Yellow jack ground wasp

paper wasp (umbrella wasp)

Common paper wasps are social insects, who build nests of grey papery material around the home often under eaves, pergolas or in vegetation.

Description
Polistes humilis or common paper wasps are generally slender with long thin wings. They are 10-15 millimetres long, tan in colour with darker bands and some yellow on the face. Other species of paper wasps are larger or smaller and differently coloured. Paper wasps make nests of grey papery wood fibre material.

The nests are cone-shaped, becoming round as more cells are added. Nests are a maximum diameter of 10-12 centimetres, with numerous hexagonal cells underneath, some with white caps. Nests are exposed and suspended by a short stalk under an overhang, often on a pergola, the eaves of a roof or in a shrub or tree. Wasps cluster on the nest or forage in the garden and around buildings. Paper wasps are found across mainland southern Australia including:

southern Queensland New South Wales the Australian Capital Territory Victoria South Australia southern Western Australia.

Life history
Paper wasps are a social wasp consisting of small colonies of 12-20 individuals. Adult wasps feed on nectar and make paper nests by mixing saliva and wood fibres. Nests are a nursery where larvae are kept one to each cell. The larvae are fed on chewed-up caterpillars caught by the adults. The cells are then capped and the larvae pupate. Most paper wasps die in autumn or winter, while some hibernate to start new nests next season.

Pest status and management

Paper wasps have some beneficial value as predators of pest caterpillars, however they have a painful sting and will attack any person approaching or disturbing their nest. Nests likely to be disturbed represent a hazard and should be avoided during the day. Ignore nests where they are high or otherwise out of the way. Nests in high traffic areas such as doorways, pergolas or carports can be sprayed from the side at night with a registered aerosol wasp insecticide. Repeat spray two nights afterwards then remove and destroy the nest. Use a red light (for example, red cellophane over a torch lens) if light is needed when spraying at night.

In the event of a sting apply a cold pack. Seek medical attention if the victim is known to be allergic or if symptoms become more severe. Entomology is not currently researching paper wasps. The term wasp is typically defined as any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor ant[1]. Almost every pest insect species has at least one wasp species that preys upon it or parasitizes it, making wasps critically important in natural control of their numbers, or natural biocontrol. Parasitic wasps are increasingly used in agricultural pest control as they prey mostly on pest insects and have little impact on crops. Taxonomy Wasp stinger, with droplet of venom The majority of wasp species (well over 100,000 species) are "parasitic" (technically known as parasitoids), and the ovipositor is used simply to lay eggs, often directly into the body of the host. The most familiar wasps belong to Aculeata, a division of Apocrita, whose ovipositors are adapted into a venomous sting, though a great many aculeate species do not sting. Aculeata also contains ants and bees, and many wasps are commonly mistaken for bees, and vice-versa. In a similar respect, insects called "velvet ants" (the family Mutillidae) are technically wasps. The suborder Symphyta, known commonly as sawflies, differ from members of Apocrita by lacking a sting, and having a broader connection between the mesosoma and metasoma. In addition to this, Symphyta larvae are mostly herbivorous and "caterpillarlike", whereas those of Apocrita are largely predatory or parasitoids. A much narrower and simpler but popular definition of the term wasp is any member of the aculeate family Vespidae, which includes (among others) the genera known in North America as yellowjackets (Vespula and Dolichovespula) and hornets (Vespa); in many countries outside of the Western Hemisphere, the vernacular usage of wasp is even further restricted to apply strictly to yellowjackets (e.g., the "common wasp").

Categorization
The various species of wasps fall into one of two main categories: solitary wasps and social wasps. Adult solitary wasps generally live and operate alone, and most do not construct nests (below); all adult solitary wasps are fertile. By contrast, social wasps exist in colonies numbering up to several thousand strong and build nestsbut in some cases not all of the colony can reproduce. In the more advanced species, just the wasp queen and male wasps can mate, whilst the majority of the colony is made up of sterile female workers. The following characteristics are present in most wasps:

Characteristics
* Two pairs of wings (except wingless or brachypterous forms in all female Mutillidae, Bradynobaenidae, many male Agaonidae, many female Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Tiphiidae, Scelionidae, Rhopalosomatidae, Eupelmidae, and various other families). * An ovipositor, or stinger (which is only present in females because it derives from the ovipositor, a female sex organ). * Few or no thickened hairs (in contrast to bees); except Mutillidae, Bradynobaenidae, Scoliidae. * Nearly all wasps are terrestrial; only a few specialized parasitic groups are aquatic. * Predators or parasitoids, mostly on other terrestrial insects; most species of Pompilidae (e.g. tarantula hawks), specialize in using spiders as prey, and various parasitic wasps use spiders or other arachnids as reproductive hosts. Wasps are critically important in natural biocontrol. Almost every pest insect species has at least one wasp species that is a predator or parasite upon it. Parasitic wasps are also increasingly used in agricultural pest control. Wasps also constitute an important part of the food chain.

Anatomy and gender

Anatomically, there is a great deal of variation between different types of wasp. Like all insects, wasps have a hard exoskeleton covering their three main body parts. These parts are known as the head, metasoma and mesosoma. Wasps also have a constricted region joining the first and second segments of the abdomen (the first segment is part of the mesosoma, the second is part of the metasoma) known as the petiole. Like all insects, wasps have three sets of two legs. In addition to their compound eyes, wasps also have several simple eyes known as ocelli. These are typically arranged in a triangular formation just forward of an area of the head known as the vertex. It is possible to distinguish between certain wasp species genders based on the number of divisions on their antennae. Male Yellowjacket wasps for example have 13 divisions per antenna, while females have 12. Males can in some cases be differentiated from females by virtue of the fact that the upper region of the male's mesosoma (called the tergum) consists of an additional terga. The total number of terga is typically six. The difference between sterile female worker wasps and queens also varies between species but generally the queen is noticeably larger than both males and other females. Wasps can be differentiated from bees, which have a flattened hind basitarsus. Unlike bees, wasps generally lack plumose hairs. They vary in the number and size of hairs they have between species. Generally wasps are parasites or parasitoids as larvae, and feed only on nectar as adults. Many wasps are predatory, using other insects (often paralyzed) as food for their larvae. A few social wasps are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of fallen fruit, nectar, and carrion.

