r 1 ,'fO

— —

T. and T. Clark's Publicatio7is.

In demy 8i'o, price 10*. 6</.,

THE JEWISH
AND

THE CHRISTIAN MESSIAH:

A STUDY IN THE EARLIEST HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY.
By Prof. VINCENT HENRY STANTON, M.A.,
TRINITY COLLKGE, CAMBRIDGE.

'Mr. Stanton's book answers a real want, and will be indispensable to students of the
origin of Christianity. We hope that Mr. Stanton will be able to continue his labours
in that most obscure and most important period, of his competency to deal with which
he has given such good proof in this book.' Guardian.
'
We welcome this book as a valuable addition
to the literature of a most important
subject. . . . The book
remarkable for the clearness of its style. Mr. Stanton is never
is
obscure from beginning to end, and we think that no reader of average attainments will
be able to put the book down ^vithout having learnt much from his lucid and scholarly
exposition.' Ecclesiastical Gazette.

In One Volume, post %vo, price 7s. 6d.,

MESSIANIC PROPHECY.
The Prediction of the Fulrilment of Redemption through the Messiah.

A Critical Study of the Messianic Pannages of the Old Testament in the

Order of their Development.

By CHARLES AUGUSTUS BRIGGS, D.D.,

DA\'T:NP0RT PROFES-SOR of HEBREW, UNION THEOLOGICAI, SEMINARY, NEW YORK.

—
Note. This Work discusses all the Messianic passages of the Old Testament in a
fresh Translation, with critical Notes, and aims to trace the development of the Messianic
idea in the Old Testament.
—
The Kight Hon. W. E. Gladstone writes: 'On the pervading and multiform
character of this promise, see a recent, as well as valuable authority, in the volume of
Dr. Briggs, of the New York Theological Seminary, on "Messianic Prophecy."'
'Professor Briggs' Messianic Prophecy is a most excellent book, in which I greatly
rejoice.' — Prof. Franz Delitzsch.
'
All scholars will join in recognising its singular usefulness as a text-book. It has
been much wanted.' — Rev. Canon Cheynb.
'
Professor Briggs' new book on Messianic Prophecy is a worthy companion to his
indispensable text-book on "Biblical Study." ... He has produced the first English
text-book on the subject of Messianic Prophecy which a modern teacher can use.'—
The Academy.
 — — — , —— —

T. and T. Clark's Publications.

In Tivo Vols., croim Svo, price 16.5.,

THE
APOSTOLIC AND POST-APOSTOLIC TIMES.
Their Diversify and Unify in Life and Docfrine.l

By G. V. LECHLER, D.D.
Cljirti (!ct(iti0n, t!)0rouc[]^lg IxebtsclJ antJ Ee ^ritten.
=

Translated by A. J. K. DAVIDSON.

'
In the work before Lechler works out this conception with great skill, and with
us,
ample historical knowledge. He has had the advaiJtage of all the discussions
and critical
of these forty years, and he has made good use of them. The book is up to date; so
thoroughly is this the case, that he has been able to make room for the results which
have been won for the early history of Christianity by the discovery of the "Didacb^,"
and of the discussions to which it has given occasion. Nor is it too much to say that
Dr. Lechler has neglected nothing fitted to throw light on his great theme. The work
is of the highest value.' Spectator.
'
It contains, a vast amount of historical information, and is replete with judicious
remarks. . . . By bringing under the notice of English readers a work so favourably
thought of in Germany, the translator has conferred a benefit on theology.' Athenmim.
Scholars of all kinds will welcome this new edition of Dr. Lechler 's famous work.
'

It has for long been a standard authority upon the sul'ject which it treats. The . . .

book has not only been "revised," but actually "re-written" from end to end.' Litcrarii
World.

Just published, in crmvn Sro, price 5.?.

THE SERVANT OF THE LORD,

IN ISAIAH XL-LXVI.
Reclaimed to Isaiah as the Author from Argument, Structure, and Date.

By JOHN FORBES, D.D., LL.D.,

r.MKKITUS PK0I<ESS01t OF OKIKNTAL LANGUAGES, ABEltUIOKN.

'Remarkable for a lucidity and a facility of expression not often found.' Ecclesiastical
Gazette.
'
A truly wonderful piece of \\or]i.'—C1iurch Bells.
'
The venerable author deserves the thanks ot all biblical students for tin's luminous

and forcible defence of Isaiah's authorship of the whole prophecy. His arguments arc
to our mind unanswerable.' London Quarterly Review.
'Dr. Forbes' commentary and translation will be found useful and suggestive, nnd wo
admire the courage and enthusiasm which have enabled him to complete such a task at
the advanced age of eighty-sevon.' Scotsman.
 INDEX

SCHURER'S HISTORY OF THE JEWISH

PEOPLE IN THE TIME OF CHRIST.

STransIateti 62

Eev. JOHN MACPHERSON, M.A..

EDINBURGH:
T. k T. CLARK, 38 GEORGE STREET.
1891.
 PRINTKD BV MORRISON AND OIBB,

FOR

T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH.

LONDON HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO.
DUBLIN, nEOROE HKRBERT.
NEW YORK SC-RIBNER AND WELFORD.
 PREFATORY NOTE.

In accordance with the strongly expressed wish of Professor

Schiirer, his elaborate and carefully compiled Index has been
faithfully reproduced in English for the benefit of students of

his History of tlie Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ.

The need of an Index for so extensive and thorough-going a,

treatise as that which has now been completed in five English

volumes, will be apparent to all who are in any measure
acquainted with the work. The English edition has been
issued almost contemporaneously with the German, the last
two volumes having been translated from proof-sheets for-

warded by the author from time to time as the printing of

the original advanced.
The figures used in the Index references indicate respect-
ively the Division (l. Ii.), the volume in each Division
(i. i. ii. ; II. i. ii. iii.), and the page.
At the end of this volume are given the Additions and
Corrections which Professor Schiirer wishes to be made to

Division II. Those supplied by the author for Division I.

are given at the close of vol. ii. of that Division.

JOHN MACPHERSON.

FiNDHORX, Forres,
20tA Dece7nber 1890.
 —

CONTENTS.

PAQS

Index A. Scripture Passages, 1

Index B. — Hebrew Words, .

Index C— Greek Words,

Index D. — Names and Subjects,
Additions and Corrections to Division IL,
A HISTORY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE.

INDEX.
A.— SCEIPTURE PASSAGES.

Genesis.
 A. — SCRIPTURE PASSAGES.
XXV. 29-31,
xxvii., . .
A. SCEIPTUEE PASSAGES.
 A. SCKIPTURE PASSAGES.

1. 11-21, . .
 -SCRIPTURE PASSAGES.

ii. 14,. . . .
 A.— SCRIPTURE PASSAGES.

xii. 6, . . .
 A. SCRirTURE PASSAGES.

vii. 51), . .
-^IEBRE^V WORDS.
 HEBREW WOKDS.

pS, . . . II. ii. 78, 82. r-is Tim,

II. i. 264. \y-n,

II. ii. 75,

mns fiSv II. ii. 170.
nmn'' m,
u. i. 357.
II. i. 311.
I. i. 300.

II. ii. 67.

r\:hn,
n-T'a, . . II. i. 267.
3X n^3, II. i. 221.
Nn33 1^D2n,
II. i. 169-172.
nD3Dn r)'2, II. ii. 68.
II. i. 325, ii. CO.
-ISDH n^i II. ii. 49, 50.
II. i. 237.
133 p, •
II. i. 300.
DDJDn •'32, II. ii. 58.
T-yn '•33, II. ii. 57.
II. ii. 51.
I. i. 133.
II. ii. 88.

n?S3, on coin^ I. ii. 385, 386.

r\\>i'^ ^S2J, II. ii. 66.
nr2j, . . II. i 43.
p^ nj, • II. i. 23.
.

nnnr:, • II. i. 264.

n^j, . . II. i. 191.

nrj' n-iT3, II. i. 336,

Dijn^j, . II. ii. 183.

NIVJ, . •
II. ii. 315.

nivj, • II. ii. 315.

I. ii. 26 f.

py p, •
II. ii. 183.
2C"in -11 n. ii. 316-319.
II. ii. 316 f.
II. ii. 316-319.
Dnj, . . II. ii. 315.
II. i. 43.

n^MH "-121, II. i. 334.

II. i. 314, 333.
II. i. 22.
pn, . . . II. i. 334.
nyST, . . . II. i. 43.
C'm, • • . II. i. 348.
 10 B. HEBREW WORDS.

D^^, something
devoted, . . ii. i. 246.
II. i. 330,339, 341.
Din, exclusion
from the ha. nyin, . II. ii. 54, iii. 16.
Church, , . II. ii. 60. II. i. 184.
I. i. 41.

I. i. 41.

nnrjD, . . . II. i. 112.

See "Washing" in II. ii. 74.

Index D. n^^o, . . . II. 319.
ii. See
T)2\2, month, I. ii. 363. also " Circum-
II. ii. 113. cision" in Index
n^^D, . . . II. ii. 113. D.
II. ii. 88.
D30, . . . I. ii. 66, 71.
II. ii. 171.
i^vp, ' II. i. 275.
nninS Jewish, ii. 332.
DTiijvo, .. . II. i. 271.
nin% pronounced
Nnpo,^ . . II. i. 333.
in the temple
ID) l^ocprj, . I. ii. 93.
as it spells, . ii. i. 29G.
II. i. 9.
not
pro-
rti'mo, montl I. ii. 363.
nounced in
T]Vl"0, . . . I. i. 204.
the synagogue
II. i. 9, ii. 158.
worship, . . II. ii. 82.
hui::), . . . II. iii. 24.
II. i. 220.
njc^D, . . I. i. 119 f. ; II. i.

324.
nni3, . . . II. i. 42.
I. i. 120.
II. i. 6.
II. ii. 81.
II. i. 278, 283.
II. i. 229.
TIJ3, . . . II. i. 272.
II. ii. 68. hi,. . . II. i. 272.
II. ii. 74.
II. i. 253, 300.
DDja, . . . . II. ii. 58. See also n. ii. 61.

n^3, '•32,
Dm:, . II. i. 253, 300.
irn,
p>,, month. I. ii. 363.
II. i. 354. II. i. 180-184 ; on
coins, I. ii. 386.
'ho^, month, I. ii. 363.
II. ii. 315.
II. i. 45.
II. i. 225 f., 273.
II. i. 154, 155.
II. ii. 320.
II. i. 155.
II. i. 326. pD, . u. i. 257-259.
cnpn ^nna II. i. 311. II. i. 348.
DnniD: II. i. 314, 333.
)VD, month, I. ii. 363.
I. ii. 179.
NT'D, . II. iii. 25.
I. i. 300.
D^D, . II. i. 44.
II. i. 10.
II. i. 177.
nnjn nac-^, II. i. 190. m^yo, II. ii. 174.
B. HEBREW WORDS. 11
12 C. GREEK WORDS.

C— GREEK WORDS.
 ' .

C. — GREEK WORDS. 13

yeuYi ecpxupi''"', i^iopx, n-nD3N, H. i. 34.

ys'j/Of upxii- iii/iy/lTXi 'TO

pa.Tix.6u, . . 11. i. 204, 205. plUV VOfAUV, II. i. 314.

•yepovaioc, See " Gerusia iTrotpxos, . . I. ii. 45 li. i. 66.
;

Index D. I. ii. 93 (Philo in

yspovatKpxyi;, Flacc. § 8).
yipovatxp'x^av, 248.
II. ii. iTTij'Avroc, II. ii. 316.
ynopeig, . . . 315.
11. ii. I. i. 204.
yiupug, . . See yiiapxs. iTTirpo'^os,
yXuaaoKOfcov, II. i. 31.

II. i. 46. kTrhpoTog,

yi/api/u,ot, II. i. 177. title of state

yo'Ayodx, II. i. 9.
official, . I. i. 378, ii. 45.
II. i. 313, 314. spxvoi, II. ii. 254.
ypotf^fcotrtig,
evdiiSy;;, as title, I. ii. 162, 343.

k(pyif<.spia, fCPn
fispis, . . II. i. 221.
II. i. 9.
A (to x.akovfAivri
Ai'hTot.) = the
fourth city-
district of
^x fiiov^'hii
Alexandria, . II. ii. 230.
fitov, II. ii. 250.
'ha.'Kff.a.Tix.vi,
I. ii. 80.
;vp^L5cSn, II. i. 44. II. i. 42.
luy^ct, NDjn, II. i. 46.
See avuoKwot.
oix.x Tvponoi, II. i. 145.
I. ii. 55.
ijyifiovix,
'hlVTipOU, hlVTS
II. i. 31.
purji' OSUTC 31
iiyifiuv, JIDJii, . II. i. ; I. ii. 264,
puTiJi, I. i.119, 120 ; II.
276.
i. 324.
'/lyt^uuv =praeses,
OYIUOCpiOV, "l^n, II. i. 39.
as title of
0/06 fil'oV, II. ii. 250. Roman
.
the
Ot»di]x.yi, ^pWl, II. i. 32. See also governor. I. ii. 45.
"Testament" in
Index D.
II. i. 41.See also 6.

" D i h ni a
d rac
II. i. 43.
tax" in Index D. II. i. 46, ii. 74.
d^>cYi, pTl, . •

II. i. 178. 254.

Sixaoi, II. ii.

dvpx apxix., . II. i. 35, 280.

6vpi6iy D''"in, II. i. 31.

iilua.p)cyi;, I. i. 378 ; II. ii.

244.
II. ii. 58 f. II. i. 46.
'E'K'hnviari, hpx Kui oiav'hog, See "Asylum
II. ii. 284. (right of) ii

E'ACul, II. i. 10. Index D.

if/.-^i'hioe.. tipnypx/iif^XTtii;, II. i. 314.
II. i. 44. iipo-ipx'Krxi, . . II. i. 271.
ivaccpuf.ci'A, I. i. 265. /(70S-0>\<Tf/o£, , . II. i. 148.
 '

14 C. GREEK WORDS.

^fiTpoT^o'hti, . . See " Metropolis

in Index I)
246.
KuSipaiov,
x.cc6ilpot, nimp,
. II. iii.

II. i. 45.
u,iaduaig, ... I. li. iO.

I^ovo%u'Kyi;^'\'^Z'0, II. i. 38.

Kxdriyopog,
II. i. 32.
Kcclpos, DIT'p, . II. i. 45.
Kihu/no;, D"ID7p, II. i. 37.
II. 1 272.
PCOifiTTrpCi,
46. vxvvo;, 033} • II. i 46.
N-lD!Dp, . • 11. i.

