A Major Project Report On PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR WADI AND WATERSHED

Submitted for partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of Degree

Of Master of Business Administration Of KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT, KIIT UNIVERSITY BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

Session 2010-12

Supervision by: Prof. Nandini Sen Prof. T.Kumar KSRM

Submitted by: Ranjan Prasad (10201040) Sri Niwas (10201054) MBA-RM

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT

KIIT UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR ODISHA-751024

DECLARATION

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the project work entitled PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION

SYSTEM FOR WADI AND WATERSHED, is based my own work carried out during the course of my study under the supervision of Prof. Nandini Sen and Prof. T.Kumar.

I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the project work. I further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief that the project report does not contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma/certificate in this University or any other University.

(Signature of the Candidate) Name of the Candidate Ranjan Prasad (10201040) Sri Niwas (10201054) 2010-12

CERTIFICATE BY GUIDE

This to certify that the report of the project submitted is the outcome of the project work entitled Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System for WADI and Watershed Development Program carried out by Ranjan Prasad (10201040) & Sri Niwas (10201054) carried by under my guidance and supervision for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration in Rural Management of KIIT School of Rural Management, KIIT University Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. To the best of the my knowledge the report i) ii) iii) Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself, Has duly been completed, Fulfils the requirement of the ordinance relating to the MBA degree of the University and iv) Is up to the desired standard for the purpose of which is submitted.

_______________________ (Signature of the Guide) Name: Prof. Nandini Sen Prof. T. Kumar Department: KSRM, KIIT University Bhubaneswar, Odisha

The project work as mentioned above is hereby being recommended and forwarded for examination and evaluation.

CERTIFICATE BYTHE EXAMINERS

This is to certify that the project entitled

Participatory

Monitoring and Evaluation System for WADI

and Watershed Development Program

Submitted by

Ranjan Prasad (10201040) & Sri Niwas (10201054) has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination for the award of Master of Business Administration in Rural Management from KIIT School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Name & Signature of Internal Examiner Date: . Name & Signature External Examiner Date:

Forwarded byAcademic Head KIIT School of Rural Management

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In preparing the report a considerable amount of thinking and informational inputs from various sources were involved. We would like to take this opportunity to duly acknowledge the contribution of a number of people without whom the MTS-II would not have been a successful exercise. This MTS is a mix of different components in which people other than the members of this project have valuably added.

We take this opportunity to thanks dignitaries of Gramin Vikas Trust, our Reporting Officer Mr. Vishv Bhushan, who really showed his special interest to make us understand about the project and guidelines for successful completion of our project and report. We would like to thank Mr. MahiPal Singh Maderna (Team Leader Watershed), Mr. Mukesh Khatariya (Team Leader WADI), Mr. Puspendra and other field staffs such as for their consistent support throughout the study period. But not least we would like to thank our MTS-II Coordinator, Prof. Prasun Kumar Das, who deputed us in Gramin Vikas Trust, Dahod (Gujarat), and our faculty guide Prof. Nandini Sen and Prof. T Kumar for their insight and valuable support.

Thank you.

Contents
CHAPTER 1: [INTRODUCTION] .............................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Background....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1 Geography: ................................................................................................................................ 10 1.1.2 Social: ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.3 Population: ................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.4 Natural Resources and Livelihood ............................................................................................ 11 1.2 Objective of the study: ...................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2 : [METHODOLOGY]........................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Limitation of the study ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Organization profile:......................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Organizational Setup ................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 What they do?............................................................................................................................ 13 2.3 Objectives of GVT: .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Main Approaches ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 They work with ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 The Western India Rain-fed Farming Project (WIRFP) ................................................................... 15 2.5 Project components and approaches: ............................................................................................... 15 2.5.1Component A ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.5.2Component B: ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.5.3Component C: ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.6 Project area: ...................................................................................................................................... 16 2.7 Strength of GVT ............................................................................................................................... 16 2.8 Thematic Areas: ................................................................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 3: [WADI DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM]............................................................................. 22 3.1Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Wadi System ..................................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Wadi plot: ......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Tree based farming: .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.5 Horticulture and kitchen gardening: ................................................................................................. 24 3.6 Area Selection: ................................................................................................................................. 24 3.6.1 Total area coverage for Wadi: ................................................................................................... 25 3.7 Participants: ...................................................................................................................................... 25 3.8 Implementation stage:....................................................................................................................... 25 3.9 Number of Plants Required for Wadi in different stages.................................................................. 26 3.10 Success points for project ............................................................................................................... 26 3.11 Selected Species: ............................................................................................................................ 27

3.12 Criteria for Species Selection and Yield (Estimated) ..................................................................... 27 3.13 Source of Plants:......................................................................................................................... 28 3.14 Estimated Yield from Wadi: ........................................................................................................... 28 3.15 PROJECT COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 4: [IMPLEMENTATION] ....................................................................................................... 31 4.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR WADI PROJECT: ............................. 31 4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Diary: .................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Findings: ........................................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 5 : [WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM] .............................................................. 34 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Major Problems of the Watershed Area: .......................................................................................... 34 5.3 Why watershed a need? .................................................................................................................... 35 5.4 WDP- Gramin Vikas Trust ............................................................................................................... 35 5.5 Selection Criteria for Watershed Development Program ................................................................. 36 5.6 Physiographic and Drainage for WDP ............................................................................................. 37 5.7 Necessity for Participatory Approach for the WDP ......................................................................... 37 5.8Purpose for WDP ............................................................................................................................... 38 5.9Formation of Village Watershed Committee (VWC) ........................................................................ 39 5.10 Activates Involved in Watershed Development Program ............................................................... 39 5.11Phases of WDP ................................................................................................................................ 39 CHAPTER 6[ BUSINESS PLAN] ............................................................................................................. 40 6.1Business Plan: .................................................................................................................................... 40 6.2FLOW CHART OF BUSINESS MOEDL ........................................................................................ 42 6.3DAIRLY AVTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................... 43 6.4TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PLAN .......................................................................... 44 6.5ASSUMPTIONS- .............................................................................................................................. 45 6.6OVERALL PROJECT COST............................................................................................................ 46 6.7PRODUCTION SHEET OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS FOR TWO SEASONS .................. 47 6.8PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 48 6.9SALES OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS .................................................................................. 48 6.10FARMERS EXPENSE SHEET (2 SEASONS) ............................................................................. 49 6.11TRANSPORTATION COST .......................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 7 [ CONCLUSION] ................................................................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 8 [ANNEXURE] ...................................................................................................................... 50

List of Abbreviations
GVT-Gramin Vikas Trust IGWDP- Indo-German Watershed Development Program NABARD- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development VWC- Village Watershed Committee SWC- Soil Water Conservation CBP- Capacity Building Phase FIP- Full Implementation Phase FSR- Feasibility Study Report AH- Agro Horticulture CCT- Continuous Contour Trench WAT- Water Absorption Trench SCT- Staggered Contour Trench AF- Afforestation DH- Dry Land Horticulture LSW- Lady Social Worker SO- Stone Outlet SO (LS) - Stone Outlet Local Stone SB- Stone Bund SB (LS) - Stone Bund (Local Stone) SGP- Stone Gully Plug FB- Field Bund DLT- Drainage Line Treatment

