A Del

Ministry of Defence INTERIM Defence Standard 02-607
Issue 1 Publication Date 6 July 2001
Guide to the Design of a Medium Voltage Distribution System in HM Surface Ships and Submarines
Category 2
AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION AMD NO DATE OF ISSUE TEXT AFFECTED SIGNATURE & DATE
Revision Note This is the first Issue of this Standard. Historical Record This is the first Issue of this Standard.
DPA
MR J KNOTT STAN SPM 5 D/DStan/69/2/607/Def Stan 02-607 Issue 1
Defence Procurement Agency

Defence Standardization Rm 1138 Kentigern House 65 Brown st Glasgow G2 8EX
Direct line: Switchboard: Facsimile: e-mail: 0141 224 2332 0141 224 2531 0141 224 2503
pdgst5@udawn.dpa.mod.uk or j.knott@dstan.mod.uk
Your Ref: Our Ref: DStan/69/2/603 Date:
INTERIM DEFENCE STANDARD (FORMER NES) - INVITATION TO COMMENT Defence Standard Number: 02-607 (NES 607) Issue 1 INTERIM Title: Guide to the Design of a Medium Voltage Distribution System in HM Ships and Submarines The above Defence Standard has been published as an INTERIM Standard. Interim Defence Standards are suitable to be called up in contracts and have the same legal status as full standards. In addition this standard is considered to be technically correct, but it is necessary to use it and get user feed back on its suitability before reissue as a full standard. Interim Standards are reviewed after a year and where necessary amended. They are then normally reissued as full standards. Users are therefore invited to forward any information or comment and experience on the application of this standard. These will be collated and forwarded to the sponsor to aid amendment and issue of a final version. The purpose of this form therefore is to solicit any beneficial and constructive comment that will assist the author and/or working group to review the INTERIM Standard prior to it being converted to a full Standard. Comments are to be entered below and any additional pertinent data which may also be of use in improving the Standard should be attached to this form and returned to the above address. No acknowledgement to comments received will normally be issued. NAME: J KNOTT SIGNATURE:
J Knott
BRANCH: PDG/DSTAN SPM 5
1. Does any part of the Standard create problems or require interpretation:

YES NO If yes state under section 3: a. the clause number(s) and wording;
AN EXECUTIVE AGENCY OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
b. the recommendation for correcting the deficiencies. 2. Is the Defence Standard restrictive: YES NO If yes state in what way under section 3.
3. Comments, general or any requirement considered too rigid: Page Clause Comments Proposed Solution
4. I/We agree that this Draft Standard, subject to my/our comments being taken into consideration, when published in final form will cover my/our requirements in full. Should you find my/our comments at variance with the majority, I/we shall be glad of the opportunity to enlarge upon them before final publication. Signature.................................................................Representing................................................. Telephone number: Submitted by (print or type name and address) Date: Our Ref:
DSTAN Form 42N
INTERIM DEFENCE STANDARD 02607 (NES 607)
GUIDE TO THE DESIGN OF A MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN HM SURFACE SHIPS AND SUBMARINES
ISSUE 1
This Defence Standard is authorized for use in MOD contracts by the Defence Procurement Agency and the Defence Logistics Organization
Published by: Defence Procurement Agency An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence Directorate of Standardization Kentigern House 65 Brown Street Glasgow G2 8EX (i)
INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES6070
(ii)
INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)
SCOPE
1. This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) provides guidance for the design and operation of Medium Voltage (MV) ac electrical power systems for HM Surface Ships and Submarines. . NOTE: MV is defined as any ac voltage between 1 kV and 15 kV 2. This NES covers similar requirements to those of NES 532. Detailed requirements which are the same as those for Low Voltage (LV) systems are not duplicated in this NES. Therefore this NES must be applied in conjunction with NES 532. This NES must also be applied in conjunction with the Statement of Technical Requirements (STR) for any given project. This NES will provide guidance and technical requirements and the STR will include additional technical requirements. Similarly, the STR will state the applicability of the various general standards and specifications such as DEF STAN 59 41 for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) limits and NES 1004 for environmental conditions.
3.
4.
(iii)
(iv)
FOREWORD Sponsorship
1. 2. This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is sponsored by the Defence Logistics Organisation (DLO), Ministry of Defence (MOD). Any user of this NES either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it. Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be made to the publishing authority identified on Page (i), and those directly applicable to a particular contract are to be dealt with using existing departmental procedures. If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement, MOD is to be informed in writing of the circumstances. No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment. Unless otherwise stated, reference in this NES to approval, approved, authorized and similar terms means by the MOD in writing. Any significant amendments that may be made to this NES at a later date will be indicated by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line interval. This NES has been reissued at Issue 1, dated October 2000 to reflect changes in departmental nomenclature and the changes to technical requirements.
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Conditions of Release General

8. This NES has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the execution of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all liability whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability resulting from negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the NES is used for any other purpose. This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or third party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission of the MOD. The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this NES without consulting or informing any holder.
9.
10.
MOD Tender or Contract Process

11. This NES is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorized in writing by the MOD it must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection with which it is issued. When this NES is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure that he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents, relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made to the authority named in the tender or contract. When NES are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their correct application and for complying with contractual and any other statutory requirements. Compliance with an NES does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
12.
13.
(v)
Categories of NES
14. The Category of this NES has been determined using the following criteria: a. Category 1. If not applied may have a Critical affect on the following: Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties. Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment. b. Category 2. If not applied may have a Significant affect on the following: Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties. Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment. Through life costs and support. c. Category 3. If not applied may have a Minor affect on the following: MOD best practice and fleet commonality. Corporate Experience and Knowledge. Current support practice.
Related Documents
15. In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and Annex A can be obtained as follows: a. British Standards British Standards Institution, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL. Defence Procurement Agency, An Executive Agency of the Ministry of Defence, Directorate of Standardization, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX. Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.
b.
Defence Standards & Naval Engineering Standards
c. 16.
Other documents
All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant MOD Invitation to Tender or Contract number and date, together with the sponsoring Directorate and the Tender or Contract Sponsor. Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings.
17.
Health and Safety Warning

18. This NES may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those quoted may not necessarily be exhaustive. This NES has been written, and is to be used, taking into account the policy stipulated in JSP 430 MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.
19.
Additional Information
(There is no relevant information included)
(vi)
CONTENTS Page No TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (i) SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v) Sponsorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Conditions of Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v) Categories of NES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v) Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi) Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi) Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi) CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vii) SECTION 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 Table 1.1 1.8 Table 1.2 SECTION 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical System Schemes which may Require Medium Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality of Medium Voltage Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compliance with DEF STAN 61-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contributors to Waveform Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rectifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starting and Inrush Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Load Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Susceptibility to Waveform Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spikes, Surges and Sags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voltage and Current LinetoLine Imbalances . . . . . . . . . . . Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voltage Ripple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modulation (Flicker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Users Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment Hardware Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment Performance Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Users Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality of Power Supply Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ac System Power Quality Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS . . . . . . . Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope and Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Responsibilities for Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statutory Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variation of the Electrical Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Objections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vii) 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 SECTION 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 Table 3.1 Table 3.2 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3 Figure 3.1 3.4 Figure 3.2 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.12.1
Page No Safety by Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Safety Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Authorised Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Authorised Person in Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Competent Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Authorising Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Medium Voltage Warning Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Caution Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Danger Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Compartment Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 MILITARY STANDARDS/REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Medium Voltage Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Medium Voltage Systems which do not Supply Electric Propuslion Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Medium Voltage Systems which Feed Electric Propulsion Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Load Chart for a Medium Voltage Electrical System which Feeds Propulsion Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Load Chart for Pulsed Loads on a Medium Voltage Electrical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Current Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Voltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Co-ordination of Inverse Time Over-current Relays . . . . . . 3.5 Parallel Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Parallel Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Protection Against Contact Above 1 kV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Direct Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Indirect Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Earthing Policy for Medium Voltage Systems in HM Surface Ships and Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Considerations in Selecting Earthing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Preferred Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Factors Not Significant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Significant Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Flash Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Unearthed Neutral Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 High Impedance Neutral Earthing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Maintenance Earthing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Further Earthing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Equipment Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 (viii)
3.13 3.13.1 3.13.2 3.13.3 3.14 3.14.1 3.14.2 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.20.1 3.20.2 3.21 Table 3.3 SECTION 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.6 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9.1 4.10 Table 4.3 4.11 4.12 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 4.13 4.13.1 4.13.2 Table 4.4
Page No Medium Voltage Cables and Conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Cable Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 System Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Cable Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Bulkhead Penetrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Switchboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Oil Filled Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Medium Voltage Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Other Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 Commissioning/Special Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 Standard Insulation Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS GUIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Main ac Electrical Power Supply and Distribution . . . . . . . 4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Interfaces with the Low Voltage Distribution System . . . . . . 4.2 Instrumentation and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Special Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Safe Operating Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Sensing Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Integrity of Medium Voltage Electrical Power Supplies . . . . 4.3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Generator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Power System Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Integrity Parameter Requirement Format for Medium Voltage System Propulsion and Low Voltage Supplies . . . 4.6 Integrity Parameter Requirement Format for Medium Voltage System Miscellaneous Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Provision of Alternative Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Issues Specific to Medium Voltage Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Fault Level Assessment for Medium Voltage Systems . . . . . 4.7 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Levels of Over-voltages Experienced in a System . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Characteristics of System Over-voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Means of Reducing Over-voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Fault Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Typical Simple Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 Equivalent Impedance Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Medium Voltage Creepage and Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Insulation Co-ordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Creepage and Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Minimum Creepage and Clearance Distances . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 (ix)
Page No SECTION ANNEX ANNEX ANNEX ANNEX 5. A. B. C. D. Table D1 Table D2 Table D3 ANNEX ANNEX E. F. Table F1 Figure F1 Figure F2 Figure F3 Figure F4 CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE . . . . . 5.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.1 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1 PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.1 STATEMENT OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1 Statement of Technical Requirements Compliancy Matrix Quality of Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1 Statement of Technical Requirements Compliancy Matrix User Equipment Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.2 Statement of Technical Requirement Compliancy Matrix Miscellaneous Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.3 SAFETY RULES FOR WORK ON OR NEAR MEDIUM VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONTENTS . . . . . . . E.1 SAFETY TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.1 Responsibilities for Medium Voltage Related Activities . . . . F.2 Medium Voltage Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.7 Limitation of Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.8 Permit for Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.9 Permit for Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.10
ALPHABETICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX 1
(x)
1.
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION Related Documents: Lloyds Rules; IEE Regulations; IEEE Std 141; IEEE Std 242; IEEE Std 399; IEEE Std 519; IEC 60-2; DEF STAN 61-5 Part 4; NES 501; NES 532; see also Annex A. General
a. Increasing electrical ships services loads and the operational advantages of electrical propulsion systems in HM Surface Ships and Submarines will require vessels with both Low Voltage (LV) and Medium Voltage (MV) electrical distribution systems. MV will be necessary in a high power electrical system to achieve acceptable voltage drops, and to reduce conductor sizes and fault levels. MV distribution systems, which in this NES will be systems with an ac voltage between 1 kV and 15 kV should be considered if LV parameters are likley to , approach the following limits: (1) The prospective fault current exceeds 70 kA root mean saquare (rms) sustained at any point in the system (53.3 MVA at 440 V - IEE Regulations). The current rating requirement of any generator exceeds 4 kA (1.4 MW at 440 V - IEE Regulations). The system fault levels under normal operating conditions exceed 50 MVA (Lloyd's Rules). The capacity of individual generating sets exceeds 2.5 MW (Lloyd's Rules).
1.1
b. c.
(2) (3) (4)
1.2
Electrical System Schemes which may Require Medium Voltage

a. Any system where LV parameters approach or meet the conditions of Clause 1.1c should adopt MV In practice, there are four basic schemes where . these conditions may be met. A brief explanation is given for each. Ships Services Systems: (1) Traditionally, HM Surface Ships and Submarines have used LV generation and distribution systems with a split generation operating policy; (2) As vessels increase in size and/or electrical loading, and where parallel generation operating policies are adopted, MV distribution systems or MV sub distribution systems may become necessary. Type 23 uses LV for its low power electric cruise propulsion system. However, MV systems may be required for future vessels which adopt an electric cruise capability. This will depend on ship size, vessel profile, required vessel speed and, ultimately, propulsion power requirement. Full Electric Propulsion (FEP) uses electric propulsion motors to propel the vessel at all speeds between standstill and full speed; In a vessel with a FEP system, independent sets of generators are required for the propulsion system and the ship's services system; For all but small and/or slow vessels, MV will be required for the propulsion system.
b.
c.
Electric Cruise Propulsion Systems: (1)
d.
Full Electric Propulsion: (1) (2) (3)
1.1

e. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion: (1) Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) extends the FEP concept such that the power for the propulsion system and the ship's services system is derived from a common set of generators; The propulsion and ship's services systems are joined using converters. These converters may be power electronic converters, transformers, rotary converters or some combination of these. Care is required in the design of the propulsion system to ship's services system interface to ensure that the desired ship's services power quality is maintained, and that LV system fault currents do not exceed the conditions of Clause 1.1c ; For all but small and/or slow vessels, MV will be required for the propulsion system.
(2)
(3)
1.3
1.3.1
Quality of Medium Voltage Power Supplies

General a. The intent of this Section is to provide guidance on power quality issues for a MV power supply system. There are no prescribed power quality factor limits for the MV systems of HM Surface Ships and Submarines and consequently, such limits must be considered at the initial stage of the system design and account for such aspects as: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) b. c. Technical capability of equipment; Capital cost of equipment; Reliability of equipment under envisaged operating conditions; System configuration and operational requirements; Indirect effects such as Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and the effect on signatures.
NES 532, Lloyd's Rules, and IEE Regulations give additional guidance on power supply quality issues. Electrical systems consist of essentially nine main items: sources, distribution lines, circuit breakers, distribution panels, protection devices, converters, filters, loads and instrumentation. Most of these items contribute to the quality of the power supply and all of the items are susceptible to its quality to some degree. The tolerances applied to a particular electrical supply appertain to a specific point in the supply system, usually the user input terminals. This point may be called the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). This may also be defined as the point beyond which the arrangement and cabling do not belong to the designers responsible for the electrical main supply and distribution system. The degree of supply degradation beyond this point is the responsibility of the user equipment designer. Early in the design process the supply, distribution and user authorities/designer are to agree the precise point at which the tolerances apply. DME/ME242 may arbitrate if necessary. The agreed point may or may not be the point of common coupling. To specify the quality of power supply requirements for a system, it is first necessary to define some of its attributes. The attributes describe its arrangement, its characteristics and how the system operates. They also help to identify factors that contribute to power quality.
d.
e.
1.2
1.4
Compliance with DEF STAN 61-5

a. LV systems comply with DEF STAN 61 5 Part 4, which defines power quality factors. There is no requirement for MV systems to similarly comply. However, MV compliance is required when MV/LV systems are coupled in the following ways: (1) (2) (3) Mechanical coupling (e.g. tandem generators driven by a prime mover, or a rotary voltage/frequency converter); Transformer coupling; Compliance may also be required in a power electronic coupling system, which must be accounted for in the early MV systems design process.
1.5
Contributors to Waveform Quality

a. All non linear equipment connected to the system will affect waveform quality. This equipment includes motors, generators, transformers and equipment containing electronic components. The waveform distortions from motors, generators and transformers are usually small and result from mechanical constraints within the item, such as iron magnetic saturation, winding slot spacings, stator and rotor eccentricities. The level of distortion introduced by electronic equipment can vary significantly depending upon the complexity of the input stage. Most electronic equipment incorporates one or more high speed switching devices. The action of these devices can impress high frequency distortion onto the system fundamental waveform. Events external to the power system (e.g. lightning strikes) can also affect power quality.
b.
c.
d. 1.5.1
Rectifiers a. The worst effects on ac systems are caused by diode bridge rectifiers, which can result in large harmonic currents. In idealised cases, the rectifiers would produce only characteristic odd harmonics; in practice they also produce some amounts of non characteristic even harmonics. These harmonic currents cause voltage drops that distort the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling. The distortion reduces when the rectifier is a half controlled bridge circuit, and reduces still further with a fully controlled rectifier bridge. An active rectifier, which controls the current waveform using high speed switching devices, can reduce the harmonic component of the current to minimal levels. However, this benefit comes at increased complexity, size and cost. Harmonic current flows reduce the efficiencies in generating and delivering electricity. This occurs because of two reasons: Harmonics increase the rms value of the current; conductor resistance goes up from its dc value. Both factors cause higher voltage drops and hence extra power losses. Harmonic levels can also amplify owing to the excitation of parallel or series resonance. A parallel resonance circuit has a high impedance to a harmonic current. This harmonic current flowing into the impedance is low and the harmonic voltage across it is high. Conversely, a series resonance circuit has a low impedance and the current flowing into the impedance is high.
b.
c.
d.
1.3

