SMOKING ISSUE OF YOUTH

SMOKING

Submitted by: AHSAN RAZA NAQVI (041) ZIA UR REHMAN (029)

Submitted to: SIR MASOOD UR REHMAN

Subject: SOCIOLOGY

INTRODUCTION:
Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or ciggrates, sheesha, cigaar is burned and the smoke tasted or inhaled. It is the start of all kind of drugs like nicotine and slowly slowly person effect from lot of diseases specialy lung diseases. It can also be done as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment. The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes,

primarily industrially manufactured but also hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper. Other smoking tools include pipes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, vaporizers and bongs. Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use. Tobacco smoking is today the most popular form of smoking and is practiced by over one billion people in the majority of all human societies. Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and opium. Some of the substances are classified as hard narcotics, like heroin, but the use of these is very limited as they are often not commercially available. The history of smoking can be dated to as early as 5000 BC, and has been recorded in many different cultures across the world. Early smoking evolved in association with religious ceremonies; as offerings to deities, in cleansing rituals or to allow shamans and priests to alter their minds for purposes of divination or spiritual enlightenment. Hokkah or shisha smoking has become very popular in Pakistan. Many resturants and cafes are offering shisha in Karachi, Islamabad, Lahore and other cities of the country. This flavoured pipe smoking is gaining popularity especially among the younger generation. Students can be seen smoking shisha in the famous resturants or in the small roadside cafes. As girls stood side by side with the boys, they also enjoy shisha smoking in gatherings. Here we can see girls smoking shisha and having fun. Hookah is worse than smoking cigarettes. (Hookah, Shisha or Sheesha, and Narghile are all used to describe the same thing in different parts of the world. In the United States and Canada they use the word "hookah". In Pakistan they use "hooka" to describe the tobacco smoking water pipe. In Germany, France, and other Arab countries they use "Shisha". The hookah consists of three parts. A hollow glass (sometimes clay or brass) base filed with water, a vertical pipe topped with a clay bowl for the tobacco and coals and an attached hose to inhale through.)

CAUSES :
Tobacco, being a major enemy of public health, no recent laws have so far been formulated to control smoking in young adults. We need a wider comprehensive ban on any tobacco advertisement and sale promotion. Supreme and measures have to be adopted for controlling smuggling across the borders. In view of this global challenge, we need a global strategy to check the biggest longest problem faced by mankind in Pakistan. Today the tobacco advertisement is banned on electronic and print media and smoking is not prohibited in the public govt. buildings. Billboards are being allowed to display cigarettes and advertisement are mainly targeting our youth. and not and the

Tobacco use primarily begins in early adolescence, reportedly before the time of high school graduation. Factors that commonly play a role in initiation of smoking among adolescents include social factors, smoking among family members, peers, teachers, psychological relaxation, pleasure, and economic factors. Prevalence of smoking among male students in public and private schools perhaps because of improved information dissemination and greater stress on health education in private schools compared with public schools. Adolescents reported their reason for smoking as enjoyment and influenced by advertisements to begin smoking. The majority of students smoking with their friends. Students in public schools were more likely to be smokers compared with those in private schools. Adolescents were more likely to be smokers if their peers were smokers. Boys who spent most of their leisure time outside their homes were more prone to smoke cigarettes. During adolescence, tobacco use by peers may create a positive image of smoking and create easy access to cigarettes, especially in developing countries where there are no restrictive laws on the sale of cigarette to minors. It also effect women pregnancy and related diseases in girls and women, teenagers use to smoke at early age causes so many tentions in their future profesional lives, problems of asthema, stamina problems, sexual disorder and many more problems create in their future lives. One of the big cause is smoking in the public areas and looking different celeberaties sportsmen, film stars and legend create interests in childs, teen boys and girls too. Then it will become the fasion of society if any celeberity or famous person smoke now a days its fasion in young blood enjoy the Sheesha and choclate flavoured Ciggrates and Cigars.

