Collagen

AtifHassanKhirelsied
B.Sc.,M.Sc.,Ph.D.,Biochemistry.

FacultyofMedicine F lt f M di i InternationalUniversityofAfrica

Collagen Collagen
Collagenisthemajorinsolublefibrousproteininthe C ll i h j i l bl fib i i h e ace u a a extracellularmatrixandinconnectivetissue. a d co ec e ssue

Themostabundantproteininmammals,morethan 25%ofbodyproteins. 25% f b d t i

Hasgreattensile strength,inligaments andtendons.

Collagen Collagen
Isresponsibleforskinelasticity,anditsdegradation leadstowrinkles (aging). leads to wrinkles (aging)

Fillsoutthecornea (crystallineform).

Usedincosmetic surgery, e.g.,lipenhancement). Used in cosmetic surgery ( e g lip enhancement)

Collagen Collagen
Thereareatleast16typesofcollagen,90%percent ofthecollageninthebodyconsistsoftypesI,II, andIII Themostabundanttypesofcollagen h b d f ll

Typesofcollagen
Type RepresentativeTissues Fibrillar collagens collagens I Skin,tendon,bone,ligaments,dentin,interstitial tissues II Cartilage,vitreoushumor III Skin,muscle,bloodvessels V SimilartotypeI;alsocellcultures,fetaltissues Si il t t I l ll lt f t l ti Fibrilassociatedcollagens VI Mostinterstitialtissues IX Cartilage,vitreoushumor; g

Sheetformingcollagens IV Allbasallaminaes

Collagencomponents Collagen components

Insolubleglycoprotein ( (protein+carbohydrate) )

Protein highglycine andtwomodifiedaminoacids hydroxylysine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline (glyXY)n. (gly X Y) . Carbohydrate glucose,galactose glucose galactose

CollagenStructure
Collagenisafibrousprotein.

Isformedofthreechains(nothelices) woundinaropelike triplehelix.

Everychainconsistsofarepeatingtriplet (GlyXY).

Collagenstructure

CollagenStructure

Primary,secondary,andquaternarystructuresofcollagen.

CollagenStructure
Theglycine issmallenoughtofitintothecenterofthe gy g triplehelix.

Inadditiontotheglycine collagencontains(proline, In addition to the glycine collagen contains (proline hydroxyproline andhydroxylysine).

Theselateraminoacidsresultsfromposttranslational These later amino acids results from post translational modification.

CollagenStructure

Proline isfoundintheXpositionand4hydroxyproline intheYposition.

Thehydrogenbonding stabilizesthetriplehelix.

Interchain hydrogenbondingincollagen.

The amidehydrogenofaglycine residueinonechainis hydrogenbondedtothecarbonyloxygenofaresidue,often proline,inanadjacentchain.

Covalentcrosslinksincollagen. g
I. Anallysine residuecondenseswithalysine residuetoformanintermolecularSchiffbase crosslink.

II. (b)Twoallysine residuescondensetoforman intramolecular crosslink.

Covalentcrosslinksincollagen

Collagensynthesis

Orderandlocationofeventsincollagensynthesis g y

Typesofcollagen

TypeIcollagenisthemostcommonfibrillarcollagen (90%),andisfoundinbone,skin,tendons,vascular, (90%) and is found in bone skin tendons vascular ligature.

TypeIIcollagenprovidessimilartensilestrengthto yp g p g cartilage.

Typesofcollagen
CollagenTypeIII formsreticular fiberswithtypeI. Collagen Type III forms reticular fibers with type I

TypeIVandVIIcollagensarenetworkformingcollagens, theyformameshwork,particularlyinbasallamina. they form a meshwork particularly in basal lamina

Typesofcollagen
Othertypesofcollagendonotformfibers,e.g.,typeIX h f ll d f fb g ( yp ) g , collagen(andtypeXII)arefibrilassociatedcollagens, whichlinktypeI(ortypeII)collagenfibrilstogether.

Theyaremoreflexiblethanfibrillarcollagensbecause They are more flexible than fibrillar collagens because theGXYrepeats oftheirchainsareinterruptedmore frequentlybyotheraminoacids.

Collagen Diseases - Excess

1. Fibrosis. 2. Lung- pulmonary fibrosis. 3. Overproduction 3 O erprod ction of collagen I. I 4. Liver- over consumption of alcohol. 5. Arteries- atherosclerosis.

CollagenDiseases Insufficient
1. Scurvy 1 S 2. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ( y (rubber-man) ) 3. Osteogenesis imperfecta 4. Atopic dermatitis (AD)

Collagen Diseases I ffi i t C ll Di Insufficient Scurvy

1. VitaminCdeficiency. y 2. Reducedactivityofprolyl andlysyl hydroxylases. 3. Poorhydroxylationofprolineandlysine. 4. Toofewhydrogenbondsincollagen. 4 Too few hydrogen bonds in collagen 5. Skin,bone,teethweaknessandmalformation. 6. Bloodvesselsweakened,bleeding.

Scurvy s mptoms Sc r symptoms

1. Malaiseandlethargyandbonepain. 2. Skinchanges(roughness),easybruisingand petechiae. t hi 3. Gumdisease,looseningofteeth. , g 4. Poorwoundhealing,andemotionalchanges.

Scurvy

Swolleninflamedgumsinscurvy

CollagenDiseases Insufficient
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (rubber-man)

Characterizedby; 1. Skin and tendons easily stretched 2. loosejoints. 3. Elasticskin,""Indiarubberskin

CollagenDiseases Collagen Diseases Insufficient

Osteogenesis imperfecta g p
1. Brittlebonesyndrome 2. MutationinTypeIprocollagen 3. Failtoassembletriplehelix 3 F il t bl t i l h li 4. Degradeimperfectcollagen g p g 5. Leadstofragilebones

Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Also known as brittle bone disease, or "Lobstein syndrome. , y Is characterized by abnormal bone formation in babies babies.