CHAPTER 1: [INTRODUCTION]
Many complexities attached with tribal way of life due their historical, socio-cultural and geographical situations. Some approach of development being attempted to reduce it but unfortunately not met with desired success. In this way with the help of Government and NGOs in different part of country made some demonstrative models of development, Among them the Wadi approach adopted by an NGO, BAIF Development Research Foundation (BAIF), Pune. It left a good impact in a short span of time and stands out as sustainable model for replication in other tribal areas. WADI (Small Orchard) program introduced during 80s in Vansda District in Gujrat by BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune as comprehensive Tribal Development Program. This program is basically an agriculture based farming system in the rain fed tribal areas envisaged empowering women through community participation, initiative as processing and marketing of products. The main focus is on development of small fruit orchard (Wadi), Agriculture improvement and restoration of waste land through ecological intervention and soil and moisture conservation measures. NABARD became the nodal agency for the program and has created a dedicated fund for the project namely Tribal Development Fund (TDF). WADI in Gujarati means a small orchard covering one or two acres. This may be of mango or cashew or Amla or any fruit crop suitable to the area or combination of these tree crops, with forestry species on the periphery of the land holding. Two or more trees crops are selected in the WADI model to minimize biological and marketing risks. An one acre model of WADI accommodates around 40 fruit plants and 320 forestry plants. In five years, a poor village of 100 families gets converted into an orchard of a 100-150 acre producing hundreds of tones of fruits.

1.1 Background
Dahod along with Godhara, Kalol and Jhalod was one of the Five (Panch) Mahals of Panchmahal District. Dahod is considered as the birth place of the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb. The district came into existence in 1997 when the seven blocks of Panchmahal district namely Dahod, Garbada, Jhalod, Fatehpura, Limkheda, Dhanpur and Devgadh Baria wer carved away to form a separate unit with Dahod town as the district headquarters. Dahod is located near the boundaries of two states, Rajasthan and Maddhyapradesh.

Figure 1: Project location

1.1.1 Geography: Dahod is a tribal dominated district situated in the eastern part of Gujrarat. It is surrounded by Panchmahal district in the west, Banswara district of Rajasthan to the North, Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh to the east and Vadodara district to the south. The district has an area of 3943 Sq km. There are seven talukas in the district like Dadhod, Garbada, Jhalod, Fatehpura,

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Limkheda, Dhanpur and Devgadh Baria. These seven talukas are divided into 696 villages with 470 Gram Panchayats. 1.1.2 Social: Out of total population in this district 90 % inhabitants residing in villages. As Dahod is predominantly inhabited by tribals. The main tribal groups are Bhils, Pateliyas, Nayaks, and Rathwas. The villages are divided into different hamlets called Falia. High rates of migration, lack of awareness and social bindings are the main causes of the backward area. 1.1.3 Population: According to the 2011 census population of Dahod District is 2126558 comprising 1123279 male and 1003279 female. The district has a population density of 582 inhabitants per square kilometer. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 29.95 %. Dahod has sex ratio of 986 females for every 1000 males and literacy rate of 60.16% 1.1.4 Natural Resources and Livelihood The district is having rich water resources and the main rivers of the district are Anas, Machan, Khan Kali 1 and 2, Hadaf, Panam and Kabutri while river Sipi, Dausi, Wankdi and Sukhi Nafdi are tributeries of main river Hadap. Kind of soil is hard and rocky. The types of soil are clayey and sandy loam with water holding capacity of 40 to 50%. The main occupation of the district is agriculture. Rearing of small livestock is another source of income for the poor of the region where as the larger animals are reared by the comparatively better of families. Very few families have taken up micro enterprise like grocery shops, micro level trading etc.

1.2 Objective of the study:

A. To develop Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation system for WADI and Watershed Development Program B. To demonstrate and implement the developed diary on basis for 15 days. C. To prepare business plan on vegetables for the beneficiaries of WADI taking farmers, SHGs and GVT.

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CHAPTER 2 : [METHODOLOGY]
Currently Wadi and Watershed project is running in 17 village of Dahod District. Field staffs like Community Organizers (CO) and Jaankars are responsible for entire implementation, monitoring and execution on the field level activities. Jaankars and Community Organizers are headed by Program Manager in District office. Discussion with field staffs such as Jankar, APO, PO, Agriculture Officer, Engineer and Village Watershed Committee. Interviews and focused group discussion with WADI and Watershed beneficiaries. Reports and records as Secondary data from GVT and NABARD office. Initially as a pilot test, we structured a farmers diary consisting of all activities related to Wadi and Livelihood. One day training in field organized for all jaankars and COs that how to maintain the diary and if there is some lacuna then make some improvement in farmers diary for a better monitoring system. Under each Jaankar 5 farmers are selected for pilot and diary given to each for 15 days.

2.1 Limitation of the study

Very less time allocated to study the WADI and Watershed Project.

2.2 Organization profile:

Gramin Vikas Trust

Gramin Vikas Trust (GVT), committed for development of the rural livelihoods was established by Krishak Bharti Co-operative Limited, with the support from Govt. of India and Department for International Development (DFID), U.K. The mission of GVT is to act as a catalyst involving and enabling the rural communities to improve their livelihoods in the resource poor areas. Gramin Vikas Trust has been registered, under Indian Trust Act 1882, at New Delhi; vide Registration No. 1501/4 dated 4th May 1999. Its Registered Office is: 49-50 Red Rose House, Nehru Place, New Delhi 110 019 and its corporate office is KRIBHCO Bhawan in Noida, U.P. GVT is exempted under section 35 AC and 80G of Income Tax Act.1961, besides it also has

12

Exemption under section 197 (1) of the Income Tax Act 1961. GVT is registered under Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA), 1976, with registration no. 231660318.

2.2.1 Organizational Setup GVT is headed by a Board of Trustees, consisting of 7 (seven) Ex-Officio Members comprising of Chairman, Vice Chairman, Managing Director, Finance Director and Marketing Director of KRIBHCO and two nominees from the Department of Fertilizers, Govt. of India. Four nominated members are also on the board having expertise in the field of Agriculture and Agricultural Research, Rural Development, Non-Government/Voluntary Sector and Social Sciences.

Figure 2: Organogram

2.2.2 What they do? To Serve the local communities and bring about rural prosperity GVT has adopted a number of villages for their integrated development and has prepared a participatory action plan based on the available local resources of villages and thereby supplementing the efforts of the local bodies and Government agencies in making the village self-reliant in meeting its needs.

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2.3 Objectives of GVT:

Improvement of livelihood of tribal and farming community. Gender and poverty focused participatory approaches and its implementation. Establishment of village based institutions. Capacity building of community by setting up training centers. Consultancy on Rural Development to different organizations/institutions. Research and other related activities on sustainable agriculture. Sustainable links with Government, Non-Government, Educational and Research Institution. 2.3.1 Main Approaches Participatory planning process (PPP), implementation, monitoring and capacities; Developing local capacitated; Special focus on equity gender, class and caste based; and Formation and strengthening of village wise institutions.

