Interpretacin: anlisis
profundo limitado por
una solucin que
consume tiempo
Formulacin: exposicin
profunda de la relacin
del problema con las
leyes fundamentales
Solucin: mtodo de la
computadora fcil de usar
Interpretacin: la facilidad
de calcular permite
holsticamente y
desarrollar la intuicin; es
factible estudiar las
sensibilidad y
comportamiento de los
Lasistemas.
era de las computadoras
PROGRAMACIN ESTRUCTURADA
En los comienzos de la computacin, los programadores nos daban mucha
importancia a que sus programas fueran claros y fciles de entender. Sin embargo
ah se reconoce que escribir programas realizados y bien estructurados.
ALGORITMO
Procedimientos matemticos general que vamos a aplicar a los problemas que se
nos presentan; es un procedimiento matemtico que nos indica la seria de pasos y
decisiones que normas a tomar para la solucin del problemas
CARACTERSTICAS.
Finito: Siempre debe terminar en un determinado nmero de pasos:
Definido: Las acciones deben definirse sin ambigedad
Entrada: Puede tener una o varias entradas
Salida: Puede tener una o varias salidas
Efectividad.- Todas las operaciones deber de ser los suficientemente bsicas para
que pueden hacerse en un tiempo no mayor que el de una persona que tenga
lpiz y papel.
ERROR
En los clculos numricos el optimista pregunta, que tan preciso son los
resultados calculados. El pesimista pregunta, que tanto error se ha introducido;
desde luego las 2 preguntas corresponden a lo mismo. Slo que en raras
ocasiones los datos proporcionados sern exactos, puesto que suelen originarse
en el proceso de medida.
De modo que hay un error probable en la informacin de entrada. Adems, el
propio algoritmo introduce error, quizs redondeos innecesarios o inevitables y la
informacin de salida contendr entonces el error generado por ambas fuentes.
EXACTITUD
Se refiere a la cercana de un nmero o de una medida al valor verdadero que se
supone representa.
PRECISIN
Se refiere al nmero de cifras significativas que representa una cantidad, a esto se
refiere cuando se habla de doble precisin, dependiendo de la mquina que
estemos utilizando.
DGITOS SIGNIFICATIVOS
Son aquellos nmeros diferentes de cero, en una cifra o guarismo, leyendo de
izquierda a derecha; empieza con el primer dgito diferente de cero y terminan con
el tamao que permitan las celdas que guardan la matiza.
ERRORES INHERENTES O HEREDADOS
Son errores en los valores numricos con que se va a operar, puede deberse a 2
causas, sistemticos o accidentales:
Errores sistemticos: Debido a la imprecisin de los aparatos de medicin.
Errores accidentales: Debido a las apreciaciones del observador y cortas causas
ERROR DE TRUNCAMIENTO:
Se debe a la interrupcin de un proceso matemtico antes de su terminacin.
Sucede cuando se toman solo algunos trminos de una serie inf. cuando se
toma solo un numero finito de intervalos un caso adicional de error de
truncamiento ocurre cuando una calculadora poco sofisticada solo toma en cuenta
los dgitos que aparecen en la pantalla y no analizan los primeros dgitos perdidos.
ERROR DE REDONDEO
Debido a las limitaciones propias de la mquina para representar cantidades que
requieres un gran nmero de dgitos.
ERROR DE REDONDEO INTERIOR
Se deprecian los dgitos que no pueden conservarse de la localizacin de memoria
correspondiente (pensando de una manera estricta este caso puede considerarse
como un truncamiento).
ERROR RELATIVO:
Es el cociente del error absoluto entre el valor real
Ry= ey/y
Ry= y-y* Para todo y diferente a cero.
Ejemplos:
Cos x
1+
= 1 valor aprox.
Error absoluto:
ey= |y-y*|
ey= |0.877582 -1|
ey= 0.122418
Error Relativo:
ry=
ry=
= 0.324215
Para n=1
(
= 0.00294281
Para n=2
(
= 0.00002461
Para n=3
(
= 0.00000011
*Calcular el Cos 0.5 (Rad) Valor real y valor aprox. Utilizando la serie Taylor para
las interacciones: n=1, n=2, n=3, n=4.
-
= 1+
= 1-0.125+0.00260416-0.00002170+0.00000010=0.87758256
=0
= 0.04291482
Para n=1
=0.5 - 0.02083333 =0.47916667
Error absoluto
Ey = ly-y*l
Ey = l0.47942554-0.47916667l = 0.00025887
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=2
= 0.5 0.02083333 +0.00026042 =0.47942709
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |0.47942554 0.47942709| = 0.00000155
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=3
*Calcular por
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.3498588 1| = 0.34985881
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=1
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.3498588 1.3| = 0.04985881
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=2
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.34985881 1.34983750| = 0.00002131
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=5
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.34985881 1.34985775| = 0.00000106
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=6
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.34985881 1.34985876| = 0.00000005
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=7
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.34985881 1.34985880| = 0.00000001
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
Para n=8
Error absoluto
Ey= |y-y*|
Ey= |1.34985881 1.34985880| = 0.00000001
Error relativo
Ry=
Ry=
= 0.88455854
Para n=1
Valor aprox.
Error absoluto
Ey= ly-y*l = l0.53062825-0.30000000l = 0.23062825
Error relativo
Ry=
= 0.43463244
Para n=2
Valor aproximado
Error absoluto
Ey= ly-y*l = l0.53062825-0.54500000|=0.28562825
Error relativo
Ry=
= 0.53828316
Para n=3
Valor aproximado
Error absoluto
Ey= ly-y*l = l0.53062825-0.13066667l= 0.39996158
Error relativo
Ry=
= 0.75375101
Para n=4
Valor aproximado
Error absoluto
Ey= ly-y*l = l0.53062825-0.19069167l= 0.33993658
Error relativo
Ry=
= 0.64063038
+..
x+
=0
Final para x= 5
Step incremento= 0.5
10
x
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
+12x-5=0
f(x)
185
143.5
107
75.5
49
27.5
11
-0.5
-7
-8.5
-5
3.5
17
35.5
59
87.5
121
159.5
203
251.5
305
F(x)=10x^2+12x-5=0
A=10
B=12
C=-5
X1= 0.32736184495
f(x)=
+12(0.327)-5=0
f(x)=
+12(0.327)-5=0
X2= -1.52736185
-2
11
-1.5
-0.5
-1
-7
-0.5
-8.5
-5
0.5
3.5
17
1.5
35.5
59
-7x-13=0
Tabular de -5 a 5 de 0.3
Graficar
Realizar por formula general el clculo
Determinar el cambio de signo de descartes
f(x)
f(x)
-5
297
0.1
-13.59
-4.7
262.89
0.4
-14.04
-4.4
230.76
0.7
-12.51
-4.1
200.61
-9
-3.8
172.44
1.3
-3.51
-3.5
146.25
1.6
3.96
-3.2
122.04
1.9
13.41
-2.9
99.81
2.2
24.84
-2.6
79.56
2.5
38.25
-2.3
61.29
2.8
53.64
-2
45
3.1
71.01
-1.7
30.69
3.4
90.36
-1.4
18.36
3.7
111.69
-1.1
8.01
135
-0.8
-0.36
4.3
160.29
-0.5
-6.75
4.6
187.56
-0.2
-11.16
4.9
216.81
-7x-13=0
a= 11
b= -7
c=-13
X2=
X2= -0.8145
X1= 1.4509
RELACIN DE NEWTON
Sirve para determinar donde existen races positivas, su frmula es la sig:
(
Donde a1, a2, a3 son los primeros coeficientes del polinomio dado.