e. Bridge rectifiers also cause notching in the ac supply waveform, which is another form of waveform distortion. Notching occurs when two power supply lines short together as current transfers, or commutates, from one diode, or thyristor, to another. Such commutation overlaps, which are inevitable, can cut deep notches into the ac voltage. A reactance on the input to a rectifier, usually that of a transformer, limits the notch depth at the point of common coupling, and some standards recommend a minimum amount. Any equipment that transiently draws a high current can cause a voltage or frequency sag. The usual events are direct on line starts of induction motors, and energisation of power transformers and capacitors. Any equipment that rapidly stops drawing a large current can cause a voltage or frequency surge. The same events may also produce voltage spikes, particularly in dc systems. The division of load amongst the three phases of an ac power system also contributes to power quality. Unbalanced impedance draws unbalanced current flows, which create imbalances in the line voltages at the point of common coupling. The distortions in a waveform have different effects on equipment. The effects depend upon the characteristics of the distortions and upon the nature of equipment. Spikes can be one of the most damaging forms of distortion. A spike can inject considerable energy at high voltage into several items of equipment simultaneously. Electronic equipment is particularly prone to immediate and destructive failure, even from single spikes. Filters, relays and insulation are also at risk. Motors are usually more robust to single spikes, but recurrent spikes can stress, and eventually puncture, winding insulation. Surges in voltage, depending on their size, duration and frequency may also damage equipment, though the damage may not be apparent straight away. A surge can put the magnetic circuits of motors and transformers into saturation. If the condition persists, it can increase copper and iron losses and decrease efficiency. A prolonged sag in voltage can cause excess current in equipment; it can also cause motors to stall and lead to tripping of protection relays. It is more likley to result in operational difficulties than equipment damage. Voltage and current balances affect the temperature rises in electrical machines. For example, a voltage imbalance of 3.5% can cause a 25% increase in temperature rise in a motor, which would probably be intolerable. All the constituents of a power system are susceptible to harmonics, either voltage or current, or both. NES 532 and IEEE Std 519 contain further information on harmonic analysis.
1.5.2
Starting and Inrush Currents a.
b.
1.5.3
Load Balance a.
1.6
Susceptibility to Waveform Quality

a.
1.6.1
Spikes, Surges and Sags a.
b.
c.
1.6.2
Voltage and Current LinetoLine Imbalances a.
1.6.3
Harmonics a.
1.4

b. Electric motors are susceptible to a voltage waveform that contains harmonics. These harmonics increase copper and iron losses, create harmonic torques and increase acoustic noise. Extra losses occur in the windings and laminations of both the stator and rotor, but the increase is mostly in the rotor. The extra losses reduce a motor's efficiency and can shorten the life of its insulation. Harmonic torques arise because each harmonic in the stator current produces a magnetic field that interacts with currents flowing in the rotor. Some of the torques act in the same sense as the fundamental component of torque, while others act in the opposite sense. Though the effect on the mean torque is small, there can be a significant torque pulsation. This pulsation can cause vibration problems, particularly if it occurs near to a resonant frequency in the motor load system. It may also cause a cogging effect, which hinders smooth starting, and a crawling effect or a stall. Harmonic currents drawn from a generator have effects that are similar to those that occur in motors: i.e. increased losses, noise and vibration. Transformers suffer higher hysteresis and eddy current losses from voltage harmonics, which also impose greater stress on the winding insulation. Harmonic components in the current waveforms lead to greater copper losses. Additionally, a dc component in the secondary current can saturate the magnetic circuit, and thereby increase the harmonic components in the magnetising current. Similar effects can occur in filter chokes. Harmonic current flows increase I2R losses in cables. The root mean square (rms) value of the total current is higher and the conductor resistance increased owing to skin and proximity effects. Harmonic voltages also supply an additional stress to insulation, which can shorten its life. Voltage harmonics cause additional power losses in the dielectric material of capacitors. The losses are proportional to the harmonic frequencies and the squares of the harmonic voltages. Harmonics can also excite a resonance between capacitors and inductance in a system. If this occurs, the capacitors may experience high voltage or high current, which cause them to overheat and fail.
c.
d.
e. f.
g.
h.
i.
1.6.4
Notches a. The notches that rectifiers cut in the ac voltage waveform can affect other equipment that uses the waveform as a timing signal. These notches can potentially cause false zeros in the ac waveform. The actual notch depths depend upon the impedance between the rectifier and the point of common coupling. The high dv/dt of the notches can also create other problems: ringing between capacitance and inductance, which becomes a source of interference; leakage current, in capacitors and to earth.
b.
1.6.5
Voltage Ripple a. Harmonics in a dc voltage can cause difficulties for equipment connected to a dc system. The voltage ripple may pass through to the output of an inverter drive; an alternating voltage or current injected into a battery can cause increased gassing, and raise the battery temperature. It may also lead to shallow cycling of the battery, which can mask its true state of charge and may shorten its life.
1.5
1.6.6
Modulation (Flicker) a. Periodic changes of load can lead to voltage modulation or flicker. The effect gets its name from the visible flickering of lighting. It also occurs with a cyclic variation of frequency. Cyclic changes in frequency will also cause motors to accelerate and decelerate. This action may amplify generators' current and machinery vibrations if the modulating frequency is close to a resonant frequency. Generator governors and voltage regulators also respond to modulation effects and care is necessary to ensure that control systems cannot become unstable.
1.7
Users Constraints
a. All equipment connected to the electrical power system must operate within certain limits as defined in the power system design and any relevant standards. Constraints must be placed upon users to control the levels of disturbance injected into the electrical system. The constraints may also include equipment hardware design requirements in addition to equipment performance parameters. The requirements for equipment supplied from 440 V ac and 250 V dc power systems are well known and documented in NES 501. It is necessary to determine the requirements for equipment supplied from the MV system. It is possible that the constraints placed upon such equipment will be more relaxed than for equipment supplied from a lower voltage ship services busbar. Initial estimates for the constraints can be obtained in two ways. Firstly, if the system voltage and size is comparable with other, existing systems - such as offshore oil and gas platforms perhaps - then the constraints applied in those installations can be used as an initial guide. Secondly, computer simulations can be used to predict/confirm the effects of disturbances to the system. This latter approach is potentially very useful because the effects upon the system of relaxing users' contraints can be freely explored - for example, it is possible to determine which parts of the distribution system will require strengthening to tolerate a more disruptive (and cheaper) piece of equipment. The simulation model must then be refined as the system design progresses.
b.
c.
d.
1.7.1
Equipment Hardware Constraints a. There will be some physical aspects of the equipment that will be defined for power system quality reasons. These may include connection and cable glanding arrangements, cable entry routes and equipment internal layout. For multi megawatt equipment the size, cost and weight penalties of such constraints must be balanced against the likely risks. Equipment may contain energy storage elements: inductors, capacitors, batteries, flywheels, etc. To maintain system quality it may be necessary to limit either the amount of energy that can be discharged into the system or the rate at which it can be discharged. This may be applied for a limited range of conditions. Power systems quality must remain within the prescribed limits during system or equipment faults. This will impose performance requirements for some fault conditions. Similarly, equipment that contains inbuilt fault protection facilities must co ordinate with the rest of the electrical system.
b.
c.
1.6
1.7.2
Equipment Performance Constraints a. Table 1.1 lists users' constraints. User Equipment Constraint Switch ON/Start up current transient limitation. Duty cycle and period of pulsed loads. Harmonic ac current/ripple current maximum amplitudes for rectifier loads: Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) (current). Commutation notch depth and duration restrictions: Notch depth; THD (voltage); Notch area. Permitted out of balance load on a 3 Phase supply. Earth leakage currents. Conducted and radiated EMC limits. Equipment short circuit fault current rating.
Table 1.1 Users Constraints

b. Most equipment draws a surge of current from the supply when it is switched on. This can be significant for loads containing appreciable amounts of inductance or capacitance. Large current flows can cause voltage and frequency transients on the electrical system while even small inrush currents can cause earth leakage, or residual, current protection devices to operate. Pulsed loads apply repetitive transients to the system. The periodic nature of the transients may excite resonances within the system which amplify the voltage disturbance. Conversely, they may occur at frequencies at which the system response is poor and this could result in undesirable system frequency oscillations. Both the duty cycle and the period of a pulsed load affects which disturbance frequencies are prevalent. When current commutates from one device to another in a rectifier the input connections to the equipment are effectively short circuited. This depresses the voltage at the PCC for the period of commutation causing notching of the system voltage waveform. The distorted waveform contains harmonics. The size of the notch must therefore be limited to the control of harmonics introduced into the system voltage waveform. An out of balance 3 Phase load will draw unbalanced currents from the supply. Due to the line reactances and resistances, this will result in unbalanced voltages at the PCC and throughout the system. Large circulating currents can flow which increase the internal heating of transformers, generators and motors. Equipment operation can affect, or be affected by, the electromagnetic emissions of itself or other equipment. To prevent this, the level of both conducted and radiated emissions must be limited. During short circuits faults a current will flow that is many times greater than the normal rated current of an item of equipment. To prevent damage or danger to personnel, all equipment must be capable of withstanding the potential short circuit current that may flow through it until a protection device operates to disconnect the fault.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
1.7
1.8
Quality of Power Supply Limits

a. The operating envelope, or quality, of an MV system can be defined by placing limits on the permitted values of a number of quality factors. Table 1.2 lists the parameters that must be determined. ac Power Quality Factors Fixed voltage system: Variable voltage system: Nominal voltage System voltage range.
Average of three line to line voltages for 3 Phase systems. Line voltage unbalance tolerance for 3 Phase systems. Maximum deviation of any one line to line voltage including average of three line to line and unbalance tolerances. Voltage modulation. Voltage sag: Voltage surge: depth recovery time depth recovery time depth recovery time depth recovery time
Nominal frequency and steady state tolerance. Frequency sag: Frequency surge: Frequency modulation. dc offset. Waveform harmonic content: Individual Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Deviation factor peak value waveshape energy content
Voltage spike:
Table 1.2 ac System Power Quality Factors
1.8
2.
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS Related Documents: Lloyds Rules; IEE Regulations; Electricity at Work Regulations; Health and Safety at Work Act 1974; BS 2929; BS 5378; see also Annex A. Safety
Scope and Allocation a. This Section provides guidance on the safe working practices applicable to electrical distribution systems on board HM Surface Ships and Submarines above 1 kV ac and not exceeding 15 kV The guidance provided within this . Section, when applied, should cover the relevant mandatory/statutory requirements. In the case of conflict between this guidance document and statutory/mandatory regulations, or omissions from this guidance document, the statutory/mandatory regulations shall take precedence. This Section should be used as the basis for ship specific/class specific MV safety rules as required. These rules are to be used in conjunction with all current MOD(N) safety documentation. It is the responsibility of all persons working on, or in the vicinity of, electrical distribution systems and associated plant, equipment and apparatus, to report to their immediate superior any malfunction or situation which could pose a danger in terms of risk to health or bodily injury. No person may enter a MV compartment, open a link box or distribution panel, touch the insulation covering or supporting any conductor, disturb a cable or interfere with any other item of electrical equipment unless he holds a written instruction permitting him to carry out these duties, or until or unless instructed to do so by the person in charge of the work who is authorised by the Authorised Person in Control (APC). No person is to commence work until he fully understands the instructions he has received from an AP In no circumstances shall those instructions be . exceeded. Should any person consider that the instructions given cannot be carried out safely, he is to refer the matter to a higher authority for a decision before proceeding. No person is to interfere with earth connections, locks, danger and caution notices, safety barriers, or other safety devices. These are only to be moved or operated on the instructions of an AP who is to be responsible for them. , In addition, no work may be carried out outside the working zone defined by danger and caution notices, roping, barriers or other access limiting devices. No person is to enter a confined space that has previously contained oil or other flammable or toxic substance until instructed to do so by an AP The AP will . ensure that the necessary safety precautions have been taken and, if he thinks it necessary, he is to ensure that a person is stationed outside the compartment to maintain constant contact with those persons inside. No person is to smoke or use an exposed flame in any unventilated compartment or other similar enclosure until it has been declared safe to do so by the AP in charge of the work. Smoking is prohibited at all times in the vicinity of any open tank which contains, or has contained, oil or other flammable substances. Precautions are to be taken, by suitable ventilation or other means, to prevent fire or explosion.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
General Safety Precautions a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
2.1

h. No person is to work in any compartment or other enclosure fitted with automatic fire fighting equipment until the system has been inhibited and he is instructed to do so by the APC. The use of portable fire extinguishers containing water or foam is totally prohibited. Whilst using portable fire extinguishers, care must be taken to maintain appropriate safe handling distances between the extinguisher and any live apparatus or conductors. It is important that no person enters any space in which there has been a fire until permitted and instructed to do so by the APC. No person is to take, move or use lifting equipment, crane, mobile work platform, ladder, scaffold pole, plank or other long object into a compartment or enclosure until instructed by the APC. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 places a general duty for safety on employers, employees, designers and manufacturers. In essence this Act requires that as far as is reasonably practicable, all equipment is to be designed, manufactured, installed, tested, maintained, operated and disposed without risk to health at any time. The following Acts relate to MV safety rules: (1) (2) b. (1) (2) 2.1.5 Health and Safety at Work Act; Electricity at Work Regulations. IEE Regulations: - Regulations for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment of Ships with Recommendations for their Implementation; Lloyd's Register of Shipping: - Rules and Regulations on the Classification of Ships.
i.
2.1.3
Responsibilities for Safety a.
2.1.4
Statutory Safety Requirements a.
Whilst not statutory, the following are relevant documents:
Variation of the Electrical Safety Rules a. In exceptional or special circumstances, the Senior AP where authorised in , writing to do so by the Authorising Engineer (AE), is to have the authority to vary the MV safety rules. The variations are to be issued in writing and distributed to all controlled copy holders of these rules. Any variations must comply with the law and ensure that safety requirements are satisfied. Effective procedures will be instituted to allow objections, by any person carrying out instructions covered by these rules, to be reported by him to the person issuing the instructions. All objections will be investigated and if necessary referred to a higher authority for a decision. Any person instructed to carry out work in accordance with these rules are to ensure that they fully understand the instructions given and shall seek clarification when necessary.
2.1.6
Objections a.
2.2
2.2.1
Safety by Design
Description a. All MV systems and equipment must be designed and manufactured such that as far as is reasonably practicable, they will be safe and without risks to health at all times when they are being set, used for their intended purpose, cleaned and maintained.
2.2

b. Circuit breakers must be of the withdrawable type and are to be provided with an integral means to earth isolated circuits so that they are discharged and made safe to touch. All busbars and circuit shutters are to have provision to have safety padlocks fitted. Operating handles and all selector switches must be lockable. Construction is to be such that the trip circuit is to be disabled prior to closing into the earth position. All MV cables and cable routes are to be arranged to avoid passing through any compartments which have unrestricted access. Where this is unavoidable, all MV cables are to be clearly marked and suitable warning notices posted. Where practicable, consideration should be given to providing a mechanical barrier to any such cable.
c. d.
e.
2.2.2
Safety Rules a. To ensure that all statutory regulations are met, all work connected with the control, operation and maintenance of MV distribution systems are to be undertaken strictly in accordance with a set of written electrical safety rules. Annex F provides guidance on the format and contents of such rules and should be used as the basis for any locally derived and authorised rules. Safety rules for individual vessels shall be produced on an individual/class basis, depending on the equipment fitted in each case. A copy of the authorised rules is to be issued to everyone who is called upon to work on, or operate MV distribution equipment. Each person must sign a receipt for his copy of the rules and is required to be conversant with the content. For details of Safety Rules, see Annex E.
b.
c. d. e. 2.2.3
Review a. These rules are to be reviewed, by the AE, annually or when a change in Statutory Regulations takes place.
2.3
Safety Terminology
a. Safety Terminology is detailed in Annex F.
2.4
2.4.1
Training
Authorised Person a. An Authorised Person must; (1) have undergone a period of local training to become fully acquainted with the MV safety rules and any authorised variations, applicable Statutory Regulations and Naval requirements; have undergone a period of training on the particular system, equipment and installation with which they are concerned;
(2)
2.3

(3) have undertaken a course of training to be technically competent to safely operate and make safe to work, to work on, or to test the equipment with which they are concerned; have satisfactorily completed first aid training for the treatment of electric shock.
(4) 2.4.2
Authorised Person in Control a. Training requirements are as for an AP with the addition of; (1) a period of training and supervision sufficient to safely control the operation of the MV distribution system safely.
2.4.3
Competent Person a. A Competent Person must; (1) have undergone a period of local training sufficient to provide an adequate knowledge of the MV safety rules and any authorised variations, applicable statutory regulations and Naval requirements; have undergone a period of training on the particular system, equipment and installation with which they are concerned; have technical training sufficient to avoid any danger presented by the work to be undertaken; have satisfactorily completed first aid training for the treatment of electric shock.
(2) (3) (4) 2.4.4
Authorising Engineer a. Must have undergone a period of training to become intimately acquainted with the MV safety rules, applicable Statutory Regulations and Naval requirements. This training is to be sufficient to allow the interpretation of the safety rules and other statutory requirements and also allow the formulation of local variations.
2.4.5
General a. Additionally, APC is to carry out periodic touch drills to maintain an acceptable level of competency. All levels of staff will also be subject to periodic refresher training at defined intervals. First aid training will be carried out at regular intervals not exceeding three years.
2.5
2.5.1
Medium Voltage Warning Signs