2.3.2 They work with Commitment Team Work Honesty and Integrity Innovation and Creativity Professionalism Community Participatory Approach And finally dedication & passion

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2.4 The Western India Rain-fed Farming Project (WIRFP)

WIRFP was initiated in 1993 with the overall goal of reducing poverty in rain fed areas of India. The purpose of the project is to enhance the livelihoods of poor people in selected areas of Western India through appropriate technologies and approaches. It is anticipated that the program would impact on the lives of roughly 675,000 people (log frame appended). The project is supported by the UK Department for International Development India (DFIDI). The first phase (Phase I) of the project was implemented by KRIBHCO from 1993 to 1999, in three districts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. Phase I focused on learning from interventions in natural resources and livelihoods of poor people. The lessons learned were used in scaling up of the project in Phase II, with an emphasis on the promotion of sustainable livelihoods and farming systems development; Enhancing dissemination through partnership and Participatory Technology Development.

2.5 Project components and approaches:

The main components of the project are: 2.5.1Component A: Farming System Development Expanding Project interventions, activities to 202 core project villages (where these activities will be concentrated) and 500 proximal villages (where dissemination shall take place), thus bringing substantial livelihood benefits to about 5,60,000 rural poor. 2.5.2Component B: Promoting Dissemination through Partnership Project technologies to another 500 villages via GOs, NGOs, PRIs and CBOs in the region (thus benefiting at least another 410,000 (rural poor) and to selected organizations within the country. 2.5.3Component C: Participatory Technology Development by facilitating links between government research institutes and project communities, especially poor.

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2.6 Project area:

Table 1: Project area

Madhya Pradesh Project area District covered Cluster undertaken No. Of Core villages currently working No. Of dissemination villages No. of dissemination villages in which project is working
Source secondary data

Rajasthan Gujarat Ratlam 2 24 60 175 144 2 8 20 75 75 1 14 50 105 105 Jhabua 2 19 72 180 142

Total 7 65 202 535 466

The project works in the areas of soil and water conservation, crop, tree and livestock development, micro-enterprise and social development with local government and self help groups.

2.7 Strength of GVT

Long experience in sustainable livelihoods support in the Rainfed and resource poor tribal areas.

Successful participatory models in farming system development. Experience of on & off-farm income generating activities (IGA). Experienced and qualified Field Expertise in Watershed Management, Agriculture, Livestock, SWC & WRD, Social Development and Aquaculture etc.

Programs being implemented and disseminated through a cadre of more than 6000 Jankars (trained para -professionals).

Tested cost-effective Parser (Dissemination) Strategies.

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2.8 Thematic Areas:

Gramin Vikas Trust is basically working with the tribal people living below poverty line in eight states of the country, namely Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in the West, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the East.

A. Social

Mobilization

and

Institutional

Development: GVT has developed a comprehensive and proven method for community mobilization and strengthening grass root institutions through

Self Help Group's, rapport building, participatory planning process, community problem analysis and community need analysis through PRA and IFPRA, well being ranking, village work plans, capacity building of community groups, PRIs and CBOs.

B. Livelihood and Enterprise GVT has been focusing its activities for the sustainable enhancement of livelihoods for the rural poor through farm and non-farm activities since the past one and half decades. Multispectral approaches with holistic interventions are being implemented with participation of the communities. Communities are being organized into Self Help Groups and are empowered to plan and implement various programs. The groups are able to access the project funds based on their actual needs and also identify the beneficiaries. Need based activities, costs, time-line and the beneficiaries are approved by a resolution in the Self Help Groups, then funds are accessed and utilized by self-help-groups members.

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Practical Session of Mason skill Development training at Vocational Training Centre Dahod (Gujarat)

Self Help Group Meeting at Karamba

C. Women Empowerment and Equity: Poverty reduction and livelihood enhancement activities are being carried out with a focus on gender and equity. Women empowerment and gender sensitization process are taken up at village level. Many livelihood activities such poultry, flourmill, grocery/bangle shops, block printing work are exclusively provided to women beneficiaries and women groups. A cadre of women Jankars have been identified and are working as trained village level Para-Professional to spearhead women empowerment activities under GVT. Capacity building/training, exposure programs, women participation in Self Help Groups and other community institutions are ensured to participate in decision making process, benefit sharing and to access livelihood opportunities to improve their socio-economic status. The entire livelihood activities under Rain fed farming programs are implemented through selfhelp groups; hence the total cost of the project is utilized through the groups. This has resulted in wider opportunities for the community contribution and thus creating room for the Self Help Groups to generate more group funds through savings and credit activities. The group funds are mainly used for promoting entrepreneurial activities based on the local needs, resources, skills as well as market opportunities for various products. D. Renewable Natural Resources Management & Watershed Development:

Intensive Natural Resource Management activities are carried out through Soil & Water Conservation, Water Resource Development, Joint Forest Management, Common Property Resource Development, formation of user beneficiaries group, Watershed approach by following ridge to valley treatment measures, contour and staggered trenches, gully plugs and check dams. Besides these, community leaders are empowered through intensive training in Participatory Watershed Management to build the element of sustainability.

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Soil Treatment Area in Sarmariya

E. Farming Systems Research and Development:

Participatory Technology Generation and Participatory Varietal Selection are initiated in collaboration with State Agriculture Universities. GVT Regularly conducts farmers managed participatory trials in agriculture crops such as, Rice, Maize, Black gram, Pigeon Pea, Chickpea, etc. and has released four varieties of crops.

Crop Demonstration plot and seed bank development F. Innovative Migrant Labor Support Programs:

Migration is an indispensable means of livelihood for many rural poor in the rain fed areas. Due to degraded, unproductive land, and lack of alternative employment opportunities, the rural communities are forced to migrate to urban areas in search of employment. GVT worked with these migrant laborers to facilitate and support them and reduce their sufferings during migration 19

and improve their livelihoods. Special training centers have been opened in different localities where migrant laborers get relevant information on their rights. Special Information and Communication Centers, PSKs (Palayan Sewa Kendras) have been opened in different cluster areas so that migrant laborers could know the employment opportunities, build legal awareness, the human rights and other laws of contract labor. Special identity cards have been issued to these migrant laborers. PSKs and MRCs (Migration Resource Centers) have been opened for a smooth functioning between their native places and the place of work. GVT is facilitating better services for migrant road construction workers at Ratlam district in Madhya Pradesh through a ADB funded pilot project. The project area is a tribal dominated area and most of the communities work as construction laborer. Awareness generation and capacity building are the key component of the project. GVT's Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches (SLAs) are centered on people and their livelihoods. GVT prioritize people's assets (tangible and intangible); their ability to withstand shocks (the vulnerability context); and policies and institutions that reflect poor people's priorities, rather than those of the elite.

H. Skill Development through Vocational Training: Vocational training means a training related to livelihood intervention and job oriented. So after the training a person has able to do the work in a proper way or income oriented. Realizing the need for enhancing vocational skills of the rural workforce, GVT has been providing skill up gradation training program for the unskilled rural workers in collaboration with Govt.,

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Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC), New Delhi and Larsen & Turbo

Practical Training Session Ltd. The vocational skill training on Masonry, Carpentry, Plumbing, and Electrical trades were regularly conducted under the Certification of IGNOU, New Delhi and Larsen & Toubro.

