Factors in Personality Development a. b. c. d.

Inherited Predisposition Abilities Family and Home Environment Culture

Theories of Personality 1. TYPE THEORIES OR CONSTITUTIONAL TYPES A. Physique (Body Types) 1. William Sheldon a. Endomorphy- tends towards roundness, heaviness, and a preponderance of visceral development. b. Mesomorphy- tends towards stockiness and good muscular development. c. Ectomorphy- tends towards a long, stringy, skinny body. Three primary temperaments: a. Visceratonia b. Somatotonia c. Cerebrotonia 2. Ernest Kretschmer Four Types of Techniques and their related characteristics: a. Pyknic b. Asthenic c. Athletic d. Dysplastic B. Behavior 1. Carl Jung a. Attitudes type 1. Extrovert 2. Introvert b. Function types 1. Thinking 2. Feeling 3. Sensation 4. Intuition Eight Principal Classes of Personality 1. Extraverted thinking type- concerned with facts and their classification 2. Extraverted feeling type- wishes to be in harmony with the outside world and is able to achieve close sympathy with others. 3. Introverted-feeling type- concerned with internal harmony and tends to depreciate the influence of other factors. 4. Sensation- influenced by pure pleasure and pain.

5. Intuitive types- dominated by indirect judgments or hunches, either extrovert or introvert.

C. Physiology or Body Chemistry 1. Hippocrates (400 B.C.) and Galen (167 A.D.) 2. R. J. Williams (1956) Biochemical Individuality Each person has his own distinctive pattern of endocrine activity. Endocrine activity is kind of endocrine symphony. 3. Macey ,Bateman and Van Lhen (1952) Individuals may demonstrate quite specific patterns of physiological response; these patterns of physiological responses have been demonstrated to have some relations with personality measures. 2. TRAIT THEORIES A. Gordon W. Allport (1937-1961) Theory of Personal Dispositions Two Kinds of Traits: 1. Common Traits- traits comparable among people and are appraised by comparing one with another. 2. Personal Dispositions: - traits unique in a person a. Cardinal Disposition- characteristics so pervasive influence all aspects of behavior. b. Central Traits- a few traits that centrally describe their personalities. c. Secondary Traits- traits expressing relatively isolated interest or modes of responding. B. Raymund B. Cattell Theory of Surface and Source Traits or Factorial Theory of Personality 3. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES A. Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory Three division of Psychoanalytic Theory: 1. Theory of Personality Structure Three basic aspects of personality: a. Id- the repository of unconscious wishes primarily libidinal and aggressive. The urge to kill is an impulse of the Id. b. Ego- the mediator between the demands of the Id and the outer forces of reality. c. Superego- this maintain the standard of personality. It corresponds to ones conscience. 2. Theory of Personality Development The five psychosexual stages:

Oral ( the first 2 years of life) Anal (between 12-30 months) Phallic (between the third and sixth year of life) Latency (the period of repressed sexual activity between 6 and puberty ) e. Genital ( stage of normal adulthood) FIXATION- inability to pass next stage 3. Theory of Personality Dynamics B. E. H. Erickson and the Psychosexual Stages 4. LEARNING THEORIES A. Karen Horneys Anxiety Theory (1885-1952) B. Alfred Adlers Superiority and Compensation Theory

a. b. c. d.