a1x
a2x
a3x
( )
a1 = 1
a4x
( )
a2 = -2.0374
a3 = -15.4245
a4 = 15.6696
0x5.9160
=0
F(x) =
F(x)=
(
a1 = 1
a2 = -5
a3 = -2
a4 = 76
F(x) =
=0
a=1
a2=-25
a3=164
a4=-320
= 17.233
El rango de las races positivas 0x 17.233
F(x) =
a1 = 1
a2 = -2
a3 = 8
a4 = -4
donde n= subintervalo
( )
a1= 1
( )
a2=-2.0374
a3=-15.4245
a4=15.6696
(
)=
=5.91607968 (0x5.91607968)
*Calcular los intervalos para los subintervalos de n=2
f(x)
xa
Xa+h
Xa+2h
0
2.95803984
5.91607968
35.4936
-29.29068846
-391.4689244
Raz
Raiz
2 races positivas
a1= 1
a2= -5
a3= -12
(0x7)
f(x)
Xa
-79
Xa+h
Xa+2h
Xa+3h
Xa+4h
Xa+5h
Xa+6h
Xa+7h
Xa+8h
Xa+9h
Xa+10h
Xa+11h
0.58333333
1.16666666
1.74999999
2.33333332
2.91666665
3.49999998
4.08333331
4.66666664
5.24999997
5.83333330
6.41666663
-39.62668808
-12.75386825
-0.16796885
-0.87654307
-11.10816899
-24.31249960
-31.16025271
-19.54321105
25.42577779
121.4128013
288.8628822
Xa+12
6.99999996
550.9999782
Raz positiva
a)
b)
c)
d)
Calcular
Calcular los intervalos
Calcular los subintervalos para n = 12
Realizar la tabla de tabulacin y determinar los cambios de signo de
Descartes
a1= 1
a2 =-25
a3=164
(
(0x17.23368794)
= 1.43614066
X
Xa
Xa+h
Xa+2h
Xa+3h
Xa+4h
Xa+5h
Xa+6h
Xa+7h
Xa+8h
Xa+9h
Xa+10h
Xa+11h
Xa+12h
0
1.43614066
2.87228132
4.30842198
5.74456264
7.18070330
8.61684396
10.05298462
11.48912528
12.92526594
14.36140660
15.79754726
17.23368792
f(x)
-320
-133.0733915
-31.49954221
2.49378860
-13.32115847
-61.17214280
-123.2869238
-181.8932607
-219.2189131
-217.4916401
-158.9392014
-25.78935606
199.7301364
Raz positiva
Raz positiva
Raz positiva
a) Calcular Xrmax
b) Calcular los intervalos para subintervalos de n = 13
c) Determinar y marcar los cambios de signo de Descartes donde se encuentra la
posible raz
a1= 1
a2= -3
a3= -1
(0x3.60555128)
x
Xa
Xa+h
Xa+2h
Xa+3h
Xa+4h
Xa+5h
Xa+6h
Xa+7h
Xa+8h
Xa+9h
Xa+10h
Xa+11h
Xa+12h
Xa+13h
0
.27735010
.55470020
.83205030
1.10940040
1.38675050
1.66410060
1.94145070
2.21880080
2.49615090
2.77350100
3.05085110
3.32820120
3.60555130
f(x)
-5
-0.27232758
3.84646954
7.18538590
9.71542788
11.54961370
12.94297339
14.29254886
16.13739383
19.15857386
24.17916636
32.16426057
44.22095757
61.59837029
Raz positiva
xm =
(xa+xb)/2
3.5403525
3.94938715
4.12890448
4.03914582
3.99042268
4.01478425
4.00260347
3.99651308
3.99955828
xb
4.3084218
4.3084218
4.3084218
4.12890448
4.03914582
4.03914582
4.01478425
4.00260347
4.00260347
f ( xa)
f (xm) funcion
f (xb)
-31.4995422
-7.174221 2.4937886
-7.174221 -0.64194669 2.4937886
-0.64194669
1.3329829 2.4937886
-0.64194669
0.4498886 1.3329829
-0.64194669 -0.11612114 0.4498886
-0.11612114
0.17457277 0.4498886
-0.11612114
0.3115348 0.17457277
-0.11612114
-0.0420012 0.03115348
-0.0420012
-0.005303 0.03115348
|(xa+xb)/2|
Ep 0.0001
0.718
0.179
0.085
0.044
0.024
0.012
0.006
0.003
0.001
xm =
(xa+xb)/2
5.02649227
4.66745708
4.84697468
4.93673348
4.98161288
5.00405258
4.99283273
4.99844266
5.00124762
xb
5.74456264
5.02649227
5.02649227
5.02649227
5.02649227
5.02649227
5.00405258
5.00405258
5.00405258
f ( xa)
2.49378821
2.49378821
2.51534999
1.44552772
0.65565201
0.19887129
0.19887129
0.0783259
0.01710654
f (xm)
funcion
f (xb)
-0.29841478 -13.32115847
2.51534999 -0.29841478
1.44552772 -0.29841478
0.65565201 -0.29841478
0.19887129 -0.29841478
-0.04474249 -0.29841478
0.0783259 -0.04474249
0.01710654
0.04474249
-0.01373938 -0.04474249
|(xa+xb)/2|
Ep 0.0001
0.35903519
0.1795176
0.0897588
0.0448794
0.0224397
0.01121985
0.00560993
0.00280496
0.00140248
xm =
(xa+xb)/2
16.51561761
16.15658244
15.97706485
16.06682365
16.02194426
15.99950456
16.01072441
16.00511449
16.00230953
xb
17.23368796
16.51561761
16.15658244
16.15658244
16.06682365
16.02194426
16.02194426
16.01072441
16.00511449
f ( xa)
-25.7893561
-25.7893561
-25.7893561
-3.01535338
-3.01535338
-3.01535338
-0.06539309
-0.06539309
-0.06539309
f (xm)
funcion
74.31342236
21.23663587
-3.01535338
8.92372372
2.90772722
-0.06539309
1.41826865
0.67571379
0.30497999
f (xb)
199.7301441
74.31342236
21.23663587
21.23663587
8.92372372
2.90772722
2.90772722
1.41826865
0.67571379
|(xa+xb)/2|
Ep 0.0001
0.35903518
0.17951759
0.0897588
0.0448794
0.0224397
0.01121985
0.00560993
0.00280496
0.00140248
F(x)= x4-5x3-12x2+76x-79 = 0
Intervalo= 4.66666664 x 5.24999997
xa
4.66666664
4.95833331
4.95833331
4.95833331
4.95833331
4.97656248
4.98567707
4.98567707
xm =
(xa+xb)/2
4.95833331
5.10416664
5.03124998
4.99479165
4.97656248
4.98567707
4.99023436
4.98795572
f (xm)
|(xa+xb)/2|
xb
f ( xa)
funcion
f (xb)
Ep 0.0001
5.24999997 -19.54321105 -2.26670882
25.42577779
0.14583333
5.24999997 -2.26670882 10.13816317
25.42577779
0.07291667
5.10416664 -2.26670882 3.59323003
10.13816317
0.03645833
5.03124998 -2.26670882 0.57983013
3.59323003
0.01822917
4.99479165 -2.26670882 -0.86402495
0.57983013
0.00911459
4.99479165 -0.86402495 -0.14727754
0.57983013
0.00455729
4.99479165 -0.14727754 0.21497737
0.57983013
0.00227865
4.99023436 -0.14727754 0.03352581
0.21497737
0.00113932
F(x)= x4-3x3-2x2+17.81x-5 = 0
Intervalo= 0.27735010 x 0.55470020
xa
0.2773501
0.2773501
0.2773501
0.2773501
0.2773501
0.2860173
0.2903509
xm =
(xa+xb)/2
0.41602515
0.34668763
0.31201887
0.29468449
0.2860173
0.2903509
0.2925177
xb
0.5547002
0.41602515
0.34668763
0.31201887
0.29468449
0.29468449
0.29468449
f ( xa)
-0.27232759
-0.27232759
-0.27232759
-0.27232759
-0.27232759
-0.13314526
-0.06378365
f (xm)
funcion
1.87719663
0.82356062
0.28069208
0.00542352
-0.13314526
-0.06378365
-0.02916065
f (xb)
3.84646954
1.87719663
0.82356062
0.28069208
0.00542352
0.00542352
0.00542352
|(xa+xb)/2|
Ep 0.0001
0.06933753
0.03466876
0.01733438
0.00866719
0.0043336
0.0021668
0.0010834
Xa x xb
XN
XA
Razn T.T
B
XB
F(xa)
Xb-xa
Criterio
F(xb)
+ (positiva) xa x xn |
-(negativo) xn x xb |
F(xn)*f(xb)=
F(x)= x4-5x3-12x2+76x-79 = 0
Intervalo= 4.6666 x 5.24999
xn=xa+
xa
xb
f (xa)
f(xb)
d
xn
f (xn)
Ep.