Special Focus:

1. Institutional building, capacity building and diversification of Self Help Groups and Community Based Organizations. 2. Working for Gender equity and empowerment of rural women through participation in Panchayati Raj Institutions and Group activities. 3. Influencing Government Institutions in Policy making, program execution & capacity building and rendering favorable support to Self Help Group. 4. To enable poor women to make use of choices, spaces and opportunities in the economic, social and political spheres for their improved well-being.

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CHAPTER 3: [WADI DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM]

3.1Introduction:
Many complexities attached with tribal way of life due their historical, socio-cultural and geographical situations. Some approach of development being attempted to reduce it but unfortunately not met with desired success. In this way with the help of Government and NGOs

in different part of country made some demonstrative models of development, Among them the Wadi approach adopted by an NGO, BAIF Development Research Foundation (BAIF), Pune. It left a good impact in a short span of time and stands out as sustainable model for replication in other tribal areas. WADI (Small Orchard) program introduced during 80s in Vansda District in Gujrat by BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune as comprehensive Tribal Development Program. This program is basically an agriculture based farming system in the rain fed tribal areas envisaged empowering women through community participation, initiative as processing and marketing of products. The main focus is on development of small fruit orchard (Wadi), Agriculture improvement and restoration of waste land through ecological intervention and soil and moisture conservation measures. NABARD became the nodal agency for the program and has created a dedicated fund for the project namely Tribal Development Fund (TDF). WADI in Gujarati means a small orchard covering one or two acres. This may be of mango or cashew or Amla or any fruit crop suitable to the area or combination of these tree crops, with forestry species on the periphery of the land holding. Two or more trees crops are selected in the WADI model to minimize biological and marketing risks. An one acre model of WADI accommodates around 40 fruit plants and 320 forestry plants. In five years, a poor village of 100 families gets converted into an orchard of a 100-150 acre producing hundreds of tones of fruits.

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3.2 Wadi System

The influence of other enterprises of the farmer on the tree-based system is given due recognition in the Wadi concept. Whereas the interaction among the components in most agro-forestry systems is in the tree-crop interface, it happens in many different ways in Wadi. For example, the fodder from the forestry species in the Wadi is used as fodder for livestock and the dung or farmyard manure is returned to the interspaces where annual crops are grown. Similarly, there is interaction among the Wadi and non-Wadi land in sharing labor and inputs. Incorporation of these factors in the design and execution is a major reason for the success of the Wadi programme. The Wadi system also includes activities such as production of seedlings or grafts in nurseries and post-harvest handling of processing and marketing of produce.

3.3 Wadi plot:

The Wadi plot has agricultural, horticultural and forestry species in 1.0 acre of land. The arrangement of these species generally centers on the horticultural component where trees like Mango, Pomegranate and Amla are planted at spacing 5 x 5 m. As intercrops are grown in the

interspaces of trees, their yield is additional and not at the expense of fruit / nut yield of the horticultural crops. The third component of the Wadi system is forestry species like Suable,Sagwan, Teak and Ber. These multipurpose trees are planted at relatively close spacing along the border of the designated Wadi plot. The shift from the rainfall-dependent single crop to at least three species in the Wadi enhances the ecological sustainability of the farm. At the same time, the product diversity in the form of food, fodder, fuel wood and small timber increases the economic sustainability of the farmer.

3.4 Tree based farming:

This is the core land-based intervention for promoting livelihoods of participating families. Under this component, a ST family develops its one acre of underutilized or waste land into a productive tree-based farming system.This tree-based system along with other components generates sustainable income and meet other requirements of the family such as food, fuel wood and fodder. Cultivation aspects are combined with conservation aspects to ensure sustainability of the system.

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3.5 Horticulture and kitchen gardening:

Horticulture crops including vegetable crops with track record of suitability for the areas are raised. In order to reduce biological and market risks, two types of fruit species plan

introduced under the Project. The types of fruit species are determined through feasibility study. Farmers preferences are also considered before selecting the species.

3.6 Area Selection:

States having predominant tribal population will be considered for the support out of this fund. Preferences could be given to the districts/blocks/villages where percentage of tribal population is more than 50%. Priority will be given to the areas in the country which is identified by the Planning Commission (Annexure 2). The selected area should be large enough so that a viable cluster, with at least 1000 tribal families, could be covered for benefit under the project for effective management. However, 10% of these participants could be landless. Currently Wadi project is running in 14 villages under GVT, Dahod. Villages are followings:

Table 2: Villages under WADI

Matwa Vazilao Nelsur

Aamli Ablor Nadelao

Nandwa Tokiwaju Tokianup

Nalwai Dadur Minakior

Jhari Bujurg Vadwa

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3.6.1 Total area coverage for Wadi:

Table 3: Area covered

Serial No. 1

Crop Activity Name Pomegranate Orchard Mango

Variety Ganesha & Dholka Keshar Rajapuri Multipurpose tree

Spacing (m) 5x5 10x10 10x10 1.5x1.5

Total Plants 11 15 14 320

Total area (sq m) 275 1500 1400 720

Border Fencing and boundaries Water Harvesting Structure Nursery and other activity

Fodder and Fuel Tree

5x5 Fruits, Vegetables, flowers etc Total Area

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3920

3.7 Participants:
Small and marginal farmers of ST communities owing not more than 5 acre are eligible to participate in the program. The supports from the fund are to the extent of development of maximum one acre per family or equivalent cost. The participating families should be agree to work together with other families in groups and also provide family labor required for completion of core activity. Further they should be agreeable adopt the project discipline. The tribal participants should commit themselves to make periodic, regular contributions to create a common village fund and to constitute, at the village level, a representative body for managing the program and maintaining all the valuable assets created and generated by the project.

3.8 Implementation stage:

The project is implemented with cluster approach, with each cluster having around 1000 tribal families spread over a number of contiguous villages. It should be projected that all eligible families in the given villages are brought under the project.

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3.9 Number of Plants Required for Wadi in different stages :

Table 4:Plants required

Crops Mango Pomegranate Forestry Total Mortality @10% Total

Quantity 29 11 320

Ist Batch (200 2nd Batch (400 3rd Batch ( 400 Wadi) Wadi) wadi) 5800 11600 11600 2200 4400 4400 64000 128000 128000 72000 144000 144000 7200 79200 14400 158400 14400 158400

3.10 Success points for project

Clarity about the project:

The

project

will

include

other

income

generating

activity

such

as

horticulture/agriculture/forestry, dairy, micro enterprises etc. Social aspects such as women empowerment, health development etc have an equal bearing on the overall success of the program.
Owing the project by the participants:

The project participants should wholeheartedly own the project and contribute for the successful implementation and maintenance thereafter.
Family Labor:

Each participating family is required to contribute entire labor component.

Trained manpower:

It may be ensured that enough trained manpower is available end if necessary suitable orientation program could be organized to develop such skills.
Active involvement of women:

Women participation should be ensured in all the process of project implementation, as bulk of the farm related work are carried out by then, besides playing the role of transmitters of culture and values to the children.

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Seasonality: The project activities should be undertaken keeping in view the appropriate season.