Caution Notice a. A notice of approved form attached to apparatus or its control equipment, conveying a warning against interference with the apparatus. The notice carries the words `CAUTION - MEN WORKING' in a black on an orange/yellow background (as defined in BS 2929).
2.5.2
Danger Notice a. A notice in approved form attached to apparatus or its control equipment when live, calling attention to the danger of approaching or interfering with such
2.4

apparatus. The notice carries the words `DANGER - LIVE EQUIPMENT' in red on a white background (as defined in BS 2929). 2.5.3 Compartment Notices a. The door to any MV compartment should carry the following signs and information: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 2.5.4 First Aid a. Within every MV compartment should be: (1) (2) A substantial first aid kit identified by a safety sign to BS 5378. This is to be fixed permanently in position; Posters showing resuscitation techniques following electric shock. `Danger of Death' sign; Compartment location; `Warning High Voltage Equipment'; Emergency telephone number; Compartment key location; `No Smoking/Naked Flames'.
2.5
2.6
3.
MILITARY STANDARDS/REQUIREMENTS Related Documents: Lloyds Rules; IEC 331; IEC 787:1983; IEE Regulations; BS 2692 Part 2; BS 4999 Parts 143 and 144; BS 6360; BS 6883; BS EN 60071; BS EN 60282-1; BS EN 60298; BS EN 60644; BS EN 60694(1997); DEF STAN 61-12 (Part 31); NES 501; NES 502; NES 530; NES 532; BR 3021 Volume 1 and 2; BR 8470; BR 8471; BR 8472; BR 8473; see also Annex A. Medium Voltage Electrical Power Requirements
Medium Voltage Systems which do not Supply Electric Propuslion Systems a. The Load Chart method of estimating system loads detailed in NES 532 is applicable to MV systems. However, various factors e.g. diversity and utilisation, will require to be determined for the MV system loads. Typical growth margins for LV systems will apply to these MV systems. Minimum load situations on the LV system may demand a LV generator to achieve acceptable generator loading.
3.1
3.1.1
b. c. 3.1.2
Medium Voltage Systems which Feed Electric Propulsion Systems This clause refers out to NES 532 with the following exceptions. Clauses a, b, c, d, e and f should replace NES 532 Clause 3.1.1a . a. To assist in the determination of generator capacity, the determination of generator operating schedules and planning of the layout of the electrical supply systems for new or modified designs; the total load is to be assessed at various vessel speeds and the assessment calculation is to be presented on a load chart. Table 3.1 shows a suggested load chart format. It requires that propulsion loads and ship's services loads are calculated for a range of vessel speeds, where the vessel speeds considered should reflect the platform and its required operating profile. It may be useful to consider various vessel operating activities at some of the vessel speeds. For example, zero knots in harbour may have a significantly different load from zero knots in an action situation. Similarly, 18 knots in tropical conditions may present a different load to 18 knots in arctic conditions. These weather conditions may then require further sub divisions to enable peace time cruising, drills and action conditions to be assessed. The loads of the LV Systems which interface with the MV System being considered should be calculated using the methods detailed NES 532. The continuous rating of any pulsed loads should be entered in Table 3.1. Here it is assumed that the pulsed load will be fitted with its own pulse generator/power supply which will present a continuous load to the vessel's power distribution system. If pulsed loads require pulses to be supplied from the main power system the data should be entered in Table 3.2. One page of the table will be required for each pulsed load. This table will provide an indication of the transient capability required from the power system. The designer will then need to determine whether the transient capability needs to be local to the pulsed load, or global to the MV system. These pulsed loads may be periodic or aperiodic, and may include pulsed weapons, sonar and large direct on line started electric motors.
b.
c.
d. e.
f.
3.1

g. The daily load variation of a MV propulsion system will differ from that of a typical ship service but will be similar to a conventional propulsion system in a similar role.
Electrical Power Requirement Ships Services2,3 Min Max Likely Sub total 2 (for Table 3.1) Min Max Likely
Load State
Vessel Vessel Propn 1,2 Propn 1,2 Propn 1,2 Speed Operating Drive 1 Drive 2 Drive n (knots) Activity MW MW MW 0 3 8 15 19 23 25 27 30 31 Load State Vessel Vessel Speed Operating (knots) Activity 0 3 8 15 19 23 25 27 30 31 Pulsed Weapons 2 (Continuous Rating) Min Max Likely
Electrical Power Requirement Miscellaneous MV Equipment 2 Min Max Likely Total2 (for Tables 3.1 and 3.2) Min Max Likely
NOTE: 1. Load requirement should include motor, converter, transformer and filter inefficiencies. 2. The units for the load are MW if dc, or MVA if ac. 3. Load requirement should include transformer and converter inefficiencies.
Table 3.1 Load Chart for a Medium Voltage Electrical System Which Feeds Propulsion
Motors
3.2
Load State
Electrical Power Requirement For Pulsed Loads
Vessel Vessel Pulsed Load Name: Speed Operating (knots) Activity Power1,2 Pulse Cycle Duration 3 Duration 3 0 3 8 15 19 23 25 27 30 31
Number of Cycles
Operating Period3
Equipment Location
NOTE: 1. The units for the load is MW if dc or MVA if ac. 2. Load requirement should include pulsed equipment inefficiencies. 3. The time unit should be suitable for the application.
Table 3.2 Load Chart for Pulsed Loads on a Medium Voltage Electrical System 3.2
3.2.1
Protection
General a. Various protection devices are available for protecting generators, feeders and power consuming equipment having rated voltages greater than 1 kV The . purpose of the devices is to detect and rapidly isolate all system faults. To maintain the high integrity of supply required for HM Surface Ships and Submarines, isolation must be selective, isolating only those parts of the system affected by the fault.
3.2.2
Current Protection a. Correct current relay protection requires knowledge of the fault current that can flow in each part of the power system network. The protection relay settings are determined to give the shortest operating times at maximum fault levels and then checked to see if operation will be satisfactory at the minimum fault current expected. Among the methods to achieve correct relay co ordination are those using either time, over current, or a combination of both. The common aim of these methods is to provide correct discrimination and thereby isolate only the faulty section of the network. The basic rule is whenever possible, to use relays with the same operating characteristics in series with each other. (1) Discrimination by time alone may mean that more severe fault currents are not cleared in the shortest possible operating time.
b.
3.3

(2) Discrimination by current relies on the fact that the fault current varies with the position of the fault because of the difference in impedance values between the source and the fault (see Clause 4.9). Therefore, discrimination by current can only be applied where there is an appreciable impedance between the two circuit breakers concerned. The limitations of time or over current co ordination can be overcome by a relay using both methods. A number of relay variations use both time and over current, an example being the Inverse Time Over current (ITO) relay. With this relay, the time of operation is inversely proportional to the fault current level and the actual characteristic is a function of both time and current settings.
(3)
c.
When protecting the motor supply cable with fuse links, attention must be paid to the motor starting currents and starting time. High frequency of starting will not allow the fuses to cool down between starts. When protecting transformer supply cables, the main criteria for the selection of fuse links is covered in IEC 787:1983. NES 532 contains fuse rupture characteristics up to 16 kA. Current Limiting Reactors are reactances employed to limit short circuit currents. They are used to reduce short circuit currents to a value which is àcceptable' with regards to the short circuit withstand capability of equipment or the breaking capacity of circuit breakers. Effects of Fault Currents (1) To ensure over current protection devices can safely deal with fault currents, knowledge of any prospective fault current is necessary. If the fault level at the fault is in excess of the rupturing capacity of the device, damage to the installation and the protective device can result before the current is completely interrupted. In such cases the protective device must be backed up by another breaker or by fuses capable of interrupting the fault.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Figure 3.1 shows an example of Co ordination of ITO Relays.
3.3
Voltage Protection
a. Power Frequency Over voltages. (1) Over voltages should not occur on a machine fitted with an AVR. However, they may be caused under the following conditions: (a) (b) b. c. Defective operation of the AVR; Operation under manual control.
Means of reducing over voltage are discussed in Clause 4.11. Under voltage is covered in Clause 1.6.1.
3.4
1000
100
Time 10 (seconds)
D C
1 Fuse Fuse
0.1 10 100 1000 10000
Fault Current to Common kV Base MVA Generator
X
D
MV Feeder
X X X
C
X
A Motor
X X
D C
Fuse
Relay Examples: A Thermal relay combining Motor Thermal Protection Unit (MTPU) with high set instantaneous over current elements for short circuit protection. B Composite triple pole relay, comprising a combination of inverse time over current and high set instantaneous over current elements. C Independent definite minimum time over current relay. D Voltage controlled inverse time over current relay
Figure 3.1 Co-ordination of Inverse Time Over-current Relays 3.4 Parallel Feeders
a. When fault current can flow in both directions through the relay location (see Figure 3.2), it may be necessary to make the response of the relay directional by the introduction of directional control.
3.5

b. Use of non directional relays on parallel feeders means that, regardless of relay settings, any fault on one feeder may isolate both lines and completely disconnect the power supply. Therefore, to ensure correct discrimination operation during fault conditions, directional relays must be applied at the receiving end which are then graded with non directional relays at the source end.
X X
Load
Source
X
Directional
Non-Directional NOTE
The directional elements look into the protected line and their time and over current settings are set lower than the non directional relays.
Figure 3.2 Parallel Feeders 3.5

3.5.1
Protection Against Contact Above 1 kV

Direct Contact a. When protective earthing is used, all non live parts of equipment must be earthed if, owing to creepage paths, arcs or direct contact, they can come in contact with live parts as a result of a fault. In MV installations with low resistance neutral earthing the maximum touch voltages allowed depends on the duration of the fault current. The shorter the duration of the fault current, the higher is the permitted maximum value of touch voltages occurring in the installation. The use of dead line indicators prior to touching any exposed conductor is recommended to prevent electric shock.
b.
c. 3.5.2
Indirect Contact a. In the event of a system fault to earth, the earth path carries at least part of the short circuit current.
3.6
Earthing Policy for Medium Voltage Systems in HM Surface Ships and Submarines
a. The neutral earthing policies considered appropriate to MV systems in HM Surface Ships and Submarines are: (1) (2) Unearthed neutral; High impedance neutral earthing.
3.6

b. The large fault currents and large circulating triplen harmonic currents associated with solid earth and low impedance neutral earthing present an unacceptable risk of fire. These methods are not, therefore, be used in MV systems for HM Surface Ships and Submarines. These earthing methods and their associated advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail in lEE Regulations - Recommendations for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment of Mobile and Fixed Offshore Installations, Appendix C, and are summarised below.
c.
3.7
3.7.1
Considerations in Selecting Earthing Method

Preferred Method a. The preferred method for treating the generator earth is to provide a high impedance connection to the ship's hull. Although important in their own right, certain factors apply equally. However, the neutral point is treated and so can be disregarded when selecting between methods. (1) Electric Shock - Phase to Earth (a) Human tolerance to shock currents is so low that any method of earthing the neutral has the possibility of allowing lethal currents to flow. The largest and therefore the most significant over voltages on marine systems, are produced by switching surges which are independent of the treatment of the neutral. System voltage itself is not a determining factor in selecting a neutral earthing method. Satisfactory installations of all types and voltages can be engineered.
3.7.2
Factors Not Significant a.
(2)
Over voltage (a)
(3)
System Voltage (a)
3.7.3
Significant Factors a. The following factors are significant when selecting a method of neutral earthing: (1) Earth Faults (a) Earth faults are the most common fault; the majority occur in miscellaneous electrical equipment. In 3 Phase circuits, single phase to earth faults are likely to escalate into phase to phase faults unless measures are taken to reduce this likelihood. A solid earth fault on a high impedance or unearthed neutral system will increase the phase to earth voltage stress on the two healthy phases for the duration of the fault. Continuity of supply following a single earth fault is an important argument in favour of the unearthed and high impedance methods but, for the argument to be valid, the earth fault must have caused the loss of an essential supply.
(2)
Continuity of Supply (a)
3.7

(3) Switchgear Rating (a) (4) The most onerous duty for marine system switchgear will normally be a phase to phase or 3 Phase symmetrical fault. In high impedance systems, fault location is either expensive (special fault locating equipment) or time consuming (fault located by successive isolation of suspect circuits). This fault finding procedure can be more disruptive to the system than automatic fault isolation systems. Fires can arise from burning at the point of fault or from ignition of flammable materials or gases by a fault arc. The risk is dependent on the magnitude and duration of the fault current hence, is greater in low impedance earth systems. The significant system over voltage that is influenced by the method of system neutral earthing is the ìntermittent earth fault'. This can occur on unearthed neutral systems if the arc associated with an earth fault extinguishes and restrikes producing over voltages at the natural frequency of the system. In marine systems, typical natural frequencies are of several kHz but the system losses are such that these frequencies are normally over damped hence the associated over voltages do not occur.
Fault Location (a)
(5)
Fire Risk (a)
(6)
Over voltage (a)
3.7.4
Flash Hazard a. A flash hazard arises when a fault occurs close to people. The risk dependencies are the same as those for fire.
3.8
Unearthed Neutral Systems

a. The system neutral is isolated from earth (i.e. the hull or earth system in non metal hulled vessels) although there will be an unavoidable connection via the phase to hull capacitance of the MV system. The advantages offered by the unearthed system are: (1) (2) Continued operation with single earth fault present; Very low fire and earth fault flash hazards during a single earth fault. Minimal earth fault protection cost since low fault currents do not normally constitute a fire risk; Tolerance of comparatively high earth strap bonding impedances before an indirect shock risk arises. Fault location is a manual task, since it is usually uneconomical to install sufficiently sensitive detection devices, although it is normal to provide a device warning of an earth fault on the system; Earth faults must be located quickly to prevent a phase to phase fault arising from a second earth fault.
(3) b.
The disadvantages of the unearthed neutral are: (1)
(2)
3.8

c. Considerations for the Unearthed Neutral System are: (1) At the design stage, consider what actions can be taken to ease the fault location problem. For example: (a) (b) Allow adequate cable spacing which may facilitate the use of fault locating equipment; Estimate the system capacitance fault current at the design stage and then measure it to ensure the installation matches the design figure and any difference does not represent an unacceptable fire hazard; Assess the benefits offered by phase segregation barriers to reduce the likelihood of earth faults becoming phase faults; Establish procedures for regular earth fault checks on the system and for their immediate location and repair. A warning notice should be installed adjacent to the earth fault indication in the event of an earth fault on the system.
(c) (d)
3.9
High Impedance Neutral Earthing

a. This method involves the connection of the system neutral to earth via an impedance, and is the preferred method for high voltage systems on HM Surface Ships and Submarines. The value of the impedance is determined by the desired level of earth fault current and phase to earth over voltage. Assuming the earth fault current is limited to a small value, the advantages offered by the method are: (1) (2) (3) (4) b. Earth fault relays can be provided economically to locate and isolate earth faults automatically; The risks associated with fire and earth fault flash are small; Comparatively high earth strap bonding impedances can be tolerated before an indirect shock risk arises; The phase to earth over voltage caused by an earth fault is reduced compared to an isolated neutral earth system. Earth fault protection equipment is an additional capital item and maintenance load; A failure of the earth fault protection equipment would create a fire risk due to fault current flow; Continued operation with an earth fault is not possible; The possibility exists of significant triplen harmonic current flow if generators operating in parallel are earthed at more than one point. However, ensuring that a system is earthed at only one point requires considerable automatic switching. The neutral points of the MV generators are to be bonded to the ship's structure at a single point via individual resistors/impedances to limit the fault current; Bonding between resistors are to be separate to that provided by the ship's hull to minimise possible interference with communications systems;
The disadvantages offered by the method are: (1) (2) (3) (4)
c.
Considerations for Earthed Neutral Systems are: (1)
(2)
3.9

(3) Earthing resistors are to be selected such that the earth fault current is limited to a value not exceeding the full load current of the largest generator. The fault current shall be at least three times the value required to operate any earth fault protection devices; Effective means are to be provided for indicating defects in the insulation of the system; Where an earthed system is divided into two or more sections, means are to be provided for neutral earthing of each section.
(4) (5)
3.10
Maintenance Earthing
a. It is vital to ensure that no conductive parts of equipment can accumulate dangerous voltages when undergoing maintenance tasks. Circuits must be isolated and safely discharged before commencing work. Provision must be made for temporary earth connections to be made to MV equipment conductors which may become charged through leakage from MV circuits. Refer to Lloyd's Rules for further MV earthing requirements.
b.
3.11 3.12
3.12.1
Further Earthing Requirements

a.
Equipment Selection
General a. In general, the requirements for equipment selection are similar to those given in NES 501 and NES 532. Equipment for MV systems is subject to further requirements, particularly with regard to legal requirements for such equipment. Equipment for MV systems is to be designed, as far as practicable, such that the safety requirements of Clause 2.1 are observed (safety by design).
3.13
3.13.1
Medium Voltage Cables and Conductors