4.6666
5.24999 -19.5461331 25.42462751 0.25356517 4.92016517 -5.07267633 0.05153591
4.6666 4.92016517 -19.5461331 -5.07267633 0.20131837 4.86791837 -8.63380116 0.01073288
4.86791837 4.92016517 -8.63380116 -5.07267633 0.03291061 4.90082898 -6.42778779 0.00394549
4.90082898 4.92016517 -6.42778779 -5.07267633 0.0108073 4.91163628 -5.67583669 0.00173647
F(x)= x3-25x2+164x-320 = 0
Ep=0.00001 x
xn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
xa
2.87228
2.87228
2.87228
2.87228
2.87228
2.87228
2.87228
xb
4.30842
4.20286746
4.12688355
4.076594
4.04519259
4.02629387
4.01517113
f(xa)
-31.49954221
-31.49954221
-31.49954221
-31.49954221
-31.49954221
-31.49954221
-31.49954221
f(xb)
2.49378015
1.90774089
1.31535227
0.84331102
0.51585257
0.30655684
0.17906493
d
0.10555254
0.07598391
0.05028955
0.03140141
0.01889872
0.01112274
0.00646025
xn = xb - d
4.20286746
4.12688355
4.076594
4.04519259
4.02629387
4.01517113
4.00871088
f (xn)
190,774,089
131,535,270
0.84331102
0.51585257
0.30655684
0.17906493
0.10354479
|
|
Ep 0.0001
0.01841193
0.01233617
0.00776265
0.00469383
0.00277018
0.00161155
*Calcular las races positivas del siguiente polinomio utilizado el mtodo de falsa
posicin, calcule las interacciones cuando n = 12
F(x) = -0.1x4-0.15x3-0.5x2-0.25x+1.2
a1=-0.1
( )
a2=-0.15
( )
a3=-0.5
-5
-4.5
F(x)
-53.80000000
-35.13750000
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
-21.80000000
-12.62500000
-6.60000000
-2.86250000
-0.70000000
0.45000000
1.00000000
1.21250000
1.20000000
0.92500000
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0.20000000
-1.31250000
-4.10000000
-8.80000000
-16.20000000
-27.23750000
-43
-64.72500000
-93.80000000
Cambio
de signo
Cambio
de signo
F (x) = -0.1x4-0.15x3-0.5x2-0.25x+1.2
intervalo = -2 < x < -1.5
n
1
2
3
4
xa
xb
F(xa)
F(xb)
-2
-1.5
-0.70000000 0.45000000
-2
-1.69565217 -0.70000000 0.09090663
-1.73063384 -1.69565217 -0.66709372 0.09090663
-1.73063384 -1.69984751 -0.66709372 0.08206244
d
0.19565217
0.03498167
0.00419534
0.00337233
xn=xb-d
-1.69565217
-1.73063384
-1.69984751
-1.70321984
F(xn)
ep
0.09090663
-------------0.66709372 0.02021321
0.08206244 0.01811123
0.07491576 0.00197997
f(xb)
xa x xb
f(x)
xa
xb
xn+1
m
f(xa)
Considera la grafica de la funcin xn es una primera aproximacin a una raz , si
dibujamos una recta tangente a la curva x=a xn interceptarn el eje x en un valor
xn + 1 que constituye una aproximacin mejorada ala raz la pendiente de la
tangente es f(xn) f (xn+1) la cual presenta la derivada de la funcin en punto
n
xn - xn + 1
Xn lo que simbolizamos con f(xn) resolviendo la ecuacin para xn+1 tenemos la
siguiente ecuacin xn+1= xn f (xn) de donde se repite el procedimiento con
d
f(xn)
Esta nueva aproximacin obteniendo un valor mejorado ala raz y continuamos
hasta que 2 valores consecutivos de la raz difieran en una cantidad menor
que cierto valor de error permitido que controla el valor predecible de la raz.