3.11 Selected Species:

In this regard preference are given for the plantation of fruits plants as per the choice to the participant member, which was identified through PRA. Plantation of following species are preferred in the project areas.
1. Fruits : Mango, Pomegranate, Sapota etc 2. Forestry : Sagwan, Teak ,Sisoo, Subabool, Sanjeda etc 3. Fodder: Napier, stylo etc 4. Medicinal: Aswagandha, Amla etc.

Apart from these plants GVT also facilitating the technical knowledge and support to the group to get the other crop like Vegetables, Pulses, Oilseed, Fodder cultivation and different cash crop etc. Intercropping like Maize with Ground Nut, Maize with Pulses etc are also promoted to improve the soil fertility as well as to improve the nutritional value in food. These all activities will increase the net return from one acre land cultivation. The project also facilitates the tribal community to undertake different livestock activities as their situation and capability like poultry and goatry. Training and Exposure are provided to upgrade their technical skill and capacity. The project also facilitate the group to develop it a viable unit for enhancement of their family income. In non-farm based livelihood intervention the project facilitates the process and provide technical support to the group member to undertake different nonfarm based activates specially local needs and resource based activities and further diversification and scaling up for higher income. Group members are exposed to local market and to nearest town for marketing the product either individually or through group federation.

3.12 Criteria for Species Selection and Yield (Estimated)

While the Wadi of participating farmers will include tree-based farming, horticulture varieties, forestry species and other food crops, the final selection of species are done after considering the following criteria: 27

Agro climatic conditions of the region Farmers preference Marketability of produce Possibility of value addition

3.13 Source of Plants:

Table 5:source

Serial No.

Crops

Source 1. National Livelihoods Resource Institute (GVT) Ratlam 2.Central Horticulture Experimentation Station (ICAR), Vejalpur, Gujrat 3. Govt. of Gujrat, Horticulture Dept. 4. Private Nurseries

Mango

1. National Livelihoods Resource Institute (GVT) Ratlam 2.Central Horticulture Experimentation Station (ICAR), Pomegranate Vejalpur, Gujrat 3. Govt. of Gujrat, Horticulture Dept. 4. Private Nurseries Forestry Above same and Nursery Raising within the village

3.14 Estimated Yield from Wadi:

Table 6:Yield

Year Wise Yield (Kg/Tree) serial no 1 2 Crop 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 15 8 30 20 9 40 20 10 60 20

Mango 0 0 0 0 5 10 Pomegranate 0 0 0 0 5 10

28

3.15 PROJECT COMPONENTS

Component 1- Soil and Water Conservation:

The soil and water conservation component in the Project helps the ST farmers address threats to soil, water and related natural resources and make cost-effective changes to cropping systems, soil & moisture conservation activities including construction of farm ponds, bandhs, watershed development, grazing management, nutrient management and irrigation. The nature of the interventions are taken on the terrain and Component 2 Irrigation: The construction of water harvesting structures such as check dams in the catchment area of the village tanks allow water conservation and silt harvesting in the upper regions of the project area. While check dams and group wells are the devices to build water storage, the harvesting of this water requires a distribution and conveyance system. For the group wells and medium and large size check dams that are proposed under the Project, creation of community Lift Irrigation scheme for the distribution of water to the fields has been envisaged. The Project also support the construction of the check dams and also link it to the development of lift irrigation schemes wherever feasible to improve the productivity of the land. To enhance the water use efficiency, micro irrigation (MI) systems are promoted for ST farmers, especially those engaged in horticulture and floriculture. Component 3 - Agricultural Diversification and Wadi Development This component seeks to increase the productivity of ST farm lands. Improved crop varieties are promoted with enhanced productivity and quality. The availability of good quality saplings are also in priority areas. Agricultural diversification through the Integrated Wadi and Agricultural Diversification Project is a recent initiative applicable to small plots of land, and has been beneficial for ST farmers. The initiative, in addition to increasing the income from fruits, flowers and vegetables in several tribal pockets, also provided food security and reduced the drudgery of collecting fuel wood and fodder. Overall, after ensuring water security through water harvesting and lift irrigation, there is considerable potential for agricultural diversification as it can be implemented effectively with good returns to farmers even in small plots of land. With vary for Wadi plots located along undulating

topography with high to medium rainfall, and those plots located in plains

29

inter cropping and agricultural diversification, it is possible for the farmers to generate cash income quickly and with less risks. Component 4: Post Harvest Storage, Processing, Packaging and Marketing The aim of this component is to bring about improvements in post-harvest handling and marketing for fewer losses and reduced price fluctuations. Focus on this Project component will result in better handling, cold chain management, and packaging which will improve the quality of products when they reach the market. Reducing post-harvest losses would make agricultural diversification more attractive for small-scale farmers. Since local and regional consumption usually utilizes majority of the production, upgrading the existing traditional market chains will also be prioritized. Component 5 Community Participation through Users Groups and Self Help Groups One of the major conditions for the implementation of the proposed Project is to ensure an undertaking from the community that it will manage the Project in an independent and collective manner under user groups. This ensures future operation and maintenance responsibility by the user group and thus sustainability of the Project. The ownership of the Project by the target groups are ensured through community participation from planning stage to project implementation and by transferring the post-project management to the community institutions set up for the specific purpose. Village level institutions in the form of user groups are formed to largely focus on equity, efficiency, participation, sustainability and accountability. The project also get support from the running SHGs of savings and credit activities and capacity building. It increases the capacity of the groups credit-worthy so that they can access funds from banks and government schemes for productive purposes. The members of the SHGs are ST poor both men and women, who are below the poverty line. It provides them financial backup for investment in Agri-input investment in their crops. Component 6 - Training and Capacity Building Under the proposed project, this component is considerably strengthened and include the

capacity building of ST beneficiaries womens and participating official members. The trainings, exposure visits and demonstrations are the prime training tools that is used for ST farmers. The major areas where training are given to project participants include agriculture, natural resource management, capacity building and community-organization related procedures.

30

CHAPTER 4: [IMPLEMENTATION]
4.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR WADI PROJECT:
Monitoring and Reporting Structure for Wadi Project under GVT, Dahod District Gujarat....

NABARD RPM, Dahod PO APO

Jankar Farmers Club

Under Wadi Project total number of farmers are 919. On village ground level different individual farmers make a Farmers Club and above Farmers Club there is Gramin Vikas Samiti who supervise the all activities related to Wadi development. Jaankar is responsible for all activities related to Farmers. Jaankars are under APO (Assistant Program Officer) and above

31

APO there is PO (Program Officer) . These all are headed by RPO (Regional Program Officer) and he is responsible for submit the report to NABARD office. Timely supervision of project is done by NABARD officials including financial as well as physical. The reporting time varies on level to level.

4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Diary:

To develop a monitoring system for Wadi project running under GVT, Dahod, under which we made a farmers diary. Which compiles of different activities like agriculture inputs, awareness program, exposure visits, produces and visitors comments and remarks. The main purpose of

making this diary is to ensure that Jaankars regularly visit the farmers field or not???. This will also ensure the suggestions and information given by Jaankar and other field staff to the Wadi beneficiaries. After visiting the Wadi farm field staffs will make a comment on farmers diary with signature and date and farmers will make a sign on field staffs diary on same with date and time. This will ensure the regular monitoring of Wadi with proper direction.