Cable Selection a. Medium voltage cables are to be in accordance with BS 6883-1991 with the following exceptions and additions: (1) (2) Selection of a suitable cable for MV applications is to be in accordance with the requirements of NES 502; Braided copper wire screen is to be used on the cores. This is to ensure even voltage stress on the insulation and avoid touch potential problems at the cable surface; The cables must have conductors to BS 6360 Class 5. This is to provide additional flexibility to assist during installation and to improve shock resistance of equipment; The cable sheath is to comply with DEF STAN 61 12 Part 31. This is to provide superior tear and oil resistance; and Limited Fire Hazard (LFH) and Zero Halogen (ZH) characteristics; Some circuits may require fire resisting cables to, for example, IEC 331. The STR will specify if and where fire resistant cable sheath is required; Cable sheath is to be coloured red to distinguish it from other cables; Cables used in systems above 3.3 kV must be provided with a continuous metallic sheath, regardless of whether or not the cable is armoured;
(3)
(4)
(5) (6) (7)
3.10

(8) (9) Below 3.3 kV the metallic sheath may be omitted provided that the cable is armoured; It is not necessary to provide armoured cables or a galvanised steel wire braid throughout the MV distribution system. However, local protection of cables may be needed in hazardous areas.
3.13.2
System Considerations a. b. c. d. MV cables must be readily identifiable and must be segregated from LV cables. LV cables must not be run in the same duct as MV cables; Cable sheathing and armour must be bonded to the ship's earth; MV cables must be provided with a cable support system; The system is to be designed as far as possible, to avoid the requirement for MV bulkhead penetrations. Cable ratings are to be calculated as for LV system cables, except that the heating effects of harmonic currents must be considered.
3.13.3
Cable Ratings a.
3.14
3.14.1
Bulkhead Penetrators
Submarines a. Bulkhead penetrators for MV cables are not available and it is not anticipated that they will be developed . Therefore, MV cables must not be run through the Reactor Compartment of submarines. MV cables passing through watertight decks or bulkheads must be provided with bulkhead or deck transits such as decktubes, watertight glands or multi transit assemblies. Standard, non MOD(N) transits are acceptable.
3.14.2
HM Surface Ships a.
3.15
Circuit Breakers
a. The preferred type of breaker for MV systems in HM Surface Ships and Submarines is the Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB). (1) External Shock Requirements (a) The design of circuit breakers and their mountings are to withstand externally generated shock levels appropriate to the equipment location within the vessel. Refer to BR 8470, BR 8471, BR 8472 and BR 8473. Where the series of BR is incomplete, guidance may be obtained from BR 3021 Volumes 1 and 2; Consideration is to be given to the catastrophic failure modes of current interrupting devices. Equipment enclosures are to be sufficiently robust to contain material expelled in the event of a catastrophic failure; An integral means is to be provided to earth isolated circuits so that cables, etc., are discharged.
(2)
Internally Generated Shock (a)
(3)
Maintenance Earthing (a)
3.11
3.16
Switchboards
a. Unless superseded by MV requirements, switchboards are to be designed to meet the requirements of NES 501, NES 530 and NES 532. The following standards must also be consulted: BS EN 60298 (1996) and BS EN 60694 (1997). Switchboards should be arranged with supply cables and duplicated services in completely segregated sections to allow continued operation of healthy circuits in the event of a single fault. Transformers which provide isolation between LV and MV systems are to be provided with a screen between primary and secondary windings, connected to the ship's hull. Integral means are to be provided to earth the isolated circuits for maintenance purposes. The very high voltages which can be generated when fault current is interrupted by a circuit fuse, require special consideration to ensure that the component is adequately rated. MV fusegear enclosures are to be designed to provide containment in the event of fire or fuse cartridge failure. The following references are applicable: (1) BS 2692 Part 2 Fuses for Voltages Exceeding 1000 V ac: Expulsion Fuses; Specification for HV Fuse links for Motor Circuit Applications.
b.
3.17
Transformers
a.
b.
3.18
Fuses
a.
b. c.
BS EN 60282 1 High Voltage Fuses: Current Limiting Fuses; BS EN 60644
3.19
Oil Filled Components

a. Transformers and switchgear which are filled with mineral insulating oil are undesirable for a number of reasons, namely, fire hazard, maintenance burden, ship's motion and toxicity of the material. Such components must not be used in the MV systems of HM Surface Ships and Submarines.
3.20
3.20.1
Medium Voltage Testing

Machines a. Machines with Vacuum Impregnated Windings (1) Tests for machines with vacuum impregnated windings are under consideration. In the meantime, tests are to be agreed between the MOD Sponsor and the machine supplier; Random sample tests are to be conducted to evaluate the insulation system. Sample coils should adequately represent the finished coil to be used in the winding. The requirements of BS 4999 Part 144 are to apply, except that inter turn insulation is to be tested at Un/3 + 1000 V ac rms, where Un is the rated line-to-line voltage;
b.
Type Tests (1)
3.12

c. Routine Tests (1) Inter turn. A high frequency MV test is to be performed on the individual coils to demonstrate satisfactory withstand of the inter turn insulation to steep fronted switching surges. The test should preferably be done after the coils are installed into the stator core. The test will normally be performed by discharging a capacitor across the coil. Each coil is to be subjected to at least 5 impulses of peak amplitude 3 x Un(2/3). Power frequency. A power frequency high voltage test is to be conducted on the completed winding in accordance with BS 4999 Part 143, to demonstrate a satisfactory withstand voltage level to earth.
(2)
3.20.2
Other Equipment a. Other equipment is to be tested in accordance with the appropriate British Standard for that equipment. Where there is no relevant standard, a power frequency high voltage test is to be performed at the value given in Table 3.1. Refer to BS EN 60071. Highest Voltage for Equipment (kV rms) 3.6 7.2 12.0 17.5 Standard Short Duration Power Frequency Withstand Voltage (kV rms) 10 20 28 38
Table 3.1 Standard Insulation Levels 3.21 Commissioning/Special Test Equipment

a. Provisions for commissioning the MV generation and distribution system are to be considered at the design stages. The requirements for preventive and corrective maintenance testing must also be considered at this stage. Testing will require special equipment for checking insulation, for applying load, and for measuring performance. Consideration must be given at the design stage to the methods which will be used. Particular consideration must be given to the method by which load banks may be connected to the MV system. The commissioning of generators will require the use of load banks. Where the voltage rating of such equipment is below the generator output voltage, a transformer may be used to step down the voltage to levels compatible with the insulation system of the load. Shore supplies will normally be connected to the ship's LV distribution system.
b.
c.
d.
3.13
3.14
4.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS/GUIDANCE Related Documents: DEF STAN 61-5 Part 4; NES 501; NES 516; NES 532; YM3889/82; see also Annex A.
4.1
4.1.1
Main ac Electrical Power Supply and Distribution

General a. The voltage and frequency rating of main generators for MV systems will be determined by the requirements for propulsion power and by the total system load. The distribution system voltage and frequency regulation must be compatible with the requirement for the LV side of conversion equipment, feeding the 440 V 60 Hz distribution system, to meet the requirements of DEF STAN 61 5 Part 4. The generator neutral (star) point must be earthed using high impedance earthing techniques (see Clause 3.2). Shore supply and ship alongside facilities must be connected directly to the LV distribution system, allowing the MV distribution system to be isolated when the propulsion system is not required.
b.
c. d.
4.1.2
System Configuration a. MV distribution systems may be configured as `ring' or `tree' networks dependent on individual ship requirements. Systems shall provide maximum equipment availability by provision of the capability of operation with all available generators connected in parallel, with facilities to operate in `split' sections in the event of faults or action damage. Generators are to be connected to the distribution system via `pole linked' circuit breakers contained within associated switchboards. Switchboards must be located as close as is practicable to associated generators. To meet the requirements of MV safety, all MV equipment is to be located such that it is not possible to access the equipment without correct authorisation. Access to all compartments containing MV equipment must be limited to persons competent to enter such compartments. All persons required to enter compartments containing MV equipment are to be qualified as Competent Persons (CP), as defined in Clause 2.1. All persons required to carry out switching operations are to be qualified as Authorised Person(s) (AP), also as defined in Clause 2.1. MV cables must be run separately from LV and signal cables. Separation between MV and other cables are to be at least 300 mm. (1) (2) f. Cables run on cable trays are to be provided with individual overall metallic screens, regardless of any requirements for armoured cables; Cables are to be run in trunking if further physical protection is required. Such trunking shall be used for MV cables only.
b.
c.
d.
e.
MV equipment and cable runs must not be accessible in compartments such as accommodation spaces, which are routinely occupied by persons not competent to access such equipment.
4.1

g. The required safety measures for working on MV equipment mean that repair and maintenance at sea is difficult and prolonged. The system design is to aim to eliminate any requirement for maintenance at sea.
4.2
Interfaces with the Low Voltage Distribution System

a. The LV distribution system is to be supplied using conversion equipment which converts the MV supply to a 440 V 60 Hz LV supply which meets the , requirements of DEF STAN 61 5 Part 4. The conversion equipment must be designed to ensure that the LV system cannot become charged to MV potential under fault conditions. Sufficient separate interfaces are to be provided to ensure that all equipment requirements for Normal, Alternative and Emergency supplies can be met. The power rating of each converter is to be such that the prospective fault current does not exceed the limitations against which a MV system was initially selected. Conversion equipment is subject to the MV safety requirements of Clause 2.1.
b. c. d.
e.
4.3
4.3.1
Instrumentation and Control

Requirements a. The control and instrumentation requirements for an MV system are similar to those of the LV Main Electrical Power System and reference should be made to NES 532. The principal requirements are stated below: (1) It must be possible to spread the ship's total MV load between the running generators in order to optimise the efficiency and the maintenance load of the generation system. This may be achieved; by evenly loading the generators in a split generation system, by using a common droop in a parallel generation system where the prime movers have similar part load efficiencies, by automatically controlling the droops in a parallel generation system where the prime movers have different part load efficiencies, or by some other method; It must be possible to isolate defective parts of the MV supply and distribution system; Available supplies are able to be re connected as dictated by the prevailing system conditions; Emergency supply arranagements are incorporated.
(2) (3) (4) b.
The above aims will be achieved by centralised control of the MV supply system from a Primary Electrical Control Panel, providing control and instrumentation for: (1) (2) (3) (4) Generator start and stop; Supply voltage control; Supply frequency control; At least two methods of synchronisation of any two supply sources, one method being manual;
4.2

(5) Remote electrical control of all main breakers and illuminated indication of the state of all main breakers, provided by the use of discrepancy switches.
c.
Reversionary control of main supply generators and switchgear is to be provided by Secondary Electrical Control Panels, sited within or near to the main MV switchboards.
4.4
4.4.1
Special Considerations
Safe Operating Procedures a. The design of the control scheme must provide safeguards as far as practicable, to avoid potentially hazardous operating conditions arising. In the case where the LV system derives power from the MV system, particular attention must be paid to maintaining the continuity of essential LV supplies.
4.4.2
Sensing Circuits a. Monitoring the MV system requires sensors to interface between LV and MV circuits. This will normally be accomplished by the use of current and voltage transformers. Precautions are to be observed to prevent leakage from the MV system charging the LV system. Instrumentation transformers are to be fitted with earthed screens between primary and secondary windings. The principles of segregating MV and LV circuits must be maintained in the sensor circuits.
4.5
4.5.1
Integrity of Medium Voltage Electrical Power Supplies

General a. b. The guidance provided in NES 532 is generally applicable to MV systems. However, some require further consideration. Clause 4.5.2 identifies and briefly describes generation configurations which are particularly appropriate to systems utilising high power prime movers. These configurations, however, are not wholly exclusive to MV systems. The integrity requirements of any main electrical supply system must be such that the integrity requirements of the electrical supplies for all the loads are met. Thus the design of the MV system must ensure the integrity of the supplies to its various loads. Where the load is an electrical propulsion system, the integrity requirement of the load may vary with vessel speeds and operations. This may give scope for a vessel to have a reconfigurable power system to meet integrity requirements in various ship states. This issue is considered further in Clause 4.6.
c.
4.5.2
Generator Configuration a. HM Surface Ships and Submarines utilising MV systems will tend to operate with a wide power band. In a FEP system, the maximum speed will require a much greater power than the normal speed. In an IFEP system, propulsion load demands will dominate the load requirement at high vessel speeds whereas at low vessel speeds, the ship's services requirement will dominate the load. Thus, an IFEP system will have a slightly narrower power band requirement than a FEP system. In electric cruise or MV ship's services systems, the power range will be lower than for either FEP or IFEP .
4.3

b. The high power density of plant required by MV generation systems in fast warships using electric propulsion, together with the wide power band, suggests that the generation plant will comprise either: (1) (2) (3) c. d. A small number of high rated prime movers whose efficient power range is wide; A range of prime movers which can together, supply the power band efficiently; A combination of (1) and (2).
The generators may be arranged in a number of schemes, some of which are discussed below. A split generation scheme has been traditionally employed in the ship's services distribution systems of HM Surface Ships and Submarines. But with the predicted increasing loads of future vessels, split generation appears to have been superseded in concept studies by variants of parallel generation. However, split generation may still be appropriate for propulsion to maximum vessel speeds in order to reduce distribution and fault currents. Parallel Generator Operation (PGO) has become the standard method of generation in commercial vessels with MV systems. Here a power management system can automatically run up and shut down generators, and start and stop loads to ensure that the generation system operates efficiently within its capacity. Minimum Generator Operation (MGO) operates the generators in PGO mode until the load can be supplied by one generator. Then the system operates in Single Generator Operation (SGO) mode. An energy storage system may be required to support the load on failure of the single running generator and until a standby generator can be brought to load. Energy storage specifications would depend on the availability requirements of the various power system loads. NOTE It may be possible to run a FEP system in MGO without energy storage.
e.
f.
g.
It may be cost effective, or otherwise desirable, to be able to re configure the generation configuration for different operational activities and vessel speeds. Here re configuration could be automatic or manual.
4.6
Power System Integrity

a. MV systems may be required to supply one or more of the following types of load: ship's services loads; electric propulsion load; pulsed loads; other miscellaneous loads. The Availability and Reliability (A&R) requirements of the MV supplies will be stated in the STR. The maintainability requirements for MV systems are the same as for LV requirements and are discussed in NES 532. There are likely to be different requirements for the different loads, for different operational activities and for different vessel speeds. These A&R requirements will then impact on generator selection, generation configuration and amount of re configuration.
b.
4.4

c. A&R requirements for LV supplies will be stated in the STR and will be in accordance with NES 532. However, where the MV system supplies the LV system, `generators' referred to in NES 532 will be MV/LV converters plus any additional LV generators and should be considered as `LV sources'. MV/LV converters may be transformers, power electronic converters or rotary converters.
NOTE d.
The integrity of the LV supplies will inevitably depend on the A&R of the MV/LV converters, the number and rating of the MV/LV converters and the A&R of the supplies to the MV/LV converters. Therefore, the design of the MV system, its method of operation and the number and specification of the MV/LV converters, will be depend on the LV system A&R requirements stated in the STR. The prime contractor should determine A&R figures for the MV/LV system interface to apply at the point of common coupling or some other agreed point (or points). DME/ME242 will arbitrate if necessary for both the A&R figures and the agreed points. Where the MV system provides power for propulsion, the STR will state A&R figures for propulsion capability. This may be in terms of the A&R for a given shaft power or a given vessel speed and should include different A&R for different vessel speeds and operational activities. If the MV system supplier does not provide the propulsion plant required, the various contractors must agree A&R requirements and the points in the MV system at which they apply, e.g. at the input terminals of the propulsion plant. Again, DME/ME242 will arbitrate if necessary. The A&R requirements placed on the MV system sub prime contractor will influence MV generation and distribution system design and operation. In summary, the STR will state the availability and reliability requirements for various loads, vessel speeds and operational activities. Measurement points, i.e. points where the A&R figures will be applicable, will also be stated. The STR may present its requirements in a form similar to Tables 4.1 and 4.2.
e.
f.
g.
h. i.
4.5
Load State Vessel Speed S eed (knots) Vessel O erating Operating Activity Propulsion
Medium Voltage System Load Low Voltage Supplies
Availability Reliability Measurement Comment Availability Reliability Measurement Comment Point1 Point1
0 3 8 15 19 23 25 27 30 31
NOTE The measurement point is the agreed location at which the availability and reliability of the MV supply to the given load must apply.
Table 4.1 Integrity Parameter Requirement Format for Medium Voltage System Propulsion and Low Voltage Supplies
Load State Vessel Speed S eed (knots)
Miscellaneous MediumVoltage System Loads1
Vessel Name of Load 1: Name of Load n: O erating Operating Activity Availability Reliability Measurement Comment Availability Reliability Measurement Comment Point2 Point2
0 3 8 15 19 23 25 27 30 31
NOTE 1. Miscellaneous loads include pulsed loads. 2. The measurement point is the agreed location at which the availability and reliability of the MV supply to the given load must apply.
Table 4.2 Integrity Parameter Requirement Format for Medium Voltage System Miscellaneous Loads
4.6
4.7
Provision of Alternative Supplies

a. When designing to meet the A&R requirements stated in the STR in accordance with Clause 4.6, the designer should determine whether the provision of alternative supplies will offer the most effective solution. However, the sponsor may require specific alternative supplies to be provided. In this case, detailed alternative supply requirements for the supply of specific loads or systems, will be stated in the STR.
b.
4.8
Issues Specific to Medium Voltage Supplies

a. Main Circuit Breakers: (1) The number of different frame sizes of breakers used in the MV supply system is to be kept to a minimum. Breakers of the same frame size (and voltage rating) are to be fully interchangeable (within two hours); Functional tests must be able to be carried out on the breaker while it is fitted in the switchboard; It is not a requirement for MV and LV breakers to be interchangeable. Thus truck breakers could be used for some or all MV breaker frame sizes if required - assuming that they meet the environmental requirements; Breakers must have the facility to isolate faulty sections to allow maintenance to be carried out on the faulty equipment. The isolation facilities must be lockable, e.g. if isolation is by means of shutters, the shutters must have the facility to be locked. The breakers will have the facility to be earthed when disconnected from the supply.
(2) (3)
(4)
4.9
4.9.1
Fault Level Assessment for Medium Voltage Systems