xn
4.308421986
3.72390385
3.94676863
3.99722694
3.99999172
4.00000000
F(xn)
2.49378862
-4.32517815
-0.67576380
-0.03337671
-0.00009936
0
F(xn)
4.26640073
19.40718715
13.39251636
12.07212263
12.00021528
12
F(xn)/ F(xn)
0.58451814
-0.22286478
-0.05045831
-0.00276478
-0.00000828
0
Xn+1
3.72390385
3.94676863
3.99722694
3.99999172
4.00000000
4
ep
0.15696381
0.05646766
0.01262333
0.00069120
0.00000207
0
F(x)= -0.1x4-0.15x3-0.5x2-0.25x+1.2
F(x)= -0.40x3 - 0.45x2 -1x - 0.25=0
Intervalo = -2 < x < 1.5
n
xn
F(xn)
1
2
3
4
5
-2
-1.77777778
-1.73873165
-1.73765561
-1.73765481
-0.700000000
-0.09187624
-0.00240055
-0.00000170
0
F(xn)
3.15000000
2.35301784
2.23090205
2.22760807
2.22760562
F(xn)/ F(xn)
-0.22222222
-0.03904613
-0.00107604
-0.00000080
0
Xn+1
-1.77777778
-1.73873165
-1.73765561
-1.73765481
-1.73765481
ep
0.12500000
0.02245667
0.00061925
0.00000046
0
F(x) = -0.1x4-0.15x3-0.5x2-0.25x+1.2
F(x)= -0.40x3 - 0.45x2 -1x - 0.25=0
Intervalo = 1< x < 1.5
n
1
2
3
4
xn
1
1.09523810
1.08920532
1.08917930
F(xn)
0.20000000
-0.01454231
-0.00006219
0
F(xn)
-2.10000000
-2.41054963
-2.38995046
-2.38986189
F(xn)/ F(xn)
-0.09523810
0.00603278
0.00002602
0
Xn+1
1.09523810
1.08920532
1.08917930
1.08917930
ep
0.08695653
0.00553870
0.00002389
0
*Determinar las races positivas por medio del mtodo newton raphson
F(x) = x5- 3x4+3x3-17x-3=0
F(xn)= 5x4-12x3+9x2-17=0
x
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
F(x)
-5293
-3275.34375000
-1919
-1047.53125000
-519
-222.21875000
-73
-10.40625000
7
4.90625000
-3
-11.28125000
-19
-25.96875000
-29
-18.15625000
27
141.15625000
377
808.96875000
1537
Intervalo = -1.5x-1
n
1
2
3
4
5
xn
-1.5
-1.34932127
-1.30863471
-1.30581933
-1.30580634
F(xn)
-10.40625000
-1.84880357
-0.11252868
-0.00051455
-0.00000010
F(xn)
69.06225000
45.44015974
39.96926207
39.60403579
39.60235460
F(xn)/ F(xn)
-0.15067873
-0.04068656
-0.00281538
-0.00001299
0
Xn+1
-1.34932127
-1.30863471
-1.30581933
-1.30580634
-1.30580634
ep
0.11167002
0.03109085
0.0215603
0.00000995
0
Intervalo= -0.5 x 0
n
xn
1
-0.5
2 -0.12077295
3 -0.17733113
4 -0.17764606
f(xn)
f'(xn)
f(xn)/f'(xn)
4.90625
-12.9375 -0.37922705
-0.95280868 -16.846522 0.05655818
-0.005242 -16.6451217 0.00031493
-0.00000022 -16.6437232 0.0000001
5 -0.17764607
0 -16.6437232
xn+1=xn(f(xn)/f'(xn))
-0.12077295
-0.17733113
-0.17764606
-0.17764607
|(xn+1 - xn)/xn+1|
Ep0.00001
3.14
0.31894109
0.00177278
0.00000007
-0.17764607
xn+1=xn(f(xn)/f'(xn))
2.88579017
2.78161829
2.76874754
2.76856505
2.76856502
2.76856502
|(xn+1 - xn)/xn+1|
Ep0.00001
0.13368615
0.0374501
0.00464858
0.00006591
0.00000001
0
Intervalo= 2.5 x 3
n
xn
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.5
2.88579017
2.78161829
2.76874754
2.76856505
2.76856502
f(xn)
-18.15625
12.11760658
1.20603414
0.01662911
0.0000033
0
f'(xn)
47.0625
116.323194
93.7034892
91.1272124
91.0910189
91.0910117
f(xn)/f'(xn)
-0.38579017
0.10417189
0.01287075
0.00018248
0.00000004
0
MTODO DE LA SECANTE
xa x xb
M=f(x)
Xn+1
xa
Xn-1
xn
F(xa)
F(xn-1)
m=
F(xn+1)
F(x)= x4-5x3-12x2+76x-79=0
|
xn-1
1
2
3
4
2.5
2.1
2.18447334
2.26727766
xn
2.1
2.184473337
2.26727766
2.23794679
f(xn-1)
f(xn)
-3.0625
0.8231
0.8231 0.40744376
0.40744376 -0.22348814
-0.22348814 0.02448622
-0.084473337
-0.08280432
0.02933087
-0.00289628
xn+1
Ep0.001
2.184473337
0.03866
2.267277657 0.03652147
2.23794679 0.01310615
2.24084307 0.0013625
F(x)=x4-2.0374x3-15.424x2+15.6696x+35.4936=0
Intervalo = 3.944053118 x 4.4370599758
n
1
2
3
4
xn-1
xn
f(xn-1)
4.43705998 3.944053118 10.9819303
3.94405312 4.28928784 -25.656687
4.28928784
4.3413037 -3.35947823
4.3413037 4.32654271 1.33107987
f(xn)
-25.656687
-3.35947823
1.33107987
-0.03855114
-0.34523472
-0.05201586
0.01476099
-0.00041548
xn+1
4.28928784
4.3413037
4.32654271
4.32695819
Ep0.001
0.08048766
0.01198162
0.00341173
0.00009602
-0.15250642
-0.00003465
xn+1
2.12453298
2.12456763
-0.03049982
-0.01064889
0.00028672
xn+1
Ep0.001
1.53049482 0.01992481
1.54114372 0.0069097
1.54085699 0.00018608
f(xn-1)
f(xn)
-13.1972309 5.91089891
5.91089891 0.00134378
Ep0.001
0.0717835
0.0000163
F(x)=25x3-6x2+7x-88=0
Intervalo = 1.5 x 2
n
xn-1
xn
f(xn-1)
f(xn)
1
2
1.5
102
-6.625
2
1.5 1.53049452
-6.625 -1.71469495
3 1.53049482 1.54114372 -1.71469495
0.047446
f(xn)= -1x+2.5=0
xn+1= xnf(xn)
f'(xn)
f(xn)/f'(xn) (f(xn)/f'(xn))
-1.5
-0.375
4
-0.09375
-1.40625
-1.40625 -0.00439453 3.906525
-0.001125
-1.405125
-1.405125 -0.0000063 3.905125 -0.00000016 -1.40512484
xn
|xn+1-xn/xn+1|
Ep0.00001
0.06666667
0.00080064
0.00000012
Intervalo= 6 x 6.5
n
xn
1
6
2 6.42857123
3 6.40519481
xn+1= xnf(xn)
f'(xn)
f(xn)/f'(xn) (f(xn)/f'(xn))
1.5
-3.5 -0.42857143 6.42857123
-0.09183673 -3.92857143 0.02337662 6.40519481
-0.00027323 -3.90519481 0.00006997 6.40512484
|xn+1-xn/xn+1|
Ep0.00001
0.66666667
0.00364964
0.00001092
xn-1
xn
-0.5
-1.0
-0.58525857
-0.63008961
-0.67302842
-0.66578216
-1
-0.58525857
-0.63008961
-0.67302842
-0.66578216
-0.66625967
f(xn-1)
f(xn)
12.47812500 -60.70000000
-60.70000000
7.35649476
7.35649476
3.59894824
3.59894824 -0.73065376
-0.73065376
0.05154407
0.05154407
0.00065209
-0.41474143
0.04483104
0.04293881
-0.00724626
0.0004775
0.00000612
xn+1
-0.58525857
-0.63008961
-0.67302842
-0.66578216
-0.66625967
-0.666265780
Ep0.001
0.70864649
0.07115026
0.06379940
0.01088383
0.00071670
0.00000917
Intervalo= 0 x 0.5
n xn-1
1
0.5
xn
0
f(xn-1)
-58.47812500
f(xn)
xn+1
0
Ep0.001
0
0
Intervalo= 4.5 x 5
n
1
2
3
4
5
xn-1
5.0
4.5
4.93066171
4.94740516
4.94408249
xn
4.5
4.93066171
4.94740516
4.94408249
4.94410432
f(xn-1)
f(xn)
27.50000000 -170.80312500
-170.80312500
-6.39204599
-6.39204589
1.58252140
1.58252140
0.01046623
-0.01046623
-0.00001697
-0.43066171
-0.01674345
0.00332267
-0.00002183
-0.00000004
xn+1
4.93066171
4.94740516
4.94408249
4.94410432
4.94410436
Ep0.001
0.08734359
0.00338429
0.00067205
0.00000442
0.00000001
xa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
xb
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.4210526
0.4183082
0.4181155
0.4181017
0.4181007
0.4181006
f(xa) f(xb)
xn
f(xn)
Ep
-2
0.375 0.0789474 0.4210526 0.01312145
-2 0.01312145 0.0027444 0.4183082 0.01312145 0.0065607
-2 0.00092207 0.0001928 0.4181155 0.00092207 0.000461
-2 0.00006592 1.368E-05 0.4181017 0.00006592 3.296E-05
-2 0.00000472
9.9E-07 0.4181007 0.00000472 2.57E-06
-2 0.00000034
7E-08 0.4181006 0.00000034
1.7E-07
-2 0.00000002
1E-08 0.4181006 0.00000002
0
MTODO DE BIRGE-VIETA
El mtodo de Birge-Vieta aplica Newton raphson para encontrar una raz del
polinomio p(x). Dado un punto x(k) evalua p(xk) y p(xk) mediante divisin sinttica
cuando encuentra una raz p; elimina el factor x-p mediante divisin sinttica y
continua trabajando sobre el polinomio restante. El proceso se repite hasta
encontrar la raz del polinomio.