4.3 Findings:
Benefits from the Wadi for farmers. 1. Productive utilization of wasteland for Wadi purpose. 2. Conservation of natural Resource like soil and water. 3. Self Employment creation for rural people. 4. Increase in production of fruits as well as other crops. 5. Reduce in migration rate. 6. Social Status 7. Women Empowerment as well as community development through active participation in Community Development. 8. Improved health and life style. 9. Promotion of Micro Enterprises for land less people. 32

10. Food Security

Though from Wadi, beneficiaries are not getting so much return as program is in implementation stage the produce starts coming from 5th year of plantation. Thus, this gap period is very crucial for farmers, during these period the families under Wadi need some support in the form of

employment to sustain their livelihood and basic needs. For this different activities like nursery raising, vegetable cultivation and cattle raring (goat, poultry etc..) support are being provided by GVT. They are advised to take care of Wadi properly so that this will give them a good return

after 4 to 5 years. This help them to do not migrate to urban areas. Other income activities help them to remain with family and to maintain the Wadi properly. With the help of Wadi they will get fuel, fruits, fodder and timber in future that will reduce the dependency of forest areas as forest areas are also reducing. Now the new initiative taken by the GVT to make a group of vegetables farmers which produce the vegetables and GVT will help them in Marketing. For this organization will provide them all inputs and technology as well as other requirements. Wadi plots are maintained by farmers carefully though some Wadi plots which are in first year need to fencing properly for the safety purpose from animals. Regular and proper guidelines are required much in initial stage as probability of mortality rate are higher in starting years.

33

CHAPTER 5 : [WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM]

5.1 Introduction
A Watershed can be defined as an independent hydrological unit. It is a drainage basin or catchment area of a particular stream or river. In simple terms, it refers to the entire upstream topography around a defined drainage channel which feeds water to the lands below. A watershed may vary from a few hectares to several thousands of hectares.

5.2 Major Problems of the Watershed Area:

Small & Semi medium Land Holdings Treeless landscape due to large scale deforestation Excessive runoff and soil erosion. Poor land use and vegetative cover Lack of awareness about improved agricultural practices. Large number of unproductive animals Reduced productivity of soil and Natural resources. Drinking water problems due to deep water table. Large scale migration to urban areas for labor work. Extremely vulnerable socio-economic conditions of women and poor families due to lack of access and control over resources. Lack of credit and market linkage facilities and extension services. Lack of collective action among community itself. No perseverance of community Property Resources (CPR). 34

5.3 Why watershed a need?

The consequent of environmental degradation are all too well known. Activities of manlike deforestation, wrong farming techniques ,livestock over-grazing and faulty land use lead to the destruction of plant and tree cover exposing the earth to the natural forces like heavy rains, direct sunshine and high winds. These in turn lead to environmental problems such as soil erosion, floods or water scarcity. Agricultural yield is lowered and this results in decline in the income levels of the community resulting in poverty and eventually leading to migration of labor from rural to urban areas in search of livelihood. Watershed development, therefore, involves not only regeneration of the environment, but also the management of needs of the human community in such a way that their demands match the resources available like land, water and vegetation within that particular watershed. This equilibrium between need and availability of resources will lead to a better and increased resistance to drought and increased agricultural production augmenting food supply, fodder, fuel and, timber. Thus standard of living improves leading to reduction in poverty-induced migration. A watershed provides the best environmental unit for planning a development program.

Watershed development refers to the conservation, regeneration, and the judicious use of human and natural (like land, water, plants, animals) resources within a particular watershed. Watershed development attempts to bring about the best possible balance in the environment between natural resources on one side and man and grazing animals on the other. It requires peoples participation because conservation is possible only through the whole hearted involvement of the entire community.

5.4 WDP- Gramin Vikas Trust

The Watershed Development Program (WDP) run by Gramin Vikas Trust is under Indo-German Watershed Development Program funded by NABARD. The watershed projects are run in the areas where there is low rainfall; water table is comparatively low and are mostly rain-fed areas. These areas fall in the semi arid rainfall area which generally receives rainfall from southwest monsoon starting from the middle June to the end of September. The rainfall data collected from meteorological department estimated average rainfall (10yrs) maximum up to 650mm and minimum up to 290mm. The area is considered as Rain-fed Farming Area.

35

5.5 Selection Criteria for Watershed Development Program

Physical Characteristics: a) Dry and drought prone villages, In any case the proportion of irrigated area may not exceed the average for the state or 30% whichever is lower.

b) Villages with noticeable soil erosion, land degradation, resource depletion of water scarcity problems. c) Villages in the upper part of drainage systems d) The size of a watershed project should be around 1000ha (but not less than 500ha). e) Well defined watersheds with the village boundaries coinciding to the greatest extent possible with the watershed boundary. As far as possible, Watershed encompassing one village is ideal. Socio-economic characteristics. a. Predominantly poor villages. b. High proportion of ST in the total population. c. There should not be much difference in the size of the land holdings. d. Villages that have shown concern for resource conservation.

Village Commitment a) To ban clear felling of trees. b) To ban free grazing and in treated areas for protecting vegetation. c) To reduce the livestock population if in excess, and maintain the same at the carrying capacity of the watershed (number which can be supported by the watershed).

d) To ban cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane and banana or at least not to increase the area under such crops from the present position, e) To contribute initially four days of Shramadan on watershed treatment works by the entire village community and later, once selected for the program to contribute by way of shramadan

36

f) Promote equity for women and poor through preferential allocation of usufruct right in common lands.

g) To start and contribute a Watershed Maintenance Fund, from the second or third year onwards to maintain and upgrade the treatments and assets created under the project at a rate of Rs.100/- per land owning families. h) To take all such steps as are necessary for achieving and maintaining a sustainable production system.

i) To constitute, at the village level, a body called the Village Watershed Committee (VWC) which would have to be registered during the implementation phase within 6monthsof the commencement of the work, so that it can undertake responsibility for maintenance of all the valuable assets created and generated by the project.

5.6 Physiographic and Drainage for WDP

The topography of the watershed area is undulating to rolling with varying slopes. The slope ranges from 3 to 10 per cent. Most of the land is having 3 to 7 per cent slope and Nearly 60 per cent of the area has steep slopes and rest has moderate slope. The area constitutes, composed of weathered, unconsolidated medium to course grained material having low to moderate slope.

5.7 Necessity for Participatory Approach for the WDP

The Watershed Development Program to be successful must involve the participation of the concerned people and must be related to the environment in which they live, and on which they depend for their needs. This involves the following: It has to be focused n the regeneration and equitable use of the resources in the particular environment on which the village depends for its needs. A Watershed provides a naturally occurring hydrological unit and is also the area on which the inhabitants depend
for survival. It thus becomes a common issue drawing the people together, giving rise to a common interest and fostering a common purpose.

The people voluntarily must come together and accept full responsibility for regenerating their environment from concept to planning, implementation, supervision, maintenance of 37

project measures and associated practices. This would imply consensus in arriving at a common understanding regarding rules and regulations and the setting up of mechanisms of organization of works, sharing of benefits and resolution of conflicts. To make the project sustainable, it is necessary for all the key actors, like the Watershed Community, NGOS, Banks, Government institutions and Technical Service

Organizations, participate actively and in close coordination with each other. Participatory watershed development must be implemented on a large enough scale in different places to create many success stories, each of which can act as nuclei, becoming a source to inspiration and demonstration for neighboring villages. This would provide a major impetus for the unfolding of peoples movement for regeneration of environment.