General a. The method of assessing fault levels in MV systems will not differ from that used to assess LV system fault levels. Hence, reference should be made to NES 532.
4.10
Levels of Over-voltages Experienced in a System

a. b. Over voltages are generally transient voltages which are greater than the maximum permissible continuous operating voltages of electrical systems. According to their source, a distinction is made between external over voltages, which are of an atmospheric origin and internal over voltages which result from faults and operation of the system. External over voltages, i.e. lightning strikes are not considered as a cause of over voltage in HM Surface Ships, assuming the electrical system is in accordance with the requirements of NES 501 and NES 516. The causes of internal over voltages experienced in electrical systems have been identified as: (1) (2) Generator Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) faults; Interruption of short circuit fault currents by fuses;
c.
d.
4.7

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) e. Chopping of current to inductive loads; Pre strike during circuit breaker closure; Multiple re ignition during circuit breaker opening; Thyristor switching; Earth faults.
The methods of deriving the levels of over voltage created by the above phenomena are detailed in Table 4.3. (Reference YARD Memo, YM3889/82). Cause Derivation
2U 3 3)
Frequency Power frequency Power frequency kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz
K Factor 2.0 1.7 5.0 4.4 5.5 4.0 8.0
Generator AVR fault Solid earth fault1 Intermittent earth fault2 Fuse current chopping Interrupter current chopping Pre strike Multiple re ignition Where: U Z I K = = = =
U
5( 2U
BS 2692 : Pt 1
3) Z1)( 2U 5.3( 2U 3)0.75 8( 2U 3)
Line Volts (rms) Load Surge Impedance Chopping Current Ratio of over voltage (peak) to phase voltage (peak)
NOTE: 1. Only applicable to unearthed neutral and high resistance earth neutral systems. 2. Only applicable to unearthed neutral systems.
Table 4.3 Characteristics of System Over-voltages 4.11 Means of Reducing Over-voltages

a. Over voltages can be limited by a variety of design measures and/or arrangement of the system circuits. For example: (1) Power frequency voltage rise limiting devices: (a) (b) (c) (2) (a) (b) (c) Voltage regulators for generators; Tap changers for transformers; Shunt reactors. Restrike free circuit breakers; Low impedance neutral point earthing; Arc suppression coils.
Switching and Earth fault over voltage limiting devices:
4.12
Fault Level
a. An explanation of the pu base system along with a fault level example and procedure can be found in NES 532.
4.8

b. Often machine parameters such as sub transient reactance, Xd'', are given as a pu value on the machine rating. This is converted to a pu value on the system base as follows:
X d pu + X d pu(rating) V 2(rating) MVA(rating) MVA(base) V 2(base)
Other parameters such as cable resistances are often given as ohmic values. These can be converted to pu values as follows:
Rpu + R W MVA(base) V2(base)
c.
Calculations: The fault levels at points A, B and C (Figure 4.1) have been calculated using a 20 MVA, 6.6 kV base. The values in brackets are the converted pu values after using the above formulae and base values.
d.
Calculation for a fault at point A: ZA = 0.000066 + j0.0509 NOTE In many cases, where resistance is negligible compared to reactance, the circuit resistance may be omitted to simplify the calculations.
e.
Fault Level at point A: = =

MVA(base) (0.00066)j0.0509) (20 10 6) (0.0509)
= 392.95 MVA f. The rms symmetrical fault current at point A is calculated as follows: VA = 3 V LIL Thus I L + VA
3 VL
6 + 392.95 10 3 6.6 10 3
= 34.37 kA g. The peak asymmetrical fault current at point A: Isc = 2 2I rms symmetrical = 2 2 x 34.373 x 103 = 97.22 kA h. Calculation of Impedance at point B: ZB = Impedance at point A + Cabling Impedance = 0.00066 + j0.0509 + 0.0192 + j0.0155 = 0.01986 + j0.0664 pu
4.9

i. Fault Level at point B:
+ + MVA(base) 0.01986 ) j0.0664 20 106 0.0693 73.34o
= 288.600 MVA j. The rms symmetrical fault current at point B:

I + 288.600 3 6.6 106 10 3
= 25.246 kA k. The peak asymmetrical fault current at point B: I = 2 2 x 25.246 kA = 71.408 kA l. Impedance at point C: Zc = Impedance at point B + Impedance of Equivalent Transformer = 0.01986 + j0.0664 + 0.6 = j0.4 = 0.61986 + j0.4664 pu
+ 0.77536.95
m.
Fault Level at point C:

+ 20 10 6 0.775 36.95
= 25.806 MVA n. The rms symmetrical current at point C: I = 25.806

3 10 6 6.6 10 3
= 2.257 kA o. The peak asymmetrical current at point C: I=2 2

2.257 10 3
= 6.385 kA
4.10
25 MVA Xd = R = X = 0.126 (0.1008) 0.0003W (0.000137) 0.006W (0.00275) X X
25 MVA Xd = R = X = 0.126 (0.1008) 0.0003W (0.000137) 0.006W (0.00275)
R X
= =
0.002W (0.000918) 0.004W (0.0018)
Motor Load 22 MVA Xm = 3.64 (3.31)
X R X
= =
0.04W (0.0183) 0.03W (0.0137)
1 MVA Transformer R = 3% X = 2%
Ships Services C
Figure 4.1 Typical Simple Network
4.11
INFINITE BUSBAR Equivalent Generator Equivalent Motor
0.000137
0.000137 j 3.31
j 0.10355
j 0.10355
A 0.0192 Cabling Impedance
j 0.0155
0.6 Equivalent Transformer j 0.4
Figure 4.2 Equivalent Impedance Diagram 4.13

4.13.1
Medium Voltage Creepage and Clearance

Insulation Co-ordination a. The selection of system insulation levels must take into account the voltages which may appear on the system under all conditions, with due consideration for system protection levels and the service environment. Guidance on insulation co ordination is contained in BS EN 60071.
4.12
4.13.2
Creepage and Clearance a. The minimum creepage and clearance distances provided for all connections, terminals and similar bare `live' parts are to be determined in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 60071 1 and BS EN 60071 2. Normally, pollution level IV will apply, however, suitable enclosures may reduce the pollution level category. Designers must also take account of the most unfavourable combination of manufacturing tolerances and any movement or deformation which may occur when the equipment is subjected to ageing, temperature, mechanical shock, vibration and system fault conditions. Where the information required to perform the calculations of BS EN 60071 is not available, the values given in Table 4.4 may be used as minimum values. Nominal System Voltage (volts) 1100 2400 3300 4160 6600 11000 13800 15000 Minimum Clearances Between Phases and to Earth (mm) 25 40 50 60 65 80 85 95 Minimum Creepage Between Phases and to Earth (mm) 25 40 50 70 90 125 140 150
b.
c.
Taken from IEE Recommendations for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment of Mobile and Fixed Offshore Installations.
Table 4.4 Minimum Creepage and Clearance Distances
4.13
4.14
5.
CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE

a. b. Due to the recent introduction of MV technology into the Royal Navy, there is at present no relevant knowledge and experience which fits within this section. This NES has been compiled using the MV technology currently used within commercial environments. As this technology is developed for use on naval platforms, corporate knowledge and experience will become available and as such will be included within this section.
5.1
5.2
ANNEX A. RELATED DOCUMENTS

A1. The following documents and publications are referred to in this NES: Lloyd's Rules IEC 60 2 IEC 787:1983 IEC 331 IEEE Std 141 IEEE Std 242 IEEE Std 399 IEEE Std 519 IEE Regulations Lloyd's Register - Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships High Voltage Test Techniques - Test Procedures (English) Application Guide for the Selection of Fuse Links of High Voltage Fuses for Transformer Circuit Applications (includes Amdt 1) Tests for electric cables under fire conditions Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants Recommended Practice for Protection and Co ordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems Regulations for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment of Ships. Recommendations for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment of Mobile and Fixed Offshore Installations Electricity at Work Regulations Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 BS 2692 BS 4999 Fuses for voltages exceeding 1000 V ac: Part 2: Expulsion Fuses General Requirements for Rotating Electrical Machines: Part 143: Specification for Tests Part 144: Specification for the Insulation of Bars and Coils of High Voltage Machines Including Test Methods Safety Signs and Colours Low Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear Assemblies Specifications for conductors in insulated cables and cords Insulating and Sheathing Materials of Electric Cables Specification for 600/1000 V and 1900/3300 V Armoured Electric Cables having Thermosetting Insulation and Low Emission of Smoke and Corrosive Gases when affected by Fire Specification for Elastomer Insulated Cables for Fixed Wiring in Ships and on Mobile and Fixed Offshore Units Insulation Co ordination Current Limiting Fuses ac Metal enclosed switchgear and control gear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV Specification for High Voltage Fuse Links for Motor Circuit Applications
BS 5378 BS 5486 BS 6360 BS 6469 BS 6724 BS 6883 BS EN 60071 BS EN 60282 1 BS EN 60298 BS EN 60644
A.1
ANNEX A
BS EN 60694(1997) BS EN 60811 JSP 430
Common Specifications for High Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear Standards Insulating and Sheathing Materials of Electric Cables. Common Test Methods Ship Safety Management System Handbook: Volume 1 Policy and Guidance on MOD Ship Equipment Safety Management Electromagnetic Compatibility Electrical Power Supply Systems below 650 Volts: Part 4: Power supplies in HM Ships Wires, Cords and Cables, Electrical - Metric Units: Part 31: Limited Fire Hazard General Requirements for the Design of Electrotechnical and Naval Weapon Equipment (Restricted) Requirements for Electrical Installations Guide to Cables, Electrical and Associated Items Guide to Lightning Protection in Surface Ships (Restricted-Commercial) Requirements for Cables, Electric: Part 1: Pressure Tight Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) or Silicone Rubber Insulated, Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene (CSP), Limited Fire Hazard (LFH) Sheathed Requirements for Electric Cables, Thin Wall Insulated, Limited Fire Hazard Requirements for Cables, Electric, Fire Survival, High Temperature Zones and Limited Fire Hazard Sheathed Requirements for Main and Distribution Switchgear Guide to the Design of Electrical Supply and Distribution Systems in Surface Ships (Restricted) Requirements for Design and Testing of Equipment to Meet Environmental Conditions (UK Restricted) Shock Manual (Metric) Volume 1 Volume 2 Shock and Vibration Manual Mounting System Design Installation and Maintenance Naval Standard Range Mounts for Equipment Installation (to Attenuate Mechanical Shock or Vibration) Miscellaneous Mounts for Equipment Installation (to Attenuate Mechanical Shock or Vibration) YARD Memo Neutral Earthing of Marine Electrical Power Systems 1982
DEF STAN 59-41 DEF STAN 61-5 DEF STAN 61-12 NES 501 NES 502 NES 512 NES 516 NES 517
NES 525 NES 527 NES 530 NES 532 NES 1004 BR 3021
BR 8470 BR 8471 BR 8472 BR 8473 YM3889/82
ANNEX A
A.2
ANNEX B. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

B1. For the purpose of this NES the following abbreviations apply: AE AP APC AVR A&R CME CP CSP DEF STAN DLO DME/ME DPA EMC EPR EOW FEP HOFR HV IEE IFEP ITO LFH LOA LOB LV MEO MGO MOD MOD(N) MTPU MV NES PCC PFT PFW Authorising Engineer Authorised Person Authorised Person in Control Automatic Voltage Regulator Availability and Reliability Circuit Main Earth Competent Person Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Defence Standard Defence Logistics Organisation Director Marine Engineering/Marine Engineering Defence Procurement Agency Electromagnetic Compatibility Ethylene Propylene Rubber Engineering Officer of the Watch Full Electric Propulsion Heat resistant, Oil resistant and Flame Retardant High Voltage Institute of Electrical Engineers Integrated Full Electric Propulsion Inverse Time Over-current Limited Fire Hazard Limitation of Access Lock Out Box Low Voltage Marine Engineering Officer Minimum Generator Operation Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence (Navy) Motor Thermal Protection Unit Medium Voltage Naval Engineering Standard Point of Common Coupling Permit for Test Permit for Work
B.1
ANNEX B
PGO rms RN SGO STR THD UPC VCB VT ZH B2.
Parallel Generator Operation Root Mean Square Royal Navy Single Generator Operation Statement of Technical Requirements Total Harmonic Distortion Unit Production Cost Vacuum Circuit Breaker Voltage Transformer Zero Halogen
For the purpose of the NES the following definitions apply: Medium Voltage I2R Any ac voltage between 1 kV and 15 kV Heating losses referred to current
ANNEX B
B.2
ANNEX C. PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST

Notes: 1. 2. 3. This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval Engineering Standard are consulted when preparing a procurement specification for a particular application. Clauses where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data are to be added are included in the Check List. Each item is to be marked either: = included NA = not applicable
Check No.
1 2 3
Check
Quality of MV power supplies Compliance with DEF STAN 61-5 Contribution to waveform quality: a. b. c. Rectifiers Starting and inrush currents Local balance Spikes, surges and sags Voltage and current line to line imbalance Harmonics Notches Voltage ripple Modulation flicker
Clause No.
1.3 1.4 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.6 2.1 and Annex E 3.1 3.2, 3.3 and 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.13
or NA
Susceptibility to waveform quality: a. b. c. d. e. f.
5 6 7 8 9
Safety and rules for working with MV equipment MV electrical power requirements Voltage, Current and Contact Protection Parallel feeders Earthing Policy for MV systems in HM Surface Ships and Submarines: a. b. c. d. Considerations in selecting earthing methods Unearthed neutral systems High imbalance neutral earthing Maintenance earthing
10
MV cables and conductors
C.1
ANNEX C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Bulkhead penetrators Circuit breakers Switchboards Transformers Fuses MV Testing Commissioning/Special Test Equipment Mains ac electrical power supply and distribution Interfaces with LV distribution systems Instrumentation and control Integrity of MV electrical power supplies Power system integrity Levels of over voltage in systems and methods of reducing Fault Level MV creepage and clearances
3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.10 and 4.11 4.12 4.13
ANNEX C
C.2
ANNEX D. STATEMENT OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE MATRIX