Literature review The influence of smoking advertising on young people continues to be the subject of much debate its effect the youth and teach the young people to smoke. (Susan Anderson 2005) The smoking family member is a direct source of stress to the family through his smoking. Family members who smoke that also affect the child and give bad imprison on child. (Jackson, 1956) Tobacco industry market research attempts to identify the psychological need of different groups of women, and cigarette advertising campaigns for brands that women smoke explicitly aimed to position cigarettes as capable of satisfying these needs. As womens need change with age, or with time, advertisement was developing to reflect the needs encountered in the different stages of womens lives. (S J Anderson tobacco control 2005) Cigarettes brands for younger women stressed females give self confidence, freedom, and independence or give relaxation, pleasure, and escape from daily stress. (P M Ling 2005) Peer influences also very important in this case because of peer and group also affect the youth mind set and behavior. (Ryo Nakajima 2007) Theoretical framework Smoking: Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cigarettes, sheesha, cigar is burned and the smoke tasted or inhaled. It is the start of all kind of drugs like nicotine and slowly person effect from lot of diseases specially lung diseases. It can also be done as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment. The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes, primarily industrially manufactured but also hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper. Other smoking tools include pipes, cigars, bides, hookahs, vaporizers and bongs. People smoke because some important reasons and causes are as follows.

Family Influence:

Influence: The action or process of producing effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, etc. Of another or others called influence. Family plays a vital role in the life of every child. Because for Childs parents are the role model so they look at their parents and adopted some time quickly, some time slowly, and some time not, here society play a major role or society institutions i.e. schools. Colleges. And also friends and other family members or family friends. Almost half (47.8%) of U.S. adolescents try smoking by the time they are in 9th grade. Most (90%) adult smokers began smoking at or before they were 18 years old. In addition to not smoking themselves, there are a number of ways parents can make a difference. Setting rules about movie viewing, communicating with your child, and being aware of how your behavior might influence your children at an early age are all ways that parents can reduce their children's chances of smoking. Children are at lower risk of smoking and drinking if their parents monitor and set limits on their movie viewing. The smoking family member is a direct source of stress to the family through his smoking. Family members who smoke that also affect the child and give bad imprison on child. (Jackson, 1956)

Advertisement:
Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners. Sometimes a specific group of people to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoor advertisement or direct mail or new media such as blogs and websites and text messages.

The influence of smoking advertising on young people continues to be the subject of much debate its effect the youth and teach the young people to smoke. (Susan Anderson 2005) Peer Pressure: Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group, encouraging individuals to change their attitude, values, or behaviors in order to confirm to group norms . Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are "formally" members (such as, political partys and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to these groups. They may also recognize dissociative groups with which they would not wish to associate, and thus they behave adversely concerning that group's behaviors. Peer pressure is most commonly associated with youth, in part because most youth spend large amounts of time in schools and other fixed groups that they do not choose and are seen as lacking the maturity to handle pressure from friends. Also, young people are more willing to behave negatively towards those who are not members of their own peer groups. Peer influences also very important in this case because of peer and group also affect the youth mind set and behavior. (Ryo Nakajima 2007)

Depression: Depression (mood) a state of low mood and aversion to activity or a class of mental illnesses featuring depressed mood. One of the mood disorders commonly referred to as simply depression. Also a reduction in a biological variable or the function of an organ called depression. Tobacco industry market research attempts to identify the psychological need of different groups of women, and cigarette advertising campaigns for brands that women smoke explicitly aimed to position cigarettes as capable of satisfying these needs. As womens need change with age, or with time, advertisement was developing to reflect the needs encountered in the different stages of womens lives. (S J Anderson tobacco control 2005)

Family influence

Peer Pressure Smoking Advertisement

Depression

Our dependent variable is smoking and independent variables are advertisement, peer pressure, and depression. And we develop the hypotheses to check the relationship among these variables. Hypotheses H1: Family Influence has a relationship with increase in smoking. H2: Peer pressure has a relationship with increase in smoking. H3: Advertisement also a cause of increase in smoking. H4: Depression also influences the people to smoke. Methodology Data collection The data was collected among the 50 students of COMSATS WAH CANTT. These students were both male and females from 18 to 27 years of age all of them have different purposes and reasons of smoking .These students relate with different cultures and socio economic group.25 respondents were females and 25 males and likert scale is used (agree, disagree, neutral) and questionnaire was prepared to determine the interest, aim and reasons of smoking.

QUESTIONNAIRE 1) Do you smoke? 2) Any one smoke in your family (i.e.) father, and uncle etc? 3) Do you impress from your family member then you smoke? 4) Do you smoke in front of your family members? 5) Do you think peer pressure effect the youth and then people start smoke? 6) Do you feel freedom when you smoke with your friends? 7) Do you think when you are with your friends is more fun if every one smoke? 8) Do you think advertisement also make the mind of youth to smoke? 9) Do you think an advertisement tells the youth smoke just for chill or enjoyment? 10) Do you think advertisement helps to increase smoking ratio in youth? 11) Do you think people smoke when they are depressed? 12) Do you think people smoke to release the tension and take relaxation?