5.8Purpose for WDP

38 To regenerate the ecological balanced Natural Resources Development, management & optional utilization. To create sustainable livelihood opportunities for all. To increase the employment opportunity at village level. To increase drinking water, food, fodder & fuel availability. To overcome the drought situation by employment generation with long term affectivity of the plan. To increase the ground water level by harvesting the available water resources for increasing the agricultural production. To improve vegetative cover. To reduce migration and improve the livelihood conditions of people. To conserve soil and water & increase agricultural productivity of the area. To increase the cultivable area. To improve socio-economic status or vulnerable groups of community (emphasis would be given to women). To create and strengthen appropriate village institution for the management of natural resources and promote collective action. To increase the awareness for managing their livestock in more productive way

To develop the sustainable linkage of the village institutions with Banks and financial Institutions.

5.9Formation of Village Watershed Committee (VWC)

The VWC comprises of 11members who are selected among the village people. The committee consists of secretary, president and team leader from NGOs and one third of the participation must come from woman. The 8 members are elected among the village people irrespective of member of village panchayat. The rest 3 members are women. There is also a member from NGO who works as team leader and looks after all the works of Watershed.

5.10 Activates Involved in Watershed Development Program

Treatment of the whole watershed area with suitable soil and water conservation and vegetative measures using ridge to valley approach to reduce soil loss and better utilization of water. There are total 81activities in SWC such as FB, SGP, EGP, and SB etc., 61 in DLT and 45 activities in well inventory. Utilization of the land according to its capability to increase its agriculture intensity, productivity on sustainable basis as explained separately. Promotion of community based organizations for local self-governance & sustainable development at village level. Promote the better linkages of local village Institutions with government departments for extension services & credit linkage with Banks for SHGs and farmers to facilitate the adoption of better techniques of Agriculture and adoption of non-farm activities. Promotion of Agricultural activities such agro-forestry, agro-horticulture, grass seeding, nursery development, crop demonstration, floriculture etc. Promotion of livestock rearing such as goat rearing, poultry, dairy etc. as alternative sources of income.

5.11Phases of WDP
Capacity Building Phase- The CBP is for one year and consist of following activities: 39

 One VWC at watershed level already exists, which include the representative of Gram Panchayat, women and each hamlet. Conduct training programs for all the stake holders for effective interventions in watershed Conduct village level meeting regularly and discussing the problems, solutions and planning. Organizing exposure visits to various successful watershed projects to understand the concept of watershed, implementation process, impacts, etc Organizing cultural activities, training programs, to capacitate the community as per need and requirement as a part of watershed development activities Implementation of soil and water conservation activities with vegetative measures in micro watershed area (i.e., Contour Bunding, Continuous Contour Trenching, Afforestation, Gully plugs, Farm Bunding etc.) Full Implementation Phase: - The FIP is for 4 years and involves completion of all the work mentioned in the CBP and Feasibility Study Report (FSR).

CHAPTER 6[ BUSINESS PLAN]

6.1Business Plan:

Business Plan for the WADI/Watershed beneficiaries

The WADI beneficiaries are in 14 villages of District, Dahod. There are 919 WADI beneficiaries out of which 384 farmers have irrigation facilities and grow vegetables throughout the year. The farmers grow diverse kind of vegetables such as brinjal, cauliflower, ladys finger, chilly, radish, bottle gourd, methi, garlic, onion, cabbage, cucumber, beet, tomato, cluster beans etc. The production of vegetables is large in the areas but the farmers are unable to get appropriate price in the market. The most of the farmers profit is earned by the middle man. Thus, Gramin Vikas Trust proposed a model to link farmers directly with the market. The developed business model has 3 major players- farmers as primary producers, SHG for primary processing of the agroproduce such as sorting, grading, packaging etc. and Gramin Vikas Trust would provide market linkage, transportation of agro-produce and handle the overall administration. Gramin Vikas Trust is also planned to provide agri-inputs excluding seeds under WADI program to farmers and 40

would insists farmers with good quality of seeds resistant to pest or requires less pesticide, high yielding variety, have good quality and uniform production throughout the season. The proposed model has been selected for 350 farmers which will be given okra and cluster bean. The farmers would be asked to buy seeds of particular variety and fertilizer and pesticides would be provided from GVT under WADI development program. The area under cultivation would be 284 acres out 350acres excluding area for mango and pomegranate i.e. the thala area of 1*1 sq m. The farmers would be recommended to buy high yielding variety seeds of okra and cluster beans. The capable farmers who can buy seeds of their own can buy the recommended seeds and the farmers who dont have enough money to buy seed

should take loan from their respective SHGs. The SHG would provide loan to farmers. The Gramin Vikas Trust and SHG in association would work and provide appropriate price and help in providing market linkage. Gramin Vikas Trust will also ensure BUY BACK GURANTEE to farmers. The fund provided by NABARD would utilized in providing agri-inputs and establishing collection centre, purchasing weighing machine, crates, packaging materials, stationeries and bearing the administration cost for the whole business setup. The profit earned by the SHG would be used in wages of the workers and bearing administration cost of the collection centre. The benefits that can be harvested from such business model are as followed: a) Farmers would be able to get market linkage for their agro-produce. b) Appropriate price c) Transportation cost reduced d) Large margin of profit earned e) Fertility of the soil maintained as alternate growing of crops leguminous and nonleguminous f) SHG able to provide employment to the farmers g) Reduction in migration h) Increase in social capital and economical status of farmers. The overall project cost would be Rs. 99, 91,900 (including fixed cost). The overall production of okra and cluster beans assuming that 120 farmers/day would be providing on regular basis in two seasons would be 88.6927mt. The overall sales for two seasons would be Rs. 11431090. The overall profit earned would be Rs. 1439190. The investment per farmer for two seasons would approx. Rs.36400. The production per farmer in two seasons of okra and cluster beans would be 2054kg and 1642kg respectively. The selling 41

price per kg for okra and cluster beans is Rs 10 and Rs 12 respectively. The overall sells for both would be Rs 20540 and Rs 19704. The net profit earned in a year would be Rs 3844.