D1. This Annex provides a checklist of salient points which need to be considered when writing an STR. NES 607 refers to the STR on many of these topics. Topic or parameter Quality of Power Limits Fixed voltage system and nominal voltage Variable voltage system and voltage range Average line-to-line voltage Line voltage unbalance tolerance Maximum voltage deviation from average Voltage modulation Voltage sag; depth and recovery time Voltage surge; depth and recovery time Fixed frequency system and nominal frequency Variable frequency system and frequency range Frequency tolerance Frequency modulation Frequency sag; depth and recovery time Frequency surge; depth and recovery time dc offset Voltage spike; peak, waveshape, energy Limits of harmonic distortion NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. Requirement for this topic is stated in the STR. A requirement for this topic is not applicable for this project. This aspect of the design, or value of the parameter, is left to the discretion of the contractor. The requirement for this topic is stated in another section of the STR (or in another STR). Tick one column per parameter STR1 N/A2 Contractor3 Diff4
Table D1 Statement of Technical Requirements Compliancy Matrix Quality of Power Supplies
D.1
ANNEX D
Topic or parameter User Equipment Constraints Switch ON/start up current transient limitation Duty cycle and period of pulsed loads Harmonic distortion limits Commutation notch depth and duration restrictions Permitted out of balance load on a 3 Phase supply Earth leakage currents Conducted and radiated EMC limits Equipment short circuit fault current rating NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. Requirement for this topic is stated in the STR.
Tick one column per parameter STR1 N/A2 Contractor3 Diff4
A requirement for this topic is not applicable for this project. This aspect of the design, or value of the parameter, is left to the discretion of the contractor. The requirement for this topic is stated in another section of the STR (or in another STR).
Table D2 Statement of Technical Requirements Compliancy Matrix User Equipment Constraints
ANNEX D
D.2
Topic or parameter Availability and Reliability A&R requirements for LV supplies A&R requirements for propulsion A&R requirements for MV supplies to miscellaneous loads including pulsed loads Applicability of Standards EMC DEF STAN 59-41 Environmental NES 1004 Hazards ARM Noise and Vibration Shock General Method of earthing Specific alternative supply arrangements Specific requirements for parallel and back-up supplies Specific protection requirements such as reverse power protection Specific testing requirements Tests for machines with vacuum impregnation NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. Requirement for this topic is stated in the STR.
Tick one column per parameter STR1 N/A2 Contractor3 Diff4
A requirement for this topic is not applicable for this project. This aspect of the design, or value of the parameter, is left to the discretion of the contractor. The requirement for this topic is stated in another section of the STR (or in another STR).
Table D3 Statement of Technical Requirement Compliancy Matrix Miscellaneous Topics
D.3
ANNEX D
ANNEX D
D.4
ANNEX E. SAFETY RULES FOR WORK ON OR NEAR MEDIUM VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONTENTS
Rule E1. E2. E3. E4. E5. E6. E7. E8. E9. RULE 1 RULE 2 RULE 3 RULE 4 RULE 5 RULE 6 RULE 7 RULE 8 RULE 9 Access to MV Compartments and Equipment Access to Confined Spaces Key Arrangements Duplicate Keys MV Switching Indicating and Recording of MV Switching Safety Locks Caution and Danger Notices Precautions to be Taken Before Working on MV Systems Page E.2 E.2 E.2 E.3 E.3 E.4 E.4 E.4 E.5 E.5 E.6 E.9 E.9 E.9 E.9 E.11 E.12 E.13 E.13 E.14
E10. RULE 10 Earthing E11. RULE 11 Permits for Work and Test and Limitations of Access E12. RULE 12 On Completion of Work E13. RULE 13 Testing MV Equipment E14. RULE 14 Remotely and Automatically Controlled Equipment E15. RULE 15 Work on MV Metal Clad Switchgear E16. RULE 16 Work on MV Distribution Transformers E17. RULE 17 Work in MV Compartments Containing Exposed Live MV Conductors E18. RULE 18 Work on Ancillary Equipment E19. RULE 20 Fire Protection Equipment E20. RULE 21 Work on MV Cables
E.1
ANNEX E

E1. RULE 1 - ACCESS TO MEDIUM VOLTAGE COMPARTMENTS AND EQUIPMENT a. All unmanned compartments containing MV equipment are to be kept secure to deny unauthorised access. Access to these compartments requires prior approval of the APC, from whom access keys are to be drawn. Exceptionally, AP with master keys do not require prior approval but should inform the APC of their presence in the compartment. Persons who do not have adequate knowledge or experience to avoid danger and who have not been instructed in the action to be taken in the event of an accident, must not enter any MV compartment manned or otherwise. Barriers (including plates) denying access to MV enclosures, chambers, cubicles or cells are normally to be kept locked. No person may open or enter any such enclosure, chamber, cubicle or cell in which a live conductor is exposed except: (1). An AP accompanied by another person who has adequate knowledge or experience to avoid danger and who has been instructed in the action to be taken in the event of an accident, A CP acting under the direct supervision of an AP who has adequate knowledge or experience to avoid danger and who has been instructed in the action to be taken in the event of an accident.
b.
c.
(2).
d.
All spout shutters not required for immediate work or operation must, if not otherwise made inaccessible, be locked shut.
E2. RULE 2 - ACCESS TO CONFINED SPACES a. No person is to enter, and exposed flames or smoking are prohibited in, any confined space unless adequate precautions have been taken (e.g. use of suitable natural or forced ventilation) and the consent of an AP obtained. When dangerous fumes are liable to be present, these precautions are to include testing for gas, or absence of oxygen by means of an approved detector. Where one or more persons are required to work in a confined space, an extra person is to be kept on duty outside the confined space and that person is to keep in touch with the worker(s) inside the confined space. The extra person must not enter the confined space at any time, and should any incident occur the alarm is to be immediately raised. All entry to, and work within, a confined space must conform to the requirements of MOD safety rules covering confined spaces.
b.
E3. RULE 3 - KEY ARRANGEMENTS a. b. All unmanned compartments containing MV equipment are to be fitted with a unique lock. All locks are to belong to a single suite for which a master key is available. Master keys held for the system are to be issued by the AE to specific persons. Details of each master, its number, service, to whom it is issued and reason for its issue must be entered in a separate register kept by the AE who must also muster the keys regularly. The recipients of the issue are to sign a receipt for each key. No key is to be removed from the vessel, and when not in use, keys must be kept in a locked security cupboard or safe. All MV compartment and switchgear keys are to be uniquely numbered and all key numbers listed in the MV Key Register, each key being kept on a key ring with a tally attached giving the key number and the name of the compartment or switch to which it applies. When not issued to an AP or CP all keys are to be kept in a locked key press , under the control of the APC, the key to the press being in the possession of the APC at all times.
c.
ANNEX E
E.2

d. When keys are issued for any purpose, the following details are to be entered in the MV Key Register by the person requiring the keys, and signed by him: (1). (2). (3). e. f. Keys required; Date and time of issue; Nature of work requiring issue of keys.
After the entry has been completed, the APC will countersign the entry and issue the necessary keys to the AP . On completion of the work, the keys are to be returned to the APC, the date and time being recorded in the register and countersigned by the APC. Security arrangements for safety locks and keys issued to an AP are covered in detail in Rule 11. If duplicate keys for any MV equipment or compartment are held for emergency use, they are to be kept in a separate locked key press in the office of the Senior AP or other defined location. Details of the issue of duplicate keys must be kept in accordance with Rule 3, by the authorised key holder. When a requirement exists to hold duplicate or master interlock keys, these should be held by the AE in a separate locked key press and only used under his direct supervision with the sanction of the APC. No MV switching is to be carried out without the prior sanction of the APC except for agreed routine switching or in case of emergency. When the APC gives instructions for MV switching to be carried out he is to communicate with the AP who is to carry out the switching. The AP is to report back the instruction prior to taking the action, to confirm his understanding of the instruction. Before any switching is carried out on any system which may affect other systems, the APC authorising the switching is to communicate with the Control Engineer of the systems concerned, the switching being recorded by all concerned. When switching or other work is being arranged between the APC and AP(s), any objections must be referred to the AE for a decision before the operations are commenced. Switching to the instructions of the APC or with his consent is to be carried out without undue delay. All switching whether to instructions or with consent, or when there is a danger to life or any other case of emergency, is to be reported to the APC as soon as possible after each operation. The circumstances of an occurrence necessitating any emergency switching are to be reported at the same time in accordance with Rule 6. When switchgear shows any sign of distress, its condition must be reported immediately to the APC and it must be examined before further operation. Any circuit breaker opening under fault conditions should if practicable, be checked for signs of distress. Making live or dead by signal or pre arranged understanding after an agreed interval of time, is forbidden. Direct communication is required at all times during remote switching operations.
E4. RULE 4 - DUPLICATE KEYS a.
b. c.
E5. RULE 5 - MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHING a. b.
c.
d.
e.
f. g. h.
E.3
ANNEX E

E6. RULE 6 - INDICATING AND RECORDING OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHING a. All AP carrying out MV switching or linking operations are to provide the APC or his delegated representative with full particulars of those operations as soon as possible after they have been completed. The APC or his delegated representative is to record in the log book provided for the purpose, or by other approved method, the date, time, location and identity of the switch or switches concerned, the operation and the reason for all such operations carried out during his shift duty. The log book, or other approved record, is to be confirmed by signature of the APC at the end of the watch, if completed by his deputy. All communications relating to the operation of the MV system must whenever practicable, be written down or recorded. Every message is to be repeated in full back to the sender to ensure that the message has been accurately received. The APC is to be responsible for the correctness of the supervisory display of the systems in the Main Control Room. Hand dressed displays are to be amended only and as soon as possible after completion of the MV switching operation has been reported by the AP concerned. The APC must check for correct indication of any automatic monitoring system.
b.
c. d.
e.
E7. RULE 7 - SAFETY LOCKS a. Safety locks are to be used when making a system or equipment safe prior to the issue or PTW, e.g. for locking off shutters, selector switches, operating handles, etc. where the circuit on which work is to be carried out could be energised. They may be the normal equipment locks or additional locks specifically provided for the purpose. Each safety lock is to have only one key which is different from all other safety lock keys in use. The keys for normal equipment locks are to be kept in the key press required by Rule 3. When not in use, additional safety locks and their keys must be kept in a key safe, or other safe place, in the possession of an AP or the APC. When the circuit on which the work is to be carried out is controlled only by fuses, or links, the fuses, links and carriers are to be removed and kept in custody of the AP in charge of the work or the APC. Such custody is to be equivalent to that provided by a key safe.
b.
c.
E8. RULE 8 - CAUTION AND DANGER NOTICES a. Caution Notices must be fixed, preferably using a safety lock, on all switchgear controlling the equipment which has been made dead and upon which work is to be carried out. Danger Notices must be attached (where applicable) on or adjacent to live equipment at the limits of the zone in which the work is to proceed. Where necessary to physically define and/or restrict access to the working area, additional temporary Barriers/Screens are to be erected. Caution Notices, Danger Notices, Barriers and Screens must only be fixed or moved under the immediate supervision of an AP .
b. c. d.
ANNEX E
E.4

E9. RULE 9 - PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE WORKING ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEMS a. b. Pre Requisite: It is the duty of the AP issuing the Permit to ensure that the following provisions are complied with. No person is to undertake any repairs, maintenance, cleaning, alteration or such work, on any part of MV equipment unless that person is fully conversant with the nature and also the extent of the work to be done. Before any of the above procedures are carried out on any part of a MV system, that part must be: (1). (2). (3). (4). (5). c. Dead; Isolated and all practicable steps taken to lock off from live conductors; Efficiently connected to earth at all points of disconnection of supply to such equipment, or between such points and the point(s) of work; Screened when necessary to prevent danger and Danger Notices fixed; Released for work by the issue of a PFW or PFT.
Only the approved pattern of link stick is to be used for discharging and earthing a conductor. When a temporary earthing arrangement is required, the link stick temporarily earthing a conductor is to be kept in position until earthing cables have been securely attached. No person is to touch, work on, or in any way interfere with MV equipment such as busbar connections, transformer connections, machine windings, or cable trays containing MV cables unless and until personally instructed by, and under the supervision of, an AP . No person is to touch the electrical insulation of MV busbars, windings or conductors unless and until the equipment has been discharged to earth and connected to earth. Circuit Main Earth When MV equipment is to be discharged and earthed in accordance with Rule 9c, it is to be done: (1). Where practicable, by the use of a circuit breaker or specially provided earth switch to make the earth connection. When the circuit breaker is used, the trip feature must be rendered inoperative before closing, unless this is impracticable. After closing, the circuit breaker or earth switch must be locked in the earthed position, while it is in Circuit Main Earth (CME); Where (1). is not practicable, the MV equipment is to be tested to ensure that it is dead and may then be discharged and earthed by an earthing lead applied by an approved means in accordance the Rule above. NOTE The approved pattern link stick is one fitted with a porcelain or similar insulator between the brass hook and the handle. The earthing cable, connected to the hook is to be of not less than 70 mm2 conductor cross section. The free end earthing clamp shall be of an approved type and able to carry a current to earth equivalent to the cable capacity.
d.
e.
E10. RULE 10 - EARTHING E10.1. a.
(2).
E10.2. a.
Operation No MV earthing switch must be operated or CME connection attached or removed except with the consent of the APC, and then only by an AP accompanied by another person who has adequate knowledge or experience to avoid danger, and who has been instructed in the action to be taken in the event of an accident.
E.5
ANNEX E

E10.3. a. Recording of Circuit Main Earths Each operation must be reported to the APC as soon as possible after completion and the date, time of application, precise location recorded in the MV switching record. (1). (2). E10.4. a. The precise location of each CME shall be recorded on the PFW or PFT. Removal of CME must be similarly reported to the APC and the date and time recorded.
Procedure for the use of Earthing Leads The procedure to be followed when using earthing leads is: (1). Verify that the circuit is not live, and where practicable, test by means of a potential detector of an approved type, the indicator itself being tested immediately before and after the verification; Earthing leads are to be connected to the earth system before being secured to the phases. They must only be secured to the phases by an approved means. Care must be taken to ensure that a good contact is made; All phases are to be earthed, even if work is to be carried out on one phase only; Earthing leads must not be applied in any cell or compartment in which there is any exposed metal live at MV; When earthing leads are being removed, they are to be disconnected from the phases first and the earth system last; For the purpose of earthing on spout contacts of metal clad switchgear, only approved appliances are to be used. The insertion of the hand or any tool into contact spouts for this purpose is forbidden; Earthing leads are to be properly maintained, always examined for defects immediately prior to use, and inspected and approved for use annually by an AP . NOTE Additional earths applied after the issue of a PFW or PFT may be attached or removed by a CP The status of these earths should be given to the APC . at each change.
(2).
(3). (4). (5). (6).
(7).
E11. RULE 11 - PERMITS FOR WORK AND TEST AND LIMITATIONS OF ACCESS E11.1. a. b. Authority for Issue A PFW or a PFT may only be issued with the sanction of the APC who must retain in his custody a written record of the issue of each Permit and its cancellation. A PFW or PFT may only be issued by the AP under whose supervision the work is initiated and is to be issued before any work is carried out on any equipment forming part of, or which may be energised from a MV system. A LOA is to be issued by an AP when verbal instructions are not considered sufficient and a PFW is not relevant. For work in the vicinity of live MV or control equipment, an LOA is to only be issued with the sanction of the APC. Procedure for Issue and Receipt For all programmed work or tests on MV equipment, the AP under whose supervision the work is initiated must first prepare and agree with the APC a Safety Programme detailing the activities considered necessary to make the equipment safe. There is to be no more than one extant master document for a switching sequence.
c.
E11.2. a.
ANNEX E
E.6

b. The Safety Programme (Annex 2) which is to be completed in duplicate is to include: (1). (2). (3). (4). (5). (6). (7). c. d. The equipment concerned and the purpose of the work; Particulars of the complete sequence of operation; The location at which each operation is to be performed; The identity of each switch to be operated; The reason for the operation; A diagram showing the points at which the equipment will be isolated and earthed; Any special safety instructions or safety measures.
The agreed Safety Programme is to be signed by the AP and sanctioned by the APC, who must retain the copy and issue the keys in accordance with Rule 3. Having drawn the relevant keys the AP is to proceed to the MV equipment upon which the work is pending and cause the equipment to be made safe in accordance with the Safety Programme, the original of which he has retained, and Rule 9. Once the equipment is made safe to work upon, the AP initiating the work must create a PFW or PFT from the appropriate Permit Book. (The Permit Book shall be kept in close custody by the APC). Before issuing the Permit, the AP is to: (1). (2). (3). (4). Physically identify to the CP in charge of the work; the equipment on which the work or test is to be undertaken; Show the CP the specific points of isolation and earthing, and for a PFT, the earth(s) which may be removed for testing purposes; Draw the attention of the CP to any special instructions or safety measures noted on the Permit; Demonstrate to the satisfaction of the CP that the equipment is dead and safe to work on or test.
e.
f.
g.
The Permit must be signed by the AP initiating the work, sanctioned by the APC and issued to the CP in charge of the work who, after reading and confirming that he understands its contents, is to initial any special instructions or safety measures noted on the Permit and sign its receipt and the duplicate. The original of the Permit is to be issued to, and retained by, the CP throughout the work process. The duplicate must be retained by the APC. The keys of the equipment and safety locks are to be placed in a LOB by the AP The LOB . must be secured by three individual locks, each having a unique key. The APC and CP should each retain a LOB key throughout the work process. The secured LOB must be placed in key safe in the custody of the APC. Any other person or persons required to assist in the performance of the work are to do so only when the AP or the CP in charge is present. A LOA is to be issued to the CP in charge of the work who, after reading and confirming its contents are understood, is to initial any special instructions or safety measures noted on the LOA and sign its receipt and the duplicate. The person issuing the LOA should inform the APC of any fire protection or security system inhibits he has initiated. The person in charge to whom the LOA is issued is to be a CP who is to retain the LOA in his possession at all times while the work is in progress.
h. i.
j. k. l.
m. n.
E.7
ANNEX E

