Objective:

To measure the absorbance of standard solution from high concentrated to more diluted concentration and to determine where the unknown lies between the standards.

Introduction: The Beers- Lambert Law is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration. Absorption (A) and concentration(c) has a direct linear relationship. Absorption is the amount of light that is being blocked. The more concentrated a solution is the higher the absorption level. For example in deionized water the absorption would be zero because all the light is passing through. The color white is the only pigment that reflects the spectrum because none of the color is being absorbed as compared to the color black. Absorption can be measured by using a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is and instrument used to measure the absorbance of a solution at a specific wave length.

Materials: Spectrophotometer, Erlenmeyer flask, Potassium Chromate, Buret, Cuvette. Procedure: Five cuvette tubes were obtained and labeled. Distilled water was placed into a tube. Then, All of the test tubes was filled with 5mL of the solution

Data/ Calculations: SOLUTION A B C D X CONCENTRATION (M) ABSORBANCE 20 X 10-5 10 X 10-5 5 X 10-5 2 X 10-5 1.05 .524 .425 .150 .304

Sources of Error: A source of an error can occur when labeling the cuvettes. The labels should be place towards the top of the tube. If not then the label can interfere with the light coming across when it is placed in the spectrophotometer. It is important that the system is blanked so that the absorbance reading is at zero. This is achieved by first placing the cuvette containing the distilled water into the spectrometer. Another source of error can occur during the preparation of the standards. A buret is to be used so precise amounts are added, if not then the standard curve would not be linear due to inaccuracy.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the absorbance of the distilled water when placed in the spectrophotometer was zero. Light passed through and no photons were absorbed. With the concentrated solution the absorbance amount increased. When the solution was distilled meaning made less concentrated the absorbance rate was lower than the more concentrated solution. The results of the experiment depicts that absorbance and concentration have direct linear relationship. On the standard curve graph it is shown that when concentration increases so does absorbance. In addition, the unknown fell between the values of the standards. When the solution is more concentrated less light passes through meaning the light (photons) are being absorbed; greater concentration means greater absorbance.