Nama Obat Gentamicin 0,1% zalf kulit Oxytetracycline 0,1% zalf kulit Mikonazole Hydrocortisone 2,5%

Indikasi Infeksi bakteri Dermatitis dgn infeksi Infeksi jamur Dermatosis responsif KS

Kontra Indikasi Hipersensitivitas Hipersensitivitas Hipersensitivitas Infeksi virus/jamur, lesi tuberkular/sifilis, infeksi bakteri Hipersensitivitas, infeksi jamur Hipersensitivitas Hipersensitivitas Hipersensitivitas

Efek Samping 3-4 x/hari 4 x/hari Iritasi, dermatitis kontak Atrofi kulit, iritasi, folikulitis, hipertrikosis Atrofi kulit, iritasi, folikulitis, hipertrikosis Rash, demam, angioedema Ototoksik Menghancurkan kontrasepsi latex Edema perifer, hipotensi, palpitasi, takikardia, flushing, pusing, nyeri kepala, nausea, miksi lbh sering, myalgia, tremor, ggn hepar Hipotensi, takikardia, nyeri dada, palpitasi, pruritus, hiperkalemia, angioedema, skin rash, batuk nonproduktif, pusing, ggn pengecapan, proteinuria

Dosis

2 x/hari Sesuai petunjuk dokter

Betamethasone Zalf kulit 2-4 Chloramphenicol 1% zalf mata Chloramphenicol 3% tetes telinga Nistatin vaginal

Dermatosis responsif KS Skabies, pedikulosis Infeksi okular Otitis eksterna Kandidiasis vaginal

Sesuai petunjuk dokter

1-2 tetes tiap 2 jam 2-3 tetes; 2-3 x /hari 100.000-200.000 U/hari, 14 hari 2x1 10-40 mg/hari

Nifedipin 10 mg (Ca antagonis)

Hipertensi, angina pectoris

Captopril 12,5 & 25 mg (ACE inhibitor)

Hipertensi, gagal jantung, post MI (3 hari stlh), neuropati diabetik

MI akut, shock kardiogenik, acute unstable angina,serangan angina pada chronic stable angina Hipersensitivitas, hamil, ggn ginjal, angioedema herediter

HTN Initial : 12,5 mg, 2x1 Maintenance : 25-50 mg, 2x1 HF I : 6,25-12,5 mg, 2-3x1 MI : 6,25 mg/hari ND : 25 mg, 3x1 (1 jam AC atau 2 jam PC) 1x1

Aspilet (antikoagulan, antikoagulan&fibrinolitik, analgetik&antipiretik) Ibuprofen 400 mg (NSAID, obat KV gol lain)

Angina pectoris & MI

Kelainan darah, asma, ulkus peptikum aktif

Nyeri & inflamasi, demam

Ulkus peptikum aktif, hipersensitivitas

Ulkus peptikum, ggn GIT, waktu perdarahan meningkat, tinnitus, pusing, hipotrombinemia Dyspepsia, muntah, nyeri perut, heartburn, nausea, diare, nyeri epigastrium, edema, retensi cairan, pusing, rash, tinitus

2x Nyeri & inflamasi 1,2-1,8 g/hari, maintenance 0,6 -1,2g/hari Demam 200-400mg setiap 4-6 jam 2x1 N&I : 75-150 mg/hari M :Initial 50 mg (serangan pertama), ulang 2 jam kmdn jk perlu, dan lalu setiap 4-6 jam 3x1 Alergi Initial : 30 mg hari pertama Turunkan 5 mg per hari hingga 21 tablet habis RA : 10 mg/hari Asma akut

Diclofenac sodium (NSAID)

Nyeri & inflamasi, migrain

Ulkus peptikum aktif, hipersensitivitas thdp NSAID, trimester 3 kehamilan, terapi nyeri postoperative CABG

Ggn GIT, pusing, nyeri kepala, rash, pdarahan GIT, ulkus peptikum, ggn ginjal, SJS, TEN