o. The person issuing the LOA is to retain the duplicate and inform the APC of the LOA details for record purposes, except when the LOA requires to be sanctioned, when the APC should retain the duplicate. When more than one Working Party is concerned, a Permit (or LOA) is to be issued to the CP in charge of each Working Party. In situations where two Working Parties, each having separate Permits are made safe by the same equipment keys, then the keys for the first LOB must be locked in the LOB for the second Permit. The keys from the second LOB must be issued as Rule (j) above. Precautions During Progress of Work The equipment isolated and earthed for work under the terms of a PFW or PFT is to remain so until the Permit has been cleared, returned to an AP and cancelled. , The acceptance of a Permit or LOA makes the CP personally responsible for directly supervising or undertaking the defined work or test. The CP must not leave the working place or undertake other work or tests while the defined work or test is in progress. During any temporary absence of the CP the work or test is to be suspended and , adequate safety precautions taken until the work or test is resumed. Transfer of Control If it is necessary for the control of work to be transferred before the work is completed, the following procedure applies: (1). When transferring control of AP both copies of the PFW or PFT are to be signed by , the AP relinquishing control and the AP accepting responsibility. The APC should note the transfer on both copies of the PFW or PFT and time and date the change. When transferring control of CP both copies of the PFW or PFT should be changed , as in Rule E11.4.(1) and the change authorised by the AP on both copies.
p. q.
E11.3. a. b.
E11.4. a.
(2). b. E11.5. a.
Transfer of responsibility for LOA is not to be authorised and any change of AP or CP should require the cancellation of original and re issue of a new LOA. Procedure for Clearance and Cancellation When work on equipment for which a PFW or PFT has been issued is suspended or completed, the CP in charge of the work is to return the Permit to the AP for cancellation and sign the clearance portion of the duplicate. Before cancellation of the Permit for completed work, the AP is to check that the work or test has been completed and that the equipment is safe. The cancellation of the Permit will be signed by the AP and noted by the APC. Before suspended work is resumed, a new PFW or PFT must be issued. When cancelling a PFT to allow a PFW to be raised, the cancellation section of the PFT should contain a declaration by the AP that all the CME have been reapplied to allow the PFW reissue. Upon cancellation of the Permit for completed work, the AP is to return all keys immediately to the APC, clearing the MV key register, and inform him of the return to, or availability for service, of the equipment as may have been agreed.
b. c. d.
e.
ANNEX E
E.8

f. When the work for which a LOA has been issued is suspended or completed the recipient is to return his copy of the LOA to the issuing authority for cancellation and sign the clearance portion of the duplicate. The APC must be informed of the cancellation and any issued keys returned immediately. Before suspended work is resumed, a new LOA is to be issued. When more than one PFW has been issued for work on MV equipment associated with the same CME, the AP is to ensure that all such Permits have been cancelled before the circuit main earths are removed. On completion of any alteration or repair, prior to connection of MV equipment to the MV system, the AP must adjust, or cause to be adjusted to a safety limit the setting of any protective gear relating to the MV equipment; is to prove, or cause to be proved, the correct phasing of the equipment; is to re attach, or cause to be re attached, all permanent earth wires or leads; is to remove, or cause to be removed, all temporary earth connections; is to return to service any fire protection or security system. The AP is to witness the withdrawal of all tools and workmen and must immediately supervise the restoration of the equipment to service as agreed by the APC. When any MV equipment is to be subject to test voltage before being connected to the MV system, the AP responsible for applying the test voltage is to ensure that such equipment is adequately guarded to prevent danger, and that danger notices are attached in conspicuous positions during the period the equipment may be subject to voltage. A PFT must be raised for the testing. All cables are to be discharged before connecting the temporary test conductors. All temporary conductors used for testing purposes are to be of an adequate size and easily visible. All cables including temporary test conductors are to be discharged before and after application of the test voltages. Test connections must not be applied in a cell or compartment in which there is exposed metal live at medium voltage. (This rule does not exclude the use of approved voltage indicators, or approved devices for testing and phasing out circuits). On completion of the testing and after the final discharge, all temporary test conductors must be removed and the PFT cancelled. Before work is carried out on remotely or automatically controlled equipment such as circuit breakers, isolators, tap changing gear, air compressors, or diesel generators, all remote control and automatic features must first be rendered inoperative. Whilst such work is in progress, no work is to be carried out on the controlling equipment, wiring or relays except by an AP or a CP acting under his direct supervision. Busbar Spouts or Multi Panel Switchboard When work is to be carried out on busbar spouts the following operations are to be carried out in strict sequence: (1). The section of the busbars on which work is to be carried out are to be isolated from all points of supply from which it can be made live. (This is to include busbar Voltage Transformers (VT) when fitted);
g.
E12. RULE 12 - ON COMPLETION OF WORK a.
b.
E13. RULE 13 - TESTING MEDIUM VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT a.
b.
c.
d.
E14. RULE 14 - REMOTELY AND AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED EQUIPMENT a.
b.
E15. RULE 15 - WORK ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE METAL CLAD SWITCHGEAR E15.1. a.
E.9
ANNEX E

(2). The isolating arrangements are to be locked so that they cannot be operated and shutters for live spouts are to be locked shut. Where on load busbar isolators are installed, and it is impossible to isolate them from all points of supply, then all switches that can be closed onto the busbars on which work is to be carried out are to have their mechanisms locked in the òpen' position and the closing mechanisms must be made inoperative; The busbars are to be checked by means of an approved voltage indicator to verify that they are not live, the indicator itself being tested immediately before and after verification. The checking with the voltage indicator is to be done on the panel which is to be earthed with the CME; CME of approved type is to be applied at a panel other than that at which work is to be done, on the isolated section of busbars. The insertion of the hand or any tool into contact spouts for this purpose is forbidden; Caution Notices must be attached at all points where the busbars can be made live; Danger Notices must be attached (if applicable) on or adjacent to the live equipment at the limits of the zone in which work may be carried out; A PFW is to be issued; Work on the spouts must then be done under the immediate supervision of an AP who is to prove each spout dead by means of an approved voltage indicator before it is worked on, the indicator itself being tested before and after each verification.
(3).
(4).
(5). (6). (7). (8).
E15.2. a. b. c. d.
Feed Spouts Voltage Transformer Spouts and Single Panel Busbar Spouts The spouts on which the work is to be carried out are to be isolated from all points of supply from which they can be made live. The isolating arrangements are to be locked so that they cannot be operated and the shutters of live spouts shall be locked shut. The spout contacts are to be checked by means of an approved voltage indicator to verify that they are not live, the indicator itself being tested before and after such verification. The circuit must be earthed with approved earthing equipment at the point of work and where practicable at all points of isolation of the supply. For the purpose of earthing metal clad switchgear, only approved appliances shall be used. The insertion of the hand or any tool into the contact spouts is forbidden. Caution Notices must be attached at all points where the circuit can be made live. A PFW must be issued. Work on spouts must then be done under the immediate supervision of an AP Removal . of earths at the point of work and proof that each spout is dead will be done by means of an approved voltage indicator, before it is worked on, the indicator itself being tested before and after each verification. If the only earths that can be applied to the circuit are those applied to the spouts and are the CME, then whilst this work is in progress, no other work shall be carried out on the circuit connected to these spouts. The spouts must only be worked on one at a time and that phase's earth replaced prior to working on the next phase. Notwithstanding that work may only be required on one phase spout, all phases are to be earthed prior to commencement of work. Where the spouts are connected to an overhead circuit on which there is a likelihood of dangerous induced voltages, additional earths shall be efficiently connected at the nearest point to the point of work where access to the conductors can safely be obtained.
e. f. g.
h. i.
ANNEX E
E.10

j. When withdrawable equipment has been disconnected from all supplies and withdrawn from its normal live position, its conductors shall be discharged to earth, but need not remain connected to earth. Withdrawable Equipment When work is to be carried out on withdrawable equipment, the following operations are to be carried out in strict sequence: (1). (2). (3). (4). (5). The equipment is to be disconnected from all supplies and locked off from live conductors with safety locks; The conductors of the equipment is to be discharged to earth; Caution Notices must be attached at all points of isolation; Danger Notices must be attached where applicable on or adjacent to live equipment at the limits of the zone in which the work may be carried out; If work on the withdrawn equipment carried out within a substation includes testing and adjustments, the auxiliary supplies required may be connected by the CP in charge of the work.
E15.3. a.
E15.4. a.
Auxiliary Equipment When work is to be carried out on auxiliary equipment such as a circuit breaker truck, voltage transformer relay, control or other equipment associated with live MV metal clad switchgear and there is a need to specify restriction of the access to be granted, a LOA must be used.
E16. RULE 16 - WORK ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS a. When working on the connections to, or the windings of a transformer, the following operations are to be carried out: (1). The circuit breaker supplying the transformer is to be isolated. For transformers supplied from a switchfuse, the switches are to be isolated and additionally the fuses are to be removed; CME is to be applied preferably at the circuit breaker or switchfuse supplying the transformer. The earthing is to be achieved with approved earthing equipment; To prevent feedback from the output side of the transformer, the output circuit breaker or switchfuse is to be isolated and any output fuses removed; CME is to also be applied preferably at the transformer side of the output circuit breaker or switchfuse. The earthing is to be achieved with approved earthing equipment; Additionally, all fuses or links associated with voltage and auxiliary transformers must be withdrawn and where practicable, the voltage and auxiliary transformers isolated; Where remote tap changing facilities are part of the equipment, the remote control must be made inoperative; Caution Notices must be attached at all points where the transformer can be made live;
(2). (3). (4).
(5).
(6). (7).
E.11
ANNEX E

(8). Danger Notices must be attached (where applicable) on or adjacent to the live apparatus at the limits of the zone in which work may be carried out. Prior to issue of a PFW, the transformer is to be isolated from all common neutral earthing equipment from which it may become `live'. This requirement does not apply to the disconnection of solidly earthed neutrals or to neutral equipment connected solely to the transformer on which work is to be done; At the time of issue of the PFW, the AP is to identify to the CP the transformer on which work is to be performed and that the transformer is de energised. This is particularly relevant at locations with groups of transformers.
(9).
E16.1. a.
Auxiliary Equipment Where work is to be carried out on auxiliary equipment associated with a live MV transformer and there is a need to specify restriction of the access to be granted, a LOA is to be issued.
E17. RULE 17 - WORK IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE COMPARTMENTS CONTAINING EXPOSED LIVE MEDIUM VOLTAGE CONDUCTORS E17.1. a. Safety Clearance to Live Conductors When work is to be carried out in MV compartments in which there are exposed live MV conductors then, unless the whole equipment is dead, the section which is made dead for work to be carried out is to be defined, as far as possible, by the use of barriers or roping arranged so that the minimum clearance from the nearest exposed conductor to ground level, or platform, or access way which may be required to be used when the conductor is live is to be: Rated Voltage Not exceeding 6.6 kV Exceeding 6.6 kV but not exceeding 11 kV Exceeding 11 kV but not exceeding 22 kV Clearance 2.57 m 2.59 m 2.64 m
NOTE Further guidance to the minimum clearance from an exposed live conductor can be obtained from BS 5486. b. Ropes or barriers must be so arranged that there is a properly defined access way into the area in which it is safety to work. No person is permitted to climb over or under any rope or barrier. The placement of the ropes or barriers is to be under the immediate supervision of the AP initiating the work, ropes and barriers are only to be re located or removed with the personal sanction and under the immediate supervision of an AP . If work cannot be carried out without leaving ground level or fixed platform or access ways, the minimum clearances already quoted must also be obtained from the nearest exposed live MV conductor to the points from which work is carried out. If the work is such that these clearances are not sufficient to avoid danger, other suitable arrangements are to be made to provide the requisite degree of safety. The ropes or barriers are to be clearly visible and their meaning understood. The ropes or barriers must not be supported by any structure carrying electrical equipment or conductors, and must not carry any notice. Danger notices must be attached to adjoining live MV equipment.
c.
d.
e. f.
ANNEX E
E.12

E17.2. a. Use of Portable Ladders and Long Objects Where There are Exposed Live Conductors Portable ladders are to be of an approved type and of no greater length than is required for the work involved. Long objects include any items of any material which may dangerously reduce safety clearances when used or moved. Portable ladders and other long objects must not be used without the permission of the AP who is to define on site the conditions of use to the person in charge of the work. The movement and erection of such ladders is to then be carried out only under the direct supervision of the person in charge of the work. When not in use, portable ladders must not be left within MV compartments or switching stations, and must be padlocked to a secure anchorage. When lifting or other equipment such as preformed scaffolding is taken into or out of a MV compartment, the route to be followed is to be agreed by the AP initiating the work. The crane or other equipment are to be connected to the MV compartment earthing system as soon as practicable. The limits of operation of such equipment is to be defined by the AP initiating the work and thereafter the equipment is to be erected or moved only within these limits and under his direct supervision. Equipment Operated by or Containing Compressed Air The following precautions are to be taken before any work, other than operating adjustments may be carried out on the MV equipment operated by or containing compressed air: (1). The valves controlling the supply of air to the equipment are to be closed and the air released from the associated receivers and pipework which are to be left open to atmosphere; The operation of the valves is to be prohibited by the application of rip out and tag out procedures.
b.
c. d.
E18. RULE 18 - WORK ON ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT E18.1. a.
(2). E18.2. a.
Operating Adjustments Operating adjustments on equipment operated by or containing compressed air which require the normal air supply, are to be carried out only under the immediate supervision of an AP . Automatic Control Before work or inspections are carried out in any enclosure protected by automatic fire extinguishing equipment: (1). The automatic control is to be rendered inoperative and the equipment inhibited from operation or left on hand control. A Caution Notice must be attached; Precautions taken to render the automatic control inoperative is to be noted on any Permit to Work, or other written instruction issued for the work in the protected enclosure. This is equally applicable to a LOA to such a protected enclosure; The automatic control is to be restored immediately after the persons engaged on the work or inspections have withdrawn from the protected enclosure; The actions to render the automatic control inoperative and to restore to service is to be carried out by an AP or a CP only;
E19. RULE 20 - FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT E19.1. a.
(2).
(3).
(4).
E.13
ANNEX E

(5). E19.2. a. E19.3. a. The APC is to be informed at the time the actions take place and these actions must be recorded.
Equipment-Chemical Hazard Contact with chemicals used in fire protection equipment may be dangerous and in such cases, notices to that effect are to be displayed adjacent to the fire protection equipment. Portable Extinguishers Only approved portable extinguishers are to be used in the vicinity of live electrical equipment provided that in the handling of the extinguishers safety clearances are maintained. Direct discharge onto electrical equipment is prohibited unless the equipment is known to be disconnected from all sources of supply. General After discharge of portable or fixed fire extinguishers in an enclosed space, the space is to be thoroughly ventilated before entry, or breathing apparatus shall be worn if entry is necessary before the gases have cleared and the enclosed space declared to be safe.
b. E19.4. a.
E20. RULE 21 - WORK ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE CABLES a. The physical movement of MV cables whilst energised should be avoided. When exceptionally it is necessary, the actions to be taken are to be specifically defined permission is to be obtained from a AE, and the APC is to give permission for the commencement of the movement. On completion, the AP immediately supervising the movement is to inform the APC. No person is to remove the outer protective sheathing on MV cables so as to expose the insulation which covers or supports any conductor subject to high voltage, unless the conductors are dead and earthed. Before issuing a PFW for work on a high voltage cable, the AP in addition to the procedure of Rule E9. is to identify the cable to be worked upon. The cable at the point of work must then be spiked in an approved manner. This process should not normally be carried out at sea. NOTES: 1. 2. d. The steel spike should be of a remotely operated power type, earthed with a cable of not less than 70 mm2 cross section. Prior to the spiking action and immediately after the action, the AP is to inform the APC of his action.
b.
c.
When work is to be carried out on any cables which may be subjected to induced voltages from other live circuits in their proximity, special precautions are to be taken to prevent danger from any voltage which might appear.
ANNEX E
E.14
ANNEX F. SAFETY TERMINOLOGY

This Annex provides a list of general terminology and related actions to be taken to ensure safety of personnel. F1. Additional Earth a. An earth of approved type is to be applied during the work in hand. Additional earths are to be applied on the instructions of the APC, following the issue of a PFW. Àpproved' means of a type complying with Statutory Regulations, NES, British Standards and sanctioned for use by the Authorising Engineer or the APC on his behalf, when he is instructed in writing to do so. A member of Ship's Staff who meets the requirements of a CP and is appointed or selected by the AE to carry out specific tasks in connection with the control, operation and maintenance of MV distribution systems. Normally of Officer or Senior Rate status. See Table F1 for general duties. The APC will normally be the Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOW) who is in charge of the main control room and associated switchboard. He is responsible for the overall co ordination of the operation and maintenance of all electrical distribution systems. Where the EOW is required away from the control room he must formally transfer his authority to a person qualified to discharge these duties, prior to leaving the control room. See Table F1 for general duties. The Marine Engineering Officer (MEO) shall normally discharge the duties of the AE, these being: (1). (2). (3). (4). The selection, training and appointment of AP; The interpretation of the electrical safety rules and statutory requirements; Authorising the issue of any deviation from the approved safety rules; Ensuring that all amendments to the approval safety rules are brought to the attention of, and are fully understood by all AP and other persons concerned.
F2. Approved a.
F3. Authorised Person Medium Voltage a.
F4. Authorised Person in Control a.
F5. Authorising Engineer a.
See Table F1 for general duties. F6. Bus Section Switch a. A switch connecting two sections of a common busbar, to control distributions and fault levels. All AP are to be issued with a card of authorisation. These are normally persons of the rank of Chief Petty Officer and above, who are over 21 years of age and have formally demonstrated that; (1). they are fully acquainted with the electrical safety rules and any authorised variations or agreed local versions and with all applicable Statutory Regulations and Naval Requirements; they are fully conversant with ship's electrical distribution system and equipment;
F7. Card of Authorisation a.
(2).
F.1
ANNEX F

