Higher Education in India at a glance

Statewise Higher Education Institutions

q 11 5 328 Himachal Pradesh Chandigarh q 18 17 q 3 q5 852 5 344 Uttrakhand 5Punjab 25 q 19 Haryana 5 360 q 22 5 902 Delhi Rajasthan q 48 Uttar Pradesh q 58 5 2412 3859 5

Jammu & Kashmir

Delhi Sikkim q q 25 5 55 243 15

Arunachal Pradesh
q 3 H 16

Daman & Diu 5 4 D & N Haveli 5 1

Maharashtra q 44 4631 5

Andhra Pradesh q 46 Goa 4066 5 qq 2 42 5 3078 54 5 Karnataka 4 q q 86 59 5 2267 5 Puducherry Tamil q 19 Nadu Lakshadweep 1063 5 5 Kerala 3

Ch

ha tis

ga r

Gujarat q 36 5 1836

Madhya Pradesh 28 q 5 2236

Assam q 10 q 4 Bihar H 507H 55 Nagaland 21 q q 9 3 Manipur q 5 653 5 64 Meghalaya H 76 Jharkhand q q 3 26 Mizoram 12 q H 39 q 5 3 q 231 15 5 942 West Tripura H 28 5 641 Bengal 19 q 5 1100 Odisha

A & N Island 5 6

Total Number of Degree awarding Institutions = 634

Number of Colleges = 33,023

Number of Degree awarding Institutions Number of Colleges

February, 2012 UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110 002 (INDIA) Website : www.ugc.ac.in

EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE IN INDIA

24

HIGHER EDUCATION

XVII XVI XV XIV XIII XII XI X IX VIII VII VI V IV III II I

B.E./B.TECH.

M.B.B.S.

21 20 19 18

OPEN UNIVERSITY

22

B.Ed. M.Ed.

P.G. Univ.

23

M.Tech.

M.D/MS. PRI. TEACHER TRNG

Ph. D. M. Phil.

ITIs & POLYTECHNICS

TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, ITIs

UNDER GRADUATE COURSES

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

SEC. EDN.

17

SR. SECONDARY SCHOOL/ Acad/Voc. SECONDARY SCHOOL

OPEN SCHOOL NON-FORMAL CENTRES

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

PRIMARY SCHOOL

PRE - PRIMARY

Stds.

Growth of Higher Education : Universities/Colleges/Students enrolment/Teaching Staff : 1950-51 2010-11*

180 160 140 120 Number 100 80 60 40 20 0 Universities (in Tens) * Provisional 3 0.24 8.17 (18.8) 56.4 33.02 (34.69) 169.76 (42.76) (47.52) 50 45 40 35 Fold Increase 30 25 20 15 10 5 0.7 Colleges (in Thousand) 1950-51 0

Age

3.97
Enrolment (in Lakhs) 2010-11

Teaching Staff (in Lakhs)

Fold-Increase

Type-wise Distribution of Degree awarding Universities / University Level Institutions : December, 2011
Institutes of National Importance & Other University Level Institutions 65 (10%) Central Universities 43 (7%)

Deemed Universities 129 (20%)

Private Universities 100 (16%)

State Universities 297 (47%)

NON-FORMAL CENTRES

COMPULSORY EDUCATION

UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL

OPEN SCHOOL

No. of Colleges

Number of Colleges

Number 10 20 30 40 60 0

50 46

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

500

* Provisional

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

5000

16

4066

10 21

30

15

State-wise Number of Universities / University Level Institutions in the Country (as on December, 2011)

3 4

No. of Universities

Source : MHRD / UGC

54

507 653 641

25

55

902

1836

36 22

Growth of Higher Education Institutions

GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION

State-wise Number of Colleges 2010-11*

695 0 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 Dec.,2011 Years No. of Universities No. of Colleges

1542

18

103

344 328 231

3604

1112

1063

3078

42

133

2236

19

States / UT's

4722

4631

28 44

190

States / UT's

76 64 28 55

7346

256

1100 852

3 4

15

2412

19

12806

33023

39

2267

17 48

360

3859

564

59

942

634

58

19 26

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal A & N Islands Chandigarh Lakshdweep Daman & Diu Delhi D &N haveli Puducherry

6 25 3 4 243 1 86

Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Chandigarh Puducherry

GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Growth of Students Enrolment (000) in Higher Education
18000 16000 14000 Enrolment (in '000') 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 43 397 1950-51 1050 170 1960-61 1954 431 1970-71 2752 749 1980-81 Year 1437 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11* 4925 3306 8399 7049 16975

Total Student Enrolment ('000')

Girls Enrolment ('000)

*Provisional Source : MHRD for 1950-51 & 1960-61 and UGC for 1970-71 onwards Coverage : Figures of students enrolment & teaching staff (1970-71 onwards) pertain to regular courses in Universities & Colleges (excluding Polytechnics, other Diploma awarding Institutions & Non-formal System of Higher Education)

