Current Lighting Standards Applicability and Modifications Being Made Relevant to Emerging Technologies

Transportation Association of Canada

Guide for the Design of Roadway Lighting January 2006

Luminance Based Standard Horizontal and Vertical Illuminance Criteria for Pedestrian Areas Includes Detailed Warranting System

Light Trespass Limits by Lighting Zones Notes Impacts on Species and Habitat

In Roadway Lights (IRL) Adaptive Control

International Commission on Illumination (CIE)

Lighting of Roads for Motor Traffic and Pedestrian Traffic - 2010

Luminance Based Standard Horizontal and Vertical Illuminance Criteria for Pedestrian Areas Uses detailed classification systems for roadways, pedestrian areas, and conflict areas Uses some different metrics (e.g. Threshold Increment, Surround Ratio, etc.)

Classification System For Roadways

Classification System Cl ifi ti S t For Conflict Areas

Classification System Cl ifi ti S t For Pedestrian Areas

Adaptive Lighting Methodology

Age Modifiers

Illuminating Engineering Society

RP-8-05 Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting

Luminance / Illuminance / S a Target u a ce u a ce Small a ge Visibility (STV) Based Standard Horizontal and Vertical Illuminance Criteria for Pedestrian Areas

Area Classifications
Pedestrian Conflict Area Classifications

High -

Areas with significant numbers of pedestrians expected to be on the sidewalks or crossing the streets during darkness. Examples are downtown retail areas, near stage theaters, concert halls, stadiums, and t d transit t it terminals. i l Areas where lessor numbers of pedestrians utilize the streets at night. Typical are downtown office areas, blocks with libraries, movie theaters, apartments, neighborhood shopping, industrial, older city , areas, and streets with transit lines. Areas with very low volumes of night pedestrian usage. This can occur in any of the cited roadway classifications but may be typified on suburban single family streets, very low density residential developments, and rural or semi-rural areas.

Medium -

Low -

Low - 10 or less Medium - 11 to 100 High - over 100

ROAD AND AREA CLASSIFICATION ROAD PEDESTRIAN AREA CLASSIFICATION

AVG. LUMIN. Lavg (cd/m2) 0.6 0.4 04

MAX UNIFORM. RATIO Lavg/Lmin 3.5 3.5 35 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 30 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

MAX UNIFORM. RATIO Lmax/Lmin 6.0 6.0 60 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 50 6.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

MAX VEILING LUMIN. RATIO Lvmax/Lavg 0.3 0.3 03 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 03 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Luminance Based

Freeway Class A Freeway Class B F Cl Expressway High Medium Low Major High Medium Low Collector High Medium Low Local High g Medium Low

1.0 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.9 09 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3

ROAD AND AREA CLASSIFICATION ROAD PEDESTRIAN AREA CLASSIFICATION

PAVEMENT CLASSIFICATION R1 (lux) 6.0 4.0 R2 & R3 (lux) 9.0 6.0 14.0 12.0 9.0 17.0 13.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 6.0 9.0 7.0 4.0 R4 (lux) 8.0 5.0 13.0 10.0 8.0 15.0 11.0 8.0 10.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 6.0 4.0

MAX UNIFORM. RATIO Eavg/Emin

MAX VEILIN G LUMIN. RATIO Lvmax/La

vg

Freeway Class A Freeway Class B Expressway High Medium Low Major High Medium Low Collector High Medium Low High Medium Low

3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

10.0 8.0 6.0 12.0 9.0 6.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 6.0 5.0 3.0

Illuminance Based

Local

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Mixed Vehicle and Pedestrian Pedestrian Only 20.0 10.0 EVmin (lux) 10.0 5.0 Eavg/Emin 4.0 4.0
*

High

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Pedestrian Areas 5.0 EVmin (lux) 2.0 Eavg/Emin 4.0
*

Medium

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Rural/Semi-Rural Areas Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential 2.0 3.0 4.0 EVmin (lux) 0.6 0.8 1.0 Eavg/Emin 10.0 6.0 4.0
*

Low

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Day Night Ni ht 100.0 40.0 40 0 EVmin (lux) 50.0 20.0 20 0 Eavg/Emin 3.0 3.0 30
*

Underpass

Proposed Revisions to RP 8 RP-8

(Adaptive Lighting)

Use Adaptive Controls

(excerpt from proposed RP-8)

Proposed Revisions to RP 8 RP-8

(Effectiveness of Headlamps)

Pedestrian Area Levels RP 8 2005 RP-8-2005

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Mixed Vehicle and Pedestrian Pedestrian Only 20.0 10.0 EV i (lux) Vmin 10.0 5.0 Eavg/Emin i 4.0 4.0
*

High

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Pedestrian Areas 5.0 EVmin (lux) 2.0 Eavg/Emin 4.0
*

Medium

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways/Bikeways EH (lux) Rural/Semi-Rural Areas Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential 2.0 3.0 4.0 EVmin (lux) 0.6 0.8 1.0 Eavg/Emin 10.0 6.0 4.0
*

Low

Proposed Revisions to RP 8 RP-8

(Impact of Trees)

FHWA/MnDOT CSS Study

Light Level Readings at 2 Different Locations

Reduced Horizontal by 33% Reduced Vertical by 65%

Reduced Horizontal by 19% Reduced Vertical by 21%

Other Considerations for RP 8 RP-8

(Application of Lighting Zones)

RP-8 Lighting Zones g g

Other Considerations for RP 8 RP-8

(Age Modifiers)

Demographic Trends: The Aging Driver P Th A i D i Population l ti

Impact of aging drivers: Vision limitations Increased crash risk 18.9 million drivers age 70 and older in 2000: 36 percent increase from 1990 to 2000 1990 8% of d i 19908% f drivers were age 70 and over 200010% of drivers were age 70 and over Older driver population will continue to grow as babyg boomers age

Final Thoughts of Design g g Standards and Emerging Technology

Dont categorize new technology like existing Design to maximize performance and meet standards

City of Cambridge Inman St. matched Luminaire wattage Test

City of Cambridge Inman Street Test

Existing Condition Roadway lighting levels Sidewalk lighting level Light trespass level Power/unit 20 lux average 1.3 cd/m2 2.5 lux minimum vertical 25 lux maximum 185 watts

IES RP-8 Recommendations Roadway lighting levels Sidewalk lighting level Light trespass level (TM-11-00) 9 lux average 0.6 cd/m2 2 lux minimum vertical 8 lux pre-curfew maximum 3 lux post-curfew maximum

Test Installation Condition Pre-curfew (as calculated) Roadway lighting levels Sidewalk lighting level Light trespass level Power/unit 12 lux average 0.8 cd/m2 3 lux minimum vertical 6.9 lux maximum 86 watts