Ejemplo:
P(x)= x3-2x2-5x+6
Divisin sinttica
1
0.8333
1
1
-2
0.8333
-1.1667
0.8333
-0.3333
-5
0.9722
-5.9722
-0.2778
-6.25
6
-4.9766
1.0234 0
-5
-0.99999
-5.99999
-0.005894
-6.005884
-6
-5.982254
0.017746 0
X1=0.8333-(1.0234/-6.2500)=0.997044
X1=0.997044=xk
1
0.997044
1
1
-2
0.997044
-1.002956
0.997044
-0.005912
X1=0.99704-(0.017746/-6.00589352)=0.999999
X1=0.999998
1
0.999998
1
X=1 es la raz
-2
0.999998
-1.000002
-5
-1
-6
6
-5.999988
0.000012 si es la raz
P(x)= x3-25x2+164x-320=0
2.8722812
Para xk:
4.3084218
15.79754
1
2.8722812
-25
2.8722812
1 -22.1277188
2.8722812
1 -19.2554376
164
-320
-63.55703071 288.500452
100.4429693 -31.4995476 0
-55.30703142
44.69296858
X1=2.8722812-(-31.49954763/44.69296858)=3.577079933
X1=3.577079933=xk
1
3.57707993
-25
164
3.577079933 -76.63149748
-21.42292007 87.36850252
3.577079933 -63.83599664
-17.84584014 23.53250588
-320
312.5241171
-7.47588285 0
X1=3.577079933-(-7.475882852/23.53250588)=3.894763179
X1=3.894763179=xk
1
3.894763179
1
1
-25
3.894763179
-21.10523682
3.894763179
-17.21047364
164
-82.19989925
81.80010075
-67.03071903
14.76938172
-320
318.5920204
-1.40797958 0
X1=3.894763179-(-1.40797958/14.76938172)=3.990094155
X1=3.990094155=xk
1
3.990094155
1
1
-25
164
3.990094155 -83.83150251
-21.00990584 80.168.49749
3.990094155 -67.91065112
-17.01981169 12.25784637
-320
319.8798533
-0.120146741 0
X1=3.990094155-(-.01201467408/12.25784637)=3.999895774
X1=3.999895774
1
3.999895774
1
-25
3.999895774
-21.00010423
164
-83.99822815
80.00177185
-320
319.9987491
-0.001250853 Si es
la raz
X=4 es la raz
Xk=4.3084218
1
-25
4.3084218
-20.6915782
4.3084218
-16.3831564
4.3084218
1
1
164
-89.59195341
74.85195341
-70.58554819
4.266405223
-320
322.4937878
2.4937783 0
X1=4.3084218-(2.49378783)/4.266405223=3.7239004461
X1=3.7239004461=xk
1
3.723900446
1
1
-25
3.723900446
-21.27609554
3.723904461
-17.55219108
164
-79.23014709
84.7698529
-65.36268266
19.40717025
-320
315.6748334
0
-4.32516659
X1=3.7239004461-(-4.325166598/19.40717025)=3.946768822
X1=3.946768822=xk
1
-25
3.946768822
-2105323118
3.946768822
-17.10646236
3.946768822
1
1
164
-83.09223642
80.90776358
-67.51525229
13.39251129
-320
319.3242388
-0.6757612270
X1=3.946768822-(-0.6757612266/13.38251129)=3.997226963
X1= 3.997226963=xk
1
3.997226963
1
1
-25
3.997226963
-21.00277304
3.997226963
-17.00554608
164
-83.95285068
80.04714932
-67.9750273
12.07212202
X1=3.997226963-(-0.03337642759/12.07212202)=3.999991715
X1=3.999991715=xk
-320
319.9666236
-0.0333764280
1
3.999991715
1
-25
3.999991715
-21.00000829
164
-83.99985915
80.0014085
-320
319.9999006
-0.000994209 Si es
la raz
X=4 es la raz
Xk= 15.79754
1
15.79754
1
1
-25
15.79754
-9.20246
15.79754
6.59508
164
-145.3762299
18.62377005
104.1860401
122.8098102
-320
294.2097523
0
-25.79024766
Xi= 15.79754-(-25.79024766/122.8098102)=16.00754153
Xi=16.00754153=xk
1
16.0075415
1
1
-25
16.00754153
-8.992458473
16.00754153
7.015083057
164
-143.9471525
20.05284754
112.2942334
132.3270809
-320
320.9967897
0
0.996789712
Xi=16.00754153-(0.9967897115/132.3470809=16.0000099
1
16.0000099
1
-25
16.000001
-8.99999
164
-143.99999
20.000008
-320
320.001305
0.001305
si es la raz
X=16 es la raz
f(x)
414
204.1536
77.6256
11.8656
-12.5664
-12
0.3456
14.3616
23.0496
22.5216
12
-6.1824
-26.5824
-40.6464
-36.7104
0
87.3696
Xk=-2.2
Xk=-1
Xk=2
Xk=5
Xk=-2.2
1
-2.2
1
1
-5
2.2
-7.2
-2.2
-9.4
-5
15.84
10.84
20.68
31.52
Xi=-2.2-(11.8656/-10.192)=-2.030955095
Xi=-2.030955095=xk
23
10
-23.834
1.8656
-0.848 11.86560
-69.344
-70.192
1
-2.03096
1
1
-5
-2.03096
-7.03095
-2.03096
-9.05191
-5
23
10
14.27955
-8.4358
-8.43588
9.272534 4.153642 1.5641380
18.40443 -56.2249
27.68389
-52.071
Xi=-2.030955095-(1.564138841/-52.07108844)=-2.000916567
Xi= -2.0009
1
-2.0009
1
1
-5
-2.0009
-7.0009
-2.0009
-9.0018
-5
14.0082
9.00082
14.0082
27.0199
23
10
-18.0247
-9.955
4.9753 0.04490
-54.0641
-49.0888
Xi= -2.0009-(0.0449/-49.0888)=-1.9999
1
-1.9999
X=-2 es la raz
-5
-1.9999
-6.9999
-5
13.9999
8.9992
23
10
-17.9476 -10.0042
5.0023
-0.0042
si es la raz
Xk=-1
1
-1
1
1
-5
-1
-6
-1
-7
-5
6
1
7
8
-5
-0.1428
-5.1428
-0.1428
-5.2856
-5
0.7323
-4.2656
0.7547
-3.5108
23
-1
22
-8
14
10
-22
-120
Xi=-1-(-12/14)=-0.1428
Xi=-0.1428=xk
1
-0.1428
1
1
23
10
0.6091
-3.3713
23.6091 6.6286 0
0.5013
24.1104
Xi= -0.1428-(6.6286/24.1104)=-0.4177
Xi=-0.4177=xk
1
-0.4177
1
1
-5
-0.4177
-5.4177
-0.4177
-5.8354
-5
2.2669
-2.737
2.4372
-0.2995
23
10
1.1432
-10.0846
24.1432 -0.0846 0
0.1251
24.2683
Xi=-0.4177-(-0.0846/24.2683)=-0.4142
Xi= -0.4142=xk
1
-0.4142
1
X=-0.4142 es la raz
-5
-0.4142
5.4142
-5
2.2426
-2.7424
23
1.1421
24.1421
10
-9.9997
0.00093 0
Xk=2
1
2
1
1
Xi=2-(12/-25)=2.48=xk
1
2.48
1
1
-5
2
-3
2
-1
-5
-6
-11
-2
-13
23
-22
1
-26
-25
-5
2.48
-2.52
2.48
-0.04
-5
-6.2496
-11.2496
-0.0992
-11.3488
23
-27.899
-4.899
-28.145
-33.044
10
2
120
10
-12.1495
-2.14950
Xi=2.48-(-2.1495/-33.0440)=2.4149= xk
1
2.4149
1
1
-5
2.4149
-2.585
2.4149
-0.1701
-5
-6.2429
-11.2426
-0.4107
-11.6533
23
-27.1428
-4.1498
-28.1417
-32.2915
10
