assignable variation
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The type of inspection that classifies items as being either good or defective is a. variable inspection b. attribute inspection c. fixed inspection d. all of the above The x-bar chart tells us whether there has been a a. gain or loss in dispersion b. change in the percent defective in a sample c. change in the central tendency of the process output d. change in the number of defects in a sample
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11. The mean and standard deviation for a process for which we have a substantial history are x = 120 and = 2. For the variable control chart, a sample size of 16 will be used. What is the mean of the sampling distribution? a. 1/8(0.125) b. 0.5 c. 2 d. 40 e. none of the above 12. Jars of pickles are sampled and weighed. Sample measures are plotted on control charts. The ideal weight should be precisely 11 oz. Which type of chart(s) would you recommend? a. p-charts b. c-charts c. d. 13.

x and R-charts x , but not R-charts

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If x = 23 ounces, = 0.4 ounces, and n = 16, the 3 (i.e. 3-standard deviation) control limits will be: a. 21.8 to 24.2 ounces b. 23 ounces c. 22.70 to 23.30 ounces d. 22.25 to 23.75 ounces The usual purpose of an R-chart is to signal whether there has been a a. gain or loss in dispersion b. change in the percent defective in a sample c. change in the central tendency of the process output d. change in the number of defects in a sample

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15. Plots of sample ranges indicate that the most recent value is below the lower control limit. What course of action would you recommend? a. Since there is no obvious pattern in the measurements, variability is in control. b. One value outside the control limits is insufficient to warrant any action. c. Lower than expected dispersion is a desirable condition; there is no reason to investigate. d. The process is out of control; reject the last units produced. e. Variation is not in control; investigate what created this condition.

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To set x -chart upper and lower control limits, one must know the process central line, which is the a. average of the sample means b. total number of defects in the population c. percent defects in the population d. size of the population According to the text, the most common choice for limits for control charts is usually a. 1 standard deviation b. 2 standard deviations c. 3 standard deviations d. 3 standard deviation for means and 2 standard deviations for ranges Which of the following is true of a p-chart? a. The lower control limit is found by subtracting a fraction from the average number of defects. b. The lower control limit indicates the minimum acceptable number of defects. c. The lower control limit may be below zero. d. The lower control limit may be at zero. The normal application of a p-chart is in a. process sampling by variables b. acceptance sampling by variables c. process sampling by attributes d. acceptance sampling by attributes The statistical process chart used to control the number of defects per unit of output is the a. b. c. d. e.
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x -chart
R-chart p-chart AOQ chart c-chart

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The c-chart signals whether there has been a a. gain or loss in uniformity b. change in the number of defects per unit c. change in the central tendency of the process output d. change in the percent defective in a sample e. change in the AOQ

22. The local newspaper receives several complaints per day about typographic errors. Over a seven-day period, the publisher has received calls from readers reporting the following number of errors: 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 3, and 9. Based on these data alone, what type of control chart(s) should the publisher use? a. p-chart b. c-chart c. -chart d. R-chart e. - and R-charts

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A manufacturer uses statistical process control to control the quality of the firm's products. Samples of 50 of Product A are taken, and a defective/acceptable decision is made on each unit sampled. For Product B, the number of flaws per unit is counted. What type(s) of control charts should be used? a. p-charts for A and B b. p-chart for A, c-chart for B c. c-charts for both A and B d. p-chart for A, mean and range charts for B

24. A nationwide parcel delivery service keeps track of the number of late deliveries (more than 30 minutes past the time promised to clients) per day. They plan on using a control chart to plot their results. Which type of control chart(s) would you recommend? a. b. c. d. 25.

x - and R-charts
p-charts c-charts
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x -, but not R-charts

A run test is used a. to examine variability in acceptance sampling plans b. in acceptance sampling to establish control c. to examine points in a control chart to check for natural variability d. to examine points in a control chart to check for nonrandom variability Which of the following is true regarding the process capability index Cpk? a. A Cpk index value of 1 is ideal, meaning all units meet specifications. b. The larger the Cpk the more units meet specifications. c. The Cpk index can only be used when the process centerline is also the specification centerline. d. Positive values of the Cpk index are good, negative values are bad. An acceptance sampling plan's ability to discriminate between low quality lots and high quality lots is described by a. a Gantt chart b. the Central Limit Theorem c. a process control chart d. an Operating Characteristics curve Acceptance sampling's primary purpose is to a. estimate process quality b. estimate lot quality c. detect and eliminate defectives d. decide if a lot meets predetermined standards Which of the following statements on acceptance sampling is true? a. Acceptance sampling draws samples from a population of items, tests the sample, and accepts the entire population if the sample is good enough, and rejects it if the sample is poor enough. b. The sampling plan contains information about the sample size to be drawn and the critical acceptance or rejection numbers for that sample size. c. The steeper an operating characteristic curve, the better its ability to discriminate between good and bad lots. d. All of the above are true.

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Acceptance sampling is usually used to control a. the number of units output from one stage of a process which are then sent to the next stage b. the number of units delivered to the customer c. the quality of work-in-process inventory d. incoming lots of purchased products An Operating Characteristic (OC) curve describes a. how many defects per unit are permitted before rejection occurs b. the sample size necessary to distinguish between good and bad lots c. the most appropriate sampling plan for a given incoming product quality level d. how well an acceptance sampling plan discriminates between good and bad lots An operating characteristics curve shows a. upper and lower product specifications b. product quality under different manufacturing conditions c. how the probability of accepting a lot varies with the population percent defective d. when product specifications don't match process control limits Producer's risk is the probability of a. accepting a good lot b. rejecting a good lot c. rejecting a bad lot d. accepting a bad lot

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34. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between AOQ and the true population percent defective? a. AOQ is greater than true percent defective. b. AOQ is the same as the true percent defective. c. AOQ is less than the true percent defective. d. There is no relationship between AOQ and true percent defective. 35. Average outgoing quality (AOQ) usually a. worsens with inspection b. stays the same with inspection c. improves with inspection d. may either improve or worsen with inspection A Type I error occurs when a. a good lot is rejected b. a bad lot is accepted c. the number of defectives is very large d. the population is worse than the AQL A Type II error occurs when a. a good lot is rejected b. a bad lot is accepted c. the population is worse than the LTPD d. the proportion defectives is very small

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38. In most acceptance sampling plans, when a lot is rejected, the entire lot is inspected and all defective items are replaced. When using this technique the AOQ a. worsens (AOQ becomes a larger fraction) b. improves (AOQ becomes a smaller fraction) c. is not affected, but the AQL is improved d. is not affected
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39. An acceptance sampling plan is to be designed to meet the organization's targets for product quality and risk levels. Which of the following is true? a. n and c determine the AQL. b. AQL, LTPD, and collectively determine n and c. c. n and c are determined from the values of AQL and LTPD. d. and are determined from the values of AQL and LTPD. 40. Which of the following statements about acceptance sampling is true? a. The steeper an OC curve, the better it discriminates between good and bad lots. b. Acceptance sampling removes all defective items. c. Acceptance sampling of incoming lots is replacing statistical process control at the supplier. d. Acceptance sampling occurs continuously along the assembly line.

Chapter 6-Supplement: Multiple Choice Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. c 15. a 16. e 17. c 18. c 19. b 20. b 21. c 22. b 23. c 24. e 25. c 26. c 27. a d b 40. a d 39. b c 38. b b 37. b b 36. a b 35. c e 34. c c 33. b d 32. c c 31. d a 30. d e 29. d 28. d