Problems: include all the details of your calculation and circle your nal answer.

Problem 1 A crossbow with a mass of 30.0 kg is used to shoot a bolt whose mass is 0.050 Kg. The crossbow and the bolt are initially at rest. a) If a bolt leaves the crossbow with a speed of 100 m/s, what is the recoil speed of the crossbow? b) In which directions are the bolt and the crossbow moving? c) Compute the initial and nal kinetic energy of the bolt and the crossbow.

Problem 2 A block of wood is attached to the bottom of a lake by means of a rope and it is completely immersed in the water. The wood has a density of 0.25 103 kg/m3 (while water has a density of 1.0 103 kg/m3 ). a) If the the Volume of the block is V = 0.0136m3 , what is the tension in the string? b) If we cut the rope, the block will start accelerating towards the surface. Calculate the acceleration.

Problem 3 A block of wood whose volume is 0.01 m3 is attached to the bottom of a lake by means of a rope and it is completely immersed in the water. The wood had a density of 0.25 103 kg/m3 (while water has a density of 1.0 103 kg/m3 ). What is the tension in the rope?

Problem 4 The pressure in a cylinder lled with air is 1 atm when the volume is 0.03m3 . A temperature T = 27 C is kept constant. a) We compress the gas without changing the temperature until the pressure doubles. What is the nal volume? b) How many moles of air do we have in the cylinder?

Problem 5 A thermal engine performs 200 J of mechanical work and discards 300 J of heat in each cycle. How much energy should we provide to the engine (as heat) in each cycle? What is the eciency of the engine?

Problem 6 During each cycle, a thermal engine absorbs a quantity of heat of QH = 1000 J and discards QC = 750 J. What is the eciency of the engine? How much work will be produced in each cycle?

Problem 7 A swimming pool has a depth of 5.0 meter and it is lled with water ( = 1.0 103 kg/m3 ). The atmospheric pressure is patm = 1.013 105 Pa. Calculate: a) The pressure 1.0 meters below the surface of the water. b) The pressure at the bottom of the pool. c) The buoyant force acting on a block of volume 0.5 m3 located 3.0 meters below the surface of the water. d) What is the buoyant force acting on the same block if we place it at the bottom of the pool?

Problem 8 A sherman counts the number of water waves that pass under his boat. He counts 15 waves in one minute. He also measures that the displacement of his boat from the highest to the lowest position is 1.2 meters and that the distance between two consecutive wave crests is 3.0 meters. What are the frequency, the wavelenght, the period, the speed and the amplitude of the waves?

Newtons Law: F = ma Friction force (kinetic): f = k N Universal law of gravitation: F =G m1 m2 d2

G = 6.67 1011 Nm2 /Kg 2 Satellite motion: v= Circular motion (radius R and period T ) v= 2R T v2 R GME r

a= Mechanical Energy:

1 K = mv 2 2 U = mgh E =K +U Conservation of energy: Einit = Ef inal Work: W = F d cos Work-energy theorem: Einit + W = Ef inal Power: P = W/(t)

Denition of momentum: p = mv Conservation of momentum: pinitial = pf inal m1 v1,i + m2 v2,i = m1 v1,f + m2 v2,f Waves: v = f , f = 1/T Pascals law: p = pa + gh Buoyant force: B = f luid V g Density: = Heat: Q = mcT , Q = mL Temperature conversion (Kelvin-Celsius): TK = TC + 273.15 Pressure Conversion (atm-Pa): 1 atm = 1.013 105 P a Equation of Ideal Gas: pV = nRT R = 8.3145 J/(molK) First Law of Thermodynamics: U = Q W W = pV Eciency of a thermal engine: = QC W =1 QH QH m V