45.
ViOlKOpOl, . II. i 273.
x.ii.vvx3o;, D133p, II. i.
II. i 45.
KXTUtpipT;;,
1/OfilX.oi, . II. i 314.
D^DDP, . . II. i. 47.
II. i 314.
I. ii. 69,
XJJTOJ, .... II. i. 15. voiu,og, embrac-
ing also the
KlfiUTOg, . . . II. ii. 74.
KiSoipi;, . II. i. 36.
Prophets and
the Poetical
KidxpiaTXi, . II. i. 271.
Writings, . i. 312.
KlUVpX, . . . II. i. 272.
x,ir pio v = i)'\r\ii, I. i. 300.
ii. 377. See
KolpOCVTYi;, . . II. i. 40.
"NewJMoon" in

x.ot'j6v of Jeru-
Index D.
salem, . . . II. i. 172.
x,opiioLiix.g, II. i. 9.
x.poca'Tiriha,, II. ii. 112. 34.
ihoi, N'^DDS, • II- 1-
Kvjiilx, N'^mp, . II. i.

II. i. 271.
36.
gt/aToV, ... II. i. 191.

II. i. 239.
KUfC'fl, .... II. i. 154, 160 f.
x.uu.i'Tr'i'Kiu . II. i. 154, 161. 'Uli II. i. 44.
OlX.OV^UiVYl

A.
Luke, . I. ii. 112, 142.
ovpctuoi, me-
II. i. 31. tony for
II. i. 40. God, . . . II. ii. 171.
A?j(7T^?, D''DD7, • II. i. 46. II. i. 31.
II. ii. 57, 276.
Xiyta. lix.oi, the
ten CO m-
luaiiJmeuts,. II. iii. 342 II'. •zxAiyyiViaioc, . II. i. 177 ;
also
Addenda in
Index vol.
'77oi.vdt.piTo:ao^i(x., II. iii. 27, 28.
fixuauu.;, . . II. 1. 9. xavSoxt/ofj^piJIDjIl. i. 34.
l.i.v.DU.'j ddot, . . II. i. 9. 7:-a.pa.liiao;, . . II. ii. 183.
,a«o/v, ... I. ii. 9.3. vxpocK^nTO:,
f^apavwioy, PjlVIDj H- i- 46. \yhp-\^, • II. i. 32.
f^iycc;, in what -TTxpslpct, pITmS, II. i. 3;
scn.se Herod 7rct<jx,ct, . II. i. 9.

so called, . . i. i. 467. Trariip aS title, See " Abba " and

fciyct; (ixaO^iii;, I. ii. 162. "Pater" in In-

/i<,ipiOixpx,yi;, . • I. i- 243. dex D.
Mscratoig, ... II. i. 9. TTXTpiX, . II. i. 221.
^inrpoKufiioi, . II. i. IGl. ViVTXiTfipi:, II. i. 20.
 -GREEK WORDS. 15

vcpuK-^, '•pDISN,
16 C. GREEK WORDS.

nrpxpxini', • •
 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 17

D.—NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Those passages in whicli the fullest treatment of the sul>ject in question

is to be found are distinguished by an asterisk. — In classifying names
under the letters C and K, attention has been given to the most approved
English orthography, and where the practice of translators of Divisions
I. and 11. differs, entries have been made under botli letters.

history in Eupolem UP, ii. iii. 210 ;

history in Pliilo the Epic poet,

Aaron's sons alone have the privi- 223 history in A])polonius
II. iii. ;

lege of priesthood, ii. i. 209 f., Molon, II. iii. 253 history in ;

224, 225. Philo the philosopher, II. iii.

Ab, Hebrew month, i. ii. 3G.3. 335 ff., 341 ; conip. also Josephus
Ab beth-din, title, II. 1. 180-184. and Book of Jubilees reference ;

Abadim, Talmudic tract, i. 1. 144. to in pseudo-Orpheus, ll. iii. 299 ;

Abba, title, ii. i. 316. Conip. also treatise of Hecataeus about, ii.
fater. iii. 296, 305 ff. ; apocryi^hal
Abba Areka, disciple of XL Judali, treatises about, ii. iii. 143.
I. i. 134. Abraham's children, prerogatives of,
Abba Gorion or Gurjan II., ii. i. according to Philo, li. iii. 369 ;

316. proselytes not allowed the name

Abba Gorion I., Midrash of, i. i. of, II. ii. 326.
149. Abtaljon, ii. i. ISO, 353, 359.
Abba Saul, i. i. 127 ii. i. 316, 378.
; Abtinas, priestly course engaged in
Abel, see Abila. preparation of incense, ii. i. 268.
Abia, one of the courses of the Abydenus, ii. iii. 282.
priests, ii. i. 219, 274. Aceo, Ace, see Ptolemais.
Abias, king of Arabia, i. ii. 359. Acme, female Jewish slave of the
Abida, ii. i. 105. Empress Livia, ii. ii. 38.
Abila, various places of this name, Acra, citadel of Jerusalem in Epistle
II. i. 104. of Aristeas, ii. iii. 310 history ;

Abila in Decapolis, i. 1. 307 ; ii. i. in Maccabean age, i. i. 206,* 222,

104, 105 ; coins and era of, ii. i. 236, 241, 245, 247, 253, 262, 270 ;
105. its position, i. i. 206 f,, ii. 238 ;
Abila Lysania, and Abilene, I. ii. levelling of the hill of the, i. i.
335-339 Lysaniii, situation and
; 262.
coins, I. ii. 336. Acrabatta, capital of a toparchy,
Aboda sara, Talmudic tract, i. i. 124. II. i. 157-161 besieged by Ves-
;

Aboth, Tract, see Pirke Aboth. pasian, I ii. 232 ; another in the
Aboth derabbi Nathan, Tract, i. L south of Judea, I. i. 220 ; II. i.
143. 158.
Abraham, legends about, ii. i. 342 ;
Actia Dusaria in Adraa and Bostra,
as astrologer, ii. i. 342, iii. 206 ;
II. i. 22.
history in Artapanus, ii. iii. 206 ;
Actian games, when celebrated, I. i.

history in Cleodenius, ii. iii. 210 ; 409.

18 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Actium, battle of, i. i. 344 f., 427. Agada, see Ilaggada.

Adam, Legends about, li. i. 342 Agadath Cliasit'h, I. i. 148.
;

books oF, II. iii. 147 f. lii.s sin Agadath Megilla, i. i. 149.
•,

and its consequences to mankind, Agnitos (Egnatius ?), Roman gover-

II. iii. 89 f. nor, I. ii. 264.
Adar, Hebrew montb, i. ii. 363 Agoranomos, ii. i. 164.
;

first and second, I. ii. 371. Agriculture, grain a chief product

Adasa, place so named, i. i. 229. of Palestine, il. i. 41 tithes of ;

Adda, R., in Sura, i. ii. 372. produce of soil to priests, ii. i.

Adiabene, conversion of royal family 233 main occupation of the ;

to Judaism, ll. ii. 308-311. E.ssenes, ii. ii. 197.

Adida, place so named, l. i. 251 f.,* Agrigentum, Jews dwelling there,
254, 304, ii. 231. il.^ii. 242.
Adin, family, 253. ii. i. Agrippa, Marcus, friend and son-in-
Adora in Iduniea, i. i. 254, 280.* law of Augu.stus, his influence
Adraa in Batanea, i. ii. 11 ; " h.-x.ii» and doings in the East, i. i. 349 ;

Aovauptcx. there, ll. i. 22. Herod visits him twice in Asia

Adramyttium, Jews there, ii. ii. 2G1. Minor, l. i. 409, 411, 452; at
Aegina, Jewish inscriptions there, Jerusalem, l. i. 411, 452 sacrifices ;

II. ii. 65, 232. at Jerusalem, ll. i. 302 presents ;

Aelia Capitolina, I. ii. 291, 294, 315- gifts for adornment of Jerusalem,
317 ;entrance forbidden to the II. i. 305 protects the Jews in
;

Jews, I. ii. 315; worship and Asia Minor, ii. ii. 262 returns ;

coins, 316.
I. ii. to Rome, l. i. 411 his map of ;

Aelius Gallus, campaign against the world, I. ii. 117 Ayoi-^-^yiTiot, ;

'

Arabia, i. i. 406, 407, 453. Jewish assemblies in Rome, ii. ii.

Aelius, L. Lamia, i. i. 360-362. 248.
Aemilius, M. Scaurus, general of cVgrippa I., Jewish king, life before

Pompey, i. i. 318, 324 ; governor ascending the throne, l. i. 361,

of Syria, l. i. 328,* 372 conquers
•
Aretas, king of Arabia, i. i. 328,
ii. 353 ; brings sea monster fiom
Joppa to Rome, ii. i. 15.
; 364, ii. 150-155 ; receives in
spring A.D. 37 tetrarchies of
Philip and Lysanius, i. ii. 16,
153, 336 in autumn A.D. 38 goes
;

Aemilius Secundus, lieutenant of from Rome by Alexandria to

Quirinius, i. i. 357, ii. 339. Palestine, i. ii. .37, 92, 95 receives ;

Aeneas = Aretas IV. in beginning of A.D. 40 the

Aequus Modius, i. ii. 200. tetrarchy of Antipas, i. ii. 36-
Aerari\tm in Rome, i. ii. 65. 38 ; at Rome again in winter
'

Aeschylus, forged verses ascribed to, A.D. 40-41, I. ii. 101-103, 152 ;
'

II. i'ii. 298. receives also Samaria and Judea,

Aethicus Ister, l. ii. 118. I. ii. 103, 154 reign, i. ii. 155- ;

Aetolia, Jews residing in, ii. ii. 222. 165 letter to

; Caligula com-
Africa, derivation of the name, ii. municated by Philo, I. ii. 82,
iii. 210. 101 f., II.high piiesta ii. 222 ;

Africanus, Julius, probably used appointed by, ii. i. 119 inscrip- ;

Justusof Tiberias in his Chronicle, tions, I. ii. i5.5, 162 coins, i. ii. ;

I. i. 68, 307, 390, 391 on the ;

155, 161 f. title, i. ii. 162 ;
death ;

descent of Herod, i. i. 314 on ;

and account of it, i. ii. 163.
the additions to Daniel, ii. iii. Agrippa IL, Jewish king, i. ii. 191-
184, 185 on the times of Moses,
;
'206,* compare I. ii. 165, 168,
II. iii. 260in consequence of his
;
173, 185, 209, 210, 211, 218, 220 ;
representations Emmaus, under (1) gifts of territory, i. ii. 192,
the name of Nicopolis, is raised 343'; (2) gifts of territory, I. ii.
to a city, i. ii. 254. 193, 336, 340 ; (3) gifts of terri-
 — —

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 19

tory, I. ii. 194 (4) gifts of terri-

;
legends about, I. i. 187 ; coins
tory, I. ii. 201 high priests ; of,in Palestinian cities, II. i. 74,
appointed by, il. i. 200 f. years ; 84, 91, 96, 111, 120.
of his reign variously stated, i. Alexander Balas, duration of his
ii. 192 f.,"l93 f. ; inscriptions, i. reign, I. i. 175 ascends the ;

ii.162, 192, 193, 195 ; coins, i. throne, i. i. 240-243 relations ;

ii.192, 195, 202 ; name, i. ii. 191, with the Jews, i. i. 240-245 ;

192 ; policy, i. ii. 196 ; private character, i. i. 243 death, I. i. ;

life, I. ii. building of

195, 204 ; 244 f.
temple, I. ii. 198 ; title, i. ii. 196 ;
Alexander Zabinas, duration of
year of death, i. i. 92, ii. 205 ;
liis reign, i. i. 178f.; secures to
relations with Josephus, I. i. 83. himself sovereignty, i. i. 280 ;
Agrippa, son of King Alexander, his cognomen Zabinas, i. i. 280 ;
see Julius Agrippa. his death, i. i. 281.
Agrippa, son of Felix and D/usilla, Alexander JanuJius, reign, i. i.
I. ii. 177. 295-307;* chronology, i. i.
Agrippa Simonides, son of 273 the name Janniius =
;

Josephus, I. i. 82. Jonathan, i. i. 305 conflicts ;

Agrippeion or Agrippias, city with Pharisees, i. i. 298-301 ;

(Anthedon), i. 435, ii. i. 72.i. coins, I. i. 305 Jannjius in ;

'AyptTT'Tilijtot, II. ii. 248. Jewish legends interchanged

Agrippina, wife of Claudius, on with Herod, i. i. 384, 467.
Palestinian coins, i. ii. 78, 175. Alexander, son of Aristobulus IL,
Agrippinas, city on the east of pretender, I. i. 324, 372, 374,
the Jordan, i. ii. 176. 376.
Ake, see Ptolemais. Alexander, son of Herod, i. i. 408-
Akiba, R, ii. i. 375,* comp. i. 415, 455-461.
i. 126, II. i. 309, 315, 323, Alexander, king (of house of
327, 335, 370, 372 ; announces Herod), on inscription at
Bar-Cochba as Messiah, i. ii. 299 ;
Ephesus, I. ii. 162.
death by martyrdom,
Mishna of, i. i. 130.
i. ii. 312 ; —
Alexander (2) Other persons
Alexander Polyhistor, ii. iii. 191-
:

Akkaron, see Ekron. 200 used the Jewish Sibyl-

;

Akko, see Ptolemais. lines, II. iii. 199, 282, 288.

Ala, organization generally, i. ii. 49 ;
Alexander, Alabarch, ii. ii. 280,
Ituraeorum, i. ii. 340 f.; i^ehaden- iii. 323 nephew of Philo, ll. iii.
;

orum, I. ii. 62. 323 see Tiberius Alexander.

;

Alabanda in Caria, home of Apol- Alexander the Zealot, about A.D.

lonius ]\Iolon, ii. iii. 252. 50, I. ii. 172.
Alabarchs in Egypt (Arabarclis), ii. Alexandra Salome, wife of Aristo-
ii. 280. bul us I. and Alexander Janniius, \
Albinus, procurator, i. ii. 188. I. i. 294 her reign, i. i. 308-
;

Alcimus = Jakim, the high priest, 312;* chronology, i. i. 273;

I. i. 227 f., 230, 234-236.' called also Salina, i. i. 309 ;

Alesia, besieged by Caesar, i. ii. 241. coins, I. i. 308.

Aleuas divides Thessaly into four Alexandra, daughter of Hyrcanus
parts, I. ii. 7. II., mother-iu-law of Herod,

—
Alexander ( 1 ) Kings and princes
Alexander the Great conquers
:
I. i. 397, 401, 405, 4201",
430 f.

Gaza, II. i. 68 Hellenizes Sa- ; Alexandreion, fortress, i. i. 320, 372,

maria, II. i. 123 sacrifices in ; 436.*
Jerusalem, i. i, 187, ii. i. 301 ;
Alexandria, the five city divisions,
settles Jews in Alexandria, ii. II. ii. 229 the Jews there, ii. ii.
;

ii. 227 Jewish Alexandrian

; ,
226-230 * position of the Jews'
;
20 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

(quarter, ii. ii. 22G-230 constitu- ; Amosis, kinf^ of Egypt in time of

tion of tlie Jewish community, Moses, II. iii. 260.
II. ii. 244 f. ; citizen rights of Amphitheatre, see Games.
the Jews, ii. ii. 271 f.; Jewish Ananel, high priest = Chanamel, i.
Araharchs, ii. ii. 280 f. ; enmity i. 420 II. i. 197.
;

between Jews and Gentiles, ii. ii. Ananias, son of Onias IV., general
273 numerous synagogues, i. ii.
;
of Cleopatra, i. i. 297 ii. ii. 279. ;

93, 95, II. ii. 73, 282 the great ;

Ananias, son of Nedebiius, high
synagogue formed like a Basilica, priest, II. i. 200. Comp. I. ii. 188,
II. ii. 70 special festivals of
; 189, 211 ; II. i. 182, 202.

