Wireless Sensor Network for Temperature Control

Muhammad Ariff bin Mohd Nor

Section of Medical Electronics Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute Abstract: Nowadays the technologies have become more advance than we think. Theres no need to monitor or need to wait to observe certain situation at the current location. For this project wireless sensor network for temperature control, the system will send the data through a network and the user can monitor not only at the current location but also at the other places. This standard defines a communication layer at level 2 in the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model. Its main purpose is to let the communication between two devices. It was created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), entity which main task is to set standards so that technological developments can count with a common platform of rules to be set over. In the Waspmote devices this protocol is set using the Xbee 802.15.4 OEM Digi module.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Temperature Control, Open System Interconnection (OSI), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Xbee 802.15.4

1.0 INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a combination of an electronics knowledge and telecommunications knowledge with this the WSN is produce. The WSN consists of spatial distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions for this project it more focus on temperature, the system will cooperate pass the data through the network to a main location to monitor the activity and if the condition need to be control the system will control the temperature to maintain the temperature to be under the normal temperature condition. The project will be applied at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to monitor the incubator temperature. The temperature circuit will detect if there is any changes, and if the temperature is over or below the normal temperature for incubator that are 36.9C the system will alert and the cooling or heater system will be trigger. The measurement that obtain will be transmit by using the Xbee radio device as a medium of communication to communicate with the terminal of monitoring. The measurement will be display on the LabVIEW as a medium of interface between the users and the measurement that obtain.

2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS The mains materials for developing this project is the Xbee as the medium for communication, without it the WSN cant be build and this project doesnt meet it requirements. The other main material for developing this project is the temperature circuit, refer to the title it show that the very main part for this project is to measure the temperature. In this system, the interface with the source of input is the electronic circuit that has the temperature sensor; the data that obtain from the circuit will be send to the ATmega328 for the analysis and make a useful output for the measurement parameters. Then the data will be transferring it to the Xbee that are for the communication transfer or also known as transmit medium the data will be encoded to make the data convert to digital this will make the transferring process more efficient . During the communication process the protocol that used is 802.15.4 that is the standard for the IEEE that are being applied at the Xbee radio device. The receiving medium will receive the data from the transmitter; the data that obtain will be analyzing by the ATmega328 and be decoding the data back to get the actual value. After receiving the data, the display program from the LabVIEW will take the data to 1

produce the output of the measurement. From the display panel, when the temperature is rise above the normal temperature the indicator will be alert to show that the temperature is exceed the limit and the control system will turning on this action will also trigger if the condition is vice versa. 3.0 RESULTS This system will show the efficiency of the system to monitor, controlling and records all the data measurement that obtain. The figure 3.1 show that the temperature measurement that obtain from a different incubator. This program is to check whether the measurement is accurate as accordingly to the temperature in incubator.

The display program also provided with saving file program to collect all the temperature data that have been measured. The table 3.1 below show the temperature data that have been saved. Table 3.1: Data logging
LabVIEW Measurement Writer_Version Reader_Version Separator Tab Multi_Headings X_Columns Time_Pref Absolute Operator ariff Date 2011/11/02 Delta_X Yes No 0.92 1 Time Date Channels 1 Samples 1

2011/11/02 17:04:11.765625 Time X0

X_Dimension

0.0000000000000 000E+0 1.000000

Time17:04:11.765625 ***End_of_Header***

***End_of_Header*** X_Value Untitled Comment 32.000000 32\0D\0A

4.0 DISCUSSION The temperature that been measured will be sense by the temperature circuit and the measurement that obtain will be analyze. The temperature that obtain is in voltage, so to convert it into the temperature unit the calculation must be made to meet the requirement to get the output of temperature unit. This process will be done in the microcontroller or known as ATmega328 to do the conversion. Also in the transmit program there will be a setting to identify whether the temperature is under or over the normal temperature. If the condition is available the cooling or heating system will be trigger to maintain the temperature back to its normal temperature. In the receiving program, the measurement that obtain first will be identify whether it came from the incubator A or incubator B. The program have been set it ID to identify both of the measurement, if not the measurement that received will give inaccurate measurement. All the measurement that received will be saved in the location that have been identify to make as a record for the personnel in charge or to review as a history. In the display panel program the measurement that received will be shown by a form of waveform, if the temperature is not in normal temperature the indicator will be turning ON to show that the temperature is not in an appropriate temperature.

Figure 3.1: Result from the Arduino Program After the program for temperature measurement is complete, the measurement then will be send to the terminal of monitoring by using the Xbee radio device to communicate with the terminal of monitoring. With this the temperature measurement can be seen or observe by the personnel in charge in the interface that created. Figure 3.2 shows that the interface that will display the output of the temperature measurement. Within this all the measurement will be analyze whether it is under or over the normal temperature of the incubator.

Figure 3.2: Display Panel

5.0 CONCLUSION This project development is to ensure the monitoring system for the incubator is more efficient. The system will reduce the missing of collecting data of the temperature in incubator where by this project is the temperature measurement in a real-time. Also this project is applying the saving data to make an easy review for the doctors or nurses. The used of Wireless Sensor Network in this application is a good combination with this application because it make the users work easier and simpler, also the used of wireless make the workplace more tidy and the cost of maintaining is much less that wired. REFERENCES Books: [1] Robert Network, Faludi, Building Wireless Sensor

December 2010, OREILLY

[2] Michael Margolis, Arduino Cookbook, March 2011, OREILLY [3] Simon Monk, 3D Arduino Projects for the Evil Genius, 2010, TAB [4] Alan S Morris, Third Edition Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, 2001, Butterworth Heinemann [5] Thomas L.Floyd, Seventh Edition Electronic Devices, 2005, Pearson Prentice Hall