Growth of Teaching Staff in Universities and Colleges

900000 816966 800000 700000 No. of Universities 600000 500000 411628 400000 300000 200000 100000 23549 0 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11* Year Fold increase Teaching staff in Universities & Colleges * Provisional Source : MHRD for 1950-51 & 1960-61 and UGC for 1970-71 onwards 193341 128876 59673 2.53 5.47 8.21 263125 11.17 17.48 15 10 5 0 20 34.69 35 Fold increase since 1950-51 30 25 40

Students Enrolment by stages in Higher Education 2010-11*

Research 137668 (1%) Diploma / Certificate 171618 (1%)

Post-Graduate 2049124 (12%)

* Provisional

Graduate 14616473 (86%)

GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Level-wise Students Enrolment (000) : Boys & Girls 2010-11*
10000 9000 8000 7000 Number ('000') 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1167 1000 0 Graduate 882 81 56 Research Level * Provisional Boys Girls 98 73 Diploma/ Certificate 6037 8580

Post-Graduate

Faculty-wise Students Enrolment in Higher Education 2010-11*

Veterinary Science Law 27423 (0.16%) 327146 (1.93%) Others 232691 (1.37%) Arts 6177730 (36.39%)

Agriculture 93166 (0.55%) Medicine 652533 (3.85%)

Engineering/ Technology 2862439 (16.86%) Education 569961 (3.36%) Commerce/Management 2904752 (17.11%) * Provisional

Science 3127042 (18.42%)

Faculty-wise Students Enrolment (000) : Boys & Girls 2010-11*

3500 3000 Number ('000') 2500 1778 2000 1500 1000 246 324 500 0 1768 3273 2905

1349

1137

2062 801 322 330

243 84

68 25

Sc ien ce Co Ma mm na er ge ce me / nt Ed uc ati on En gg ./T ec h. Me dic ine

ult ure Ve ter Sc inary ien ce

Ar ts

20 7

Faculty

* Provisional

Boys

Girls

Ag ric

Ot

he rs

La

145 87

GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION

State-wise Students Enrolment 2010-11*
3000000 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0 1955226 2564886 1847479 16068 268451 690776 304381 278770 26783 893648 452565 133564 184394 274450 1001473 404121 928939 1482277 510418 469870 789479 294485 Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal A & N Island Chandigarh D & N Haveli Daman & DIu Lakshdweep Puducherry States / UT's * Provisional Total Students Enrolment Agriculture 573 (5%) Engineering/ Technology 1007 (9%) Medicine 337 (3%) Veterinary Science Law 150 (1%) 123 (1%) Others 503 (5%) Arts 3490 (31%) Science 3742 (34%) 3158 64510 2120 860 410 35122 33755 41633 12303 20026 11608 32800 944075

Faculty-wise Doctorate Degrees (Ph.D.) awarded during 2009-10*

Education 469 (4%)

Commerce & Management 767 (7%)

* Provisional (Data pertains to 305 Universities / University level Institutions, out of 534)

Arts includes Humanities, Social Sciences, Languages etc. Science includes Basic Science, Home-Science, Computer Science and Computer Application. Medicine includes Ayurveda, Dentistry, Homeopathy, Nursing, Pharmacy, Public Health/Social Preventive Medicine, Unani, Tibbia, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Siddha Medicine etc. Others includes Library and Information Science, Fine Arts, Journalism & Mass Communication, Physical Education, Social Work, etc.

EXPENDITURE IN EDUCATION
Educational Expenditure as % of Public Expenditure & GDP
16 14.42 14 13.37 12 11.99 Percentage 10 8 7.92 6 4.28 4 2 0
19 51

13.63

10.67 10.16

2.98 0.64
-52 19 60

3.84

3.77

1.48
-61

2.11
-71 70 19 -81 -91 -01 20 -09 (P)

19

80

19

90

20

00

08

Year Educational Expendture as % of Public Expenditure (P) : Provisional estimates Source : Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education, MHRD As % of GDP

Expenditure on Higher Education in India (As % of GDP)

4.5 4 Expenditure (as % of GDP) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Expenditure on Education (as % of GDP) Source : Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education, MHRD Higher Education as % GDP 1.14 1.09 1.23 1.25 3.64 3.77 3.4 3.85

Public Expenditure on Education - Sector-wise (Estimated) : 2009-10

Higher & Technical Education 32.3%

Adult Education 0.3% Elementary Education 41.8%

Secondary Education 25.6% Source : Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education, MHRD