Alexandrian Jews, ii. ii. 257, iii.
'217,311 persecution under Cali-
;
gula, I. ii. 90-99 rebellions under
Vespasian and Trajan, i. ii. 283
during the rebellion under Trajan
the city is partly laid waste, I. ii.
282 Jewish Hellenistic litera-
; 202, 204.
ture, II. iii. 156-381 synagogue of
Alexandria as in Jerusalem, ii. i,
Ananias, Jewish merchant in Adia-
bene, il. ii. 313.
; Ananias, see also Chananiah.
;
Ananos, family, ii. i. 204.
Ananos, son of Seth, high priest (in.
N. T., Annas), ii. i. 182, 198,*
; Ananos, son of former high priest,
11. i. 201,* comp. I. ii. 186, 214,

49, ii. 57, 73. 228, 229 II. i. 182 f., 204.
;

Alexandria on the Gulf of Issus, Anapa in Crimea, inscription there,

I. ii. 219. II. ii. 226 is not Jewish.
; See
Alityrus, Jewish actor, I. i. 78, ii. Addenda in Index vol.
239. Anatolius, Christian writer, i. ii.

Alms, receivers of, ii. ii. 66. 371, II. iii. 238, 241.
Altar of burnt-offering, ii. i. 282, Ancyranum Monumentum, i. i. 115.
251 f., I. i. 208, 217 of incense, ;
Andrew, officer of Ptolemy Phila-
II. i. 281, 289, 293-295. delphus in the Epistle of Aristeas,
Am-haarez, ii. ii. 8, 22 f. II. iii. 307 leader of the Jews in
;

Amarkelin, 263. ii. i. Cyrene, i. ii. 284.

Amatlia, error in text of Josephus, Andromachus at the court of Herod,
Antiq. xvii. 10. 6, II. i. 141. I. i. 442.
Amathus, fortress under rule of the Andromeda-myth at Joppa, il. i. 15.
tyrant Theodorus, ii. i. 60 ; con- Andros, island, l. ii. 95.
quered by Janniius, i. i. 297 ;
Angels, fall, according to Gen. vi.
destroyed, i. i. 301 ; site of a in Book of Enoch, II. iii. 56 ;

Synedrium, I. i. 372. doctrine of Pharisees, il. ii. 14 ;

Ambrosius, M., procurator, i. ii. of Essenes, ii. ii. 204 of Book of ;

81. Enoch, II. iii. 56, 57 of Book of ;

Aml>rose quotes Philo, ll. iii. 329; Jubilees, ii. iii. 137 seventy over ;

whether Latin version of Wars Gentile world, ii. iii. 63.

of Jews is by him, i. i. 101. Angitos (Agnitos), I. ii. 264.
Amen, responsive, ii. ii. 78, 82. Animal images forbidden, see
Amicus populi Romani, I. i. 440. Images worship, Egyptian, in-
;

Amman = Philadelphia, ii. i. 119. troduced by Moses, ii. iii. 206.

Animaus = Emmaus. Annas, see Ananos.
Amnion, worship of, in the Hauran, Annius, L., officer of Vespasian, i. ii.
II. i. 23. 231.
Ammonites, Timotheus leader of Annius, Ptufus, procurator (Tineiua
the, I. i. 190 defeated by Judas Ilufus), I. ii. 81.
;

Maccabaeus, i. i. 220 rabbinical Anointing with oil omitted in rigid

;

statements about, ii. ii. 326. fasting, II. ii. 119 ;

quite aban-
Amoreans = Jewish scholars in time doned by Essenes, ii. ii. 199,
of Talmud, l. i. 133. 212.
 " ;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 21

Antaens, defeated by Hercules, ii. about, I. i. 17.3, 186; duration of

iii. 210. reign, i. i. 172 ; character, i. i.

Anthedon, 72-73,* comp.

city, II. i. 199-202 Egyptian campaign, i.
;

I. i. 195, 298, 306, 404, 428, 435 ;

i. 172 f., 205 f. undertakings ;

worship in, ll. i. 12 coins, ii. ; against the Jews, i. i. 202-233 ;

i. 73. plundering of temple of Jerusa-

Anthroponior|)liisms in the Bihlo lem, I. i. 205 death, l. i. 222 ;
;

explained bv Aristobulus, ii. iii. Alegillath Antiochui<, I. i. 165.

240. Antiochus V., Eu])ator, duration of
Antibius of Ascalon, philo.«opher, reign, i. i. 173 undertakings ;

II. i. 28. against the Jews, i. i. 225-227

Antichrist, ii. ii. 165. death, i. i. 226 f.
Antigonus, successor of Alexander Antiochus VI., jieriod of reign, i. i.
the Great, i. ii. 349, ii. i. 67. 176 set up by Trypho as pre-
;

Antigonus of Socho, scribe, ii. i. 356, tender, I. i. 248 murdered by ;

II. 32. Trypho, i. i. 256.

Antigonus, son of John Hyrcanus, Antiochus VII., Sidetes, period of
I. i. 28.3, 291. reign, i. i. 177 secures to himself
;

Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II., the sovereignty, i. i. 269 Par- ;

the last Asmonean, i. i. 324, 374, thian campaign and death, i. i.

378, 389 ; made king by the Par- 279 relations with the Jews, i. i,
;

thians, 390 ; his reign, i. i.

i. i. 269-279 during siege of Jerusa-
;

392-399;* his death, i. i. 398 f.; lem .sends a sacrifice, ii. i. 301.
his sister keeps fortress of Hyr- Antiochus VIII., Grypos, period of
cania, i. i. 436 ; his daughter reign, i. i. 179 title, I. i. 184 ; ;

marries Antipater, son of Herod, beginning of reign, i. i. 181 ;

I. i. 432, 455. struggles with Antiochus Cyzice-

'Avt/ox;-'^? ^^ Tlro7^tii.»i^i (add to nos, I. i. 281 by his daughter ;

literature De Saulcy, N^tmis-

: Laodice, ancestor of dynasty of
matic Chronicle, 1871, pp. 69-92 Commagene, i. i. 184 f, :

^'^^r les Munnaies dcs Antioche'ens Antiochus IX., Cyzicenos, period of

frapp^es hors d'Antioche), ii. i. 92. reign, i. i. 181; beginning of
'h'jTCOxu? ^p6;"l7r7rou, II. i. 100. reign, i. i. 282 character, i. i. ;

'Avrioxih "^po; toj 'Kpvaopoct ( = Ger- 282 supports Samaritans against ;

asa), II. i. 118. John Hyrcanus, i. i. 283.

'AvTio^s'i;, as title of inhabitants of Antiochus X., Eusebes, period of
Jerusalem, i. i. 203. reign, i. i. 182.
Antioch = Gadara, ii. i. 103. Antiochus XL, period of reign, i. L
Antioch in Pisidia, Jewish archi- 182.
synagogoi there, ii. ii. 65 ; "those Antiochus XII., period of reign, i. i.
wlio feared God " there, ii. ii. 307. 182 fights against Janniius and
;

Antioch in Syria, Jews there, ii. ii. the Arabian king, i. i. 303, ii.
225, 249, 271 ; citizen rights of 352 death, i. i. 303, ii. 352.
;

these, II. ii. 275; their "great Antiochus XIII., period of reign,
synagogue," ii. ii. 283 ; enmity I. i. 183.
between Jews and Gentiles, ii. ii. Antiochus of Commagene, related to
274 " those who feared God
; Seleucid dynasty, i. i. 184 in ;

there, li. ii. 307 buildings of ; time of Claudius and Nero, i. ii.
Herod, i. i. 437. 157, 159, 220 in time of Marc ;

Antiochus II., Theos, ii. i. 273. See Antony, i. i. 341, 395, 398.
also Addenda in Index vol. Antiochus of Ascalon, philosopher,
Antiochus III., the Great, ii. i. 59, II. i. 28.
ii. 226. Antipas, a Herodian, i. ii. 228.
Antiochus IV., Epiphanes, literature Antipas Herod, i. i. 416, 458, 463,
 ;

22 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

464, 466, ii. 2, 5 ; reign, i. ii. Antonius Felix, procurator, see

17-38, 151 ; character, I. ii. 19 ;
Felix.
marriage with Herodias, i. ii. Antonius Julianus, writer, i. i. 64.
21-23 date of that marriage, i.
;
Antonius Melissa, ii. iii. 326.
ii. 32 Jesus Christ, l. ii. 29-32
; ;
Apamea in Phrygia, Jews residing
inscriptions, i. ii. 17 : John the there, ii. ii. 261 in Syria, i. i.
;

Baptist, I. ii. 23-28 ; war with 247,* 269, 337; called also Pel la,
Aretas, I. ii. 32 f. ; coins, i. ii. 20, 114; census there, i. i. 357,
II. i.

comp. I. i. 466, ii. 38 founding ;

ii. 123.

of cities,I. ii. 18, 19 ii. i. 36-48 ; ;

Apellaios, see Months.
banishment and death, I. ii. 36-38. Aphairema, see Ephraim.
Antipater, Jewish ambassador, i. i. Aphrodisias, inscription there, ii. i.

249.
Antipater, father of Herod, descent,
I. i. 314 intrigue against Aristo-
;
bulus II., I. i. 315 prospers under
Hyrcanus II., I. i. 376, 383-386
death, i. i. 386.
Antipater, son of Herod, i. i. 411-
416, 455, 457-462; his wife
25.
Aphrodite, her worship in Aelia
Capitolina, i. ii. 317; her worship
;
in Ascalon, ii. i. 13; her worship
;
in Gaza, ii. i. 12; her worship in
the Hauran, ii. i. 23; her worship
in bath of Aphrodite in Ptolemais,
II. i. 18; =Astarte, II. i. 13; wor-

daughter of last Asmonean Anti- ship of Cvprian Aphrodite in

gonus, I. i. 432, 455. Athens, II. 'ii. 253, 300.
Antipater, courtier of Herod Anti- Aphtha, place so named, i. ii. 228.
pas, I. ii. 3. Apion, writer, I. i. 93 f. II. ii. 294, ;

ATiti])ater of Ascalon in Athens, i. i. iii. 257-261;* leads an embassy

315. of Alexandrians to Rome, i. ii.
Antipatris, city = Caphar.saba, ii. i. 96.
130, 131,* I. i. 303, 435, ir. 231. Apocalypse of St. John, did author
Antiquity of the Jews, ii. iii. 263. of Theodotion's translation use it?
Antistius, C, Vetus, i. i. 336, 385. _
II. iii. 174.

Antonia, citadel in Jerusalem, i. i. Apocalypses, Jewish, ii. iii. 49-133.

433 f., ii. 55, 209, 210, 238-242 Apocalyptics, nature of, ii. iii. 44-
connection with the temple, i. ii. 49; bearers of apocalyptic revela-
55; could be cut off, I. ii. 209, tions, II. iii. 44; content of the
comp. I. ii. 242; garrison in time apocalypses, ii. iii. 45; form of the
of procurators, i. ii. 55; the com- apocalypses, li. iii. 46; occasion of,
mander in A.D. 6-36 was keeper II. iii. 47.
of high priest's vestments, i. ii. Apocrypha of the Old Testament
76. (according to the views of the
Antonia, wife of Drusus, I. ii. 151. ProtestantChurch),editions, trans-
Antoninus Pius, emperor, inscrip- lations, and exegetical aids to
tion to his honour in Aelia (Jeru- them, II. iii. 9-13 Messianic ;

salem), i.ii. 316; Jewish rebellion
under, i. ii. 318; permits circum-
cision, I. ii. 292 II. ii. 268.
Antony, Marc, triumvir, serves under
hope, II. ii. 138; for details see
the several articles.
;
Apocrypha, lists of, ii. iii. 125.
Apollo, worship of, in Ascalon, ii. i.

Gabinius in Syria, i. i. 331, 372; 14; in Caesarea, ii. i. 17; in Dora,

after battle of Philippi, master of II.i. 17; in Gaza, in ii. i. 12 f.;

the East, I. i. 339-344, 387-404, Neapolis, i. ii. 267; in Raphia,

420-429; decrees in favour of the II. i. 12 ancestral
; god of the
Jews, I. i. 388; death, i. i. 345, Seleucidae, II. i. 17.
428. Apollodorus, chronographer, i. i.
Antonius, L., brother of the trium- 76.
vir, II. ii. 263. Apollonia in Palestine, ii. i. 83, i. i.
 — :

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 23

196, 303. See also Addemla in Aratus' Phaenomena, quotations by

Index vol. Jews and Christians, ii. iii. 295.
ApoUonia in Pisidia, i. i. 115. Ai-batta, district in Palestine, I. i.
Apollonius, general of Antioclius 192.
Epiphanes, I. i. 20G, 214. =
Arbela Arbad, Irbid,and its caves,
Apollonius, general in time of near the lake of Gennezaret, l. i.

Demetrius II., i. i. 244. 394; native place of Nittai, il. i.

Apollonius of Ascalon, historian, ii. 357; synagogue there, ii. ii. 71.
i. 28. Area, Arcae = Caesarea on the
Apollonius Molon, ir. iii. 251-254. Lebanon, i. ii. 201 f.
Apologetics, Jewish, ii. iii. 249-270. Archaeology, biblical literature on,
Apostoli, Jewish, ii. ii. 2G9, 290, I. I. i. 13, 14.
ii. 277. Archelais, village, i. ii. 41, 122 ;
Apostolic age, literature on the situation of, I. ii. 41.
chronology of, i. i. 21 f. Arclielaus, king of Cajjpadocia, i. i.
Apparitores, Roman, I. i. 61. 413, 456, 457 f.
Appellatio, Roman, i. i. 59 ; il. ii. Archelaus, a later king of Cai)pa-
278. docia, I. ii. 123.
Appian, Life and Works, r. i. 112; Archelaus, son of Herod, i. i. 416,
flies in time of Jewish rebellion 456 464, 465, ii. 1 f., 5 f.; reign,
from Egyi)t, i. ii. 281. l.X, 38-42;* called also Herod,
Apsines of Gadara, ir. i. 104. I. i. 39 ; high piriests under him,
Apuleius on Moses and other II. i. 198; coins, i. i. 39.

magians, u. iii. 150. Archelaus, son-in-law of Agrippa I.,

Apulia, Jews residing there, ii. ii. see Julius Archelaus.
242. Archi-synagogoi, ii. ii. 63-65 ; in
Aqueducts in Jerusalem, i. ii. 84, 85; Rome and Italy, ii. ii. 251;* title
II. iii. 223; at Jericho, i. ii. 41; given to women and children, ii.
at Kanata, ii. i. 107. ii. 65 ; in heathen religious
Aquila, Bible translator, ll. iii. 164, societies, ii. ii. 65 (see also
168-172;* scholar of Akiba, ii. i. Bulletin de Correspondence Hel-
376, iii. 170 = Onkelos, i. i. 157,
; le'nique t. yiii. 1884, 463 eq.);
II. iii. 172. whether used to designate
Afiuileia, i. i. 412 f., 457 ; Jews Christian office-bearers, Addenda
there : OvpixKiov cctto
'
AKovi'hiicc:, in Index vol.
242, 249.
II. ii. Archives, Roman library on the
Arab, place so named, ii. i. 366. capitol, I. i. 90.
Arabarchs in Egypt, ii. ii. 280. Archons, municipal, e.g. in Tiljcrias,
Arabia II. i. 145.
(1) Northern, Nabatean, or Pe- Archons, Jewish, in Alexandria, ii.
trean, history to a.d. 106, i. ii. ii. 245; in Autioch, ii. ii. 244; in

345-362; as a Roman province, Berenice, 246; in Rome and

ii. ii.