6.2FLOW CHART OF BUSINESS MOEDL

Overall Flow Chart of the Business model

Production of vegetables (Farmers)

Collection Centre by SHG members (collection, sorting, grading, washing, packaging, loading)

Dahod (if required for assembly)

Trading by GVT (Mumbai/Surat)

42

6.3DAIRLY AVTIVITIES

A Day Activity by the Farmers, SHGs and GVT

Price Discovery at Mandi by Gvt. Member/ Jankar/ SHG member Early Morning Morning Revelation of price to Jankar at village level

Harvesting of the crop Morning

Transportation of Vegetables to collection centre

Primary Processing at Collection centre by SHG members (sorting, grading, packaging, loading) Afternoon

Maintenance of record of the amount, quality and grades

Final dispatch of the produce to the respective markets

Evening

43

6.4TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PLAN

Particulars Farmers Total Acre 1 acre Total Distance between wadi plants (in m) Total WADI plants Length of area for cultivation Width of area Area in WADI plants (40/100) For 350 farmers Area for cultivation of crops Area for cultivation of crops in acre Percent for cutivation Okra (50%) Percent for cutivation of Cluster beans (50%) Total acre for okra Total acre for beans Area for cultivation / farmer Okra seed cost Cluster Bean cost m m m sq.m sq.m acre % % acre acre acre Rs/Kg Rs/Kg acre (sq.m) sq.m m Unit No. 350 350 4000 1400000 1 40 90 36 760 266000 1134000 284 0.5 0.5 142 142 0.81 1800 300

Seeds both Okra/cluster bean Required kg/acre 6 Seed Required for 0.81 acre both okra and cluster beans/ farmer Rs 4.86 Cost of Okra Cost of cluster beans Rs Rs 8748 1458

44

Cost of Okra seed required for cultivation of 175 acre land Cost of Bean seed required for cultivation of 175 acre land Total cost of seeds for 1 phase Yield of okra Total overall exected production of Okra Yield of Cluster beans Total overall expected production of Cluster Bean Total Production - Technical analysis of Business Model

kg Kg Rs Q/acre Q Q/acre Q Q

1530900 255150 1786050 25 3544 20 2835 6379

6.5ASSUMPTIONSAssumption Particulars
Collection Centre Weighing Balance (capacities 300kg) Cost of 1 electronic balance Total Cost Crates (capacities 40kg)crates/cc Cost of 1 crates Total cost of Crates Stationary expenses Total stationary expense For 4 collection centres Electricity Consumption / CC/ month Total Cost for electricity for 4 CC Electricity Bill for 8months No. of Labor employed at each collection centre Wage Rs Rs Rs Rs/Centre Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs

Unit

No
4 4 5000 20000 50 420 21000 2000 8000 400 1600 12800 3 3000

45

Total no. of labor Total wage for 4 centres/month Total wage for 8months Collection Centre Rent/month Total Room rent for 4 centres Rent for the 12 months Other Expenses for 12months Total Expenses for 4 centres Cost of agri-inputs excluding seed/acre Cost of agri-inputs 350 farmers Transportation Cost(10 tonnes) Total cost of transport for 210 days

Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs

12 36000 288000 2000 8000 96000 5000 20000 5000 1750000 11000 2310000

: Assumptions for technical analysis.

6.6OVERALL PROJECT COST

Particulars Fixed Cost
Electronic Balance Plastic Crates Room Rent Stationary Cost Other Miscellaneous Expenses Total Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs 20000 21000 96000 8000 20000 165000

Unit

Amount

Variable Cost
Seed Cost of Okra/cluster beans (2phase) Cost of Agro-inputs Electricity Bill Rs Rs Rs 3572100 3500000 12800

46

Transportation Cost Wages Total Grand Total

Rs Rs Rs Rs

2310000 432000 9826900 9991900

Table 3: - Project cost

6.7PRODUCTION SHEET OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS FOR TWO SEASONS

ASSUMPTIONS
Assumption Initially No.of days Farmers Total Okra/cluster bean producers Estimated of okra in one season Estimated of Cluster bean in one season Area for cultivation for okra and cluster bean Okra from 0.81acre kg/acre kg/acre acre Kg Unit No. 15 120 175 2500 2000 0.81 2025 Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Harvesting Days for okra Avg.production/ day Cluster Bean from 0.81acre Kg Kg 105 19.29 1620 Sept Oct Nov Dec Harvesting Days for Cluster beans Avg.production/ day Total Okra production in a day Total cluster beans production in a day Grand total Production Kg kg/day kg/day kg/day 75 21.60 2314.3 2592.0 4906.3 Days 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31

: - Assumptions for Production and No. of Days in a month 47

6.8PRODUCTION

Production Sheet
PARTICULARS(1st Phase) SOWING PERIOD 1Feb-14Mar HARVESTING PERIOD 15 31Mar 34714 Mar1Apr30Apr 69429 1Sept30Sept 77760 1May-31May 71743 1Oct-31Oct 80352 196992 1Jun-30jun 69429 245314 TOTAL

Okra

Cluster Bean

1Jul-15Aug

16Aug31Aug 38880

2nd Phase
Sowing Period HARVESTING PERIOD 15Mar31Mar 38880 1Apr30Apr 77760 1Aug31Aug 71743 1May31May 80352 1Sept30Sept 69429 1oct31oct 71743 247629 196992 Total

Cluster Beans

1Feb-14Mar

Okra

1Jun-15Jul

15Jul-31Jul 34714

Total Prod Okra(Kg)

of 492943 393984 886927

Total Prod of Cluster bean(Kg) Grand Total

Sheet for 2 seasons

6.9SALES OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS

48

Avg. Selling Price of Okra Avg. S.P of Cluster bean Total Sales of Okra Total Sales of cluster bean Grand Total Profit

Rs/kg Rs/kg Rs Rs Rs Rs

12 14 5915314 5515776 11431090 1439190 16330.12898 2055.986122

Sales

6.10FARMERS EXPENSE SHEET (2 SEASONS)

Farmers Sheet

Particulars Cost of okra seed Cost of cluster bean seed Agri-input cost excluding seed Miscellaneous Expense(including labor cost) Total

Unit

No. 17496 2916 10000 6000 36412

Rs Rs Rs Rs

Farmers expense for 2 season

6.11TRANSPORTATION COST

Particulars Dahod to Surat Dahod to Mumbai Truck 6 wheeler capacity Truck 10 wheeler capacity Truck (6 wheeler) to Surat/trip Truck (10 wheeler) to Surat/trip Truck (6 wheeler) to Mumbai market/trip Truck (10 wheeler) to Mumbai Market/trip

Unit km km tonnes tonnes Rs Rs Rs Rs

Distance 320 615 7 11 7000 9000 10000 12000

49

CHAPTER 7 [ CONCLUSION]
Though from Wadi and Watershed beneficiaries are not getting so much return as program is in implementation stage the produce starts coming from 5th year of plantation. Thus, this gap period is very crucial for farmers, during these period the families under Wadi need some support in the form of employment to sustain their livelihood and basic needs. For this different activities like nursery raising, vegetable cultivation and cattle raring (goat, poultry etc..) support are being provided by GVT. They are advised to take care of Wadi properly so that this will give them a good return after 4 to 5 years. This help them to do not migrate to urban areas. Other income activities help them to remain with family and to maintain the Wadi properly. With the help of Wadi they will get fuel, fruits, fodder and timber in future that will reduce the dependency of forest areas as forest areas are also reducing. Now the new initiative taken by the GVT to make a group of vegetables farmers which produce the vegetables and GVT will help them in Marketing. For this organization will provide them all inputs and technology as well as other requirements.Wadi plots are maintained by farmers carefully though some Wadi plots which are in first year need to fencing properly for the safety purpose from animals. Regular and proper guidelines are required much in initial stage as probability of mortality rate are higher in starting years.

CHAPTER 8 [ANNEXURE]
1. Monitoring diary and cover pages of Wadi 2. Monitoring diary and cover pages of Watershed.

50