INFORMATION SHEET Name: _________________ Date: __________________ Element a substance whose atoms are all chemically the same,

, containing a definite number of protons. Atom smallest unit of an element consisting of positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons in a nucleus and negatively charged electrons arranged outside the nucleus. Always electrically neutral. Ion an atom or compound that has gained or lost one or more electrons. Always electrically charged, positive or negative. Monoatomic ion an ion made of atoms of one element. Polyatomic ion an ion made with atoms of two or more different elements. Compound groups of two or more different atoms held together by chemical bonds. Ionic compound the atoms are joined by ionic bonds. Molecular compound the atoms are joined by covalent bonds. Same as molecule. Electronegativity the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond. Ionic bond forms between two atoms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the other. Covalent bond forms when electrons between atoms are shared. Nonpolar covalent bond electrons between the two atoms are shared equally, 50%/50% Polar covalent bond electrons are shared unequally Single covalent bond two electrons shared. Double covalent bond four electrons shared. Triple covalent bond six electrons shared. Hydrogen bond weak bond between molecules. Chemical symbol the one or two letter abbreviation of an elements name. Nuclear symbol the chemical symbol with the atomic number and the mass number. Chemical formula Chemical symbol with subscript to indicate the number of atoms. Molelcular formula Chemical symbols with subscripts to indicate the number of atoms in a compound. Atomic mass (atomic weight) the weighted average of the isotopes of an atom and relative to C-12. Isotopes atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. Mass number - the sum of an atoms protons and neutrons. If mass number is not given, but the atomic weight is given, just round to the nearest whole number. Atomic number the number of protons in an atoms nucleus. ATOMIC CALCULATIONS: # of protons = atomic number # of electrons = number of proton # of neutrons = mass number atomic number IONIC CALCULATIONS: The sum of the number of protons (positive sign) plus the number of electrons (negative sign) equals the charge on the ion. If there are more positive charges (protons) than negative charges (electrons), then the ion is positive. If there are more negative charges (electrons) than positive charges (protons), then the ion is negative. If the positive charges equal the negative charges, the substance is NOT an ion; it is an atom. COMPOUND CALCULATIONS: Molecular mass equals the sum of the atomic masses of the individual atoms that make up the molecule.