Some of these social wasps, such as yellowjackets, may scavenge for dead insects to provide for their young. In many social species the larvae provide sweet secretions that are fed to the adults. In parasitic species, the first meals are almost always provided by the animal that the adult wasp used as a host for its young. Adult male wasps sometimes visit flowers to obtain nectar to feed on in much the same manner as honey bees. Occasionally, some species, such as yellowjackets, invade honey bee nests and steal honey and/or brood.[citation needed] With most species, adult parasitic wasps themselves do not take any nutrients from their prey, and, much like bees, butterflies, and moths, those that do feed as adults typically derive all of their nutrition from nectar. Parasitic wasps are typically parasitoids, and extremely diverse in habits, many laying their eggs in inert stages of their host (egg or pupa), or sometimes paralyzing their prey by injecting it with venom through their ovipositor. They then insert one or more eggs into the host or deposit them upon the host externally. The host remains alive until the parasitoid larvae are mature, usually dying either when the parasitoids pupate, or when they emerge as adults. The type of nest produced by wasps can depend on the species and location. Many social wasps produce paper pulp nests on trees, in attics, holes in the ground or other such sheltered areas with access to the outdoors. By contrast solitary wasps are generally parasitic or predatory and only the latter build nests at all. Unlike honey bees, wasps have no wax producing glands. Many instead create a paper-like substance primarily from wood pulp. Wood fibers are gathered locally from weathered wood, softened by chewing and mixing with saliva. The pulp is then used to make combs with cells for brood rearing. More commonly, nests are simply burrows excavated in a substrate (usually the soil, but also plant stems), or, if constructed, they are constructed from mud. Solitary wasps The nesting habits of solitary wasps are more diverse than those of social wasps. Mud daubers and pollen wasps construct mud cells in sheltered places typically on the side of walls. Potter wasps similarly build vase-like nests from mud, often with multiple cells, attached to the twigs of trees or against walls. Most other predatory wasps burrow into soil or into plant stems, and a few do not build nests at all and prefer naturally occurring cavities, such as small holes in wood. A single egg is laid in each cell, which is sealed thereafter, so there is no interaction between the larvae and the adults, unlike in social wasps. In some species, male eggs are selectively placed on smaller prey, leading to males being generally smaller than females. Social wasps The nests of some social wasps, such as hornets, are first constructed by the queen and reach about the size of a walnut before sterile female workers take over construction. The queen initially starts the nest by making a single layer or canopy and working outwards

until she reaches the edges of the cavity. Beneath the canopy she constructs a stalk to which she can attach several cells; these cells are where the first eggs will be laid. The queen then continues to work outwards to the edges of the cavity after which she adds another tier. This process is repeated, each time adding a new tier until eventually enough female workers have been born and matured to take over construction of the nest leaving the queen to focus on reproduction. For this reason, the size of a nest is generally a good indicator of approximately how many female workers there are in the colony. Social wasp colonies often have populations exceeding several thousand female workers and at least one queen. Polistes and some related types of paper wasp do not construct their nests in tiers but rather in flat single combs. Wasps do not reproduce via mating flights like bees. Instead social wasps reproduce between a fertile queen and male wasp; in some cases queens may be fertilized by the sperm of several males. After successfully mating, the male's sperm cells are stored in a tightly packed ball inside the queen. The sperm cells are kept stored in a dormant state until they are needed the following spring. At a certain time of the year (often around autumn), the bulk of the wasp colony dies away, leaving only the young mated queens alive. During this time they leave the nest and find a suitable area to hibernate for the winter. First stage After emerging from hibernation during early summer, the young queens search for a suitable nesting site. Upon finding an area for their colony, the queen constructs a basic wood fiber nest roughly the size of a walnut into which she will begin to lay eggs. Second stage The sperm that was stored earlier and kept dormant over winter is now used to fertilize the eggs being laid. The storage of sperm inside the female queen allows her to lay a considerable number of fertilized eggs without the need for repeated mating with a male wasp. For this reason a single female queen is capable of building an entire colony from only herself. The queen initially raises the first several sets of wasp eggs until enough sterile female workers exist to maintain the offspring without her assistance. All of the eggs produced at this time are sterile female workers who will begin to construct a more elaborate nest around their queen as they grow in number. Third stage European paper wasp (Polistes dominula) with a regurgitated droplet of water By this time the nest size has expanded considerably and now numbers between several hundred and several thousand wasps. Towards the end of the summer, the queen begins to run out of stored sperm to fertilize more eggs. These eggs develop into fertile males and fertile female queens. The male drones then fly out of the nest and find a mate thus perpetuating the wasp reproductive cycle. In most species of social wasp the young queens mate in the vicinity of their home nest and do not travel like their male counterparts do. The young queens will then leave the colony to hibernate for the winter once the other worker wasps and founder queen have started to die off. After successfully mating with a young queen, the male drones die off as well. Generally, young queens and drones from the same nest do not mate with each other; this ensures more genetic variation within wasp

populations, especially considering that all members of the colony are theoretically the direct genetic descendants of the founder queen and a single male drone. In practice, however, colonies can sometimes consist of the offspring of several male drones. Wasp queens generally (but not always) create new nests each year, probably because the weak construction of most nests render them uninhabitable after the winter. Unlike honey bee queens, wasp queens typically live for only one year. Also queen wasps do not organize their colony or have any raised status and hierarchical power within the social structure. They are more simply the reproductive element of the colony and the initial builder of the nest in those species which construct nests. Social wasp caste structure A wasp gathering wood fibers Not all social wasps have castes that are physically different in size and structure. In many polistine paper wasps and stenogastrines, for example, the castes of females are determined behaviorally, through dominance interactions, rather than having caste predetermined. All female wasps are potentially capable of becoming a colony's queen and this process is often determined by which female successfully lays eggs first and begins construction of the nest. Evidence suggests that females compete amongst each other by eating the eggs of other rival females. The queen may, in some cases, simply be the female that can eat the largest volume of eggs while ensuring that her own eggs survive (often achieved by laying the most). This process theoretically determines the strongest and most reproductively capable female and selects her as the queen. Once the first eggs have hatched, the subordinate females stop laying eggs and instead forage for the new queen and feed the young; that is, the competition largely ends, with the losers becoming workers, though if the dominant female dies, a new hierarchy may be established with a former "worker" acting as the replacement queen. Polistine nests are considerably smaller than many other social wasp nests, typically housing only around 250 wasps, compared to the several thousand common with yellowjackets, and stenogastrines have the smallest colonies of all, rarely with more than a dozen wasps in a mature colony. Common families * Agaonidae fig wasps * Chalcididae * Chrysididae cuckoo wasps * Crabronidae sand wasps and relatives, e.g. the Cicada killer wasp * Cynipidae gall wasps * Encyrtidae * Eulophidae * Eupelmidae * Ichneumonidae, and Braconidae * Mutillidae velvet ants * Mymaridae fairyflies * Pompilidae spider wasps * Pteromalidae * Scelionidae

