Electronics I

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

Lecture 6
vi(t)

D1 D4

D2 D3

RL

vo(t)

Spring 2008

Instructor Dr. Abdur Razzak

IUB

Performance of
HW & FW Rectifiers
Dr. Abdur Razzak 1

Half-wave rectifier (sine wave)

In the positive half cycle, diode D1 is forward biased, so the output vo(t) = vi(t). In the negative half cycle, diode D1 is reverse biased, so the output vo(t) = 0. D1

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

vi(t)

RL

vo(t)

vi(t) = Vmsin t

vi(t)
Vm 0

vo(t)
Vm 0
IUB

Input

Output
Dr. Abdur Razzak

t
2

Full-wave bridge rectifier

In the positive half cycle, D1 and D3 are forward biased, D2 and D4 are reverse biased, so the output vo(t) = vi(t). In the negative half cycle, D2 and D4 are forward biased, D1 and D3 are reverse biased, so the output vo(t) = -vi(t).
D1 D4 D2 D3

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

v(t)

RL

vo(t)

vi(t)
Vm

vi(t) = Vmsin t t

vo(t)
Vm

Input

t Output
IUB Dr. Abdur Razzak 3

Efficiency of HW rectifier

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

The ratio of dc. power output to the applied input ac power is known as rectifier efficiency.

output dc power Rectifier efficiency, = input ac power

IUB Dr. Abdur Razzak 4

Efficiency of HW rectifier (contd..)

ECR 207_L6

Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

Efficiency of HW rectifier (contd..)

ECR 207_L6

Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

Example 1

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

An a.c. supply of 230 V is applied to a half-wave rectifier circuit through a transformer of turn ratio 10 : 1. Find (i) the output d.c. voltage and (ii) the peak inverse voltage. Assume the diode to be ideal.

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

Example 1 (contd..)
Solution

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

Example 2

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

A half-wave rectifier is used to supply 50V d.c. to a resistive load of 800 . The diode has a resistance of 25 . Calculate a.c. voltage required. Solution

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

Efficiency of FW rectifier
Rectifier efficiency,
=
output dc power input ac power

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

10

Efficiency of FW rectifier (contd..)

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

11

Example 3

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

A full-wave rectifier uses two diodes, the internal resistance of each diode may be assumed constant at 20 . The transformer r.m.s, secondary voltage from center tap to each end of secondary is 50 V and load resistance is 980 . Find (i) the mean load current (ii) the r.m.s. value of load current.

Solution

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

12

Example 4

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

In the centre-tap circuit shown in Fig. below, the diodes are assumed to be ideal i.e. having zero internal resistance. Find (i) d.c. output voltage (ii) peak inverse voltage (iii) rectification efficiency.

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

13

Example 4 (contd..)
Solution

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

14

Ripple

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

The output of a rectifier consists of a dc component and an ac component, which is known as ripple. The ratio of r.m.s. value of ac component to the dc component in the rectifier output is known as ripple factor.

vi(t)
Vm 0

vo(t)
Ripple 0 Ripple 0
IUB

Input

Output

Output
Dr. Abdur Razzak

t
15

Ripple factor calculation

Ripple factor = I ac I dc

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

16

Half-wave and full-wave ripple

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

IUB

Dr. Abdur Razzak

17

Assignment 2

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

Derive the expressions of Idc and Irms for HW and FW rectifiers.

D1 D2 D3

D1

D4

vi(t)

RL

vo(t)

RL

vo(t)

vi(t)

vi(t) = Vmsin t Due date: 20/02/2008

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Next lecture

ECR 207_L6
Spring 2008

Next lecture
On

Zener diode &

Voltage Stabilizer
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