UGC Interventions towards quality enhancement in higher education

Schemes exclusively meant for Universities 1. General development Assistance to Central, State and Deemed universities (Includes 16 merged schemes) 2. One time Catch up grants to Non-12B State Universities funded by State Governments 3. Operation 'Faculty Recharge': initiative for Augmenting the Research and Teaching Resources of Universities 4. Enhancing Faculty resources of Universities - ENCORE 5. Establishment of Rajiv Gandhi chairs in Universities 6. Academic Staff Colleges 7. Special Assistance Programme 8. Centres with Potential for Excellence in Particular Areas (Envisaged to identify 25 Universities during XI Plan) 9. Area Study Centers in Universities 10. Universities with Potential for Excellence 11. Establishing/Up gradation of Computer Centers 12. UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme 13. UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium 14. Promotion of Yoga Education and Practice of Positive Health in Universities 15. Incentives for Resource Mobilization 16. Development Assistance for Up gradation of Existing and New Management Departments in Universities Schemes meant exclusively for Colleges 17. Development Grant to Colleges (includes 14 merged schemes) 18. One-time Catch-up Grant to Uncovered (Non-12B) Colleges 19. Development Assistance to Colleges for the Construction of Buildings 20. Construction of Women's Hostel for Colleges 21. Establishment of New Model Degree Colleges in Educationally Backward Districts with Low (GER) 22. Faculty Development Programme for Colleges 23. Organizing Conferences/Workshops/Seminars in Colleges 24. Autonomous Colleges 25. Colleges with Potential for Excellence 26. Instrumentation Maintenance Facility (IMF) in Colleges 27. UGC-Network Resource Center (UGC-NRC) in Colleges 28. Jubilee, Centenary Grants to Colleges Schemes meant for both Universities and Colleges 29. Providing additional assistance to Universities and 5,500 Colleges already covered under Section 12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956 30. Development of Women's Studies in Indian Universities and Colleges 31. Capacity Building for Women Managers in Higher Education 32. Establishment of Special Cells for SCs & STs in Universities/ Deemed to be Universities and Grant-in aid Institutions & IUCs receiving Central Assistance 33. Innovative Programmes 34. Setting Up of Media Centers/ Affiliated Media Centers 35. Career Oriented Courses in Universities and Colleges 36. Establishment and monitoring of the Internal Quality Assurance Cells (IQACs) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) 37. E-Content Development 38. Strengthening Social Science and Humanities Teaching and Research capacity 39. Research Fellowship in Humanities & Social Sciences Students 40. Development of Sports Infrastructure and Equipment in Universities and Colleges

41. Guidelines for Universities, Research Institutes and Colleges for Procurement, Storage, Usage and Disposal of Radioactive and other Hazardous materials/Chemicals 42. Epoch Making Social Thinkers of India 43. Human Rights and Values in Education 44. Lifelong Learning and Extension

Schemes meant for professional development of Faculty of Universities & Colleges and for recognition of Academics of eminence
45. Modified Guidelines for Post Graduate Merit Scholarship Scheme for University Rank Holders at Undergraduate Level 46. Research Fellowship in Science for Meritorious Students 47. Junior Research fellowship (JRF) in Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences 48. Junior Research fellowship in Engineering and Technology 49. Junior Research fellowship (JRF) and Research Associateship (RA) for Foreign Nationals 50. Fellowship to M.Phil/Ph.D Scholars in Central Universities 51. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Post Doctoral Fellowship (PDF) in Humanities and Sciences (including languages ) 52. Dr. D.S. Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellowships in Sciences, Medical Sciences & Engineering Sciences 53. Post Doctoral Fellowship to Women Candidates 54. Post Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship Scheme for Single Girl Child 55. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for SC/ST Candidates 56. Emeritus Fellowship 57. Special Honorarium to teachers who are Fellows of at least two of the four Science Academies identified by UGC 58. Research Awards 59. Major Research Project 60. Minor Research Project 61. Incentivisation of Teachers, Subject/Discipline based Association for Organization of various Academic and Research Activities 62. Travel Grant Scheme for College Teachers/College Librarians/Vice Chancellors/Commission Members and UGC Officers 63. Appointment/ Honorarium of Guest/Part-Time Teachers Details about Schemes are available on UGC website : www.ugc.ac.in

Regulatory Bodies
1. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) (1987) 2. Bar Council of India (BCI) (1961) 3. Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH) (1973) 4. Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) (1970) 5. Council of Architecture (CoA) (1972) 6. Dental Council of India (DCI) (1948) 7. Distance Education Council (DEC) (1985) 8. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) 9. Indian Nursing Council (INC) (1947) 10. Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) (1959) 11. Medical Council of India (MCI) (1956) 12. National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) (1993) 13. Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) (1948) 14. Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) (1992) 15. State Councils of Higher Education (SCHE) 16. University Grants Commission (UGC) (1956) 17. Veterinary Council of India (VCI) (1984) Source : Respective Websites

UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

The University Grants Commission which came into existence on 28.12.1953 became a statutory body of Government of India by an Act of Parliament in 1956. The Section 12 of the UGC Act provides that the Commission shall in consultation with the concerned universities, take all such steps as it may think fit for the promotion and coordination of university education and for the maintenance of standards in teaching, examination and research. For teaching and research, extension was added as the third dimension of education by the Commission. The UGC serves as a vital link between the Union and State Governments and the institutions of higher learning. In addition to its role of giving grants to universities and colleges, the University Grants Commission also advises Central and State Governments on the measures necessary for the improvement of university education. It also frames regulations such as those on the minimum standards of instruction and qualifications of teachers on the advice of subject specialists and academicians with whom it frequently interacts in connection with the formulation, evaluation and monitoring of programmes.

UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110 002 Website : www.ugc.ac.in