* Scoliidae scoliid wasps * Sphecidae digger wasps * Tiphiidae flower wasps * Torymidae * Trichogrammatidae * Vespidae yellowjackets, hornets, paper wasps (umbrella), potter wasps, pollen wasps Wasps - Hymenoptera Wasps are a diverse group of insects. In Australia alone there are over 12,000 species, ranging from the tiny diapriid wasps, which are barely visible to the naked eye, to the spider and cicada-killer wasps, capable of taking large prey. Most wasps have carnivorous larvae that feed on other insects and spiders. The adults provide food for them by capturing prey or by laying the egg on or near the food source, which might be an egg, larva or pupa of another insect. Features of wasps: * The egg-laying structures (ovipositors) in some wasps are modified into stingers. * Adults generally feed on nectar and can pollinate flowers in the process. * Some are hyper-parasites, which use other parasitic wasps' larvae or hosts to feed their young. * Many wasps can act as biological control agents on crop pests. * Most native species are solitary, but a few, such as the paper wasps, form colonies. * Fig wasps Some native Australian fig trees need fig wasps for successful pollination and the wasps rely on the tree to complete their lifecycle. This relationship has evolved to the point where the tree and the wasp are completely dependent on each other. * Mud-dauber Wasp The Mud-dauber Wasp is one of the more commonly encountered wasps in Sydney. * European Wasp The European Wasp was first found in Australia in 1959 in Tasmania. By 1978 they were also known in Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, and are now firmly established in the Sydney area. * Sand wasps The sand wasps are closely related to the Mud-dauber Wasp but, unlike their cousins, sand wasps nest in the ground. * Braconid wasps

Braconid wasps are a large family of wasps with over 800 Australian species. They are closely related to the ichneumonid wasps and parasitise the larvae of many insect groups in a similar way. * Cuckoo wasps The cuckoo wasps are a group of 76 species that mostly parasitise other wasps. Like a cuckoo bird that manages to get another species to raise its chick, these wasps use another's nest for their own young. * Wasps: Suborder Apocrita Wasps are a diverse group of insects. In Australia alone there are over 12,000 species, ranging from the tiny diapriid wasps, which are barely visible to the naked eye, to the spider wasps and cicada-killer wasps, capable of taking large prey. Most wasps have carnivorous larvae that feed on other insects and spiders. The adults provide food for them by capturing prey or by laying the egg on or near the food source, which might be an egg, larva or pupa of another insect. * Cuckoo wasp * Diapriid wasps If you see a very small fly that, on closer inspection, resembles an ant, it may be a diapriid wasp. * Hatchet wasps The hatchet or flag wasps are a small family of wasps with around 40 species. * Spider wasps Spider wasps (family Pompilidae) are solitary wasps. They prey on spiders to feed their larvae or they parasitise other spider wasps. They do not form colonies to defend nests and are not aggressive. * Potter wasps The potter wasps are closely related to the paper wasps. However, potter wasps do not form colonies. * Wasp parasitising a maggot * Parasitic Wasp from family Pteromalidae * Flower wasps Flower wasps are large, often metallic, solitary wasps, with species in the Families Scoliidae, Tiphiidae and Mutillidae.

Ichneumonid wasps The family Ichneumonidae is one of the largest groups within the hymenopterans (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies), with around 2,000 Australian species. * Paper wasps Native paper wasps are smaller than European Wasps, and lack their vivid yellow markings. They tend to only be aggressive when defending their nests, and are otherwise beneficial insects to have around the garden.

Paper wasps

Identification Paper wasps have a small head, with medium sized eyes and medium length antennae. The body is slender, with a very narrow waist. There are two pairs of brown-tinted wings, with the first pair larger. The abdomen has some yellow/orange bands, but is mainly black. Recently, the introduced Asian Paper Wasp (Polistes chinensis) has been reported from several inner city suburbs of Sydney. This closely related species is larger than the native Polistes and tends to have more distinctive yellow and brown bands. Size range 2.2 cm Distribution Paper wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Paper wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet The adult paper wasps catch caterpillars to feed the larvae, but the adults themselves feed on nectar. Other behaviours and adaptations The nest of the paper wasp is a series of cells shaped like an inverted cone made from saliva mixed with wood fragments. When it dries the mixture is quite paper-like, and gives these wasps their name.

Life cycle Paper wasps form small colonies, and make paper nests under tree branches and the eaves of houses. The nests are shaped like inverted cones, and consist of a cluster of hexagonal cells made from wood fibre mixed with saliva. The wasp larvae are maggot-like and develop inside the papery cells of the nest. Living with us Danger to humans and first aid Paper wasps can deliver painful stings, but are not as aggressive as European Wasps. They normally only attack humans if their nest is disturbed. If stings are multiple, a more severe systemic reaction may occur. In some individuals, wasp, bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), but this is relatively uncommon. Effective treatment is available, which involves known bee/ant/wasp sting allergy sufferers carrying a special kit when outdoors. Immunotherapy or desensitisation therapy is also available, and can reduce the severity of the allergy. Seven deaths over a twenty-year period attributed to wasp stings have been recorded in Australia, mainly among known allergy sufferers who were not carrying their preventative medicine with them. A cold pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of a more severe reaction or the sting victim is known to be allergic to wasp and bee venom, medical attention should be sought immediately. Classification Genus: Polistes Subfamily: Polistinae Family: Vespidae Superfamily: Vespoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

Ichneumonid wasps

Identification Ichneumonid wasps have long antennae with 16 or more segments, whereas most other wasps have 13 or less. Some female ichneumonid wasps have a very long ovipositor (a tube-like structure for laying eggs) which is used to reach insect larvae such as wood grubs which burrow in bark and wood. This is a modification of the sting that is present in other wasps, so most ichneumonid wasps cannot sting humans, with the exception of the larger orange species in the subfamily Ophioninae. Wasps in the family Ichneumonidae are superficially similar to the related family Braconidae, but ichneumonids are usually larger insects, and differ in details such as the pattern of wing veins and the structure of the abdomen. Size range 2.5 cm Similar Species parasitic wasps in the family Braconidae Distribution Ichneumonid wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Ichneumonid wasps live in urban areas, woodlands and forests, wetlands. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet null Other behaviours and adaptations null Communication

null Life cycle null Predators, Parasites and Diseases null Evolutionary Relationships null Living with us Economic/social impacts null Management null Danger to humans and first aid null Classification Family: Ichneumonidae Superfamily: Ichneumonoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

Flower wasps

Identification Flower wasps are large solitary wasps, often with bright colours or a metallic appearance. Adult wasps are nectar feeders. They are often seen moving between flowers in mid- to late summer and they play an important role in pollinating native plants. Size range 2.5 cm - 3.0 cm Distribution Flower wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Flower wasps are often seen in urban gardens, as well as living in forests, woodlands and heath. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet Female flower wasps dig through the soil to reach beetle larvae and other soil insects. When a grub is located, the wasp lays an egg on it, and the developing wasp larva then eats it. Adult wasps feed on nectar. Other behaviours and adaptations The body of female flower wasps is adapted for digging. Life cycle Many species of flower wasps have wingless females (for example, the Blue Ant). In these species, mating occurs on the wing, with the male wasps carrying the female wasps. Some males actively feed the wingless females or carry them to food plants. Living with us