Prednisone 5 mg

Alergi, RA, asma akut, TBC berat, TB ekstraparu, kusta

Hipersensitivitas, varicella, infeksi jamur sistemik, infeksi bakteri berat

Insomnia, nafsu makan meningkat, pusing, nyeri kepala, hirsutisme, hipopigmentasi, DM, intoleransi glukosa, hiperglikemia, athralgia, katarak, glaukoma, epistaksis, diaphoresis, sindrom Cushing, edema, hipertensi, muscle wasting,

osteoporosis, kejang

40-60 mg/hari selama 3-10 hari TB : 40-60 mg/hari, tapering off selama 4-8 mggu 2-4 mg (hingga 8 mg), 3-4x/hari

Salbutamol 2 mg

PO : bronkospasme akut

Griseofulvin 125 mg

Dermatofitosis

Eklampsia dan preeclampsia berat, infeksi intrauterine, IUFD, hemoraggia antepartum, PP, kompresi tali pusat, threatened miscarriage, penyakit jantung Penyakit hepar berat, SLE, kehamilan

Tremor, takikardia, palpitasi, kram otot, nyeri kepala, bronkospasme paradoksikal, angioedema, urtikaria, hipotensi, pingsan

Dewasa 0,5-1 g/hari, 1-2x/hari Rambut & kulit 2-8 mgg Kuku jari tangan 6 bln Kuku jari kaki 12 bln Anak : 10 mg/kgBB/hari 3 x 1 atau 3 x 1/2

Aciclovir 400 mg

Herpes simpleks, varicella zoster, herpes zoster

Hipersensitivitas

Nausea, muntah, nyeri kepala, diare, rash, peningkatan enzim hepar Nausea, muntah, konstipasi, bradikardia, aritmia, mulut kering, haus meningkat, frekuensi miksi meningkat Gangguan GIT, ulkus peptikum, perdarahan GIT, pusing, nyeri kepala, penglihatan kabur, tinnitus, rash, pruritus, fotosensitivitas, trombositopenia, nefropati akut, SJS, TEN

Kalk (calcium lactate)

Suplemen nutrisi (pertumbuhan, ibu hamil, menyusui, lansia) Penyakit rematik, gout akut, penyakit muskuloskeletal akut

Hiperkalsemia dan hiperkalsiuria

2x1 <50 thn : 1000 mg Ca/hari >50 thn : 1200 mg Ca/hari 2x1 Rematik Initial : 20 mg/hr, dosis tunggal Maintenance : 10-30 mg/hari, 1-2x/hari Gout 40 mg/hari selama 5-7 hari Muskuloskeletal Initial : 40 mg/hari, selama 2 hari Maintenance : 20 mg/hari, selama 1-2 mggu Initial : 100 mg/hari, maks 800 mg/hari

Piroxicam (NSAID)

Hipersensitivitas, ulkus peptikum aktif, trimester 3 kehamilan, laktasi

Allopurinol 100 mg

Gout, hiperuricemia

Hipersensitivitas, serangan gout akut

Samclamide 5 gr (Glibenclamide)

DM tipe 2

Metformin 500 mg

DM tipe 2, PCOS

Hiperglikemia berat, gagal hati atau ginjal berat, DM tipe 1, diabetic ketoasidosis, infeksi atau trauma berat Asidosis metabolik akut dgn atau tnp koma, ggn renal, ggn jantung, DM tipe 1, ggn tiroid, alkoholism, kehamilan, laktasi

Rash, alopesia, gangguan GIT, gangguan pengecapan, nausea, muntah, nyeri abdominal, diare, parestesia, neuropati perifer, vertigo, nyeri kepala, atralgia, hipertensi, SJS, Lyells syndrome (urtikaria, demam, limfadenopati, atralgia), anemia aplastik Hipoglikemia, cholestatic jaundice, anemia aplastik, agranulositosis, anemia hemolitik, gangguan hepar, dyscrasia, gangguan GIT, alergi Anoreksia, nausea, muntah, diare, penurunan BB, flatulens, metallic taste, lemas, hipoglikemia, rash, malabsoprsi vit B12, rasa tdk nyaman pada dada dan