(3). (4). b. c. they are technically competent to safely operate and make safe to work on or test the systems and equipment with which they are concerned; they have satisfactorily completed all appropriate training courses including first aid treatment of electric shock.
All AP will surrender for renewal and revalidation their Card of Authorisation once a year or on leaving the post which required them to be authorised. A register will be kept of Authorisation. Authorising Engineer (AE) the issue, renewal and cancellation of all Cards of Competent Person II (CP II) p p p p Competent Person III (CP III) p p
Authorised Authorised Competent Person in Person Person I Control (AP) (CP I) (APC) p p p p p p p p p p
Enter MV Compartments Receive Limitation of Access (LOA) Routine Switching MV Work: Receive Permit for Work (PFW), Permit for Test (PFT) Issue/Cancel LOA MV Switching Isolating and Earthing Apply/Remove MV (Circuit Main Earth (CME) Receive, Issue and Cancel PFW Overall Control of MV System Resolve Operational disagreements between APS and assume control as APC if required
p p p p
p p p
p p p
p p p
p p p
p p
Table F1 Responsibilities for Medium Voltage Related Activities ANNEX F F.2

F8. Caution Notice a. A notice of approved form attached to apparatus or its control equipment, conveying a warning against interference with the apparatus. The notice carries the word `CAUTION - MEN WORKING' in a black on an orange/yellow background (as defined in BS 2929). Assessed and certified by the AE as having the technical knowledge and/or experience adequate to prevent danger and/or injury. The AE will issue certificates of competency only to persons over 18 years of age who can formally demonstrate that they; (1). have adequate knowledge of the electrical safety rules and any authorised variations or agreed local versions and with all applicable Statutory Regulations and Naval Requirements; are familiar with installations and equipment upon which they are required to work; have adequate technical knowledge and experience to avoid danger presented by the work to be undertaken; have satisfactorily completed all appropriate training courses including the first aid treatment of electric shock.
F9. Competent a.
F10. Certificate of Competency a.
(2). (3). (4). b. c. a.
All certificates of competency are to be reviewed at least once every three years and are to be surrendered when leaving the post which required the certificate to be issued. A register will be kept of the issue, renewal and cancellation of all certificates. An earth normally applied by locking the main breaker, in either the circuit or busbar earth position integral to the breaker. The application of a circuit main earth is to be carried out before a PFW is issued on the instruction of the APC. Members of Ship's Staff and/or contractors personnel who are competent to carry out, under the supervision of an AP specific tasks in connection with the electrical system , and equipment. The three grades of CP are: (1). Grade I A person assessed and certified as competent to enter an MV compartment, receive a PFT/PFW or LOA, and carry out work on or near MV equipment safely; Grade II A person assessed and certified as competent to enter an MV compartment, receive a LOA, perform routine switching and carry out work near MV equipment safely; Grade III A person assessed and certified as competent to enter an MV compartment, receive a LOA and carry out work near MV equipment safely.
F11. Circuit Main Earth
F12. Competent Person a.
(2).
(3).
F13. Danger Notice a. A notice in approved form attached to apparatus or its control equipment when live, calling attention to the danger of approaching or interfering with, such apparatus. The notice carries the words `DANGER - LIVE EQUIPMENT' with the words in red on a white background (as defined in BS 2929).
F.3
ANNEX F

F14. Dead a. Equipment is dead when it is at or about zero potential with respect to the ship's structure, after being disconnected from any live system and discharged.
F15. Earthed a. Connected by a suitable means to the main body or structure of the ship in such a manner as will ensure at all times, an immediate discharge of electrical energy without danger.
F16. Emergency Switching a. The opening only (Switching OFF) of switchgear by any person to prevent damage or danger to life or plant.
F17. Medium Voltage Safety Programme a. A MV safety programme specifies the agreed sequence of operation and any special safety measures necessary to make MV equipment safe for work or test prior to the issue of a PFW or PFT. The programme is to be signed by an AP and be countersigned by the APC. An example on the format of the MV Switching Programme is given at Figure F1.
F18. Isolated a. Equipment is isolated when it is disconnected and separated from every source of electrical energy in such a way that this disconnection and separation is secure. Isolation may be achieved by; (1). the operation of controlling switchgear to, and locking in, the OFF position or, in the case of withdrawable switchgear, by moving the controlling switchgear from the `service' position to, and locking in, the Ìsolated' position; the removal and secure placement of fuses, links or jumper connections.
(2). F19. Key Press a.
A key press is a locked keyboard for the secure retention and display of the keys of all MV equipment.
F20. Key Safe a. A key safe is a locked cupboard for the secure retention of safety locks and ìn use' portable Lock Out Boxes (LOB).
F21. Limitation of Access a. A LOA defines the limits and specifies the work to be performed in the vicinity of live equipment and any special instructions or safety measures required. An LOA is to be issued when a PFW is not applicable but verbal instruction is not considered sufficient. The LOA is to be signed by an AP An example on the format of the LOA is given at . Figure F2.
F22. Live a. Live means connected to a source of electrical energy or otherwise electrically charged.
F23. Lock Out Box a. A LOB is an approved device, either portable or fixed, for the secure retention of the keys of all safety locks in use for a particular task.
ANNEX F
F.4

F24. Main Control Room a. Main Control Room is a generic term identifying the room from which the electrical distribution system is controlled and where the APC is normally on duty.
F25. Permissive Interlocks a. A system of mechanical interlocks such as castell keys or fortress keys designed to inhibit the simultaneous operation of two or more breakers.
F26. Permit for Test on Medium Voltage Equipment a. A PFT specifies the tests to be carried out on any MV equipment and is given to the CP in charge of these tests. The PFT is issued to make known to the CP exactly which equipment is; (1). (2). (3). (4). dead; isolated from all live conductors; discharged; connected to earth and made safe to test.
The PFT will also detail which earths will be removed during the tests and any special instructions or safety measures. The permit shall be signed by an AP and countersigned by the APC. An example on the format of the PFT is given at Figure F3. F27. Permit for Work on Medium Voltage Equipment a. A PFW specifies the work to be carried out on any MV equipment and is issued to the CP in charge of that work. The PFW is issued for the purpose of making known to the CP exactly which equipment is; (1). (2). (3). (4). dead; isolated from all live conductors; has been discharged; is connected to earth and safe to work on.
The PFW will also detail any special instructions or safety measures. The permit is to be signed by an AP and countersigned by the APC. An example on the format of the PFW is given at Figure F4. F28. Potential Detector a. A potential detector is an approved instrument for proving that an isolated MV circuit is dead. The detector shall be tested immediately before and after use.
F29. Routine Switching
WARNING
ROUTINE SWITCHING DOES NOT COVER THE OPERATION OF BUS-SECTION SWITCHES. THESE ARE TO BE OPERATED ONLY WITH THE SPECIFIC PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORISED PERSON IN CONTROL. F.5 ANNEX F

a. The normal switching in or out of circuit, of such equipment as motor generators, rotary convertors, etc. to meet increasing or decreasing load demands. Routine switching will generally be that carried out on a regular/daily basis. Where switching of major loads is required outwith recognised daily practice, the APC is to be notified, and his concurrence sought prior to the switching operation. Routine switching operations are to be carried out only by an AP or CP .
b.
F30. Safety Locks a. These are padlocks used to lock off any means of isolation, earthing or other safety devices. Each safety lock will have only one key which is to be tallied and kept in the LOB applicable to the PFW or PFT under which it has been applied.
F31. Supervision a. b. c. Immediate Supervision - requires an AP or a CP to be standing immediately beside the Person(s) performing the work. Direct Supervision - requires an AP or a CP to be visible or within hailing distance at all times during the progress of the work. Indirect Supervision - may be achieved by the use of a high integrity communication system between the AP or CP and the person performing the work.
F32. Switching a. Switching is the operation of switchgear, fuses or other methods of making or breaking a circuit and thereby connecting or disconnecting an electrical source.
F33. Working Party a. b. A working party is the person or persons working under the supervision of an AP or a CP and may include the AP or CP working by himself. For Safety Rules on or near Medium Voltage equipment, see Annex E.
ANNEX F
F.6
MEDIUM VOLTAGE
Figure F1 Medium Voltage Switching F.7 ANNEX F
MV
Figure F2 Limitation of Access ANNEX F F.8
ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
MV
MV
Figure F3 Permit for Test F.9 ANNEX F
ON MEDIUM VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
MV
MV
Figure F4 Permit for Work ANNEX F F.10
ALPHABETICAL INDEX (NOTE: Page numbers are given)
A
Authorised Person in Control: E.14; F.2 Authorised Person: 2.3; 4.1; F.2 Authorising Engineer: F.1; F.2 Availability: 4.1; 4.4; E.8 Availability and Reliability: 4.4 Automatic Voltage Regulator: 3.4; 4.7; 4.8
E
Earth: 3.7, 3.8; F.3 Additional Earth: F.3 Earth Fault: 3.7; F.3 Generator: 3.7 High Impedance: 3.7; 4.1; F.3 Low Impedance: 3.8; F.3 Solid: 3.7; F.3 Earth Leakage Currents: D.2 Earthing: F.6 High Impedance Neutral: 3.9; F.6 Maintenance: 3.10, 3.11; F.6 Unearthed Neutral: 3.6; F.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility: 1.2; D.2 Energy Storage: 4.4
B
Bulkhead Penetrators: 3.11 Busbar: 1.6; E.5, E.9, E.10
C
Cables: 1.5; 3.4, 3.11; 4.1; E.5, E.9, E.14 High Voltage: 2.3; 3.11; 4.1; E.5 Earthing: E.5 Limited Fire Hazard: E.14 Capacitance: 1.5; 3.8, 3.13 Circuit Breaker: 1.2; 2.3; 3.4, 3.11; 4.1, 4.7; E.5 Clearance: 4.12; E.12 Competent Person: 4.1; F.2 Constraints Hardware: 1.3, 1.6 User: 1.6, 1.7; D.2 Control: 3.4; 4.2 Conversion equipment: 4.2 Creepage: 3.6 Current, rating: 1.1
F
Fault: 1.1, 1.2; 3.8, 3.12; F.1 Asymmetrical: F.1 Current: 1.1, 1.2; 3.8, 3.12; F.1 Earth Fault: 3.8; F.1 Level: 1.1; 3.3; F.1 Rating: F.1 Short Circuit: 3.4; F.1 Symmetrical: 3.8; F.1 System: 1.1 Fault, current: 4.2, 4.4 FEP - see propulsion: 4.3 Fire Risk: 3.8 Fuse: 3.4, 3.12; F.4
G
Generator: 1.1; 4.1; 4.4; F.6 Configuration: 4.3; F.6 Minimum Operation: 4.4 Single Operation: 4.4 Low Voltage: 3.1 Output Voltage: 3.13 Parallel Operation: 4.4 Start And Stop: 4.2
D
Discrimination: 3.3 Distortion: D.2
INDEX 1
INDEX
H
Harmonics: 1.3, 1.5
N
Notches: 1.4, 1.5; D.2 Notice: 2.4; E.13 Caution Notice: 2.4; E.13 Danger Notice: 2.4; E.13
I
I2R losses: 1.5 IEE Regulations: 1.1, 1.2 Inductance : 1.5, 1.7 Inductive: 4.8 Instrumentation: 4.3 Insulation: 1.4, 1.5; 2.1; 3.10, 3.12, 3.13; 4.12 System: 3.12 Integrity: 3.3; 4.4; F.6 Interlock: F.5 Inverse Time Over-Current relay: 3.4
O
Oil Filled Components: 3.12
P
Padlock: 2.3 Panel: 2.1; 4.2; E.9, E.10 Panel Electronic Circuit (PEC): 2.1 Peak: 3.13 Permit for Test (PFT): F.2 Permit for Work (PFW): E.14; F.2 Point of Common Coupling: 1.2; 4.5 Prime Movers: 4.2; 4.4 Propulsion: 1.1, 1.2; 3.1; 4.1 Cruise: 4.3 Full Electric: 1.1 Integrated Full Electric: 1.2; 4.3 System: 1.2; 3.2 Vessel Speed: 4.5 Protection: 3.11; 4.1; E.1, E.13, E.14 Fire: E.7, E.9 Protection, Circuit: 3.5 Pulsed Loads: 3.1; 4.4; D.2
K
Key Safe: F.4
L
Lightning: 1.3; 4.7 Limitation of Access (LOA): F.2 Lloyd's Register of Shipping: 2.2 Lloyd's Regulations: 1.1, 1.2 Load chart : 3.1 Lock-out box : E.7
Q M
Metallic screens: 4.1 Modulation: 1.6; D.1 Motor: 1.1, 1.4; 3.12; F.6 Electric Propulsion: 1.1 Supply Cable: 3.4 Motor Thermal Protection Unit: 3.5 Quality: 1.2
R
Rated current: 1.7 Relay: 3.5 Reliability: D.3 rms: 1.1; 3.12 Routine Tests: 3.13
INDEX
INDEX 2

Switchboard: 3.12; 4.1 Switchgear: 3.8, 3.12; 4.3
S
Safety: 2.3, 2.4; 3.10; 4.2 Sags: 1.4; D.1 Sensing Circuits: 4.3 Separation: 4.1 Ships Services System: 1.1 Shore Supplies: 3.13; 4.1 Short Circuit: 3.6; D.2 Spikes: 1.4; D.1 Split Generation: 1.1; 4.2; 4.4 Statement of Technical Requirements : 4.5 Supplies, alternative: 4.7 Surges: 1.4; 3.7, 3.13
T
Total Harmonic Distortion: 1.8 Transformers: 1.2, 1.3; 3.4, 3.12, 3.13; 4.3 Transient: 3.1 Trunking: 4.1 Type Tests: 3.12
V
Vacuum: 3.12 Voltage drops: 1.1
INDEX 3
INDEX
INDEX
INDEX 4
Inside Rear Cover
Crown Copyright 2001 Copying Only as Agreed with DStan
Defence Standards are Published by and Obtainable from: Defence Procurement Agency An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence Directorate of Standardization Kentigern House 65 Brown Street GLASGOW G2 8EX
DStan Helpdesk Tel 0141 224 2531/2 Fax 0141 224 2503 Internet e-mail enquiries@dstan.mod.uk
File Reference The DStan file reference relating to work on this standard is D/DStan/069/02/607 Contract Requirements When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts users are responsible for their correct application and for complying with contractual and statutory requirements. Compliance with a Defence Standard does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Revision of Defence Standards Defence Standards are revised as necessary by up issue or amendment. It is important that users of Defence Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest issue or amendment. Information on all Defence Standards is contained in Def Stan 00-00 Standards for Defence Part 3 , Index of Standards for Defence Procurement Section 4 Index of Defence Standards and Defence Specifications published annually and supplemented regularly by Standards in Defence News (SID News). Any person who, when making use of a Defence Standard encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity is requested to notify the Directorate of Standardization (DStan) without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

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Ministry of Defence INTERIM Defence Standard 02-607

Issue 1 Publication Date 6 July 2001

Defence Procurement Agency

Your Ref: Our Ref: DStan/69/2/603 Date:

BRANCH: PDG/DSTAN SPM 5

1. Does any part of the Standard create problems or require interpretation:

AN EXECUTIVE AGENCY OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

DSTAN Form 42N

INTERIM DEFENCE STANDARD 02607 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES6070

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Conditions of Release General

MOD Tender or Contract Process

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Defence Standards & Naval Engineering Standards

Health and Safety Warning

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

ALPHABETICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX 1

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

(2) (3) (4)

Electrical System Schemes which may Require Medium Voltage

Electric Cruise Propulsion Systems: (1)

Full Electric Propulsion: (1) (2) (3)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Quality of Medium Voltage Power Supplies

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Compliance with DEF STAN 61-5

Contributors to Waveform Quality

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Starting and Inrush Currents a.

Susceptibility to Waveform Quality

Spikes, Surges and Sags a.

Voltage and Current LinetoLine Imbalances a.

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Table 1.1 Users Constraints

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Quality of Power Supply Limits

Table 1.2 ac System Power Quality Factors

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

General Safety Precautions a.

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Responsibilities for Safety a.

Statutory Safety Requirements a.

Whilst not statutory, the following are relevant documents:

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

(2) (3) (4) 2.4.4

Medium Voltage Warning Signs

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Electrical Power Requirement For Pulsed Loads

INT DEF STAN 02607 / ISSUE 1 (NES 607)

Figure 3.1 shows an example of Co ordination of ITO Relays.