Danger to humans and first aid Female flower wasps are capable of stinging if disturbed. As they are solitary insects, flower wasps do not pose the same level of threat to humans as social species of bees, ants or wasps do. However, unlike bees, wasps can sting more than once, and do not die after stinging. The sting causes a burning pain and swelling. If stings are multiple, a more severe systemic reaction may occur. In some individuals, wasp, bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), but this is relatively uncommon. Effective treatment is available, which involves known bee/ant/wasp sting allergy sufferers carrying a special kit when outdoors. Immunotherapy or desensitisation is also available, and can reduce the severity of the allergy. A cold pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of a more severe reaction or the sting victim is known to be allergic to wasp and bee venom, medical attention should be sought immediately. Classification Superfamily: Vespoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

The potter wasp

The potter wasps are closely related to the paper wasps. However, potter wasps do not form colonies. Size range 1.5 cm Distribution Potter wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Potter wasps live in woodlands, heath and urban areas. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet Potter wasps are solitary, and feed on flower nectar and hunt caterpillars to feed their larvae. Life cycle Potter wasps make mud nests for their eggs and larvae or use abandoned burrows of other insects. They stock the nests with caterpillars and other grubs, which they seal in with mud. These are eaten alive by the wasp larvae. Living with us Danger to humans and first aid Potter wasps have the potential to deliver painful stings, but are not aggressive and rarely attack humans. An ice pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of an allergic reaction, medical attention should be sought. Classification Genus: Paralastor Subfamily: Eumeninae Family: Vespidae Superfamily: Vespoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum:

Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

Spider wasps

Spider wasps (family Pompilidae) are solitary wasps. They prey on spiders to feed their larvae or they parasitise other spider wasps. They do not form colonies to defend nests and are not aggressive. Identification Spider wasps are active in gardens during summer months. The spider wasp most commonly encountered is Cryptocheilus bicolor. This is a very large black wasp with orange wings and legs and a broad orange band around its abdomen. It holds its wings up when resting but flicks them when it hops and runs about on its long legs. Size range 5 mm - 35 mm long Distribution Spider wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Spider wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, wetlands, heath. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet

Spider wasps are often seen digging in soft sandy soil, dragging huntsman spiders along. Some species are known to bite off the legs of large hairy spiders, trimming them to make them easier to handle. Others have scales that help them walk on spiders' webs, allowing them to sneak up and attack the owner. Other behaviours and adaptations Spider wasps have a habit of flicking their wings on landing and moving with a jumping motion. The wasp does this when searching for a spider in bark, cracks, crevices or soil. Life cycle The spider wasps you are most likely to see and hear are female wasps preparing nest chambers for their larvae. They dig a burrow using long spines on their front legs, then search rapidly around tree trunks and on the ground for a spider. On finding the spider, which may be as large as a huntsman or funnel-web and twice as heavy as itself, the wasp stings and paralyses it, and then drags or flies it back to the burrow. She then lays an egg on the spider's body, and seals it in a chamber or cell at the end of the burrow. The larva hatches and feeds on the body of the spider before pupating in a thin silky cocoon in the cell. Some spider wasps sting the spider and lay an egg on it but do not dig a burrow to put it in. The spider is left where it was stung and the larva hatches and eats the spider. A small number of Spider Wasps steal spiders from other Spider Wasps for their own larva. This behaviour is known as klepto-parasitism (klepto: Ancient Greek for 'theft'). Living with us Danger to humans and first aid Spider wasps have a potentially painful sting. However they are not aggressive and are unlikely to use their venom on humans unless extremely provoked. The best advice is to leave them alone. An ice pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of an allergic reaction, medical attention should be sought. Classification Family: Pompilidae Superfamily: Vespoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda

Kingdom: Animalia

The hatchet or flag wasps

The hatchet or flag wasps are a small family of wasps with around 40 species. Alternative Name/s Flag wasps Number of species 40 Identification Hatchet wasps have a long thin waist and a flat abdomen that moves up and down as they walk, resembling a flag or hatchet. Size range 1.5 cm Distribution Hatchet wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Hatchet wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, arid areas and grasslands. Behaviour and adaptations Life cycle Hatchet wasps parasitise the egg cases of cockroaches. The female wasp searches for recently laid cockroach eggs on which to lay her own. The wasp larvae hatch first and eat the cockroach eggs, eventually pupating to become fully developed adults. One introduced species of hatchet wasp, Evania appendigaster, is common in Sydney and is extremely welcome because it parasitises the American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana), an introduced pest. Having eaten their fill, the larvae pupate into fully developed adults. Classification Family:

Evaniidae Superfamily: Evanioidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

Diapriid wasps

If you see a very small fly that, on closer inspection, resembles an ant, it may be a diapriid wasp. Identification Diapriid wasps are common in gardens but can be tiny - the largest are no more than 6 mm long and the smallest only 1 mm long. Size range 1 mm - 6 mm Distribution Diapriid wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Diapriid wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and wetlands. Behaviour and adaptations

Life cycle Diapriid wasp specialise in parasitising fly pupae and prepupae. Most spend very little time flying as their hosts are usually somewhere on the ground. Some have very reduced wings or none at all and can be mistaken for ants. Classification Family: Diapriidae Superfamily: Proctotrupoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

Wasps Suborder Apocrita

Wasps are a diverse group of insects. In Australia alone there are over 12,000 species, ranging from the tiny diapriid wasps, which are barely visible to the naked eye, to the spider wasps and cicada-killer wasps, capable of taking large prey. Most wasps have carnivorous larvae that feed on other insects and spiders. The adults provide food for them by capturing prey or by laying the egg on or near the food source, which might be an egg, larva or pupa of another insect. Features of wasps: * The egg-laying structures (ovipositors) in some wasps are modified into stingers. * Adults generally feed on nectar and can pollinate flowers in the process. * Some are hyper-parasites, which use other parasitic wasps' larvae or hosts to feed their young. * Many wasps can act as biological control agents on crop pests. * Most native species are solitary, but a few, such as the paper wasps, form colonies.

The cuckoo wasps

The cuckoo wasps are a group of 76 species that mostly parasitise other wasps. Like a cuckoo bird that manages to get another species to raise its chick, these wasps use another's nest for their own young. Number of species 76 Identification Cuckoo wasps are usually a shiny green colour. Size range 1.2 cm Distribution Cuckoo wasps are found in central and eastern New South Wales. Habitat Cuckoo wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet Cuckoo wasps can be seen hovering in gardens where they feed on flower nectar and search for wasp nests. Life cycle On finding the eggs or the nest containing eggs of a suitable species, such as the Muddauber Wasp, the female cuckoo wasp lays an egg next to the egg of the host species. The cuckoo wasp's egg hatches first and the larva eats the food that is stored for the Muddauber's young. The larvae of some cuckoo wasp species wait for the host larvae to hatch and have their meal, before attacking and eating them. If the female cuckoo wasp is discovered invading the Mud-dauber's nest, she rolls into a ball and uses special armour plates on her body to protect her. Classification Family: Chrysididae Superfamily: Chrysidoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda

Kingdom: Animalia

Braconid wasps

Braconid wasps are a large family of wasps with over 800 Australian species. They are closely related to the ichneumonid wasps and parasitise the larvae of many insect groups in a similar way. Size range 2 cm Distribution Braconid wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Braconid wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, wetlands. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet Braconid wasps can be seen around Sydney woodlands searching for beetle larvae in logs and the trunks of fallen trees. Life cycle

Braconid wasps use the egg and adult stages of other insects as hosts for their young. On finding a suitable host, eggs are laid on or in the victim, providing the wasp larvae with a meal when they hatch. Living with us Economic/social impacts Some braconid wasps play an important role in controlling pest species of insects such as aphids. Classification Genus: Callibracon Subfamily: Braconinae Family: Braconidae Superfamily: Ichneumonoidea Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

The sand wasps

The sand wasps are closely related to the Mud-dauber Wasp but, unlike their cousins, sand wasps nest in the ground. Size range 2 cm Distribution Sand wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Sand wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet Adult sand wasps feed on nectar but most hunt for flies to feed to the larvae in the nest. They are excellent hunters, capturing flies on the wing, paralysing them with venom in mid-air and carrying them back to the waiting larvae. Other behaviours and adaptations Although sand wasps may nest in a group, they do not share labour like true social insects unless the nest needs defending, in which case they may attack as a swarm. Living with us Danger to humans and first aid Sand wasps can deliver painful stings, but are not as aggressive as the European Wasp. They normally only attack humans if their nest is disturbed. An ice pack may be used to

relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of an allergic reaction, medical attention should be sought. Classification Genus: Bembix Family: Sphecidae Superfamily: Sphecoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

The European Wasp

The European Wasp was first found in Australia in 1959 in Tasmania. By 1978 they were also known in Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, and are now firmly established in the Sydney area. Identification European Wasps are a stout wasp with a bright yellow and black banded abdomen, and a pair of black spots on each yellow band. They have two pairs of clear wings with the first pair larger. They have black antennae and fly with their legs held close to the body. Size range 1.2 cm - 1.6 cm Distribution The European Wasp is a native of Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor. In Australia, the first European Wasps were found in Tasmania in 1959. By 1978 they had also been found in Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia. They are now firmly established in metropolitan Sydney, and are also found in Bowral/Moss Vale, the Blue Mountains, Narrandera, Deniliquin, Albury, Wagga, Coleambally, Griffith, Dareton, Junee,

Forbes, Coonabarabran, Orange, Bathurst and West Wyalong. European Wasps are also present in New Zealand. Habitat European Wasps are found in large communal nests, normally only visible as a small entrance hole. They are normally built either underground or in cavities in walls, ceilings, logs or trees. The nests are made from chewed wood fibre. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet Workers of the European Wasp leave the nest in search of food, and are attracted to meats, sweet food and drink. Other behaviours and adaptations European Wasps' nests, which are made out of chewed wood fibre, can be found in ceilings, wall cavities, logs, tree trunks and soil. Life cycle European Wasp colonies are started in spring by a single fertilised queen, which lays an egg in a number of cells in the nest. These hatch into grub-like larvae and are tended by the queen for a number of weeks. They become the first batch of workers that take over nest construction and rearing of the larvae while the queen concentrates on laying eggs. The nest grows throughout the summer until a batch of males and new queens are hatched in the autumn. These mate and fly off to start new nests. In Europe the nest then disintegrates, but in Australia's warm climate the nest can continue to grow over a number of seasons. This results in giant and potentially dangerous nests of over 100,000 wasps. Mating and reproduction Towards the end of summer, several larger cells are constructed, in which a new generation of queens develop. Males also develop, and mate with the queens outside the nest before they die. In late autumn the original queen dies, and the new queens disperse to find suitable overwintering sites before forming a new nest in spring. In Europe the old nest then disintegrates and the dispersed queens hibernate in sheltered spots beneath loose tree bark or in roofs. A hibernating queen holds on to the substrate with her jaws, and tucks her legs, wings and antennae beneath her, remaining immobile for up to six months. However it is significant that in the warmer climate of Australia, one of the new queens may stay in the nest and begin laying eggs, without the usual over-wintering period being observed. Over several seasons, this can result in giant nests containing more than 100,000 wasps. Living with us Danger to humans and first aid European Wasps are more aggressive than bees and will attack when their nests are disturbed. Unlike bees, wasps can sting more than once, and do not die after stinging. The

sting causes a burning pain and swelling. If stings are multiple, a more severe systemic reaction may occur. In some individuals, wasp, bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), but this is relatively uncommon. Effective treatment is available, which involves known bee/ant/wasp sting allergy sufferers carrying a special kit when outdoors. Immunotherapy or desensitisation is also available, and can reduce the severity of the allergy. Seven deaths over a twenty-year period attributed to wasp stings have been recorded in Australia, mainly amongst known allergy sufferers who were not carrying their preventative medicine with them. A cold pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of a more severe reaction or the sting victim is known to be allergic to wasp and bee venom, medical attention should be sought immediately. Classification Species: germanica Genus: Vespula Subfamily: Vespinae Family: Vespidae Superfamily: Vespoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

The Mud-dauber Wasp

The Mud-dauber Wasp is one of the more commonly encountered wasps in Sydney. Size range 3 cm

Distribution The Mud-dauber Wasp is found throughout Australia. Habitat The Mud-dauber Wasp lives in urban areas, forests and woodlands, and heath. Behaviour and adaptations Feeding and Diet The Mud-dauber Wasp is usually seen feeding on flower nectar but occasionally found flying with a spider held in its jaws, destined to be fed to larvae in a mud nest. Life cycle Normally the Mud-dauber Wasp puts several paralysed spiders in each nest with one egg, to eat when it hatches. The adults are often seen collecting water and mud for their nests, which they commonly construct in protected areas of houses, buildings and rock overhangs. Living with us Danger to humans and first aid The Mud-dauber Wasp can deliver painful stings, but attacks are rare. An ice pack may be used to relieve the pain of the sting. If there is evidence of an allergic reaction, medical attention should be sought. Classification Species: laetum Genus: Sceliphron Family: Sphecidae Superfamily: Sphecoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

Fig wasps

Some native Australian fig trees need fig wasps for successful pollination and the wasps rely on the tree to complete their lifecycle. This relationship has evolved to the point where the tree and the wasp are completely dependent on each other. Identification Male fig wasps are wingless, a golden-brown colour and have an under-turned 'tail'; females have wings and a long head. Size range 1.5 mm Distribution Fig wasps are found throughout Australia. Habitat Fig wasps live in urban areas, forests and woodlands and anywhere native fig trees are found. Behaviour and adaptations Life cycle After mating inside a fig, which contains the minute flowers, the pollen-laden female flies off to find another fig. She burrows into it with her long head and sometimes loses her wings and antennae in the process. She then attempts to lay her eggs inside the flowers and, in the process, pollinates them with pollen from the last fig she visited. The fig tree chemically detects the presence of the egg and surrounds it with plant tissue. This provides the larva, which hatches inside the fig, with enough food to grow and restart the cycle. The males spend their entire yet short lives inside the fig, where they mate with females and die soon after. Classification Subfamily: Agaoninae Family: Agaonidae Superfamily:

Chalcidoidea Suborder: Apocrita Order: Hymenoptera Class: Insecta Subphylum: Uniramia Phylum: Arthopoda Kingdom: Animalia

We remove bee and wasp in all this area

North Sydney East Sydney South Sydney West Sydney North East Sydney South East Sydney South West Sydney North West Sydney AbbortsfordPoint 2046 Abbotsbury 2176 Abbotsford 2046 AcaciaGardens 2763 AgnesBanks 2753 Airds 2560 AkunaBay 2084 Alexandria 2015 AlfordPoint 2234 Allambie 2100 AllambieHeights 2100 Allawah 2218 Ambarvale 2560 Annandale 2038 Annangrove 2156 AnzacVillage 2173 Appin 2560 Arncliffe 2205 ArndellPark 2148

Artarmon 2064 Ashbury 2193 Ashcroft 2168 Ashfield 2131 Asquith 2077 AuburnNorth 2144 AuburnSouth 2144 AuburnWest 2144 Auburn 2144 Audley 2232 Austral 2171 Avalon 2107 AvalonBeach 2107 F pest control Fairfield 2165 FairfieldEast 2165 FairfieldHeights 2165 FairfieldWest 2165 Fairlight 2094 Faulconbridge 2776 Fiddletown 2159 FiveDock 2046 Flemington 2140 ForestGlen 2157 ForestLodge 2037 Forestville 2087 FoxValley 2076 FreemansReach 2756 FrenchsForest 2086 FrenchsForestEast 2086 FullersBridge 2067 H pest control Haberfield 2045 Hammondville 2170 Harbord 2096 HarbordWest 2096 HarringtonPark 2567 HarrisPark 2150 HassallGrove 2761 HawkesburyHeights 2777 Haymarket 2000 Heathcote 2233 Hebersham 2770 Heckenberg 2168

Henley 2111 Hewitt 2759 Hillsdale 2036 Hillside 2157 Hinchinbrook 2168 HMASPenguin 2091 Hobartville 2753 Holroyd 2142 Holsworthy 2173 HolsworthyBarracks 2173 Homebush 2140 HomebushBay 2140 HomebushWest 2140 HorningseaPark 2171 Hornsby 2077 HornsbyHeights 2077 HorsleyPark 2164 HoxtonPark 2171 HuntersHill 2110 Huntingwood 2148 HuntleyCove 2111 HuntleyPoint 2111 HurlstonePark 2193 Hurstville 2220 HurstvilleGrove 2220 S pest control Sackville 2756 SackvilleNorth 2756 Sadleir 2168 SagarPlace 2113 Sandringham 2219 SandyPoint 2171 SansSouci 2219 Scheyville 2756 Schofields 2762 Seaforth 2092 Sefton 2162 SevenHills 2147 SevenHillsWest 2147 Shalvey 2770 SherwoodGrange 2160 Silverdale 2752 Silverwater 2128 SmeatonGrange 2567

Smithfield 2164 SmithfieldWest 2164 Sorlie 2086 SouthGranville 2142 SouthHead 2030 SouthHurstville 2221 SouthMaroota 2756 SouthPenrith 2750 SouthSteyne 2095 SouthTurramurra 2074 SouthWentworthville 2145 SouthWindsor 2756 SpitJunction 2088 SpringFarm 2570 Springwood 2777 StAlbans 2775 StAndrews 2566 StClair 2759 StLeonards 2065 StMarys 2760 StPeters 2044 StanhopeGardens 2768 Stanmore 2048 Strathfield 2135 StrathfieldSouth 2136 StrawberryHills 2010 SummerHill 2130 SunValley 2777 SurryHills 2010 Sutherland 2232 Sydenham 2044 Sydney 2000 SydneyShowground 2021 SydneyOlympicPark 2127 Sylvania 2224 SylvaniaHeights 2224 SylvaniaWaters 2224 Paddington 2021 Padstow 2211 PadstowHeights 2211 Pagewood 2035 PalmBeach 2108 Panania 2213 Parklea 2768 Parramatta 2150

ParramattaEast 2150 Peakhurst 2210 PeakhurstHeights 2210 PeakhurstSouth 2210 PendleHill 2145 Pennanthills 2120 Penrith 2750 Penshurst 2222 Petersham 2049 PhillipBay 2036 PicnicPoint 2213 Picton 2571 Pittstown 2756 PittstownBottoms 2756 PleasurePoint 2171 Plumpton 2761 PointPiper 2027 PortBotany 2036 Portland 2756 Prestons 2170 Prospect 2149 Punchbowl 2196 Putney 2112 Pymble 2073 Pyrmont 2009 BadgerysCreek 2171 BaldFace 2221 BalgowlahHeights 093 Balgowlah 2093 BallsHead 2060 BalmainEast 2041 Balmain 2041 BalmoralBeach 2088 BalmoralVillage 2571 Balmoral 2088 Bangor 2234 Banksia 2216 Banksmeadow 2019 Bankstown 2200 BankstownAirport 200 BankstownEast 2190 BankstownNorth 2200 BantryBay 2087 BardenRidge 2234 BardwellPark 2207

BardwellValley 2207 Bargo 2574 BassHill 2197 BaulkhamHills 2153 Bayview 2104 BeaconHill 2100 Beaconsfield 2015 BeautyPoint 2088 Beecroft 2119 Belfield 2191 BelimbaPark 2570 BellaVista 2153 BellevueHill 2023 Belmore 2192 Belrose 2085 BenBuckler 2026 Berala 2141 BerkshirePark 2765 Berowra 2081 BerowraHeights 2082 BerowraWaters 2082 Berrilee 2159 BerrysBay 2060 BeverleyPark 2217 BeverlyHills 2209 BeverlyHillsNorth 2209 Bexley 2207 BexleyNorth 2207 BexleySouth 2207 BexleyWest 2207 BickleyVale 2570 Bidwill 2770 Bilgola 2107 BilgolaPlateau 2107 Birchgrove 2041 BirkenheadPoint 2047 Birrong 2143 Blacktown 2148 BlairAthol 2560 Blairmount 2559 Blakehurst 2221 Blaxcell 2142 Blaxland 2774 BlaxlandRidge 2758 BluesPoint 2060 BobbinHead 2074