Initial : 2,5-5 mg/hari, lalu naikkan hingga 15 mg/hari, maks 20 mg/hari

1x1 DM 500 mg/hari, 2-3 x/hari Maks 2,25 g/hari

perut, flushing, palpitasi, menggigil, nyeri kepala, gangguan pencernaan, asidosis laktat pada alkoholism dan gagal ginjal

PCOS 500 mg/hari pagi slm 1 mggu, 500 mg/hari, 2x/hari, slm 1 mggu, 1,5-1,7 g/hari, 2-3x/hari 3x1

Vit C

Vit B1

Vit B6

Vit B12

Vit B complex

Prevensi dan terapi defisiensi vit C, pertumbuhan dan perbaikan jaringan, antioksidan Defisiensi vit B1, neuritis perifer pada kehamilan, napsu makan menurun, diare, letargi, fatigue, colitis ulserativa, meningkatkan imunitas, nyeri, katarak, glaucoma, motion sickness, meningkatkan energi, mengatasi stres Defisiensi vit B6, anemia defisiensi Fe, gangguan neurologis Defisiensi vit B12 (numbness atau tingling pada tangan dan kaki, anemia, SSP ggn keseimbangan) B1,2,3,5,6,7,9,12 Stress, nervous, depresi, ggn pencernaan Batuk berdahak Hipersensitivitas

>2000 mg/hari : Stomach upset, diare

3x1

Gangguan neurologis, numbness

3 x ; 3 x ; atau 3 x 1

3x1

3 x ; 3 x ; atau 3 x 1

GG (Guaifenesin)

DMP Dextromethorphan Tablet dan sirup OBH syr

Batuk tidak berdahak

Risiko mengalami gagal napas, serangan akut, MAOI, batuk persisten atau kronis

GI discomfort, nausea, muntah, pusing, drowsiness, nyeri kepala, rash, menurunkan asam urat, kalkulus urinarius Pusing, gangguan GIT

3 x atau 3 x 1 (200-400 mg setiap 4 jam)

3 x atau 3 x 1 (10-20 mg setiap 4 jam)

CTM Chlorpheniramine maleat (antihistamin dan antialergi) Dexametason

Terapi suportif untuk batuk berdahak dan tidak berdahak Terapi simptomatis untuk alergi seperti bersin, urtikaria, dermatitis, edema angioneurotik, serum sickness Inflamasi

Dewasa : 15 ml, 3x/hari Anak : 5 ml, 3x/hari Epilepsi Drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, pusing, mulut kering, palpitasi, tremor, ggn GIT 3 x atau 3 x 1

Hypersensitivity; active untreated infections; ophthalmic use in viral, fungal disease of the eye.

Growth retardation, osteoporosis, peptic ulcer, glaucoma and subcapsular cataracts, vertebral compression fractures. Cushing-like features, pancreatic dysfunction and pancreatitis, GI upsets, increased appetite, increased fragility of the skin. Increased susceptibility to infection. Topical application: Dermal atrophy, local irritation, folliculitis, delayed wound healing, systemic absorption

3 x atau 3 x 1 Adult: 0.75-9 mg daily in 24 divided doses; may also be given via IM/IV admin. Child: 1 mth18 yr: 10100 mcg/kg daily in 12 divided doses via oral admin, adjusted according to response; up to 300 micrograms/kg daily may be used in emergency situations.

and toxicity with occlusive dressing on application to large areas of the body and broken skin. Topical application to eye: Corneal ulcers, glaucoma and reduced visual ability. Inhalation: Hoarseness, candidiasis of mouth and throat. Antalgin 500 mg (NSAID) Metamizole Na atau Methampyrone PCT (analgesik non opioidantipiretik) Tab 500 mg &syr 120 mg/5ml Nyeri, demam, rematik Bleeding disorder, digunakan bersamaan dgn chlorpromazine Perdarahan GIT, alergi, agranulositosis, leukopenia Nausea, allergic reactions, skin rashes, acute renal tubular necrosis. Potentially Fatal: Very rare, blood dyscrasias (e.g. thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis); liver damage. 1 - 6 thn : 3 x 6 12 thn : 3 x Dewasa : 3x 1 3 x atau 3 x 1 1-3 mo: 30 mg (3x1) 3 mo-1 yr: 60-120 mg (3x1) 1-5 yr: 120-250 mg (3x1) 6-12 yr: 250-500 mg (3x1)