361; deities, ii. i. 22; Jews

I. ii. Italy, 249; annual election
II. ii.

residing there, ii. ii. 223. in September, il. ii. 250.

(2) Southern, campaign of Aelius Areios, see Areus.
Gallus, I. i. 407; geographical Areka, see Abba Areka.
literature, i. i. 407. 'Apkrxg, A.pi6oi.g, orthography of the
^

Arach, family, ii. i. 252. name, l. ii. 359.

Arachin, Talmudic tract, i. i. 124. Aretas I., prince of the Nabateans,
Aradus, Jews residing thei'e, ii. ii. I. ii. 350.
221. Aretas II. , king of the Nabateans,
Arak el-Emir, ii. i. 36. I. ii. 351.
Aramaic language in Palestine, li. i. Aretas III., B.C. 85-60, I. ii. 352-
8f. 355; on coins <^ihi70^yiv, I. ii. 353;
 D. -NAMES AND SUDJECTS.

conquererl Coele Syria, i. i. 182, LXX., n. iii. 160, 309, 310; on

303, ii. 352; fij^'lits cif^ainst Aris- the Jewish calendar (date of
tobulus II., I. i. 316-318; submits Passover), i. ii. 371; ii. iii. 240 f.;
to Scaurus, i. i. 329, ii. 353. quotes forged verses of Greek
Aretas IV. Aeneas, b.c. 9-a.d. 40, I. poets, II. iii. 295 f.
ii. 5, 13, 19, 22, 25, 30, 33, 89, Aristocracy, Jewish, ii. ii. 30, 39,
356-359 ;* literature about, i. ii. 42; constitution of Jewish com-
347 title " Kachemammeh," i. ii.
; monwealth, I. ii. 72. See also
359 inscriptions and coins, I. ii.
; Constitution.
359 held Damascus at the time
; Ariston, see Aristo.
of Paul's flight, I. ii. 354, 357 ;
Aristotle, meeting with a Hellenistic
.
II. i. 66, 98. Jew in Asia Minor, ii. ii. 225 ;
Areus, king of Sparta, I. i. 250. influence on Aristobulus, ii. iii.
Argos, Jews residing there, ii. ii. 239, 241 Nicolas of Damascus on
;

222. Aristotelian, i. i. 58, 62 f. ; pseudo-

Ariarthes, king of Cappadocia, i. i. Aristotelian treaties de phmtis
240. and TTtpl Koafiov, I. i. 63, ii. 170.
Aricia, Jews residing there, li. ii. Arka, see Area.
238. Armenia, campaign of Marc Antony,
Arimathia = Eamathaim, i. i. 245 f. I. i. 342, 422; C. Caesar sent
Aiisteas, epi.stle on origin of tliither, i. i. 354; war of Corbulo,
Septuagint, ii. iii. 160, 306-312;* I. i. 368 ; dynasty of Lesser
contents, ii. iii. 306-308; date of Armenia, see Cotys, Arutohu-
composition, ii. iii. 310; used by
Fathers of Church, ii. iii. 310; Armilus, Antichrist = Piomulus, ii.
MSS.editions and literature, ii. ii. 165. See Addenda in Index
312.
iii. vol.
Aristeas, historian, ii. iii. 197, 208. Arrian on the proselytes, li. ii. 323.
Aristo of Gerasa, ii. i. 29, 119. Arruntius, i. i. 363.
Aristo of Pel la, i. i. 69-72. Arsaces, name of Parthian kings, i.

Aristobulus I., son of John Hyrcanus, i. 269.

conquered Samaria, i. i. 283; Arsuph, see Apollonia.

i. i. 291-294; chronology, i.
reign, Art, plastic in Palestine, ii. i. 36;
273; called also Judas, i. i. 293.
i. iron art work in park of Herod,
Aristobulus II. (b.c. 69-63), i. i. I. i. 440.

310, 311 reign, i. i. 313-325;*

; Artabanus, king of Parthia, i. ii.
taken prisoner to Rome by Pom- 34.
pey, I. i. 324 later acts and ; Artapanus, writer, li. iii. 198, 206-
fortunes, I. i. 374; death, i. i. 376; 208; influence on Josephus, l. i.

mentioned in psalms of Solomon, 85.

II. iii. 19. Artavasdes, king of Armenia, I. i.

Aristobulus III., Asmonean prince 422.

and high priest, i. i. 401, 420, Artaxerxes Ochus, ii. ii. 223.
421; II. i. 197. Artemidorus, geographer, ii. i. 84.
Aristobulus, son of Herod, I. i. 408- Artemidorus, historian, of Ascalon,
415, 454-461. II. i. 28.
Aristobulus, brother of Agrippa I., Artemio, leader of Jews in Cyprus,
I. ii. 101. I. ii. 284.
Aristobulus, son of Herod of Chalcis, Artemis, worship of, in Damascus,
king of Lesser Armenia, i. ii. 342, II. i. 19; in Gerasa, ii. i. 20, 118;

343, comp. I. ii. 28. in Neapolis, i. ii. 267 in ;

Aristobulus of Chalcidice, I. ii. 343. Ptolemais, ii. i. 18; in Raphia, ii.

Aristobulus, Jewish philosopher, ii. i. 12.
iii. 237-243:* on the origin of the Artemisios, see Months.
 ; ;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 25

Aruch, rabbinical lexicon, li. ii. 23. Askalon, see Ascalon.

Ai'zaretli = terra alia, ii. ii. 170. Asmodeus in Tobit, ii. iiL 37, 44
As, Eoman coin, ii. i. 39. Asmoneans, see Hasmoneans.
Asaph, family of singers, ii. 1. Asochis, town, l. i. 296.
271. Asophon, town, i. i.296.
Ascalon, city, 74-76,* comp. I.
ii. i. Asor, see Hazor.
i. 195, 248, 306, 437, ii. 54; in the Asparagus, ll. i. 43.
Persian age subject to the Tyrians, Aspendos, i. i. 180.
II. i. 74; eras from B.C. 104 to 57, Aspis, I. i. 319, 329.
II. i. 75; worship, II. i. 13; was Ass worship ascribed to the Jews,
Herod's family from it ? I. i. 314 f. II. ii. 294, iii. 266.
Jews residing there, II. 1. 76 ;
Assuviptio Mositi, ii. iii. 73-83,* I.
enmity of Jews and Gentiles, ii. ii. 81 ;contents, ii. iii. 74-78
ii. 275; calendar, ii. i. 72; mer- date of composition, ii. iii. 78
chants from Ascalon in Athens standpoint, ii. iii. 79 use in ;

and Puteoli, i. i. 314 ; merchants Christian Church, ii. iii. 81 f.

of, in Delos {Bulletin de corre- editions and literature, ii. iii. 82 ;
spondance hellenique, t. viii. 1884, Messianic hope, li. ii. 144.
p. 128 sq., 133, 488 sq.) ; coins, ii. Assyrian = Syrian, ii. i. 104.
i. 74, 75, 76 ; celebrated writers, II. Astarte, worship in Aelia Capitolina,
i. 28 ;
games, il. i. 25, 26 ; wine, I. ii. 317 in Antliedon, ii. i. 12
;
;

II. i. 41. in Ascalon, ii. i. 13 in Caesarea, ;

Asclepios, worshijj of, in Ascalon, II. i. 17 in Gadara, ll. i. 20;

;

II. i. 13 f. = Aphrodite, ii. i. 13.

Asenath, wife of Joseph, ll. iii. 151. Aster, Claudia, Hierosolymitana cap-
Ashdod, see Azotiis. tiva, II. ii. 239.
Asia Minor, Jews there, ii. ii. 222, Astrology invented by Enoch, ii.
225,* 258, 263, 270, 273, 276, 282 ;
iii. 70 Abraliam a teacher of,
;

synagogue of those of Asia in II. i. 343, iii. 206, 211 in Book ;

Jerusalem, ii. i. 49, ii. 57. of Enoch, II. iii. 58.

See also districts and cities : Astypalaea, league of friendsliip
(1) Districts Asia, Bithynia, : with Rome, i. i. 232.
Cilicia, Galatia, Cappa- Asveros, corruption of text for
docia, Caria, Lycia, Varus, I. ii. 5.
Lydia, Pamphylia, Asylum (riglit oT), oi<jv-Ko; as title of
Phiygia, Pontus. Abila, II. i. 105 ; Diocaesarea, ii.

(2) Cities Adramyttium,

: i. 140 Dora, ii. i. 89 Gadara,
; ;

A p a m e a, C n i d u s, II. i. 103 Gaza, ii. i. 72 ; Hippus,

;

Ephesus, Halicarnassus, 11. i. 100 Ptolemais, ii. i. 92, 94 ;

;

Laodicea, Miletus, Scythopolis, ii. i. 112.

Myndus, Pergamum, Atargatis, worship of, in Ascalon,
Phaselis, Sardis, Side, II. i. 13. Comp. Addenda in
Smyrna, Thyatira. Index vol.
Add inscriptions from
to these : Athamisii Synopsis, ii. iii. 126.
Hypaepa, Corycos, Magnesia Athens, hegemony over the Phoe-
on Sipylus, Jasos {Revue des nician coast, II. i. 88 mint at ;

e'tud€sjuives,x. 1885, pp. 74-76, Gaza in the Persian age, ii. i. 68 ;

and Phocaca {ibid. xii. 1886, commercial colony of Athenians

p. 236 sq.). at Ake = Ptolemais in the time
Asideans, see Chasidees. of Demosthenes, i. i. 195 ii. i. ;

Asinius Pollio, consul in B.C. 40, i. 91 (on travels of Athenians to

i. 293, II. iii. 205 historical work, ; Judea on private business, see
I. 1. 51 f. receives sons of Herod
; Josephus, Antiq. xiv. 8. 5) foreign ;

into his house, i. 1. 456. merchants at, I. i. 314 ;

(more
26 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

materials in Corpus Inscript. Attic. vo/iio; as title of Abila, II. i. 105 ;

ii. 3, pp. 218-276 ibid. ill. 2, pp. ; Capitolias, i. ii. 267 ; Diocaesarea,
120-196) ; oriental religions in, II. i. 140 Dora, ii. i. 89 Gadara,
; ;

II. ii. 300 inscription of Sidonian

; II. i. 103 ; CJaza, ll. i. 72 ; Ptole-
king Straton, II. i. 84 ; inscrip- mais, II. i. 92.
tions for Herod and his family, Auxiliary troops, see alae, cohortes.
I. i. 437, ii. 204, 343 ; buildings Ava, heathen colonists in Samaria,
of Herod, i. i. 437 ; Jews in II. i. 6.

Athens and Attica generally, ii. Avillius, Flaccus, governor of Egyj)t,

ii. 222, 232, 282 Jewish inscrip- ; persecutor of Jews, i. ii. 91-95 ;
tion, II. ii. 232 " those who ; writing of Philo against him, il.
feared God" in Athens, II. i. 308. iii. 349-354.
Athenaeus, general of Antigonus, i. Aza = Gaza, ii. i. 68.
ii. 349. Azariah in Book of Daniel, prayer
Atliene, worship of, in Ascalon, ii. of, II. iii. 183-187.
i. 14 ; Caesarea, ii. i. 17 Damas- ; Azariah, Jewish commander in the
cus, II. i. 19 ; the Hauran, ii. i. times of the Maccaljees, l. i. 221.
23. Azizus, Arabian prince of time of
\\6riv» To^/nctiot at Kanatha, ii. i. 23. Pompey, i. i. 184.
Atheiiio, coniuiander under Cleo- Azizus, king of Emesa, l. ii. 176,
patra, I. i. 426. 197, II. ii. 308.
Athenobius, officer of Antiochus Azotus (Ashdod), city, ii. i. 76,*
Sidetes, i. i. 270. comp. I. i. 195, 221, 244, 306, ii.
Athronges, i. ii. 4. 7 worship there, ii. i. 14 Jews
; ;

Atonement, day of, I. i. 322. residing there, ii. i. 78 ; coins, u.

Attalus Perganiuui, i. i. 240.
II. of i. 78.
Attica, Jews residing there, ii. ii.
222. B
Atticus, governor of Judea, i. ii.
260. Baba bathra, Talmudic tract, I. L
Audynaios, see Months. 123.
Augusta Caesarea, ii. i. 85. Baba kamma, Talmudic tract, l. L
Augustamnica, Egyptian province, 123.
II. ii. 280. Baba mezia, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123.
Avyovarmioi, Jewish communities Babas and his sons, l. i. 431 ; other
at Rome, ii. ii. 247. men of that name, i. i. 431.
Augustus, ^ifixoTo;, title of Octavi- Baljylon, heathen colonists from
anus, I. i. 406 of Tiberius and
; thence in Samaria, ii. i. 6.
Livia, I. ii. 338 of Titus (in life-
; Babylonia, Jews residing there, li.
time of Vespasian), i. ii. 205 ; ii.' 223-225,* 290 rebellion under ;

cohors Augusta, I. ii. 53. Trajan, l. ii. 285 ; Babylonian

Augustus, see Octavianus. Jews settled in Batanea, I. ii. 13,
Aumu, the Syrian sun-god, ii. i. 23. 132, II. i. 4 Babylonian pap or
;

Auranitis or Hauran, district of sauce as food, ii. i. 42 tower ;

country, i. i. 409, 453, ii. 12 pagan ;

building, ii. iii. 210, 278, 282.
worship there, II. i. 21-23 Greek ; Bacchides, general under Demetrius,
inscriptions there, Li. 24 Na- ; I. i. 227, 228, 232, 233, 234, 235,

batean inscriptions, I. ii. 13, 347, 238.

