Notes: italics- copy & paste

SOLAR
[http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=CH&trk=p1] Current: domestic installed capacity relatively small (900 MW i.e. 0.1% of total capacity as of 2010), but plan to grow to 1,800 MW by 2020

[Ajay] Silicon solar photovoltaic is a mature, proven technology. China is currently the largest producer of solar PV cells Challenge: to reduce cost of PV; embedded energy and carbon of silicon PV is significant compared with other renewable technologies so need to improve this, distributed solar PV and variable output for PV will require careful integration of a long-distance grid

NUCLEAR
[Ajay] Current: o capacity is modest i.e. 10 GW (2010), but target 70 GM by 2020 (quite ambitious aim). o Currently develop own Generation II and II+ technology domestically, and get Generation III technology from outside. But by 2020 will be able to develop Generation III themselves Challenge: only few numbers of companies worldwide do manufacturing of specialised components; reliant more on uranium (import)- use of alternative e.g. thorium can help this; japan nuclear crisis- safety and public acceptance is critical

[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html] Technology has been drawn from France, Canada and Russia, with local development based largely on the French element. The latest technology acquisition has been from the USA (via Westinghouse, owned by Japan's Toshiba) and France Mainland China has 14 nuclear power reactors in operation, more than 25 under construction, and more about to start construction soon. Additional reactors are planned, including some of the world's most advanced, to give a five- or six-fold increase in nuclear capacity to at least 60 GWe by 2020, then 200 GWe by 2030, and 400 GWe by 2050. China is rapidly becoming self-sufficient in reactor design and construction, as well as other aspects of the fuel cycle.

HYDRO
[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html] [Ajay] 2010- total 200GW Challenges: resource (plant) and demand are distant, so need to transmission network; delays and increased costs due to environmental risk and population displacement (people need to be relocated because of construction) are a major barrier for hydro therefore careful planning will be required Accounts for 15% of energy generation in China

[wiki?] Critics on impact to environment: large dams e.g. Three Gorges Dam and Xiluodu- erosion, flooding of valuable farmland, destruction of fish breeding habitats

WIND
[Ajay] Chinas wind market is relatively new, but already the largest in the world Capacity: 42GW (2010) Challenges: as scale increases, need to improve power grid/ connectivity; also at the moment domestic technical expertise still small (turbine tech)- so need to further develop

[http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/06/chinas-wind-power-industry-blowing-pastexpectations-52764 and http://www.cenews.com.cn/2009/gjzx/xny/201002/t20100210_630858.html] The initial future target set by the Chinese government was 10 GW by 2010,[16] but the total installed capacity for wind power generation in China has already reached 25.1 GW by the end of 2009.

[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2009/04/20/china-windpower-idUKPEK33615120090420] China aims to have 100 GW of wind power capacity by 2020. China encourages foreign companies, especially from the USA to visit and invest in the Wind Power Generation.

CCS (Carbon capture and storage)

[http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/ccs/what-is-ccs] Carbon capture and storage (CCS), (carbon capture and sequestration), refers to technology attempting to prevent the release of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere from fossil fuel use in power generation and other industries by capturing CO2, transporting it and ultimately, pumping it into underground geologic formations to securely store it away from the atmosphere. it is a potential means of mitigating the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming.

[Ajay] -

current: urgent need for large-scale integrated projects challenges: cost, tech uncertainty; still low efficiency so need to use water resource (limited resource) and fuel (speed up use of coal reserve)

[http://cmi.princeton.edu/news/pdfs/css_china.pdf] some R&D in China e.g. National Basic Research Program (973 progam) 2006-2011, get 36 million RMB; National High-tech R&D program of China (863 program) 2008-2010, 30 million RMB still in its infancy, most activities are rather recent, involving very limited actors, no elaborated policy exists so far to promote CCS challenges: need to develop its enabling technologies e.g. IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) and

[http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/blogs/authors/cwilson64/2012/01/17/ccs-china-capturing-co2-orcapturing-technology-market] [a review by analyst, very good but havent read]