-10.0214
-0.02140
-5
2.4142
-2.5857
-5
-6.2425
-11.2425
23
-27.1417
-4.1417
10
-9.999
0.0009
si es la raz
Funcin p(x)=
x
-4
-3.4
-2.8
-2.2
-1.6
-1
-0.4
0.2
0.8
1.4
2
f(x)
-495
-99.3485
21.1766
27.2794
8.1245
0
4.9795
9.5846
3.4474
-2.0275
45
2
-3.4
2
2
Xk=-3.4
Xk=0.8
Xk=1.4
5
-6.8
-1.8
-6.8
-8.6
-8
6.12
-1.88
29.24
27.36
-14
6
6.392 25.8672
-7.608 31.8672
-93.024 342.1488
-100.632 374.016
9
-108.348
-99.34840
-14
6
12.6104
4.3553
-1.3895 10.3553
-61.4359 196.9138
-62.8254 207.2691
9
-32.4567
-23.45670
Xi=-3.4-(-99.3484/374.016)=-3.1343=xk
2
-3.1343
2
2
5
-6.2687
-1.2687
-6.2687
-7.5374
-8
3.9766
-4.0233
23.6244
19.6011
Xi= -3.1343-(-23.4567/207.2691)=-3.0211=xk
2
-3.0211
2
2
5
-6.0422
-1.0422
-6.0422
-7.0844
-8
3.1487
-4.8512
21.4026
16.5514
-14
6
14.656
-1.9819
0.656
4.018
-50.0036 149.0842
-49.3476 153.1022
Xi= -3.0211-(-3.1387/153.1022)=-3.0416=xk
9
-12.1387
-3.13870
2
-3.0416
2
2
5
-6.0832
-1.0832
-6.0832
-7.1664
-8
-14
6
3.2946 114.3117
-0.9482
-4.7053
0.3117
5.0517
21.7973
-51.987 157.1758
17.092 -51.6753 162.2275
9
-15.3655
-6.36550
Xi= -3.0416-(-6.3655/162.2275)=-3.0023=xk
2
-3.0023
2
2
5
-6.0046
-1.0046
-6.0046
-7.0092
-8
3.0161
-4.9839
21.0437
16.0599
-14
6
14.9631
-2.8916
0.9631
3.1083
-48.2166 141.8692
-47.2535 144.9775
9
-9.3323
-0.33230
Xi= -3.0023-(0.3323/144.9775)=-3=xk
2
-3
2
X= -3 es la raz
5
-6
-1
-8
3
-5
-14
15
1
6
-3
3
9
-9
0
Xk= 0.8
2
0.8
2
2
5
1.6
6.6
1.6
8.2
-8
5.28
-2.72
6.56
3.84
-14
-2.176
-16.176
3.072
-13.104
6
9
-12.9408
-5.5526
-6.9408 3.44730
-10.4832
-17.424
-8
6.9803
-1.0196
8.9714
7.9518
-14
-1.0174
-15.0174
7.9343
-7.083
6
9
-14.9844
-8.9646
-8.9844 0.03540
-7.0674
-16.0518
-8
7
-1
-14
-1
-15
Xi= 0.8-(3.4473/-17.424)=0.9978=xk
2
0.9978
2
2
5
1.9956
6.9956
1.9956
8.9912
Xi= 0.9978-(0.0354/-16.0515)=1=xk
2
1
2
X=1 es la raz
5
2
7
6
-15
-9
9
-9
0
Xk= 1.4
2
1.4
2
2
5
2.8
7.8
2.8
10.6
-8
10.92
2.92
14.84
17.76
-14
4.088
-9.912
24.864
14.952
-8
9.322
1.322
12.4206
13.7426
-14
1.6455
-12.3544
17.1054
4.751
6
9
-13.8768
-11.0275
-7.8768 -2.02750
20.9328
13.056
Xi= 1.4-(-2.0275/13.056)=1.2447=xk
2
1.2447
2
2
5
2.4894
7.4894
2.4894
9.9788
6
9
-15.3775 -11.6722
-9.3775 2.67220
5.9136
-3.4638
Xi= 1.2447-(2.6722/-3.4638)=2.0161=xk
2
2.0161
2
5
4.0323
9.0323
-8
18.21
10.21
-14
20.5844
6.5844
6
13.2748
19.2748
9
38.86
47.86
f(x)
-128.00
-80.64
-46.08
-22.40
-7.68
0.00
2.56
1.92
0.00
-1.28
0.00
5.76
17.92
Raz=-1
Raz= 0.2
Raz=1
X
-5
-4.7
-4.4
-4.1
-3.8
-3.5
-3.2
-2.9
-2.6
-2.3
-2
-1.7
-1.4
-1.1
-0.8
-0.5
-0.2
0.1
0.4
0.7
1
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4
4.3
4.6
4.9
F(x)
28028
18325.49857
11441.73363
6706.626212
3573.483008
1603.25
449.815808
-153.635188
-407.219968
-455.904232
-400
-304.613452
-218.043008
-129.127648
-73.545472
-39.0625
-19.731712
-9.042328
-2.019328
3.726788
8
9.068528
5.764352
0.632492
4.130048
39.875
150.944768
407.224532
913.805312
1820.431808
3332
5720.104508
9335.635712
14622.42663
-3.2
0.4
-3
-6.4
-13
30.08
29
-54.656
-9.4
-6.4
17.08
50.56
-681
-216.448
-15.8
67.64
-242.104
-3.2
-27
32
82.0992 -176.3174
-12
461.8158
-2799.78
2
-3.0393
2
-3
-13
29
-27
32
-12
-6.0786
27.5928
-44.3519
46.6592
-59.7503
84.3416
-9.0786
14.5928
-15.3519
19.6592
-27.7503 72.34160
-6.0786
46.0672 -184.3641
-15.1572
60.66
-199.716
606.997 -1904.596
626.6562 -1932.347
-3
-6.0037
-13
27.0273
-9.0037
-6.0037
-15.0074
-3.0018
29
-42.1074
-27
39.3457
32
-633
-12
15.1879
14.0273 -13.1074
45.0492 -177.3358
12.3457
-5.0596
571.6726 -1753.106
3.18790
59.0765 -190.4432
584.0183 -1758.166
-3
-5.9999
-8.9999
-5.9999
-14.9998
-2.9999
-13
26.999
29
-41.9956
13.999 -12.9956
44.9979 -176.9898
32
-35.9558
-12
11.8672
11.9856
-3.9558 -0.13270
569.9222 -1745.665
-27
38.9856
-1749.621
Xk= 0.4
2
-3
-0.8
-13
-0.88
29
-5.552
-27
9.3792
-2.2
-0.8
-13.88
-1.2
23.448
-6.032
-17.6208
6.9664
-3
-15.08
17.416
-10.5644
20.6898
32
-7.9783
0.4
32
-7.04832
-12
9.9806
24.95168 -2.01930
-4.2617
-3
-0.995
-13
-0.9974
29
-6.9637
-27
10.963
-2.005
-0.995
-13.9974
-0.5024
22.0362
-7.2136
-16.0369
7.3741
-1.01
-14.4998
14.8225
-8.6627
19.7119
32
-7.9991
0.4975
-12
11.9507
24.0216 -0.04920
-4.3096
-3
-0.9999
-13
-0.9998
29
-6.9985
-27
10.9985
-2
-13.9998
22.0014
-16.0014
0.4999
X= 0.5 es la raz
-12
11.998
24.0008 -0.00190
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ax= B
Donde:
A = es la matriz de coeficiente
b = es el vector del coeficiente
X = es el vector de solucin
Determinados (solucin nica)
Consistentes
Solucin de
Sistemas de
Ecuaciones
Lineales
x + y = 10
-10
20
-13
10
-3
10
xy=3
y= 10 x
x=3+y
(-10, -20)
20
(0, 10)
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
(-10, -13)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
(10, 7)
4
2
(10, 0)
-2
2 4 6 8 10 12
-4
-6
(0, -3)
-8
-10
-12
-14
x=3+y
x = 3 + 3.5
y = 10 (3 + y )
x = 6.5
y= 10 3 y
2y = 7
Y = 7/2 = 3.5
MTODO DE GAUSS
El mtodo de Gauss consiste en resolver un sistema de ecuaciones lineales
transformndola en una matriz. Haciendo la diagonal principal unos y el tringulo
inferior ceros.