356, 360. Bacchius, Judaeus, i. i. 319.
Authorities, relation of Pharisees Bacchus, see Dionysos.
to the Gentile, i. ii. 79, ii. ii. 17 ; Baison, see Beth-sean.
offerings and pravers for them, l. Bajanites, defeated by Judas Macca-
ii. 76 ii. i. 363, ii. 191.
;
bacus, I. i. 220.
Autonomy of cities, li. i. 64 ; uWo- Balas, see Alexander.
 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 27

Balsam, gardens at Jericho, i. i. great synagogue at Alexandria has

423 f. form of a, ii. ii. 70 f.
Bamidbar rabba, Midrasli, i. i. 148. Bassus, see Caecilius and Luciliua
Ban, curse, exclusion from the Bassus.
Church, II. ii. 60-G2,* 157. Batanea, district of country, i. i.
Banus, a hermit, i. i. 78. 409, 453, ii. 10,* 13 ; colony of
Baptism and ritual washings gene- Babylonian Jews there, i. ii. 13,
rally, II. ii. 106-111 the officiat- ; 132, II. i. 4 mixed population,
;

ing priests, II. i. 278 ; of proselytes, II. i. 2, 4 heathen forms of wor-

;

II. ii. 319-324. ship, II. i. 21-23.

Baraytha, i. i. 133 de - Rabbi ; Baths, a heathen institution, but
Elieser, i. i. 151. permitted to the Jews, ii. i. 33 :

Bar-Cochba (Simon), i. ii. 297; reigns public, visited by Antiochus Epi-

3|^ years, i. ii. 311 ; coins, i. ii. ])haues, i. i. 201 bath of Aphro-
;

299, 301 ;
persecutes the Chris- dite in Ptolemais, ll. i. 18, 53 of ;

tians, I. ii. 300. Gadara (warm springs), ii. i. 100 ;

Barcoziba =
Bar-Cochba. Callirrhoe, i. i. 463 Livias, ii. i.
;

Bargiora, Simon, i. ii. 232. 143 Tiberias, ii. i. 143 Levitical,

; ;

Barmizwa, ii. ii. 51. see Washings.

Barnabas, Epistle of, on temple Bathyra (see also Bathanea), i. ii.
building in Hadrian's time, l. ii. 203.
290 meaning of the 318 servants
; Beans, Egyptian, ii. i. 42 Cilician ;

of Abraham, ii. i. 349 vises the ; bean meal, ii. i. 42.

Book of Enoch, ii. iii. 70 had ; Beasts, why many regarded as un-
read the fourth Book of Ezra, ii. clean (according to Pliilo and
iii. 109. Aristeas), ii. iii. 270 fallen or ;

Bartholomew, Bartimaeus, for an- torn by beasts of prey not to be

alogous cases, see under Ben. eaten, ii. iii. 313.
Baruch : Bechoroth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 124.
(1) The Greek book, ii. iii. 188- Beer, Median and Egyptian, ii. i.
195 * contents and sources,
; 42.
II. iii. 189 f. date of com- ; Boisan, see Bethsean.
position, II. iii. 191 ; de- Bekiin, place so named, ii. i. 371.
pendence on Psalms of Bel and the Dragon, addition to
Solomon, ii. iii. 22, 192 ;
Daniel, ii. iii. 184-188.
read in synagogues on 10th Bemeselis, place so named, l. i. 302.
Gorpiaios, ii. iii. 193 used ; Bemidbar (Bamidbar), i. i. 148.
in the Christian Church, ii. Ben Asai (Simon), i. i. 127 il. i. ;

iii. 193 f. ascribed to Jere- ; 377.

miah, II. iii. 193. Ben Cosiba, see Bar-Cochlia.
(2) Apocalypse, ii. iii. 83 - 93 ;
Ben Gamla (Jesus, son of Gamaliel),
contents, ii. iii. 83-88 date ; II. i. 201,* 202, ii. 49 ; i. ii. 190,

of composition, ii. iii. 88- 228, 229.

91 relation to fourth Book
; Ben Nannos (Simon), i. i. 127; ii. i.
of Ezra, ii. iii. 89 editions ; 378.
and
literature, ii. iii. 92 ;
Ben Sakkai (Jochanan), ii. i. 366,*
Messianic hope, ll. ii. 150. comp. I. i. 126, 128, ii. 275; ll. i.

(3) Various apocrypha, ii. iii. 91 f. 323, 324, 335, 378.

Barzapharnes, Persian satrap, i. i. Ben Soma, ii. ii. 82.
389. Bench, see Furniture.
Bascama, place so named, i. i. 254. Bene-Barak, place so named, ii. i.

Basilides, priest on Carmel, I. ii. 323. 375.

Basilica generally, ii. i. 34 fiajiT^eio; ;
Benedictions of the Jews, see Prayer,
aroii, in the temple, II. i. 35 the ; Blessings, Grace.
28 D. NAMES AND SUBJECfS.

Berachoth, Talnuulic tract, i. i. 121. Beth-ulia, in the Book of Judith, ii.

Berea, place so named, i. i. 233. iii. 33.

Berenice, city in Cyrenaica, Jewish Beth-zachariah, i. i. 223.
inscription and constitution of Beth-zur, I. i. 216, 219, 220, 223, 23S,
Jews there, II. ii. 246. 241.
Berenice, daughter of Costobar and Betylia, see Beth-ulia.
Salome, mother of Agrip2)a I., i. Beza, Tahnudic tract, I. i. 122.
i. 456, ii. 151, 152. Bezetha, suburb of Jerusalem, I, ii.

Berenice, daughter of Agrippa I., 213, 239.

loved by Titus, i. ii. 164, 195-204, Bibulus, see Calpurnius Bibulus.
211, 342 inscription at Athens,
; Bikkurim, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122.
I. ii. 204.
. Bilga, one of the courses of the
Berenicianus, son of Herod of Chal- priests, ii. i. 219.
cis, I. ii. 342. Birds, miraculous, appear to Israelites
Bereshith rabba, Mid rash, i. i. 147. in desert, ll. iii. 227 if taken ;

Beroa in Syria, i. i. 182. from nest, mother to be left, ii. iii.

Berur-Chail, place so named, li. i. 313 I. i. 440.
;

366. Birkath hamminim, ii. ii. 89.

Beryllus, secretary to Nero, l. ii. Birthday festival, i. ii. 26, 158.
184. Bithynia, Jews residing there, il. ii.
Berytus, Roman
colony from B.C. 222 cheese from, ii. i. 43.
;

15, 460
I. buildings there of
i. ;
Bitther, see Beth-ther.
Herod, i. i. 437 of Agrippa I., i. ; Blessings in the temple (benedic-
ii. 160 buildings there of Agrippa
; tion),II. i. 296, ii. 80 in the ;

II., I. ii. 196 merchants at ; synagogue, ii. ii. 80 should be ;

Puteoli, II. ii. 253 f. linen in- ; given only in Hebrew, ii. i. 10,
dustry, II. i. 41 ;
games, i. ii. 160, ii. 284.
249, II. i. 24. Bliss, future and eternal, li. ii. 181-
Beth-ha-Midrash, ii. i. 325. 183 ;in Philo =
return of soul
Beth-aramphtha ( = Livias, Julias), into union with God, ll. iii. 380.
. II. i. 141. Blood, Jews forbidden to use, li. ii.
Beth-basi, i. i. 238. 318 in the Book of Jubilees, II.
;

liethel, I. i. 236, ii. 232. iii.137; in theHeracliteanEpistles,

Bether (Beth-ther), i. ii. 309 f. II. iii. 316.

Beth-esob, i. ii. 241. Boeotia, Jews residing there, ll. ii.

Beth-haram ii. i. 141. (Livias), 222.
Beth- boron, 214, 229, 236. i. i. Boethus, grandfather (or father ?) of
Bethlehem, grave of Archelaus, i. ii. Mariamme, wife of Herod, i. i.
42 ; Solomon's port and aqueduct, 455, II. i. 97.
I. ii. 84. Boethus, high priestly family, ll. i.

Beth-leptepha, capital of a toparchy, 204 ; D'Din'"ia, n. ii. 32.

II. i. 157, 159. Boethus, scholar of Antigonus of
Beth-ome, I. i. 302. Socho, II. ii. 32.
Beth-phage, priest village, li. i. Bologna, Jews residing at, ii. ii.
230. 242.
Beth-ramtha (Livias), ii. i. 141. Books of Old Testament, see Scrip-
Beth-saida, li. i. 136. tures, Holy.
Beth-saida = Julias, i. ii. 14, 194 ; ii. Books, covers and cases, ii. ii. 74.
i. 135, 136. Books, heavenly, ii. ii. 204.
Beth-sean (Scythopolis), ii. i. 110. Boraytha, see Baraytha.
Betli-ther (Bether), situation, I. ii. Bosporus, Cimmerian, Jews residing
309 ; siege and concpicst in Had- tliere, li. ii. 226.

rian's war, I. ii. 310 ; date of con- Bostra, capital of province of

quest, I. ii. 311 r. Arabia, i. ii. 13, 362, ii. i. 118;
 ; — ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 29

era, i. ii. 3G1 ; 'A«T/a Aofo-«/i/« CeutiU's over the lao-o'hiTiiu, i.

there, ir. i. 22. ii.181 f., 184 f. II. i. 86, 148 ; ;

Botiys, city, i. ii. 330. becomes a Roman colony, i. ii.

Bread presented as dues to the 265, II. i. 86 ; religious worship
priests, ii. i. 241 f. of Gentiles ; there, ii. i. 16 ; coins, ii. i. 85, 86;
unclean, ir. i. 53. purple dyeing, ii. i. 42 games, I. ;

Brescia, Jews resitling there, ii. ii. ii. 163, 248 ii. i. 24, 25 f.
; Jews ;

242. residing there, ii. i. 86, ii. 275,

Brutus, M., I. i. 337 f., 385, 387, ii. 283 R. Levi heard the Shemah
;

ii. 259. there recited in Greek, ii. ii. 284;

Rubastis, II. ii. 28G. see also under Straton's Tower.
Buddhism, influence on the West, Caesarea Philippi (Panias,Neronias),
II. ii. 215 influence on the ; II. i.132-135 ;* i. ii. 14, 196 era, ;

Essenes, ii. ii. 207, 215. II. 133

i. worship, li. i. 21
;
;

Building and stvle of building in coin.s, II. i. 133, 134 games, I. ii. ;

Palestine, ii. i. 34-36 Phoenician ; 248 II. i. 25, 28.

;

and Egyj'tian, ii. i. 3G ; of Herod, Caesarea ad Libanum (Area), i. ii. 202.

see Herod. Caesar, worship of, see Emperor
Burrns, praefedua praeftirio, i. ii. Worshiji.
184. Caiaphas, high priest, ii. i. 182, 199.
Butis = Pel]a in the Decapolis, ii. i. Calabria,Jews residing there, ll. ii.
114. 242.
Byblu.s, buildings of Herod there, i. Calendar
i. 437 ; linen industry at, ii. i. (1) Jewish, I. ii. 363-377 of 1 ;

41. Maccabees, i. i. 36 fi". of Jose- ;

Byssus, II. i. 276. phus, I. ii. 374-377 polemic ;

against lunar year in Book of

Jubilees, ii. iii. 138 of fasts, ;

see Megillath Taanith begin- ;

ning of year in sjiring and au-

Cabbala, original meaning of the tumn, I. i. 36-46, 465;"ii. ii. 250;
word, II. i.'sil. post-biblical feast.s, see Feasts.
Caecilius Bassus, i. i. 336, 337, (2j Syrian and Palmyrene, i. ii.
385. 374, 375 of Gaza, Ascalon,
;

Caecilius Creticus Silanus, i. i. 358. Tyre, and Sidon, ii. i. 72 ; of

Caesar, Julius, triumvirate and Tyre, i. ii. 376.
civil war, i. i. 332, 376, 377 (3) Athenian, i. ii. 366.
proceedings in Syria, i. i. 335, (4) Literature on Roman calendar,
377 Aera Caesariana in Syria, i.
; I. i. 21.

i. 336, 364, 370 ; ii. i. 94 arrange- ; Caligula, period of his reign, i. i.

ments in Judea, i. i. 378-383 ii. ; 365 oath of provincials on his
;

i. 169 decrees favourable to Jews

; accession, l. i. 445 f. ; sacrifice
outside of Palestine, i. i. 382 ii. ; and oath of Jews on his accession,
ii. 257 ; loved bv the Jews, i. i. I. ii. 90 generosity toward the
;

383, II. ii. 235 death, i. i. 337, 385.

; reges soccii, I. ii. 127 friendship ;

Caesar, Sextus, i. i. 335, 384, 385. with Agrippa, I. ii. 152, 153 ;

Caesar, C, grandson of Augustus, i. chronology of last years of his

i.354-357. reign, i. ii. 36 f., 97, 98 death, i. ;

Caesarea (Stra ton's Tower), ii. i. 84— ii. 103, 153 demands divine
;

87 rebuilt by Herod, i. i. 434,

;* honours, i. ii. 91 ;
persecution of
II. 85 ; residence of Roman
i. Jews in Alexandria, i. ii. 90-98 ;

procurators, i. ii. 48, 265 garri- ;

in Judea, i. ii. 99 ; insists upon
soned by native troops, i. ii. 51- his statue being placed in the
54 ; conflict between Jews and temple at Jerusalem, i. ii. 99
30 p. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

writing of Pliilo aLout liiin, ii. Capsa, II. i. 46.

iii. 349-354. Capua, Jewish inscription there, ll.

Callimachus, verses on the Sabbath, ii.242, 250.

II. iii. 302. Career Mamcrtinus in Rome, i. ii.

Calliraander, Syrian general, I. i. 250.

283. Cardinal virtues, the four, ii. iii. 233,
Callirrhoe, place on other side of 245, 378.
the Dead Sea, i. i. 463 Callistiis, ; Caria, Jews there (Halicarnassus,
Koman bishop, ii. ii. 268. Cnidus, Myndus),
ii. ii. 222 ;

Calpurnius, M. Bibulus, governor of add inscriptions from Jasos, Le

:

Syria, i. i. 333. Bas and Waddington, Inscri'ptions,

Calpurnius, L. Bibulus, i. i. 343. t. iii. n. 294: ^ix,r,ret; 'ixaoi/oi
Calpurnius, L. Piso, consul, B.C. 139, '
IspoiTO'hviniTYi;.
I. i. 267. Carniel, sanctuary there, i. ii. 223.
Calpurnius, Cn. Piso, governor of Carrae, city, i. i. 332.
Syria in time of Tiberius, i. i. Carthage, Jews there, li. ii. 232.
358 ; on others of Piso family, Cassianus, chronologer, ii. ii. 205.
see Piso. Cassida, the helmet, il. i. 31.
Calvinus, see Domitius. Cassiodorus on Latin translations
Campus Martins, ii. ii. 248. of Josephus, I. i. 99 on the ;

Canatha, see Kanatha. imperial census, i. ii. 116.