Mild to moderate pain and fever

Antasida Ranitidine 150 mg (antagonis reseptor H2)

Asam lambung berlebih Benign gastric and duodenal ulceration, GERD, dyspepsia Porphyria. Headache, dizziness. hypersensitivity, confusion, gynaecomastia, impotence, somnolence, vertigo, hallucinations, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reactions. Extrapyramidal symptoms, restlessness, drowsiness, anxiety, diarrhoea, hypotension, hypertension, headache, depression, blood disorders (e.g. agranulocytosis, methaemoglobinaemia), hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. bronchospasm, rash), galactorrhoea or related disorders, transient increase in plasma aldosterone levels.

3 x atau 3 x 1 2x1

Metoclopramide

GI haemorrhage, mechanical obstruction and perforation; phaeochromocytoma; history of seizures.

Nausea and vomiting Adult: 2 mg/kg/dose, given 1 hr before start of treatment. Repeat dose 3 times at 2-hrly intervals. May repeat 2 additional doses at 3-hrly intervals if needed. Max: 12 mg/kg/day. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Adult: 10-15 mg up to 4 times/day, given 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime Konsumsi setiap habis BAB Dewasa : 2 tab, maks 15/hari Anak : 1 tab, maks 7/hari

Diaform (Kaolin & pectin)

Diare

Hipersensitivitas, obstruksi intestinal

Amoxicillin 500 mg Amoxicillin syr 125 mg/5ml Cotrimoxazole 480 mg Tetracycline 250

Infeksi bakteri Gram + dan Infeksi bakteri Gram + dan Infeksi bakteri, acne

Hipersensitivitas Hipersensitivitas

Diare, nausea, muntah Diare, nausea, muntah

3 x atau 3 x 1 3 x/hari (20 mg/kgBB) 2 x 1 atau 2 x 2 3 x 1 atau 3 x 2

Hypersensitivity; pregnancy, lactation, children; renal impairment.

Oesophageal ulceration, nausea, vomiting, oral candidiasis, diarrhoea, epigastric burning, sore throat, black hairy tongue,

pancreatitis, oncholysis, discolouration of tooth (children with developing teeth) and nails, tinnitus, visual disturbances, superinfections, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity, Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, blood dyscrasias. Chloramphenicol 250 mg Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Infeksi bakteri Susceptible infections, Urinary tract infections, Bone and joint infections, Lower respiratory tract infections, Skin infections Infected animal bites, Typhoid and paratyphoid fever, Gastroenteritis Hipersensitivitas, hamil, laktasi Hypersensitivity. Not to be used concurrently with tizanidine. Avoid exposure to strong sunlight or sun lamps during treatment. Gangguan GIT GI disturbances; headache, tremor, confusion, convulsions; rashes; joint pain; phototoxicity. Transient increases in serum creatinine. Haematological, hepatic and renal disturbances. Vasculitis, pseudomembranous colitis and tachycardia. Phototoxicity. Potentially Fatal: Anaphylactoid reaction; cardiopulmonary arrest Hypotension (IV); vertigo; dermatitis, erythema multiforme, rash, urticaria; colitis, diarrhoea, glossitis, nausea, vomiting, pruritus ani, stomatitis; vaginitis; agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura; jaundice, LFT abnormalities; tinnitus; azotaemia, proteinuria, oliguria; hypersensitivity reactions.Anaphylaxis GI disturbances e.g. nausea, unpleasant metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation. Furred tongue, glossitis, and stomatitis due to overgrowth of Candida. Rarely, antibiotic-associated colitis. Weakness, dizziness, ataxia, headache, drowsiness, insomnia, changes in mood or mental state. Numbness or tingling in the extremities, epileptiform seizures (high doses or prolonged treatment). Transient leucopenia and 3 x 1 atau 3 x 2 (50mg/kgBB/hari) Dewasa : 2 x 1

Anak : 5-15 mg/kg bid

Lincomycin 500 mg

Severe anaerobic infections

Hypersensitivity to lincomycin or clindamycin.

