EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ME 345 / HEAT TRANSFER Experiment 2 Name of the Experiment: Transient Heat

Transfer Objective: To determine the variation of temperature with time of a cooled specimen and the convective heat transfer coefficient. Apparatus: Test specimen, thermocouples connected to a temperature reading device and a heater. Theory: Transient (or time dependent) conduction occurs when a body experiences a sudden change in thermal environment. If the solid body is small, the temperature gradients within the body can be neglected. Theoretically, time dependent temperature can be verified by performing an overall energy balance on the solid. This means the following: - out = st (1) In terms of the definitions of the energy transport from the solid (which is by convection), the above energy balance reduces to
d (2) dt Where = T-T , and h, , V, c, As and t are the convection heat transfer coefficient, density volume, specific heat and the surface area of the solid and time, respectively. Integrating the above equation the following is obtained: hAs Vc

Vc i ln (3) hAs Transient variation of temperature with time can also be represented by the following formula: (4) i exp( Bi Fo ) Where Bi and Fo are non-dimensional numbers known as Biot number and Fourier numbers, respectively defined as: t
hLc t & Fo 2 K Lc where for any geometry the characteristics length is : Bi

(5)

Lc

V As

(6)

Experiment:

1. The experiment aims to verify the theoretical predictions experimentally. This will include testing a small cubic body (whose characteristics yield Bi < 0.1) from the early transient period to steady state and comparing the time history of the temperature obtained from the experiments with the ones that are theoretically calculated. 2. Other aim of the experiment is to calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient, h, from the knowledge of the experimental measurements. 3. The specimen in our experiment is a cubic solid metal with prescribed dimensions and properties. The cubic specimen will be heated to a certain extent and let cool down to reach the ambient temperature. Thus the cooling process will yield internal temperature changes within the specimen and the energy transfer takes place during the cooling process from the specimen to the ambient. This energy transfer will depend on the properties of the specimen the initial temperature and the convection heat transfer coefficient.

Procedure: 1. Make sure that the apparatus is fully installed (the thermocouple must be well connected to the specimen and the thermometer must work properly. Before heating, the thermocouple must show the ambient temperature. 2. Put the specimen on the heater (after switching the heater on) and wait to obtain a temperature approximately. 3. Then turn the heater off and remove the specimen from the heater. 4. Cooling process starts, so read the temperature at constant time intervals and note the temperature at each time interval (30 seconds).

Results and discussion:

1. Plot ln

i versus t in order to get h convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K).

2. Plot the logarithm of temperature versus logarithm of time in a log-log paper. 3. Plot the logarithmic value of temperature with time (log T versus t). 4. Discuss the curves obtained in 1 and 2 and relate them with the theoretical predictions.

The geometry, dimensions and the properties of the solid metal are given as follows:

Dimensions and schematic:

Temperature Reading Device

Thermocouple

22 mm

22 mm

22 mm Material: Aluminum (Pure) 2702 kg/m C p 903 J/kgK W/mC 97.1 10 6 m/s
k 237