Canata, see Kanata. Cassius, C. Longinus, under the
Candlestick, the seven branched in Emperor Claudius, i. i. 366, ii.
temple, il. i. 281 its use, ii. i. ; 167 C. Longinus, companion of
;

281, 289, 293-295 ; Corinthian, Brutus, I. i. 333, 337, 339, 375,

II. i. 45. 385-388, ii. 224.
Canon, Old Testament, ii. i. 306- Cassius, L., i. i. 339.
312 wonderful restoration under
; Cassius Dio, see Dio Cassius.
Ezra, II. iii. 99 attitude of Sad- ; Castles in Jerusalem, see Acra,
ducees toward, il. ii. 38 of Hel- ; Antonia, Palace of Herod.
lenistic Jews, II. iii. 176 of Philo, ; Castor, chronicle, i. i. 76.
II. iii. 366 of Josephus, I. i. 107;
; Castra Judaeorimi in Egypt, ii. ii.
Book of Barucli used in public 287.
worship, II. iii. 192 ;
patristic Casuistry, Jewish, see Law Observ-
lists of canon with Apocrypha, ance, Halacha.
II. iii. 125. Catacombs, see Cemetries.
Capernaum = Tell Hum, synagogue Cattle-rearing, gifts of flesh to the
there, ii. ii. 71. priests, ii. i. 233, 240 ; tithing of,
Capharsaba, I. i. 303 II. i. 130. ; II. i. 240.

Capharsalma, i. i. 228. Caves at Arbela, i. i. 394 in the ;

Capital punishment could not in Hauran, i. ii. 329 ; li. i. 4.

times of procurators be carried Celsus, philosopher, knows the

out by Sanhedrim, ii. i. 187-190; dialogue between Jason and
whethercarriedoutby the soldiers, Papiscus, I. i. 70 f. uses Book ;

I. ii. 61-65. of Enoch, II. iii. 71 charges ;

Capito, see Herennius Capito. Christians with forging Sibylline

Capitol in Rome, preservation of bo(jks, 290.
II. iii.

State records there, I. i. 90 pay- ;

Celsus, a later writer, translates the
ment of the Jewish didrachma dialogue of Jason and Papiscus
tax to temple of Capitoline Jupiter, into Latin, i. i. 70.
I. ii. 255 ii. i. 251, ii. 266.
; j
Cemeteries, Jewish, in Rome, ii. ii.
Capitolias, city, i. ii. 267, ii. i. 106. I
240 in Venosa, ii. ii. 242 ; in-
;

Cappadocia, Jews there (Ariasthes, I scriptions from, i. i. 31-34.

Archelaus), il. ii. 221, 222. I Censorinus, see Marcius Censorinus.
 ;

I). — NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 31

Census, the Roman, r. ii. 105-143 ;

Chelkias, son of Onias IV., ii. ii
whether an imperial census under 279 f.
Au,<,Mistus, I. ii. 114-120; of I

Chenephres, king of Egypt, ii. iii.

Quirinius in Judea, see Sul- 206.
picius. Children, how far obliged to study
Cepheus, worship of, in Jopjia, ii. I
the law, II. ii. 48 f. ; at what age
i. 15. required to enter on full study of
Cerealis ( = Sext. Vettulenus Ceri-
I

law, II. ii. 49 might read the law

;

alis), I. ii. 233, 236, 258. in synagogue, ii. ii. 79 the title ;

Cestius Gallus, i. i. 368 f., ii. 199, Arcliisynagogus held by children,

212, 218. II. ii. 65.
Ceto =
xr,ro^, II. i. 15. Chisleu, Hebrew month, i. ii. 363.
Chabarzaba, see Antipatris. Chios, buildings of Herod there, I.
Chaber, Chaberim ( = Pharisees), ii. i. 437.

ii. 8, 22-25. Chonjo, see Onias IV.

Chadasha = A(lasa. Chorazin ( = Keraze), synagogue
Chadid=Adida. there, ii. ii. 71.
Chaeremon, on the Jews, ii. ii. 293, Chrestus = Christus, it. ii. 238.
iii. 255 f. Christians, flight of community
Cha^ip, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122. from Jerusalem to Pella, i. ii.
Chalcis ad Belum, I. ii. 330, 343. 230 intercourse of a Jewish
;

Clialcis on tlie Lebanon, i. ii. 329, Christian with E. Elieser, ii. i.

330, 343 coins and era, i. ii.
; 372 Jewish prayer against Jewish
;

344 history of kingdom, i. ii.

; Christians, ii. ii. 88 f ; persecu-
325-344 (1) The larger kingdom
; tion by Bar-Cochba, i. ii. 300;
of Ptolemy Menniius and Lysanias, in Rome, see Flavins Clemens.
I. ii. 329-332 gifted by Antony; Christology, patripassian in Testa-
to Cleopatra, i. i. 402, ii. 332*; mentum XIL Futr., ii. iii. 118;
(2) The petty principality of inBook of Baruch, ii. iii. 193.
Herod of Chalcis, i. ii. 341-344. Christ, see Jesus Christ.
Chaldean —
" the Chaldee " = Abra- Chronicles, Books of, are historical
ham, II. iii. 299. Midrashim, ii. i. 340; place in
Challa, Talmudic tract, i. i. 121 ;
the Canon, ii. i. 309 age of the ;

the bread presented to the priests, Greek translation, ii. iii. 162.
II. i. 241. Chronology, literature on Roman
Chanamel, high priest, see Ananel. and Biblical, i. i. 20-23 ; of
Chananiah, D'^jnan WD, i. i- 126 Seleucidae, i. i. 169-185; of the
II. i. 259, 368.* Asmoneans, i. i. 272 f of Herod, ;

Chananiah ben Antigonus, i. i. I. i. 398, 401-416, 464-467; of

127. the life of Jesus, i. ii. 30-32 ; see
Chananiah ben Teradion, ii. ii. 44. also Era, Calendar, World (dura-
Chananiah, see Ananias. tion of) in the Book of Daniel,
;

Chance, games of, ii. i. 36. II. iii. 53 I ; in the Book of Jubi-
Chants of Palestine, i. i. 19. lees, iii. 135
II. in Demetrius, ;

Chanuka = feast of dedication of It. 200 f. in Eupolemus, ii.

iii. ;

temple, I. i. 2l7f. iii. 205; in the Books of Macca-

Chanuth, Chanujoth, reported jilace bees, I. i. 36-46 Josephus, i. i. ;

of meeting of Sanhedrim, ii. i. 108.

192. Chrysorrhoas, near Damascus, and
Chasidees, i. i. 198, 211,* 227 ; ll. near Gerasa, i. ii. 336 ii. i. 118. ;

ii. 21 f. Chrysostom Dio, on the Essenes, ii,

Chazor, see Hazor. ii. 194.
Chebron, see Hebron. Chullin, Talmudic tract, i. i. 124.
Cheese, Bithynian, ii. i, 43. Church ofiicers, see Synagogue.
 ;; ;

32 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Cliurcli constitution, see Constitu- Claudius, emperor, period of reign,

tion. I. i. 366 accession to the throne,
;

Cicero, I. i. 114, 331; Oratio :vr,0, I. ii. 154; rule of freedmen at his

pro Flacco, il. ii. !235, 261. court, I. ii. 175 famine in his
;

Cicero, son, i. i. 346. time, I. ii. 169 f., comp. 142;

Cilicia, belonf;s to Syria in B.C. 3-2, games in honour of his campaign
I. i. 352 King Polemon of Cilicia,
; in Britain, I. ii. 163; Palestinian
see Polemon groats, ii. i. 43 ;
coins, I. ii. 78, 175; Palestinian
haircloth, II. i. 44; Jews residing cities favoured by him, see K\oe.v-
in, II. ii. 222 Jewish archi- ; Itilg; toleration edict regarding
synagogus there, ii. ii. 63 syna- ; the Jews issued by, i. ii. 99 ii. ii. ;

gogue of Cilicians in Jerusalem, 236, 266 rescript about the robes

;

ii.'i. 49, ii. 57. of the high priest, i. ii. 168 ex- ;

Circumcision allowed on Salibath. pulsion of Jews from Rome, ii. ii.

n. ii. 103; of crowds of subject 236 f.
jjeoples by Asmoneans, i. i. 280, Claudius Paternus Clementianus,
293, 307 ; adhered to by Herodian procurator of Judea, i. ii. 264.
princes, i. i. 444, ii. 157, 197; of Clean and unclean according to
proselytes, ii. ii. 312, 313, 319, traditional law, ii. ii. 106-111;*
320; whether absolutely neces- tracts of Mishna treating of this
sary, II. ii. 313, 320; prohibited sixth seder, i. i. 125; practice of
by Antiochus Epiphanes, i. i. 207 the Pharisees, il. ii. 20-25 ; Gen-
prohibited by Hadrian and again tiles as such unclean, ii. i. 54, ii.
permitted by Antoninus Pius, i. 320; purifying of priests (wash-
ii. 292, 293, 318, ii. ii. 268; ing), II. i. 215,' 283, iii. 119; what
heathen abuse and Jewish apology, kind of water must be used, ii. ii.
II. iii. 269 artificial removal of
; 109-111 to keep clean Alexan-
;

marks (g^/^xacr.ttoj), i. i. 203. drian Jews live in a separate

Circus, see Games.
Cirta, Jewish inscription at, ii. ii,
231.
Citations from 0. T. in the Mishna,
by what formula introduced,
quarter, II. ii. 228, 229.
Clearchus, II. ii. 225.
^ Clemens, see Flavins Clemens.
Clemens Alexandrinus on the death
ii. of Moses, II. iii. 81 on the time ;

i. 311. of Moses, II. iii. 259, 2G0 uses the ;

Cities, Jewish, distinguished from Sibyllines, ii. iii. 289 uses forged ;

villages, ii. i. 154, ii. 68; Hellen- verses of Greek poets, ii. iii. 295.
istic, in Palestine, history and Clementianus, see Claudius Pat. CI.
constitution, ii. i. 57-149 ;* coins Cleodemus = Malchus, writer, ii. iii.
of these and literature about them, 97, 209 f.

I. i. 25-28 ; worship in, ll. i. Cleopatra, daughter of Antiochus

11-23; games, ii. i. 23-28; III., wife of Ptolemy V., ii. i. GO,
famous men, ir. i. 28, 29 found- ; 67.

—
ing of (1) by Alexander the Cleopatra, daughter of Ptolemy V.,
wife of her brother Ptolemy VI.
Great and the Diadochai, i. i. I

195 f. (2) by Ptolemy Phila-

;
Philometor and Ptolemy VII.
delphus, see under his name Physcon, ii. ii. 279, 286.
(3) by Gabinius, ii. i. 62 (4) by ;
Cleo])atra,daughter of Ptolemy VI.
Herod the Great and his sons, i. Philometor, wife of the three
i. 434 f. ; II. i. 122-148 ; (5) by Syrian kings, Alexander Balas,
Koman emperors, see Colonies. Demetrius 1 1., and Antiochus
Civitates liherae, foederatae, li. i. G3, VII. Sidetes, i. i. 180, 242, 244,
64. 281.
Claudia As^ter TTiernsohjmitana cap- Cleopatra, another daughter of Pto-
tiva, II. ii. 239. lemy VI., mother of Ptolemy
 : — ;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 33

VIII. Latlmrus, i. i. 284 f., 29G- 105; Dium (according to Ste])h.

297 11. i. 93, ii. 279.
; Byz.), II. i. 115 ; Gadara (coins and
Cleopatra, the last Ecjyptian queen, Jos. Ant. xiii. 13. 3), ll. i. 103 ;
wife of Marc Antony, i. i. 339, Gerasa (Steph. Bvz.), ii. i. 117;
344,* 401-403,* 420-428 ;* obtains Pella (Steph. Byz.), ii. i. 114?
dominion over parts of Syria, Philadelphia (coins), il. i. 121 ,;

Phoenicia, Palestine, and Arabia, Scythopolis (Steph. Byz. and Jos.

I. i. 344 f., 402 f., 423, ii. 332, Ant. xiii. 13. 2), ii. i. 110 many ;

355 II. i. 62 era of Chalcis, I. i.

; ; writers, like Polybius and Dio-
402 coins in Ascalon, ii. i. 75 f.
;
;
dorus, reckon in it cities on
death, i. i. 341, 428; a grand- Philistine coast, e.g. Raphia, ii. i.
daughter married to Felix the 67 Joppa, ii. i. 80.
;

Procurator, i. ii. 176. Gohortatio ad Graecos, see Justin.

Cleopatra, wife of Herod, i. 1. 45G, Cohortes, organization generally, i.

ii. 20. ii. 49; peditatae and equitutae, i.

Cleopatra, wife of the Procurator ii.56 cohors I. Flavia Damasceno-
;

Gessius Florus, i. ii. 190. rum, I. ii. 354 Ituraeorum, I. ii.

;

Clitae, a tribe in Asia Minor, i. ii. 341 Sebastenorum, I. ii. 52, 53; coh.
;

123. Italica (Acts x. 1), i. ii. 54 coh. ;

Closet in synagogue for keeping Augusta (Acts xxvii. 1), i. ii. 53.
rolls, etc., II. ii. 74. Coins and coinage
Clothing, Greek and Roman, used in (1) Numismatic literature :

Palestine, 43-45 of priests,

ii. i. ; (a) On Seleucid coins, i. i.

II. i. 276 of high priest, ii. i. 256

;
;
23 f.

I. ii. 76 of priests kept in temple,

; (6) On coins of autonomous
II. i. 260, 268 white of the ; cities of Palestine
Essenes, ii. ii. 194, 211 made of ; (Phoenician, Greek,
linen and woollen mixed is for- Roman), i. i. 24 f.
bidden (except to priests), ii. i. (c) On Jewish coins, i. i.

277 I. ii. 71 zizitli to be worn on

; ; 25-28.
upper, II. ii. 112 of Am-haarez ; ((/) On Nabatean coins, i.

is unclean, ii. ii. 6, 24. ii. 345-348.

Cluvius Rufus, whether used by (2) Coins of Alexander the Great

Joseplius, I. i. 89. at Ascalon, ii. i. 75 at ;

Cnidus, Jews residing there, ii. ii. Straton's Tower, ll. i. 84 ;

222. at Ace, at Damas-

II. i. 91 ;

Cochba, see Bar-Cochl)a. cus, II. i. 96 at Scythopolis, ;

Codex de Rossi, 138 this MS. of the ; II. i. Ill ; at Philadelphia,

Mishna peculiarly servicealile to II. i. 120.

me be found in Parma.
is to (3) Phoenician coins in Gaza, ii.
Coele Syria, according to Theo-
- i. 69 Ashdod, ii. i. 77
;

phrastus, embraces also the Lower Ace, II. i. 92 ; Phoenician

Jordan district, i. i. 425 ; in or Tvrian coinage, ii. i. 38-
Ptolemy's time a taxation di-strict 40, 244, 250.
along with Judea, Samaria, and (4) Hebrew shekels, i. i. 257 f.,
Phoenicia, i. i. 190 taken by ; ii. 379-383; coins of the
Antiochus IX. Cyzicenos, i. i. rebellion (Bar-Cochba), i. ii.
182; Damascus, capital of (Jos. 383-392.
Antt. xiii. 15. 2), ii. i. 97; Herod, (5) Palestinian coinage of the
governor of, l. i. 384, 386 cities ; Graeco- Roman period, ii. i.

reckoned in Coele-Syria: Philo- 38-40; coins have no human

teria on Lake of Gennezaret, i. i. figure, I. i. 443, ii. 77 ; right

307 all; those of Decapolis of vassal kings to mint these,

Abila (according to coins), n. i. I. i. 450.
 : : ;; ;;

34 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

(6) Coins of Jewish princes

tlie : i. 130 ; Gaba, ii. i. 128 ;

John Hyrcaniis, i. i. 284 (jadara, ii. i. 101 Gaza, ;

Aristobuhis I., i. i. 293 ;

II. i. 68, 71 ; Gerasa, ii. i.
Alexander Janniius, i. i. 118; Hippus, II. i. 100;
305; Alexandra, i. i. 308; Joppa, II. i. 82 f. Kanata, ;

Autigonus, I. i. 392 ; j
II. i. 107 Kanatha, ii. ;

Herod the Great, i. i. >. 109 Neapolis, i. ii.