Matriz Identidad:
Triangulo Inferior
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
Diagonal Principal
Triangulo Superior
+
F1
= *
F1(-3)+F2
= *
F2(-1/11)
y = 18/11
verificacin:
x + 5(18/11) = 7
x = 7 90/11
x = -13/11
x + 5y = 7
-13/11 + 5(18/11) = 7
77/11 = 7
7=7
[
F1
F2
] =
F1(-3)+F2
F1(-4)+F3
= [
F2(-3)+F3
]
F3(-1/14)
x1 + 0x2 + 4x3 = 9
-3/7 + 132/14 = 9
-3/7 + 66/7 = 9
63/7 = 9
9=9
F2(1/6)
x3 = 33/14
Verificacin:
Sistema de Ecuaciones 4 x 4:
20x1 - x2 4x3 + x4 = 30
-x1 - 30x2 + 3x3 - x4 = 40
x1 + x2 32x3 x4 = 40
-x1 - x2 2x3 -25x4 = 50
20
-1
1
-1
F1 <-> F3
1
-30
1
-1
-4
3
-32
-2
1
-1
-1
-25
30
40
40
50
1
1
-1
-30
20
1
-1
-1
F1 (1) + F2
-32
3
-4
-2
-1
-1
1
-25
40
40
30
50
F1 (-20) + F3
F1 (1) + F4
1
1
0
-29
0
-21
0
0
F2 (-1/29)
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
-32
-31
636
-34
-1
-2
21
-26
40
80
-770
90
-32
31/29
19095/29
-34
-1
2/29
651/29
-26
40
-80/29
-24010/29
90
F3(29/19095)
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
-21
0
0
F2 (21) + F3
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
-32
31/29
636
-34
-1
2/29
21
-26
40
-80/29
-770
90
40
-32
-1
2/29
-80/29
31/29
217/6365 -4802/3819
1
90
-34
-26
F3(34)+F4
-32
31/29
1
40
-1
2/29
-80/29
217/6365 -4802/3819 =
0
0
-26
F4(-6365/158112)
-158112/6365
506978/3819
90
x4 = 1267445/237168
x3 = -770
x2 = -80/29 +31 725/58 = 913/58
x1 = 1604 98560/4 + 725/4 = 97675/4
1
0
0
1
1
0
40
-32
-1
2/29
-80/29
31/29
217/6365 -4802/3819
1
0
-90/26
Verificacin:
x1 + x2 32x3 x4 = 40
-97675/4 + 913/58 32(-770) 725/4 = 40
-5665150/232 + 3652/232 + 5716480/232
42050/232 = 40
9280/232 = 40
40 = 40
*Otro ejemplo:
X1 + 10X2 - X3 = 10
X1 - 2X2 + 10X3 = 12
10X1 + 3X2 + X3 = 14
] = [
F1(-1)+F2
] = [
F2(-1/12)
] =
F2(97)+F3
F1(-10)+F3
[
= [
F3(-12/935)
X3 = 1226/935
X2 11/12 X3 = -1/6
X1 + 10X2 1X3 = 10
X2 11/12(1226/935) = -2/12
X1 + 10(88/85) 1226/935 = 10
X2 613/510 = -2/12
X1 + 176/17 1226/935 = 10
X2 = -1/6 + 613/510
X1 = 10 176/17 + 1226/935
X2 = 88/85
X1 = 896/935
] = [
F1(1/2)
] = [
F1(-4)+F2
]=
F2(-1/7)
F1(3)+F3
[
F2(-29/2)+F3
F3(14/57)
X3= -83/57
X2 - 8/7X3 = 6/7
X1 + 3/2X2 5/2X3 = 3/2
X2 8/7(-83/57) = 6/7
X2 + 664/399 = 6/7
X2 = 6/7 664/399
X2 = -46/57
1 2 -1 10 1 0 0
1 2 -1 10 1 0 0
1 -1 3 5 0 1 0
= 0 -3 4 -5 -1 1 0
3 1 -4 3 0 0 1
0 -5 -1 -27 -3 0 1
0 -5 -1 -27 -3
F1(-1) + F2
F2(-1/3)
F2(-2) + F1
F1(-3) + F3
1 0 5/3
= 0 1 -4/3
1 2 -1
10
20/3
1/3 2/3 0
5/3
1/3 -1/3 0
-4/3 -5/3 1
0 0
F3(-3/23)
1/3
0 1
F3(-2/3) + F1
60/23
1/23
7/23
5/23
4/23
5/23
X1 = 60/23
X2 = 113/23
X3 = 56/23
PROBLEMA CORRECTO
-3/23
2/3
-1/3
F3(4/3) + F2
0 0 1
0 0
F2(5) + F3
0 0 -23/3 -56/3
1 0 0
-8 -24
1 0
34
0 1
F1
F2
1 6
0 -32
0 1
-160
1 -4
F2 (-1/32)
0 1
4 -8
-24
1 0
34
1 160/32
F2 (-6) + F1
-6/32
-24/32
-1/32
4/32
X2 = 5
34
F1 (-4)+ F2
34
X1 = 4
1 6
-1/32 4/32
-1.1
10
120 1 0
-2
17.4 174 0 1
174
F1 (-1/1.1)
F1 (2) + F2
-1.8181 1
F2 (-1/.7818)
1 -9.0909 -109.0909 -0.9090 0
0
56.5129
2.3254 -1.279
F2 (9.0909) + F1
X1 = 404.6623
X2 = 56.5129
2.3254
-1.279
0.5X1 X2 = -9.5
1.02X1 2X2 = -18.8
0.5
-1
-9.5
0 1
-2
- 19
F2 (1/0.04)
10
0 1
14.5
F1 (-1.02) + F2
1 0
2 0
= 1.02 -2 -18.8 0 2
F1 (2)
1 -2
-19
-19
14.5 51 50
2 0
F2 (2) + F1
104 100
51
1 -2
50
X1 = 10
X2 = 14.5
10 2 -1
27
-3 -6 2
-61.5 0 1 0
-21.5
1 5