Results Variable#1: Family Influence Question Any one smoke in your family (i.e.) father, and uncle etc? Agree 63% Disagree 32% Neutral 05%

Do you impress from 48% your family member then you smoke?

37%

15%

Do you smoke in front of your family members?

23%

55%

22%

Variable#2: peer pressure

Question Do you think peer pressure effect the youth and then people start smoke?

Agree 63%

Disagree 27%

Neutral 10%

Do you feel freedom 57% when you smoke

18%

25%

with your friends? Do you think when you are with your friends is more fun if every one smoke? 58% 23% 19%

Variable#3: Advertisement Question Do you think advertisement also make the mind of youth to smoke? Agree 53% Disagree 21% Neutral 26%

Do you think an 44% advertisement tells

23%

67%

the youth smoke just for chill or

enjoyment? Do you think advertisement helps to increase smoking ratio in youth? 59% 36% 05%

Variable#4: Depression Question Do you think People smoke when they are depressed? Agree 83% Disagree 11% Neutral 06%

Do you think people 79% smoke to release the tension and take

16%

05%

relaxation?

CONCLUSION/RESULTS:
Result analysis shows that the 48% youth impress or influence with your family members so that our hypothesis 1st is accepted because only 37% people disagreed with it and 15% were neutral. Our hypothesis 2nd is also accepted because 63% people agree that peer pressure effect the youth than people start smoking and 27% disagree with this and 10% were neutral while 53% people agree that advertisement effect and influence the youth to smoke due to which hypothesis 3rd is also accepted because 21% disagreed to it and 26% were neutral. And our last 4th hypothesis also highly accepted because 83% people agree with this, people smoke when they depressed and 11% disagree and 06% neutral.

SUGGESTIONS:
An effective tax policy in Pakistan should include significant and regular increase in the tax on tobacco. In Pakistan there is a dire need of mobilizing communities, religous groups, media and youth organisation and scientific communities in the fight against tobacco products through a multi-dimension approach. Health professional and other anti-tobacco lobbies can play key-role in the developement comprehensive national tobacco control programmes. Doctors can be power advocates, which is not being practiced in Pakistan. Nicotine replacement therapy which is not available in Pakistan in any form. There are no health education programmes in Pakistan which should be aimed at target groups, such as school children, young adults and women. We need community based low budget health programmes especially where 2/3 of our population does not read and write. N.G.O.s can play a vital role in influencing the social change necessarry to reduce high role of tobacco. Effective tobacco controls requires a comprehensive tobacco policy backed by well-monitored and strictly enforced national legeslation in Pakistan. My findings suggest that ethnically sensitive smoking control programmes that include measures for improving literacy rates are needed in Pakistan.

 The government withdrew the Statutory Rules and Orders (SRO) on designated smoking areas, totally banning smoking in any place of public work to protect the health of nonsmokers. A notification has been issued in regards to rescinding the concerned SRO in an exercise of power conferred by section five of the prohibition of smoking and protection of nonsmokers health ordinance, 2002. After the withdrawal of SRO, the public will not be allowed to smoke or use tobacco in any form in any place of public work or use. The government has already declared some places of public work tobacco free, including hospitals, dispensaries, other health care establishments, educational institutions, offices, conference rooms, all domestic flights, restaurants, buses, wagons, trains, indoor stadiums, gymnasiums, lounges of airports, waiting rooms at railway stations and waiting rooms at bus stations. Educating the public on tobacco and its hazards is the first step for tobacco control in any country but unfortunately marketing and advertising budget of tobacco companies in Pakistan is far greater than the total budget on health promotion by the Government of Pakistan. Most countries have completely banned tobacco advertising in order to discourage the youth from taking up smoking. People trying to quit should use medications in conjunction with as much counseling as possible. We should also banned these all activities. Pakistan has a national ban on smoking in public transportation and healthcare and educational facilities. However the law does not include restaurants and government facilities. Pakistan does not have a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising and promotion. Tobacco products are cheap and tobacco taxes in Pakistan are below the rate recommended by the World Bank (from 65 percent to 80 percent of retail price) that is commonly present in countries with effective tobacco control policies. Electronic Cigarettes are the only sure way to Quit Smoking! We should create a world that allows the children to choose not to smoke.

 There are several medications that you can take to help you stop smoking. One way is through nicotine replacement therapy. The anti-smoking pills can help you to stop smoking. Hypnosis is done by a hypnotherapist, who tries to increase your negative feelings toward cigarettes. Behavior therapy helps smokers to stop by learning new coping skills and breaking habits.