;

443, 450; Philip, i. ii. 266; Nicopolis (Emmaus),

15 f. ; Herod Antipas, i. I. ii. 253 f. Pella, II, i. ;

ii. 20 f., comp. i. i. 466, 115; Petra, I. ii. 350;

ii. 38; Archelaus, i. ii. Philadelphia, ii. i. 121 ;
39 Agrippa I., i. ii. 155,
; Ptolemais, ii. i. 90, 91,
161 Agrippa II., i. ii.
; 92, 94 : Rai)hia, ii. i. 67
191 f., 194, 204 f. Herod ; Bebaste = Samaria, ii. i.

of Chalcis,343. i. ii. 125, 126; Sepphoris =

(7) Imperial coins, Palestinian of Diocaesarea, ii. i. 137,
time of Procurators, i. ii. 140 ; Scythopolis, ll. i.

77. 124 f ; of Vespasian, . III, 112 ; Tiberias, ii. i.

Titus, and Domitian cele- 144, 146.

brating subjugation of Collegia, religious, ii. ii. 255, 257.
Judea, I. ii. 250, comp, i. Colonies, Roman in Palestine and
ii. 225. Syria, li. Berytus (from
i. 65 ;

(8) Dynasty of Chalcis : B.C. 15), I. i. 460 Heliopolis (from ;

Ptolemy, I. ii. 325, 331 ; time of Augustus), i. ii. 340 Pto- ;

Lysaiiias, i. ii. 325, 331 ; lemais (since Claudius), ii. i. 94 ;

Zenodorus, i. ii. 325, Caesarea (since Vespasian), ii. i.
332 f. 87 Aelia Capitolina (since Had-
;

(9) Nabatean coins rian), I. ii. 315, 316; Sebaste-

Obedas I., I. ii. 352 Aretas ; Samaria (since Septimius Seve-
III., I. ii. 353; Obedas II., rus), II. i. 126 Caesarea on Leba-
;

I. ii. 356 Aretas IV., i. ; non = Area (since Heliogabelus or

ii. 358 Malchus II., i. ; earlier), I. ii. 202 Damascus ;

ii. 360 Kabel, i. ii. 361.

; (since Alexander Severus), ii. i.
(10) Coins of cities (Greek and 98 Neapolis (since Philip the
;

Roman) Arabian), I. ii. 266 Gadara ;

Abila (Decapolis), ll. i. 205 ;

(since ?), IL i. 103 Gaza (since ?), ;

Aelis Capitolina, i. ii. 316 II. i. 72.

Ace, see Ptolemais ; An- Colonizations by Herod, i. i. 440, ii.

tliedon, II. i. 73 Area, ; 13, II. i. 4.

Arcae, see Caesarea on Connnagene, origin of dynasty, i. i.

Lebanon Ascalon, ii. i. ; 184.

74, 75, 76 Azotus, ii. i. ; Condemnation, eternal, ii. ii. 181 f.

77 Berytus, i. i. 460
;
Goncjiaria of the emperor, i. i. 412 ;

Caesarea on Lebanon, i. ii. of the city communes, ii. ii.

202 Caesarea Paulas, ii.

; 265.
i. 133, 134 Caesarea Stra- ; Counuhium with Gentiles lejected,
tonis, II. i. 84, 85, 87; 268.
II. iii.

Capitolias, ii. i. 106 ;

Consilium of the Roman governors,
Chalcis on Lebanon, i. ii. I. ii. 60.
344 Damascus, IL i. 96,
; Constitution of the Hellenistic cities
97 Diocaesarea, see Sep-
;
in Palestine, ii. i. 57-149;*
phoris Dium, ii. i. 116 ;
; Jewish towns and villages, li. i.

Dora, II. i. 89 Emmaus, ;

149-165,* ii. 55 ff. ; I. ii. 72
see Nicopolis ; Esbon, ii. Jewish communities in non-
 ;;;;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 35

Jewish cities and in the Disper- a woman of, I. i. 82 j Jews said

sion, II. i. 149, ii. 55, 243-270. to have had origin from, il. ii.
Constantia, harbour town of Gaza, 292.
II. i. 71. Creticus Silanus, see Caecilius.
Consular-fasts, see Fasti. Crimea, Jews lesiding there, il. ii.
Consular rank of Eoman vassal 226, 283 Jewish inscriptions
;

kings, I. i. 450, ii. 154. there, il ii. 226.

Conventusjuridici,!. i. 373 II. ii. 168. ; Criminal Jurisj^rudence, see Juris-
Cooking on Sabbath forbidden, ii. prudence.
ii. 99. Crispus, see Marcius Crispus.
Coponius, Procurator, i. ii. 79, 81. Crucifixions in vast numbers :

Corbulo, see Uoniitius. By Alexander Janniius, i. i. 303 ;

Corea, place so called, i. i. 320, ii. Quinctilius Varus, i. ii. 6

231. Ummidius Quadratus, i. ii.
Corinth, Jews residing there, li. ii. 173; Florus, i. ii. 208; Titus,
222 Jewish synagogue there, ii.
; I.ii. 240 crucified taken down
;

ii. 232, 282 brass and columns; and recovered, i. i. 80; of

of temple of Jerusalem from, ii. Roman citizens not allowed, ii.
i. 35 Corinthian candlestick, ii.
; 278 of Jesus Christ, whether
ii. ;

i. 45. done by soldiers, i. ii. 61 find- ;

Cornelius Palma, governor of Syria, ing of the cross of Christ, i. ii.

I. ii. 361. 308.
Cornificius, Q., i. i. 337. Ctesiphon, r. ii. 28.5.
Corvinus, see Messalla. Culture, Hellenistic, see Hellenism.
Cos, Jews residing there, ii. ii. 221, Cumae, the Sibyl there, ii. iii. 274.
232, 261 ; inscription of Herod Cumanus, see Ventidiua Cumanus.
Antipas there, i. ii. 17. Cupa, II. i. 46.
Cosiba, see Bar-Cochba. Custom or toll in Palestine, I. ii.
Cosmology in Book of Enoch, n. 66-71 extent of
; district, i, ii.
iii. 56 ; in pseudo-Aristotelian 66 farming of,
; i. ii. 68-70
•ffspi xoV^of, I. i. 63, ii. 170; in tariff of Palmyra, i. ii. 67, 70
pseudo-Philonic %-ipi aoau-ov, ii. frauds practised, i. ii. 71.
iii. 359. Cuspius Fadus, procurator, i. ii.
Costobar, husband of Salome, i. i. 167.
405, 431, 456. Cutheans= Samaritans, ii i. 5.
Costobar, relative of Agrippa, I. ii. Cybele, worship in Ptolemais, li. i.

189.
Council, democratic, in Hellenistic
communes, ii. i. 58 in Gaza, ii.
i. 70 in Tiberias, ii. i. 1 45
;
Supreme, in Jerusalem, see San-
hedrim.
Court of the temple at Jerusalem,
II. i. 265, 280-284 i. i. 237 in-
scription on entrance to inner,
18.
Cymbals, ii. i. 270.
; Cypros, mother of Herod, i. i. 429.
; Cypros, daughter of Herod, i. i. 455.
Cyiiros, wife of Agrippa, I. ii. 151.
Cypros, castle near Jericho, i. i. 435.
Cy])rus, Jews residing there, ii. ii.
; ; 221, 222, 232, 283.; rebellion
under Trajan, i. ii. 284 Jews ;

266.
II. i. forbidden to enter the island, i.
Crassus, see Licinius Crassus. ii. 284.
Creation, Haggadic allegorizing of Cyrenaica, Jews residing
Cyrene,
narrative of, ii. i. 342 represen- ; there, 221, 222, 231 f.,* 244,
ii. ii.
tation of by Aristobolus, ii. iii. 2G1, 273, 290; rebellion under
240; by Philo, ii. iii. 376; ex Vespasian, i. ii. 253 ; rebellion
nihilo, II. iii. 214. under Trajan, i. ii. 281-285
Crete, Jews residing there (Gortyna), synagogue of Cyrenians in Jer-
II. ii. 222, 232 ; Josephus marries usalem, II. i. 49, ii. 67.
 ;; ;

36 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

by Pompej-, i. i. 323 worship, ;

D II. i. 18-21 * Pompeian era, see

;

Abila, Dium, Gadara, Hippus,

Daliaritta, place so named, i. ii. 217. Kaneta, Kanatha, Pella, Phila-
Dagon, worship of, in Ashdod, ii. delphia, Scythopolis also, Era. ;

i. 14 ;
place (Dok), i. i. 271, 274. Deceniprimi, see Dekaprotoi.
Daisies, see Months. Decidius Saxa, i. i. 339-341.
Dalmatica, ii. i. 44. Dekaprotoi in the Hellenistic cities,
Damascus, ii. 1. 96, 98 ;* i. i. 251, II. i. 145 in Jerusalem, II. i. 179.
;

303, 319, 328, 437 ; under rule of Dellius, friend of Antony, writes a
Arabian kings, ii. i. 97, 98 i. ii. ; work on his Parthian campaign,
352, 357, 360 nnder Roman rule,
; I. i. 53.
I. ii. 354, 357, 361 ; attached to Delos, the altar there adorned by
Decapolis, ii. i. 95 ; i. ii. 354 Antiochus Epiphanes with statues,
;

Cohors I. Flavia Damascenorum, i. I. i. 201 inscription of Antiochus

;

ii. 354 worship, ii.

; i. 19 date VIII. Grypos, i. i. 185 inscri])-
;
;

palms grown there, ii. i. 42 tion of Herod Antipas, i. ii. 18 ;

coins, 97 ; Seleucid era, i.
II. i. Tyrian merchants there, ii. ii.
i. 44 ; II. i. 97 games, ii. i. 24, 27
; ;
253 Jews residing there, ii. ii.
;
Jews residing there, ii. 1. 98 222, 232 the Jews are Eoman
;

female proselytes there, ii. ii. 308. citizens, ii. ii. 277.
Damocritus, writer on the Jews, Delta = the fourth city district of
I. i. 75 II. ii. 294, 296, iii. 262.
; Alexandria, ii. ii. 230.
Daniel, Book of, i. i. 208, ii. iii. 49, Demai, Talmud ic tract, i. i. 121.
54 *
Messianic hope in, ii. ii.
; Demetrius I. Soter, period of reign,
137, 138 the seventy weeks, ii.
; I. i. 174 ascended the throne, i.
;

iii. 53 f. the Greek translation, 1. 226

; relations with the Jews,
;

(LXX. and Theodotion), ii. iii. I. i. 227-242 death, i. i. 242. ;

173-175, 186; the additions of Demetrius II. Nicator, period of

the Septuagint, ii. iii. 183-188. reign, i. i. 176-179 rises against ;
Dareios, corruption of text for Alexander Balas, and is 'made
Areus, king of Sparta, see A re us. king, I. i. 243 f. opposed by ;
Darius, son of Artabanus, i. ii. 34 Try])ho, I. i. 246 f. his Parthian
; ;

officer of Agrippa II., i. ii. 210. imjtrisonment, i. i. 269 release ;

Date palms in Archelais, i. ii. 41 ;

from imprisonment, i. i. 279 ;
Damascus, ii. i. 42 Jericho, i. i. ; death, i. i. 281 relations with ;

423,* II. 1. 42 Livias, ii. i. 143 ; the JeM-s, I. i. 243-247, 250, 255-
;

Phasaelis, ii. i. 132; Nicolaus 261, 279 under him, not under
;

palmula, ii. i. 42. Demetrius I., the Jews were quite

David, his history set forth bv inde])endent, I. i. 256.
Eupolemus, ii. iii. 203 his ; Demetrius III. Euciirus, period of
sepulchre, i. i. 276; tower in his reign, i. i. 182 ; war against
Jerusalem, i. i. 433, ii. 247; his Alexander Jannaus, i. i. 302.
family existing in first century Demetrius Poliorcetes, son of Anti-
after Christ, i. 'ii. 279 ii. i. 252 ; gonus, fights against the Naba-
;

the Messiah, son of, ii. ii. 159. teans, i. ii. 349 destroys Samaria, ;
Death, intermediate state between II. i. 124.
death and resurrection, ii. ii. 180. Demetrius Phalereus, ii. iii. 160, 307.
Ikharim rabhi, Midrash, i. i. 148. Demetrius, Jewish - Hellenistic
Debt, remission during sabbatical writer, ii. iii. 197, 200-202
year abolished by Hil'lel, ii. i. 362. his influence upon Josephus, i.
Decalogue, division and explana- i. 85.
tion by Philo, II, iii. 342-345. Demetrius, tvrant of Ganiala, ii. i.
Decapolis, ii. i. 94, 121 * founded ; 60.
 -NA]\IES AND SUBJECTS. ^7

Demetriup, alabarcli in Alexandria, of the Ptolemies, ii. 1. 17; cor-

II. ii. 280. responds to Aral)ian Dusares, ii.
Democratic constitution of Hellen- i. 22; Scythopolis founded by him,

istic to\vns, II. i. 58. II. i. Ill; said to be worshipped

Demon, according to doctrine of by the Jews, II. ii. 293.

Philo, II. iii. 372 ; possession by, Atovvffioe. in Jerusalem in the time of
see Magic. Antiochus Epiphanes, i. i. 208 ;

Denarius,"^ Roman, in Palestine, ii. II. i. 24.

i. 39. Dios, see Months.

Deposits in temple, ii. i. 260. Dioscuri on coins of Aelia, i. ii. 317.
Derek erez rabba, Talmudic tract, Diospolis, see Lydda.
I. i.144. Diphilus, writer of Comedies, forged
Derek erez suta, Talmndic tract, i. verses ascribed to, ii. iii. 301.
i. 144. Dipondius, see Dupondius.
Derceto, see Atargatis. Dium, city, i. i. 196, 304, 320, 323;
JkscrijMo totius orbis, ii. i. 25, 41. II. i.115; * belonging to Decapolis,
Dialect, Galilean, see Galilee. II. i. 95; coins and era, ii. i. 115.