1 0 0
1 1
=
0 0 1
-21.5 0 0 1
-3 -6 2
-61.5 0 1 0
10 2 -1
F1 F3
1 1
F1 (3) + F2
- 21.5 0 0 1
0 -3 17
-126
0 -8 -51
27
0 1 3
1 1
=
242 1 0 0
F1 (-10) + F3
0 1 -17/3
42
0 -8
242 1
F2 (-1/3)
F2 (-1) + F1
-63.5 0 1/3
1 0 0
-21.5 0
-51
0 32/3
1 -17/3
42
0 -1/3 -1
0 -289/3
578
1 -8/3 -8
1 0
=
F3 (-3/289)
0 -1/3 1
0
32/3 -63.5 0
-6
1 0 0 0.5
X1 = 0.5
0 1 0
-1/17
X2 = 8
0 0 1
-6
X3 = -6
1/3
-1/3
2
-1
F3 (17/3) + f2
-3/17 - 9/17
F2 (8) + F3
0 1 - 17/3 42
0 0
F3 (-32/3) + F1
8x1+2x2-2x3=-2
10x1+2x2+4x3=4
12x1+2x2+2x3=6
2 -2 -2 1 0 0
10 2
4 4 0 1 0
1/4
10
12 2 2 6 0 0 1
12
F1(1/8)
0
0
1 0 =
0 1
F1(-10)+F2
F1(-12)+F3
1
0
0
1
-1
-3/2
0
0 =
1
1
0
1/4 -1/4
1 -13
-1
F2(2/1)
-1/4
-13
1/8
5/2
0
-2
0
0
-3/2
F2(1/4)+F1
F2(1)+F3
0
0
- 1/2 1/2
1 -13 -13
5/2
-2
0 -8
-2
-4
F3(-1/8)
0
0
- 1/2 1/2
1 -13 -13
5/2 -2
1/8 1/4
-1/8
1/2
F3(-3)+F1
F3(13)+F2
- 1/2
1/2
-13/2
7/8
5/4 -13/8
1/2
-1/8
1/4 -1/8
x1 = 3/2
x2=-13/2
x3 = 1/2
2x1-6x2-x3=-38
-3x1+x2+7x3=-34
-8x1+x2-2x3=-20
-6 -1 -38 1 0 0
-3 -1
7 -34 0 1 0 =
-8 1 - 2 20 0 0 1
1 -3 -1/2
-19 1/2
-3 -1
34
-2
-20
F1(1/2)
F1(3)+F2
F1(8)+F3
1 1/4
0 1/2
0
-1/4
13/2
-1
-1/4 1/8
13/2 -5/4
9
-3/2
0
1
0
0 =
1
0
1/4
1
-1/4
-13
-1/4
-13
-1
F2(2/1)
1/8 0
5/2 -2
0
0
-3/2
F2(1/4)+F1
F3(1)+F3
1 -13 -13
5/2
-2
-2
F3(-1/8)
-8
-4
- 1/2 1/2
0
=
-13 -13
1
- 1/2
1/2
5/2
-2
1/8
1/4 -1/8
F3(-3)+F1
F3(13)+f2
- 1/2
1/2
0 -13/2
7/8
5/4
-13/8
-1/8
1/4
-1/8
1/2
x1 = 4
x2=8
x3 = -2
{0, 0, 0}
x1 = (12 + (6*0) -0)/2
x1 = 6
x2 = (-8+6+0)/7
x3 = (16-6+(3*-0.28))/2
x2 = -0.28
x3 = 4.58
x3 = (16-2.87+(3*-0.07))/2
x2 = -0.07
x3 = 6.46
Ep = | (6-2.87)/6 |
Ep = 0.521
x3 = (16-2.56+(3*0.14))/2
x2 = 0.14
x3 = 6.93
Ep = | (2.56 -2.87)/2.56 |
Ep = 0.121
x3 = (16-2.95+(3*0.26))/2
x2 = 0.26
x3 = 6.91
Ep = | (2.95-2.56)/2.95 |
Ep = 0.13
x3 = (16-2.95+(3*0.31))/2
x2 = 0.31
x3 = 6.97
Ep = | (3.32-2.95)/3.32 |
Ep = 0.111
x3 = (16-3.44+(3*0.34))/2
x2 = 0.34
x3 = 6.7
Ep = | (3.44-3.32)/3.44 |
Ep = 0.03
x3 = (16-3.67+(3*0.33))/2
x2 = 0.33
x3 = 6.66
Ep = | (3.67-3.44)/3.67 |
Ep = 0.05
x3 = (16-3.66+(3*0.33))/2
x2 = 0.33
x3 = 6.66
Ep = | (3.66-3.67)/3.66 |
Ep = 0.001
X1 = 3.66
x2 = 0.33
x3 = 6.66
PROBLEMA CORRECTO
-6
12
-3
16
-1
-1
-8
-1
-1
-8
-3
16
-6
F1-- F3
12
F1(1)+F2
F1(-2)+F3
-3
16
-3
16
-3
-20
F2(1/4)
-3
F3(-1/3)
-3
16
20/3
X3=20/3
x2=2-1/4(20/3)
X1=11/3
X2+1/4+3=2
x2= 2 -20/12->5/3
X2=1/3
X1-3x2+2x3=16
X3=20/3
-20
0, 0,
2
X2= -8+x1+x3
7
X3=16-x1+3x2
2
X1=(12+6(0)-0)/2= 12/2=6
X2=(-8+6+0)/7=2/7 =-0.2857
X3=(16-6+3(-0.2857))/2=9/2=4
X1=(12+6(0.2857)-(4))/2= 6/2=3
X2=-(8+3+4)/7=1/7 =-0.1428
X3=(16-3+3(-0.1428))/2=13/2=7
3-6 =1
3
X1=(12+6(-0.1428)-(7))/2= 4/2=2
X2=(-8+2+4)/7=1/7 =0.1428
X3=(16-2+3(0.1428))/2=14/2=7
X1=(12+6(0.1428)-(7))/2= 5/2=2.5
X3=(16-2.5+3(0.2142))/2=15/2=7.5
2.5-2
2.5
=0.25
X2=(-8+2.5+7)/7=1.5/7 =0.2142
X1=(12+6(0.2142)-(7))/2= 6/2=3
X2=(-8+3+7)/7=2/7 =0.2857
X3=(16-3+3(0.2857))/2=14/2=7
X1=(12+6(0.2142)-(7))/2= 6/2=3
X3=(16-3+3(0.2857))/2=14/2=7
3-3 =0
3
X2=(-8+3+7)/7=2/7 =0.2857
X1+X2+6X3=8
X1+5X2-X3=5
4X1+2X2-2X3=4
-1
-7
-3
-2
-2
-26
F1(-1)+F2
-28
F2(1/4)
F1(-4)+F3
31/4
35/4
-7/4
-3/4
-7/4
-3/4
-2
-26
-28
-59/2
-59/2
F2(-1)+F1
F3(-2/59)
F2(2)+F3
31/4
35/4
-7/4
-3/4
F3 (-31/4)+F1
x1=1
F3 (7/4)+F2
x2=1
X3=1
ESCUELA PREPARATORIA
JOS DE ESCANDN
6SEMESTRE B