3x1 Adult: 500 mg 3 or 4 times daily. Child: 1 mth: 30-60 mg/kg daily in divided doses.

Metronidazole 100 mg

History of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives. Pregnancy (1st trimester) and lactation.

Trichomoniasis Adult: 2 g as a single dose, or 800 mg in the morning and 1.2 g in the evening for 2 days, or 0.6-1 g daily in 2-3 divided doses for 7 days. There should be an interval of 4-6 wk if treatment needs to be repeated. Child: 1-3 yr: 50 mg tid; 3-7 yr: 100 mg bid; 7-10 yr: 100 mg tid. All doses to be taken for 7 days. Alternatively, 15 mg/kg daily in divided doses for

thrombocytopenia. Hypersensitivity reactions. Urethral discomfort and darkening of urine. Raised liver enzyme values, cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice. Anaphylaxis.

7 days. Giardiasis Adult: 2 g once daily for 3 consecutive days, or 400 mg tid for 5 days, or 500 mg bid for 7-10 days. Child: 1-3 yr: adult 1 dose; 3-7 yr: /3 adult dose; 7-10 yr: adult dose. Alternatively, 15 mg/kg daily in divided doses. Bacterial vaginosis Adult: 2 g as a single dose, or 400-500 mg bid for 5-7 days.

Pyrantel 125 mg

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, drowsiness, insomnia, diarrhoea, tenesmus, SGOT elevations, headache, dizziness, rash.

Single or mixed infections due to susceptible worms Adult: 10 mg/kg as a single dose. Child: 10 mg/kg as a single dose.

Albendazole 400 mg

Enterobiasis, Ascariasis, Hookworm infections

Pregnancy and lactation. Neonates. Hypersensitivity, liver impairment.

GI discomfort, headache, nausea, dizziness, allergic reactions, pruritus, raised liver enzymes, alopecia and dry mouth. Potentially Fatal: Bone marrow depression. Increased BP, hypotension, rapid and weak pulse, palpitations, arrhythmias, precordial pain, coronary infarction, fibrotic thickening of the heart valves. Cerebral ischaemia and thrombosis, blurred vision, sleep disturbances, urinary retention, muscle cramps and joint pains. GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain. Dysaesthesia, paraesthesia, formication, tremor, convulsions, headache, extrapyramidal effects. Anxiety, depression, confusion, hallucinations, psychomotor impairment. Anaphylaxis, dyspnoea, cyanosis, pain, swelling, phloebitis at the Inj site, diaphoresis, dizziness, hypotension (rare), allergic reactions after SC and IM inj. Volume depletion and electrolyte imbalance, dry

Adult: 400 mg as a single dose. Child: 2 yr: 400 mg as a single dose; 1-2 yr: 200 mg as a single dose for enterobiasis.

Ergotamine caffeine(1-50 mg)

Acute migraine attacks.

Hyperthyroidism, renal or hepatic impairment. Preexisting vascular disease including coronary disease, obliterative vascular disease, angina, claudication, peripheral ischaemia, Raynaud's syndrome and hypertension. Not to be used when there is sepsis. Pregnancy and lactation.

Acute migraine attacks Adult: Each tablet contains ergotamine tartrate 2 mg, cyclizine hydrochloride 50 mg and caffeine hydrate 100 mg. Initially, 1 tablet, additional doses of -1 tablet may be taken at halfhrly intervals, if needed. To be taken as soon as possible at the 1st warning of a migraine attack. Max: 3 tablets in 24 hr, 4 tablets per attack, 6 tablets per wk and 2 courses of treatment per mth. Ensure an interval of at least 4 days between successive treatment courses. Vitamin K deficiency due to drugs or malabsorption Adult: 10-40 mg daily.