Bondi 2026 BondiBeach 2026 BondiJunction 2022 BonnetBay 2226 Bonnyrigg 2177 BonnyriggHeights 2177 BoroniaPark 2111 BossleyPark 2176 Botany 2019 BowenMountain 2753 Bradbury 2560 BradleysHead 2088 BreakfastPoint 2137 BrickfieldHill 2000 Brighton-Le-sands 2216 Bringelly 2171 Broadway 2007 Bronte 2024 Brooklyn 2083 Brookvale 2100 BrownlowHill 2570 Bundeena 2230 BunganHead 2106 Burraneer 2230 Burwood 2134 BurwoodHeights 2136 Busby 2168 MacDonaldtown 2042 MacquarieFields 2564 MacquarieLinks 2564 MacquariePark 2113 MacquarieUniversity 2109 Maianbar 2230 Malabar 2036 Manly 2095 ManlyEast 2095 ManlyVale 2093 Maraylya 2765 Marayong 2148 Maroota 2756 Maroubra 2035 MaroubraJunction 2035 MaroubraSouth 2035 Marrickville 2204 MarrickvilleWest 2204

MarrickvilleSouth 2204 MarsdenPark 2765 Marsfield 2122 Mascot 2020 Matraville 2036 MaysHill 2145 McCallumsHill 2195 McGrathshill 2756 McMahonPoint 2060 Meadowbank 2114 MelrosePark 2114 Melville 2759 Menai 2234 Menangle 2568 MenanglePark 2563 Merrylands 2160 MerrylandsWest 2160 MiddleCove 2068 MiddleDural 2158 MiddleHead 2088 Miller 2168 MillersPoint 2000 Milperra 2214 MilsonsPoint 2061 MinchinHills 2770 Minchinbury 2770 Minto 2566 MintoHeights 2566 Miranda 2228 ModelFarms 2153 MonaVale 2103 Monterey 2217 MooneyMooney 2083 MoorePark 2021 Moorebank 2170 MorningBay 2108 Mortdale 2223 Mortlake 2137 Mosman 2088 MountAnnan 2567 MountColah 2079 MountDruitt 2770 MountHunter 2570 MountKuring-Gai 2080 MountLewis 2200 MountPleasant 2749

MountPritchard 2170 MountRiverview 2774 MountTomah 2758 MountVernon 2759 MountVictoria 2786 MountWilga 2077 MountWilson 2786 MountYork 2786 MountainLagoon 2758 MowbrayPark 2571 Mulgoa 2745 Mulgrave 2756 Oakdale 2570 Oakhurst 2761 Oakville 2765 Oatlands 2117 Oatley 2223 OldGuildford 2161 OldToongabbie 2146 OranPark 2570 OrangeGrove 2040 Orangeville 2570 OrchardHills 2748 OsbornePark 2066 OxfordFalls 2100 OxleyPark 2760 OysterBay 2225 Cabarita 2137 CabaritaJunction 2137 Cabramatta 2166 CabramattaHeights 2166 CabramattaWest 2166 Cabravale 2166 CambridgeGardens 2747 CambridgePark 2747 Camden 2570 CamdenSouth 2570 Camellia 2142 Cammeray 2062 Campbelltown 2560 CampbelltownNorth 2560 Camperdown 2050 Campsie 2194 CanadaBay 2046 CanleyHeights 2166

Caneyville 2166 Canoelands 2157 Canterbury 2193 CaravanHead 2225 CareelBay 2107 Caringbah 2229 Carlingford 2118 CarlingfordHeights 2118 CarlingfordNorth 2118 Carlton 2218 CarnesHill 2171 Carramar 2163 CarssPark 2221 Cartwright 2168 CastleCove 2069 CastleHill 2154 Castlecrag 2068 Castlereagh 2749 Casula 2170 CatherineField 2171 Cattai 2756 Cawdor 2570 CecilHills 2171 CecilPark 2171 CentennialPark 2021 Central 2000 CentralMacdonald2775 CharingCross 2024 Chatswood 2067 ChatswoodWest 2067 Chatsworth 2759 Cheltenham 2119 Cherrybrook 2126 ChesterHill 2162 Chifley 2036 Chinatown 2000 Chippendale 2008 ChippingNorton 2170 Chiswick 2046 ChowderBay 2088 Chullora 2190 ChurchPoint 2105 CircularQuay 2000 ClaremontMeadows2747 Clarendon 2756 Clareville 2107

Claymore 2559 ClemtonPark 2206 CliftonGardens 2088 Clontarf 2093 Clovelly 2031 ClovellyWest 2031 Clyde 2142 CoastersRetreat 2108 Cobbitty 2570 CograBay 2083 Colebee 2761 Collaroy 2097 CollaroyBeach 2097 CollaroyPlateau 2097 Colyton 2760 ComleroyRoad 2758 Como 2226 ComoWest 2226 Concord 2137 ConcordEast 2137 ConcordNorth 2138 ConcordSouth 2137 ConcordWest 2138 CondellPark 2200 ConnellsPoint 2221 Coogee 2034 CoogeeNorth 2034 Cornwallis 2756 CottagePoint 2084 Couridjah 2571 Cowan 2081 Cranebrook 2749 Cremorne 2090 CremorneJunction 2090 CremornePoint 2090 Cromer 2099 CromerHeights 2099 Cronulla 2230 CrowsNest 2065 Croydon 2132 CroydonPark 2133 CurlCurl 2096 CurransHill 2567 CurrawongBeach 2108 Narellan 2567

NarellanVale 2567 Naremburn 2065 Narrabeen 2101 Narraweena 2099 Narwee 2209 Nelson 2765 NeutralBay 2089 NeutralBayJunction 2089 Newington 2127 Newport 2106 NewportBeach 2106 Newtown 2042 NielsenPark 2030 Normanhurst 2076 NorthBalgowlah 2093 NorthBondi 2026 NorthCurlCurl 2099 NorthEpping 2121 NorthHead 2095 NorthManly 2100 NorthRyde 2113 NorthSteyne 2095 NorthStrathfield 2137 NorthSydney 2060 NorthTurramurra 2074 Northbridge 2063 Northwood 2066 Tahmoor 2573 Tamarama 2026 Tarban 2111 TarenPoint 2229 Tempe 2044 TennysonPoint 2111 TerreyHills 2084 TheBasin 2108 TheOaks 2570 TheRocks 2000 TheSpit 2088 TheresaPark 2570 Thirlmere 2572 Thornleigh 2120 TomUglysPoint 2221 Toongabbie 2146 ToongabbiEast 2146 Tregear 2770 TuderaCreek 2171

TumbledownDick 2101 Turramurra 2074 Turrella 2205 Ultimo 2007 Undercliffe 2206 UniversityofNSW 2033 UniversityOfSydney 2006 ValleyHeights 2777 Varroville 2566 Vaucluse 2030 Villawood 2163 Vineyard 2765 VoyagerPoint 2171 Daceyville 2032 DarlingHarbour 2000 DarlingPoint 2027 Darlinghurst 2010 Darlington 2008 Davidson 2085 DawesPoint 2000 DeanPark 2761 DeeWhy 2099 DeeWhyBeach 2099 DenhamCourt 2565 Denistone 2114 DenistoneEast 2122 DenistoneWest 2114 Dharruk 2770 DiamondBay 2030 DobroydHead 2093 DobroydPoint 2045 DolansBay 2229 DollsPoint 2219 Doonside 2767 DoubleBay 2028 DouglasPark 2569 DoverHeights 2030 Drummoyne 2047 DuffysForest 2084 DulwichHill 2203 Dundas 2117 DundasValley 2117 Dunheved 2760

