HPAC ENGINEERING

WHATS UP WITH 90.1?

By Larry Spielvogel, PE
January 25, 2007

WEBCAST:

spielvogel@comcast.net

WHY IS IT GETTING ATTENTION?

90.1 VERSIONS VARY Standard of care for design Compliance option in IECC in most states Energy benchmark for green building programs Such as LEED and Green Globes Federal building compliance benchmark

Federal tax deductions

ONE BASIC PREMISE OF THE STANDARD

It requires a variety of means and measures to enable efficient building operation Especially controls and power limits

ONE CONSEQUENCE OF THE STANDARD

It provides and requires a variety of means to waste energy efficiently This is why so many green and LEED buildings have high energy use For example, see the September 2004 ASHRAE Journal article Lessons Learned High Performance Buildings

2007 EDITION ALMOST FINAL

Stringency compared with 2004 Published this summer Updated Users Manual Major changes from 90.1-2004
Compliance with 62.1-2004, not 62-1999 Revised lighting allowances Fan & boiler energy reductions Many mostly minor refinements

CURRENT MAJOR PROPOSALS

BUT NOT YET FINAL

Continuous air barrier Envelope stringency Fenestration stringency Fuel & energy pricing Economic assumptions

ADDENDA FREQUENCY
Now every 18 months Some combined Publication public reviews

PRESIDENTIAL REQUESTS
30% stringency increase
Relative to 90.1-2004

Performance standard Linked criteria Complete by 2010

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Comment on these requests Participate on subcommittees Comment on addenda Submit continuous maintenance proposals Request interpretations Sign up for free e-mails
http://www.ashrae.org/publications/detail/14934

90.1 OPTIONS IN IECC

Building envelope Mechanical systems Service water heating Lighting

CURRENT IECC PROPOSAL

FOR 2007 SUPPLEMENT
Mechanical systems option Service water heating option Lighting option Envelope not an option ASHRAE very concerned Attempts to reinstate

DOE DETERMINATION
Under 1992 EPACT DOE must determine if 90.1-2004 saves energy If so, states directed to implement codes at least as stringent in 2 years Determination imminent

FEDERAL EPACT 2005

New Federal buildings
30% lower energy consumption If cost effective beyond 90.1

Commercial building tax deductions

50% lower energy cost than 90.1 Up to $1.80 per sf tax deduction Special lighting interim rules Just extended to December 2008

ASHRAE SPC 189 Standard For The Design of HighPerformance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Purpose: the purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the design of highperformance, green buildings to: (A) Balance environmental responsibility, resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well being, and community sensitivity, and (B) Support the goal of the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

HPAC ENGINEERING
WHATS UP WITH 62.1?
By Mark S. Lentz, PE
January 25, 2007

WEBCAST

mlentz@lentzengineering.com

WHY IS IT GETTING ATTENTION?

Standard of care for design Liability exposure reduction Federal state and local government building compliance programs Prerequisite for green building programs such as LEED and Green Globes

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
Air quality requirements override energy conservation Requirements are for end results Two methodologies permitted, one must be used
Ventilation rate procedure Indoor air quality procedure Documentation is required

Clarifies requirements for VAV systems

CONSEQUENCES OF STANDARD 62.1

Requirements created a fundamental conflict with objectives of Standard 90.1 when applied with classical HVAC strategies
Meeting ventilation requirements increases energy use Achieving acceptable rates of ventilation can difficult or impossible under some circumstances. VAV systems using recirculated air require special controls and design care

Providing efficient building operation is possible but means the designer must address this conflict High performance systems of the future must be able to efficiently process and effectively manage ventilation throughout facilities Classical HVAC systems were never conceived, are not configured, and can not be controlled to accomplish this objective This is why the Tried and True but functionally obsolete approaches of the past have already become the Tried and Truly Awful solutions of the future

2007 EDITION ALMOST FINAL

Due for publication June 2007 Stringency compared with 2004/2001 Incorporate Addenda N changes which occurred prior to 62.1-2004
Changes to ventilation rate tables and computational methods Clearly defines computational requirements for VAV Systems Other minor refinements

PROPOSALS UNDER CONSIDERATION

Expanding areas requiring ozone control Including industrial occupancies ETS issue is still alive

ADDENDA FREQUENCY
Still about every 6 months Multiple addenda get published together Publication public reviews

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Be aware and keep up on Addenda Understand 62.1 implications for design Develop new system solutions Participate in the process
Comment on proposals out for public review Comment on addenda Submit continuous maintenance proposals Request interpretations/clarifications/changes

Sign up for free e-mails http://www.ashrae.org/publications/detail/14934

62.1 IN 2007 IMC

Adopting Addenda N tables and computation methods

WHATS NEW COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates based on area as well as occupancy Variable space occupancy determined from time weighted average VAV minimum terminal flows must be computed using exceptions to 90.1 reheat prohibition Individual zone (Zi) and critical zone (Zc) outside air fraction values computed from VAV MINIMUM, not maximum, flows System outdoor air fractions
Below Zc = 0.55 computed using Table 6-3 Above Zc = 0.55 reverts to Multiple Spaces Equation

WHATS NEW 62.1 IMPLICATIONS FOR VAV SYSTEM DESIGN

Ventilation, not cooling, becomes the dominant operating variable through most hours of operation, often including design conditions Overall system air delivery rates are no longer determined by cooling. Extra ventilation for ventilation dominated spaces must be accounted for in unit capacity When recirculation is used, measurement and dynamic reset of minimum outdoor air requirements must be accounted for in design and used to assure adequate outdoor air is delivered to each zone

KEYS TO RECOGNIZING NONCOMPLIANCE IN VAV SYSTEMS

The requirements of 62.1 and 90.1 are integrated. One can not meet the requirements of one without meeting the requirements of the other. The following items are usually indicators of non-compliance on single path VAV systems
Minimum OA ratios lower than 50% Lack of dynamic reset function for outdoor air Mixing and recirculation, or lack of heat recovery Consistent VAV box maximum/minimum flow ratios Consistent VAV reheat coil leaving air temperatures

RADON IN TWO SCHOOL ROOMS, DIFFERENT VENTILATION SYSTEMS

11/29/06 10:00 to 12/6 12:00
25 RADON, H. SCHOOL, 100% FRESH, NO RECIRC.

WI DIV. OF PUBLIC HEALTH

R adon in A ir (pC i/L)

20 RADON, MIDDLE S., UNIT VENTILATORS 15

10
W EEKEND

0
6 12 18 24
WED

6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 24 6 12 18
THURS FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED

TIME, HOUR OF DAY

QUESTIONS?