PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU Two and a half hours PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU

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FINAL YEAR EXAM LOWER SIX 2011

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2

STRUCTURE AND ESSAY

JOHOR BAHRU DISTRICT

Instructions to candidates: DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Answer all the questions in Section A in the spaces provided. All working must be shown. For numerical answers unit must be quoted wherever they are appropriate. Answer four questions from Section B. For this section write your answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper. Arrange your answer sheets in numerical order. Tie your answer sheets to the booklet. Data Booklet can be used. For examiners use 1 2 3 4 5 6
1

7 8

Answer all questions in this section. 1. a) Sodium peroxide, Na2O2 is used in submarines for absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and regenerating oxygen. The reaction produces sodium carbonate as a by-product. i. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. [1] 2 Na2O2 + 2 CO2 2 Na2CO3 + O2 ii. Calculate the mass of sodium peroxide needed per day to absorb 600 dm3 of CO2 under room temperature and pressure. [3]

mol of CO2 = 600 / 24.4 = 24.6 mol since 2 mol of CO2 = 2 mol of Na2O2 ; mass of Na2O2 = mol x RMM @ = 24.6 mol x [2(23) + 2(16)] = 1920 g b) Complete the following graphs by drawing the appropriate line / curve as described ii) P P against 1/T for an ideal gas [3]

i) P against V for an ideal gas P

iii) PV against P for ammonia gas PV

V c)

1/T

Mass spectra is useful in organic industries to identify the possible molecular structure of the organic compound involved. Diagram 1 shows the molecular structure of a carbonyl compound.

H H C H

H C H

O C

H C H H

Diagram 1 2

Identify the possible peaks which are responsible at each value of m/e given. m/e Species responsible 28 CO+/C2H4+ 43 CH3CO+

[3] 57 CH3CH2CO+

a) The phase diagram of carbon dioxide is given below.

Temperature

i)

Dry ice is commonly used in concerts to form fog. Explain the formation of the fog. [3] heat is absorb during sublimation of dry ice - caused the surrounding temperature to decrease - moisture in the air condense into fine droplets

ii)

Carbon dioxide in fire extinguishers is in liquid form. Indicate on the above phase diagram the change in the physical state of carbon dioxide when the pressure of a fire extinguisher is reduced. [1]

b)

When 0.50 g of hydrogen atoms are heated sufficiently, radiation is emitted when an electron falls from a higher energy level to the first energy level according to the Rydbergs Equation, 4

/c = RH 2 - 2 ; RH = 1.097 x 107 m-1 n 1 n2 i) Determine the frequency of the first line in the Lyman series b.i. f = 8.228 x 106 (3.00 x 108) = 2.47 x 1015 s-1 ii) Calculate the total amount of energy emitted. E = h @ (6.63 x 10-34) x (2.47 x 1015) = 1.64 x 10-18 J For (0.50 x NA) or 3.01 x 1023 electrons E = (1.64 x 10-18) x (3.01 x 1023) = 494 kJ c) Draw the shape of all orbitals of an oxygen atom with quantum number n=2. [2] [2] [2]

3. a) Draw the Lewis structure and give the shape for (i) NO3- and (ii) N2H4 (i) NO3(ii) N2H4

Shape :

Shape : [4]

b) Fluorohydrocarbon (CHF) is well known as a substitute for Freon as it will not deplete the ozone layer. Given the composition by mass of a CHF molecule as 37.5% of C; 3.10% H and 59.4% of F and a relative molecular mass of 64, i). Calculate the empirical formula and hence the molecular formula for fluorohydrocarbon. [3]

Experiments were carried out with two fluorohydrocarbon (CHF ) liquids , S and T, which have an empirical formula as in b(i). Each of the liquid was allowed to flow from a burette and a charged ebonite rod was brought near the flow. The results were as follows: Liquid S T Effect of charged ebonite rod on the flow of liquid from the burette No effect Liquid is deflected towards charged rod 6

(ii)

Which of the liquid is polar ? .... [1]

(iii)

Draw a possible structural formula for S and T.

[2]

4. (a) Aluminium and sodium are metals in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Both elements solid compounds. (i) State, in terms of bonding, why aluminium conducts electricity better than sodium.

conduct

electricity and react with chlorine gas to form white

[1] (ii) Explain, in terms of bonding, why solid aluminium chloride sublimes at a relatively low . . [2] 7 temperature.

