HUMAN RELATIONS IN INDUSTRY Meaning and Definition of Human Relations in Industry Classical economists have described five factors

of production: (i) Land; (ii) Labour; (iii) Capital; (iv) Organisation; and (v) Enterprise. Modern economists recognize the concept human relations as the 6th factor of production in industrial age of today. Some scholars are of the opinion that the industrial productivity depends upon the productivity of workers because labour is an active factor of production. Therefore, the contribution of labour force is considered to be the most important contribution in industrial production of today. This is the reason why the great importance is given to the solution of labour problems in the industrial enterprise. Many laws have been raised for the welfare of workers. All the best efforts are made to satisfy the workers of an industrial enterprise so that they may contribute their full co-operation in the success of enterprise. The most important function of management of an industrial enterprise is to motivate the employees of the enterprise in the manner that the feeling Work is worship amond the workers may develop and they may contribute their best efforts. The statement of the Chairman of an American Corporation is very important in this regard, We do not manufacture motor car, aeroplane, refrigerator, radio or the laces of shoes. We manufacture men. These men manufacture products. This statement makes it clear that the most important function of management is to develop the inspiration of work among the workers. For this, the management arranges for the training of workers, recognizes the human aspects in th enterprise and develops the feelings among the workers that the satisfaction of their individual interest is associated with the achievement of organizational objectives and their enterprise. In brief, it may be concluded that the intimate between the objects of enterprise and the interests of employees is called concept of human relations. The concept of human relations has been defined by some eminent authors as follows: Edwin Flippo, The social concept of labour is an attitude which recognizes that labour is human and is a scientific part of organization. It is an attitude that recognizes that proper treatment of labour can be highly profitable for the firm, that an investment in labour can often prove to be as beneficial as an investment in capital. Prof. Keith Davis, Human relations is an area of management practice is the integration of people into work situation in a way that motivates them to work together productively, cooperatively and with psychological, economic and social satisfaction. Mee. John F., Human relations is the medium through which both the employees and the company mutually co-operate to achieve more production through high morale, which after all is the economic purpose of all the business and industries. On the basis of analytical study of above definitions, it can be concluded that human relations is a process through which the pre-determined objectives of the enterprise are achieved through the maximum satisfaction of its workers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RELATIONS THOUGHT Analytical study of above definitions of human relations thought reveals the following characteristics of this though: 1. Co-coordinating process. Human relations thought is the process of coordinating the interests of employer and employees. Under this thought, all the best efforts are made to eliminate the mutual problems and misunderstandings between managers and workers. Emotional unity is developed in both the sections so that sweet relations may be established in the enterprise and both the sides may treat each other as friend. 2. To develop the feeling of voluntary work among workers. Human relations thought bring the unity and equality in the objects of different workers and enterprise. As a result of it, the feeling of voluntary work develops among employees. They feel the interests of the enterprise as their own interests and they make their best efforts to fulfill these interests. 3. Satisfaction of different needs of employees. The thought of human relations emphasizes upon the satisfaction of maximum needs of the workers of the enterprise. Prof. Keith Davis has divided the needs of a worker into the three parts Economic, psychological and social. The economic needs of the employees are satisfied by the remuneration which is paid to them. For the satisfaction of psychological and social needs of the effect of non-monetary incentives has proved that these incentives increase the morale of employees in a revolutionary manner which increases their productivity also. 4. Helpful in increasing the productivity. The thought of human relations is helpful in increasing the productivity of the workers as well as of the enterprise also because in this approach, all the best efforts are made to satisfy the maximum needs of workers. They are given the best treatment. Their opinions and their suggestions are appraised. It increases their morale and the direct effect of increase in their morale is the increase in their productivity.