Phytomenadione 10 mg (vit K)

Hipersensitivitas

Hydrochlorotiazide 25 mg (Diuretik)

Severe hepatic and renal impairment, Addison's

Hypertension Adult: Initially, 12.5 mg

disease, preexisting hypercalcaemia, anuria, sulphonamide allergy. Pregnancy, lactation.

mouth, thirst, lethargy, drowsiness, muscle pain and cramps, hypotension, hypersensitivity reactions e.g. rashes, photosensitivity, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, pancreatitis; fatigue, weakness; may precipitate an attack of gout; impotence, hyperglycaemia; anorexia, gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, sialadenitis, dizziness, raised Ca concentration. Potentially Fatal: Hypersensitivity reactions. Psychological and physical dependence with withdrawal syndrome, fatigue, drowsiness, sedasi, ataksia, vertigo, confusion, depresi, ggn GIT, perubahan salivasi, amnesia, jaundice, eksitasi paradoksikal, peningkatan enzim hepar, kelemahan otot, ggn penglihatan, nyeri kepala, slurring of speech dan dysarthria, perubahan mental, inkontinensia, konstipasi, hipotensi, takikardia, perubahan libido, depresi napas dan SSP, koma Palpitasi, takikardia, ataksia, pusing, urtikaria, supresi laktasi, kembung, konstipasi, mulut kering, impotensi, hesitansi, retensi urin, weakness, pandangan kabur, cyclopegia, TIO meningkat, midriasis, alergi, keringat menurun Kongesti nasal, nyeri kepala, ggn SSP, breast engorgement, galaktorrhea, ginekomastia, libido menurun, impotensi, retensi Na, edema, perubahan napsu makan, peningkatan BB, miosis, mulut kering, disuria, rash, pruritus, trombositopeni purpura

daily. Usual dose: 25-50 mg daily, either alone or combined with other antihypertensives, up to 100 mg daily, if necessary. Oedema associated with heart failure Adult: Usual dosage: 25100 mg daily in the morning, may reduce to 25-50 mg daily or intermittently. Up to 200 mg daily may be used as initial doses in severe cases.

Diazepam 2 mg PO

Anxietas berat, insomnia akibat anxietas, terapi tambahan pada kejang, spasme otot

Hipersensitivitas, myasthenia gravis, depresi atau koma SSP, depresi napas, insufisiensi paru akut, sleep apnoea syndrome, ggn hepar berat, acute narrow angle glaucoma,anak < 6 bln, kehamilan, laktasi

Severe anxiety Adult: 2 mg tid. Max: 30 mg daily. Insomnia akibat anxietas Dewasa : 5-15 mg sblm tdr < 18 thn : : 1-5 mg sblm tdr Spasme otot Adult: 2-15 mg daily in divided doses Child: 1-12 mth: 250 mcg/kg; 1-5 yr: 2.5 mg; 512 year: 5 mg; 12-18 yr: 10 mg (max: 40 mg/day). Dose can be given twice daily. Dosis maks 1,5 mg/hari

Extract belladone 10 mg (Hyoscyamine)

Spasme viseral

Reserpine 0,25 mg (anti-adrenergik)

Hipertensi, psikosis

Glaukoma, uropathy obstruktif, myasthenia gravis, penyakit GIT obstruktif, ileus paralitik, megakolon toksik, colitis ulserativa berat, atoni intestinal pada lansia, KV tidak stabil pada perdarahan, iskemik miokard, laktasi Ulkus peptikum, colitis ulserativa, depresi, Parkinson, feokromositoma

HTN Hingga 500 mcg/hari slm 2 mggu, lalu turunkan hingga dosis terendah Maintenance 100-250 mcg/hari Psikosis Hingga 1 mg/hari Dewasa : 1-2 tab, 2-3 x/hari Anak : 2,5 mg/kgBB/hari, 4x/hari

Papaverin 40 mg

Kolik kandung empedu & ginjal & kondisi dimana memerlukan relaksasi otot polos, embolisme perifer & mesentrium