Dural 2158 Galston 2159 GeorgesHall 2198 GeorgesHeights 2088 Gilead 2560 Girraween 2145 Gladesville 2111 Glebe 2037 GlebePoint 2037 GlenAlpine 2560 Glenbrook 2773 Glendenning 2761 Glenfield 2167 Glenhaven 2156 Glenmore 2570 GlenmorePark 2745 Glenorie 2157 Glenwood 2768 Glossodia 2756 GoldenGrove 2008 Gordon 2072 GoreHill 2065 GrahamHeights 2567 Granville 2142 Grasmere 2570 GraysPoint 2232 GreatMackerelBeach 2108 GreenValley 2168 Greenacre 2190 Greendale 2745 GreenfieldPark 2176 Greenwich 2065 GreenwichPoint 2065 Greystanes 2145 GroseVale 2753 GroseWold 2753 Guildford 2161 GuildfordNorth 2160 GuildfordWest 2161 Gunderman 2775 GunnamattaBay 2230 Gymea 2227 GymeaBay 2227 Illawong 2234

Ingleburn 2565 IngleburnVillage 2174 Ingleside 2101 J pest control Jamisontown 2750 Jannali 2226 JannaliWest 2226 KangarooPoint 2224 Kareela 2232 Kearns 2558 Kellyville 2155 KellyvilleRidge 2155 KempsCreek 2171 KennyHill 2567 Kensington 2033 Kenthurst 2156 Kentlyn 2560 Killara 2071 KillarneyHeights 2087 KingsCross 2011 KingsLangley 2147 KingsPark 2148 Kingsway 2208 Kingsgrove 2208 Kingswood 2747 KingswoodPark 2747 Kirkham 2570 Kirrawee 2232 Kirribilli 2061 KissingPoint 2074 Kogarah 2217 KogarahBay 2217 Kurmond 2757 Kurnell 2231 KurrabaPoint 2089 Kurrajong 2758 KurrajongHeights 2758 KurrajongHills 2758 Kyeemagh 2216 KyleBay 2221 Yagoona 2199 Yanderra 2574 Yarramundi 2753 Yarrawarrah 2233 Yennora 2161

EagleVale 2558 Earlwood 2206 EastHills 2213 EastKillara 2071 EastKurajong 2758 Eastlakes 2018 EastLindfield 2070 EastRoseville 2069 EastRyde 2113 EastSydney 2010 EasternCreek 2766 Eastgardens 2036 Eastwood 2122 Ebenezer 2756 EdensorPark 2176 Edgecliff 2027 EdmondsonPark 2171 ElanoraHeights 2101 Elderslie 2570 ElizabethBay 2011 EllisLane 2570 ElvinaBay 2105 Emerton 2770 EmuHeights 2750 EmuPlains 2750 Enfield 2136 EnfieldSouth 2133 Engadine 2233 EngaloriePark 2560 Enmore 2042 Epping 2121 EppingWest 2121 Ermington 2115 ErskinePark 2759 Erskineville 2043 ErskinevilleSouth 2043 EscholPark 2558 Eskdale 2567 Eveleigh 2015 LaPerouse 2036 LakeParramatta 2151 Lakemba 2195 Lakesland 2572 LalorPark 2147 Lansvale 2006

LaneCove 2066 LaneCoveNorth 2066 LaneCoveWest 2066 Lansdowne 2163 Lansvale 2166 Lapstone 2773 LavenderBay 2060 Lawson 2783 Leichhardt 2040 Leightonfield 2163 LemonGrove 2750 Leonay 2750 Leppington 2171 LethbridgePark 2770 Leumeah 2560 Lewisham 2049 LibertyGrove 2138 Lidcombe 2141 LilliPilli 2229 Lilyfield 2040 Lindfield 2070 LinleyPoint 2066 LinnsHill 2570 LittleBay 2036 Liverpool 2170 LiverpoolNorth 2170 LiverpoolSouth 2170 LiverpoolWest 2170 Loftus 2232 LovettBay 2105 LucasHeights 2234 Lugarno 2210 Lurnea 2170 Q pest control Quakershill 2763 QueensPark 2022 Queenscliff 2096 Raby 2566 Ramsgate 2217 RamsgateBeach 2217 Randwick 2031 Redfern 2016 RegentsPark 2143 Regentville 2745

Revesby 2212 RevesbyHeights 2212 RevesbyNorth 2212 Rhodes 2138 Richmond 2753 RichmondLowlands 2753 Riverstone 2765 Riverview 2066 Riverwood 2210 Rockdale 2216 RoddPoint 2046 RogansHill 2154 Rookwood 2141 RootyHill 2766 RoseBay 2029 RoseBayNorth 2030 Rosebery 2018 Rosehill 2142 Roselands 2196 Roselea 2118 Rosemeadow 2560 Roseville 2069 RosevilleChase 2069 Rossmore 2171 RoundCorner 2158 RouseHill 2155 RoyalNationalPark 2232 Rozelle 2039 Ruse 2560 RushcuttersBay 2011 RussellLea 2046 Rydalmere 2116 Ryde 2112 Wahroonga 2076 Waitara 2077 Wakeley 2176 Wallacia 2745 Wallgrove 2164 Wareemba 2046 Warragamba 2752 Warrawee 2074 Warriewood 2102 WarriewoodBeach 2102 Warrimoo 2774 Warringah 2100

Warumbul 2229 WarwickFarm 2170 Waterfall 2233 Waterloo 2017 WatsonsBay 2030 Waverley 2024 Waverton 2060 Werombi 2570 Werrington 2747 WerringtonCounty 2747 WerringtonDowns 2747 WestHoxton 2171 WestLindfield 2070 WestPennantHills 2125 WestPymble 2073 WestRyde 2114 WetherillPark 2164 Whalan 2770 WhaleBeach 2107 WheelerHeights 2097 WheenyCreek 2758 WhiteBay 2039 Wilberforce 2756 WileyPark 2195 Willmot 2770 Willoughby 2068 Windsor 2756 WindsorDowns 2756 Wingala 2099 WinjiJimmi 2103 Winmalee 2777 WinstonHills 2153 WolliCreek 2205 Wollstonecraft 2065 Wondabine 2560 Woodbine 2560 Woodcroft 2767 Woodford 2778 Woollahra 2025 WoollahraPoint 2028 Woolloomooloo 2011 Woolooware 2230 Woolwich 2110 Woronora 2232 WoronoraHeights 2233 Wynyard 2000