(iii) Draw the structure of aluminium chloride in the gaseous phase.

[1]

(b) i). Explain the factors that effect the reactivityof Group 2 elements in the Periodic Table. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ [2] ii). Write a balanced equation for the reaction of the hydrated beryllium ion , [Be(H2O)4]2+, in water. ......................................................................................................................................... [1] iii). What is the property exhibited by the hydrated beryllium ion in the above reaction? ........................................................................................................................................... [1] iv) Explain briefly why beryllium forms covalent compounds . ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

Section B [ 60 marks ] Answer any four questions in this section. 5. a) A particle can be deflected in an electrical or electromagnet field, according to its natural characteristics. i. Sketch the deflection of the following particles in an electrical field. [4]

Electron (e-) ; deuterium ion (21D+) ; neutron (10n)

ii. Discuss and compare the deflection angle of deuterium ion and helium ion, 42He2+ [2] b) The energy distributions of neon gas can be explained by using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution graph, as shown in the diagram below.

Number of Ne atom

Energy / E Sketch and explain the changes that occur with the distribution graph if the temperature of neon gas increases by 2 times of its original temperature. [5]

c) When a gas is collected over water, it is saturated with water vapour. A sample of hydrogen (45.5 cm3) was collected over water at 25 C and 100 kPa. The vapour pressure of water at 25 C is 3.17 kPa. What is the amount (in mol) of hydrogen collected in this experiment? [4]

6 a) Water and ethanol are two solvents normally used in the laboratory. A graph of vapour pressure against temperature for water and ethanol is shown below.

i.

Define the term vapour pressure

[2]

ii. Using kinetic theory, explain the change in vapour pressure with the change in the temperature of water [4] iii. Explain the difference between the vapour pressure of water and that of ethanol at 60oC. [2]

b) An element X is in Group 9 and Period 4 in the Periodic Table. i Discuss the application of the Aufbaus principle in the construction of the electronic configuration of X. [3 ]

ii Name one element which has almost the same radius as X. Give three reasons for your answer. [4] 10

7 a) Arrange the following substances in order of increasing boiling points : Silicon dioxide (SiO2 ), neon (Ne), hydrogen fluoride (HF), chlorine (Cl2 ), rubidium fluoride (RbF) and propanone ( CH3COCH3 ). By reference to the type of structure and the various forces responsible for keeping the particles together in elements and compounds, explain the order of the boiling point. [10] (b) Sodium is an electrical conductor,silicon is a semiconductor whereas sulphur is an conduction band theory. insulator. Explain these properties in terms of valence and [5]

8 a)

The diagram shows the crystal structure of copper.

11

Name the lattice structure shown above. From the following data given,calculate Avogadros constant:Length of a unit cell Density of copper = 3.62 x 10-8 cm = 8.92 g cm-3 (1nm = 10 m-9 ) [6]

Relative atomic mass of copper = 63.5

b) Explain each of the following observation i Ethanol, C2H5OH and Propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH are both miscible with water but ethyl propanoate, CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 is only slightly miscible with water. [3] ii Sodium hydride is a solid which reacts with water to give hydrogen and a strongly strongly acidic solution in water. alkaline solution, but hydrogen chloride is a gas which gives a [4]

iii Electric cable used in fire alarm system has copper wires surrounded by magnesium oxide when acts as an insulator. Explain why magnesium oxide can be used as an insulator. [2] 12

9 a) Potassium and copper have one electron each in their 4s orbital. i Define the first ionisation energy of an element. [2] [5] b) Describe how the reactions of period 3 elements behave with water and give an equation for any reaction that occurs. [8] 10. a) i) An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added slowly until in excess to an aqueous solution of aluminium chloride in a test tube. Explain your observation with the help of chemical equations [4] ii) Aluminium is a reactive metal and yet it is used widely in the industries. For example,aluminium is used in window panes, rack frames , camping products and cooking utensils. Explain how aluminium as a reactive metal can resist corrosion.Use equations to show how it can be done. [4] b) The repeating unit of a type of silicate is Si4O116. [1] [2] [4] ii Explain why the first ionisation energy of potassium is much lower than that of copper.

i) Draw the structure of this repeating unit. ii) Name a substance which has this structure and state its use. iii) Discuss the amphoteric properties of lead (II) oxide and lead (IV) oxide

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