Diana, see Artemis. Dispersion, Jewish, ii. ii. 219-327:

Diaspora, see Dispersion. (1) Extension, ii. ii. 220-242; in
Didiiis, Q., 345, 4:^7. I. i. lands of Euphrates, ii. ii. 223-
Didrachmae i. ii. 109, 255
tax, ; ii. 225 Syria, li. ii. 225 ; Asia
;

i. 41, 251, 266, 267, 290.

ii. Minor, ii. ii. 226; Egypt, ii. ii,
Dikaearchia, see Puteoli. 226-230; Cyrenaica, ii. ii. 230,
Dill, subject to tithes, ii. i. 239. 231; Greece, ii. ii. 232; Eome
Dio Cassius, life and works, i. i. and Italy, ii. ii. 232-242.
113 f. ; on the Jews in Eome, ii. (2) Constitution of Jewish com-
ii. 237. munities, II. ii. 24-3-270.
Dio Chrvsostom on the Essenes, ii. (a) Their internal organiza-
ii. 194. tion, 11. ii. 243-252."
Diocaesarea, see Sepphoris. (h) Their political position,
Diodes, an Arabian, i. ii. 351. II. ii. 252-270.

Diocletian in the Jerusalem Talmud, (3) Their equality in regard to the

I. i. 134. rights of citizenship, ii. ii. 270-
Diodetiani eclidum de iwetiis rcrum, 281.
II. i. 41. (4) Their religious life, ii. ii. 281-
Diodorus, son of Hercules, ii. iii. 291 their payment of imposts,
;

210. II. i. 247, ii. 260 f., 269, 290 f.,

Diodorus Siculus, life and works, i. comp. I. 272, 277.
ii.

i. Ill f. uses Posidonius, i. i. 49;

; (5)The under that
Proselytes, see
un the Jews, ii. iii. 262, 305. name.
Diodotus Trypho, period of reign, Gathering of the dispersed into
I. i. 176 sets up Antiochus VI.
; the Holy Land on the arrival
as pretender, l. i. 246 f. murders ; of the days of the Messiah, ii.
Antiochus and makes himself 169 f.
ii.

king,- 1, i. 256 relations to the ; Divorcement Bill might be written

Jews, I. i. 246-261; defeat by in Greek, ii. i. 50.

Antiochus Sidetus, and death, i. i. Djaulan. i. ii. 12.

269. D'mer, Nabatean inscription there,
Diogenes' Epistles, ii. iii. 387. I. ii. 360.
Dionysos (Bacchus) worship at Aelia Dogmatic, see Angels, Bliss, Crea-
Capitolina, i. ii. 317; at Caesarea, tion, Haggada, Immortality, Inter-
17; at Damascus, ii. i. 19; at
II. i. mediate State, Messiah, Messianic
Scythopolis, ii. i. 19; in the Hope, Pre-existence, Psychology,
Hauran, ll. i. 22; ancestral god Providence, World, etc.
 ;

D. —NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

I)ok, fortress, i. i. 271, 274.

Dolabella, i. i. 337. E
Doniitian, Emperor, relations with
the Jews, I. ii. 279, 280; II. ii. Earthquakes in Palestine, I. i. 403,

267 ; coins celebrating victory- 426.

over the Jews, i. ii. 249, comp. Easter, see Passover.
225. Eating with Gentiles forbidden, n.
Domitilla, wife of Flavius Clemens, i. 54 f.

II. ii. 309. Ebel Rabbathi, Talmudic tract, I. i.

Domitilla, niece of Flavius Clemens, 144.

II. ii. 309. Ecclesiastes, see Koheleth.
Domitias Calvin us, consul in B.C. Ecclesiasticus (Jesus Sirach), ii. iii.

40, II. iii. 205 I. i. 393. ; 23-30.

Domitius Corbulo, governor of Echa Rabbathi, 148.
i. i.

Syria, i. i. 368. Ecstasy according to Philo,ii.iii.380.

Doorkeepers in the temple, ii. i. I
Eden, see Paradise.
226, 265-268. j
Edictum Diocletiani, ii. i. 41.
Dora, city, l. i. 196, 306, 323, ii. I
Edoni = Rouie, ii. iii. 99.
157 II. i. 87-90;* perhaps tribu-
; i Edomites, see Idumeans.
tary to Athenians in 5th century i
Edrei, see Adraa.
B.C., II. i. 88 in Persian a^e ;
i
Education among the Jews, ll. ii.

subject to Sidonians, ii. i. 88 f.; 46-52.

I

worship there, ii. i. 17; coins and Edujoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123. I

era, ii. i. 88 Jewish synagogue jEgnatius? (Agnitos), governor of

;

there, ii. i. 90, ii. 283. Judea, I. ii. 264. I

Doris, wife of Herod, i. i. 397, 455. Egypt has 7^ million inhabitants,

Dorotheus of Ascalon, grammarian, I. ii. 110; governors of: Aelius
II. i. 28. Callus, I. i. 407 f. Petronius, i. i. ;

Dorum, Dorus, see Dora. 408; Avillius Flaccus, i. ii. 91 f.;

Dosa ben Archinos (Harkinas), i. i. Macro only nominated, i. ii. 95
126 II. i. 373.
;
Tiberius Alexander, i. ii. 170;
Dositheus, Jewish general of Ptolemy Rutilius Lupus, i. ii. 282; ]\Iarcius
VI. Philometer, ii. ii. 279. Turbo, I. ii. 282 Rammius Mar- ;

Dosthai, R, ii. i. 325. tialis, I. ii. 282 f.

Doves held sacred in Ascalon, n. i. Egyptian worship in the West, ll.
14 ; said to be worshipped by ii. 300 architecture, ll. i. 36 ; ;

Samaritans, ii. i. 8; wild, tamed Zythos, II. i. 42; fish, mustard,

by Herod, i. i. 440. pumpkins, beans, lint, li. i. 42;
Drama of Hellenistic Jews, ii. iii. furniture (baskets, cordage, etc.),
225-228. II. i. 45; Jews, ii. ii. 226-230; per-

Dreams, Philo's treatise on, ii. iii. secution under Caligula, i. ii. 90-
337. 99; rebellion under Vespasian, I.
Drinks, see Beer, Wine. ii. 212, 253 rebellion under
;

Drusilla, sister of Caligula, i. ii. Trajan, i. ii. 281-284; spreads to

95. Upper Egypt (Tliebaid), i. ii. 284,
Drusilla, daughter of Agrippa I., comp. Arabarchs,
Alexandria,
I. ii. 157, 165, 176, 181. Leontopolis, Ptolemy VI.
Drusus the elder, i. ii. 151. Egyptian, revolt of an, in time of
Drusus the younger, i. ii. 151. Felix, 180.
I. ii.

Dupondius, Roman coin, ii. i. 39. Ekdippa, 298.

i. ii.

Dura, see Dora. Ekron, i. 244.

i.

Durmius, see Ummidius Quadratus. Elasa, place so called, i. i. 233.

Dusares, Arabian deity, ii. i. 22. Eldad and Modad, apocryphal writ-
Dystros, see Months. ing, II. iii. 129.
 :: ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 3»

Elders in Jewisli citie?, ii. i. 150; in Eleasar, son of Jairi, in Masada,

Jerusalem, ii. i. 165 f.; tlie Seventy X. ii. 81, 252.

(71-72), II. i. 174 f., 186, 372; see Eleutheropolis, city, I. ii. 268.
also Gerusia, Sanhedrim, Con- Elias, legends about him, ii. i. 345 ;
stitution ; of the priests, ii. i. 221 ; writing about him ascribed to
of S3'na,f^ogues and their functions, Eupolt-mus, II. iii. 203 his wor- ;

II. ii. 58 f., 60 f. ; jpTH as title of ship substituted for that of Helios,
Hillel,Shammai, Gamaliel, ii. i. II. i. 23 as precursor of Messiah,
;

360,361,363f.; Rabban Gamaliel, II. ii. 156 ; Apocalypse of, iL iii.

and the Elders, il. i. 369; tZv 129-133.

•yspouTuv it:, preaches in syna- Elias Levita on the Great Synagogue,
gogue, II. ii. 79; Ti-psafii/Ttpot, tell II. i. 354 on casting out of the
;

Philo the legends of Moses, II. iii. synagogue, ii. ii. 60.
365; 'TrpiafivTipo:, as official title Elieser ben Hyrcanus, R., i. i. 126 ;
among the Jews only occurs in II. i. 367, 370, 371, ii. 320 ; rela-

very late times Corpus Inscr.

; tions with King Agrippa II., i. ii.
Graec. n. 9897; Eevue des dudes 197, 206 ; Pirke derabbi Elieser,
juives X. 1885, p. 76 Loening, ; I. i. 151.

Gemeindeverfassung des Urchrist- Elieser ben Jacob, R., i. i. 126 ; ii. i.

enthums, 1888, p. 68. 368.*
Eleasar. (1) Priests : Elim, halting place of Israelites, ii.

Eleasar, high priest in time of iii. 227.

Ptolemy' Philadelphus, ac-

II. Elionaios, son of Kantheras, high
cording to the Epistle of Aris- priest, II. i. 197, 199.
teas, i.'i. 188, ii. iii. 160, 307. Elul, Hebrew month, i. ii. 363.
Eleasar, son of Boethus, high Elymais, i. i. 222.
priest about B.C. 4, ii. i. 198. Embassies, Jewish, to Rome, see
Eleasar, son of Ananos, high Romans.
priest about a.d. 16, ii. i. 198. Emesa, dynasty, see Sampsigeram,
Eleasar, son of high priest An- Azizus, Soemus.
anias, captain of temple, i. ii. Emmatha, near Gadara, ii. i. 101.
189, 210, 214. Emmaus (later Nicopolis), i. i. 215,
Eleasar, priest in time of Bar- 236 inhabitants sold as slaves
;

Cocliba, I. ii. 299 ; coins, i. ii. 384. by Cassius, i. i. 386 by order of ;

(2) Rabbis Antony again set free, i. i. 388 ;

Eleasar ben Arach, ii. i. 367, ii. 44. capital of a tojiarchy, ii. i. 157,
Eleasar ben Asariah, I. i. 126 ; li. 159 laid siege to by Vespasian,
;

i. 370, 372. I. ii. 231 whether the same as ;

Eleasar ben Zadok, i. i. 126 ; ll. i. Vespasian's military colony ? i.

373. ii. 253 f. ; from what time known
Eleasar ben Modein, i. ii. 299, 311. as Nicopolis, i. ii. 253 f. coins ;

(3) Others and era, i. ii. 253 f.

Eleasar, in his yearninetieth Emmaus, near Jerusalem, i. ii. 253 f.

martyr under Antiochus Epi- Emmaus, near Tiberias, i. ii. 224 ;

phanes, i. i. 209 f. II. i. 148.

Eleasar, brother of Judas Macca- Emperor, oath of provincials to, i.
baeus, i. i. 209, 223. i. 445 f., ii. 72 images of, on ;

Eleasar, a Pharisee in time of Roman standards, i. ii. 77, 83 ;

John Hyrcanus, i. i. 288. worship, II. i. 15 f.,* ii. 265, iii.

Eleasar, a Zealot, about a.d. 50, 267 I. ii. 91 f., 99 temple (K«<-
; ;

I. ii. 172, 177. axpsicc) in Palestine, li. i. 16, 21 ;

Eleasar, son of Simon, about a.d. I. 434 offerings for emperor in

i. ;

66-70, I. ii. 235, 237. temple of Jerusalem, ii. i. 302 f.,

Eleasar in Macharus, i. ii. 251. iii. 191, 267 ; I. ii. 76, 90, 210
 ;;

40 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

prayer for emperor also there, i. Epistles, pseudonymous, li, iii. 316,
ii. 77 see Authorities
;
Jews at ; 317.
court of the, in Rome, li. ii. 238 f. Epistolographi, ii. iii. 316.
En Jacob or En Israel, i. i. 135. Equestrian Order, Roman Governor,
Engaddi, or Engedi, capital of a see Procurator.
toparchy, 157, 159.
ii. i. Equestrian order conferred on Jews,
Eniachim, priestly tribe, ii. i. 221. 11. ii. 281.
Enoch : (1) Legends about him, ii. Eras. (1) Of a general character :

i. 342, iii. 70 inventor of astro- ; Olympiad era, B.C. 776, i. ii. 393 ff.

logy, II. iii. 58, 70, 211 ; return, Roman era, B.C. 753, i. ii. 393 if.

II. 'ii.158 ; (2) Book of, ii. iii. Of Alexander the Great, ii. i. 91.
54-73 transmission of text, ii.
; Seleucid era, B.C. 312, i. ii. 393 ff.
iii. 56 contents, ii. iii. 56-59
; ;
in the Books of Maccabees, i. i.
history of criticism, ii. iii. 60 ;
36-46 ; in Damascus, i. i. 44
original document, ii. iii. 61-66 ;
II. i. 97.
the allegories, ii. iii. 66-69 the ; Of Simon the Maccabee, B.C. 142,
Noachean portions, ii. iii. 69, 70 ;
I. i. 257-260.
its use in Jewish literature, ii. iii. Pompeian era, B.C. 64 - 42, see
70 by the Church fathers, ii. iii.
;
Abila, Dium, Dora, Gadara,
70 f. literature on the book, ii.
;
Gaza, Hippus, Kanata, Kanatha,
iii. 72 f. ; Messianic hope, ii. ii. Pella, Philadeli^hia, Scytho-
141, 144 astronomical views, i.
; polis
ii. 367-369. Of Gabinius, B.C. 57, see As-
Ensigns, Roman military standards, calon, Raphia.
I. ii. 78 f. Caesariana, B.C. 49, i. i. 326, 364,
Enthusiasm, prophetic, see Pro- 370, II. i. 94.
phets. Spanish, B.C. 38, 1, ii. 116.
Ei^aphroditus, patron of Josephus, Actian, B.C. 31, i. ii. 80.
I. i. 84, 94. Of Augustus, B.C. 27, I. ii. 77 f.,

Ephesus, Jews residing there, ii. ii. 125.

259 ; Jews enjoy rights of citizens Of the birth of Christ, literature
there, ii. ii. 273 their Roman ; in it, I. i. 22 f.

citizenship, ii. ii. 277 ; their Of the province of Arabia, I. ii.

synagogue, ii. ii. 282. 361.

Ephraim, city, its situation, i. i. Of Hadrian in Gaza, a.d. 129-130,
246 till B.C. 145 belonging to
;
295 ii. i. 72.
I. ii. ;

Samaria, afterwards to Judea, i. (2)Eras of cities :

i. 190, 191, 245 besieged by ;

Abila in Decapolis, ll. i. 105.
Vespasian, i. ii. 232 f. Ascalon, ii. i. 75.
Ephron = Gephrus, i. i. 220 f. Bostra, 361.
i. ii.

EjDic poetry of the Hellenistic Jews, Caesarea Philippi, ll. i. 133.

II. iii. 222. Capitolias, i. ii. 267.
Epigraphies = Inscriptions. Chalcis on Lebanon, i. ii. 344.
Epikrates, Syrian general, I. i. Damascus, i. i. 44 ; li. i. 97. '

283. Dium, II. i. 116.

Epiphanes, son of Antiochus of Dora, II. i. 89.
Com ma gene, I. ii. 157. Gaba, ll. i. 128.
Epiphanius on the Ssyrso^o-s/,- of tlie Gadara, ii. i. 101 f.
Jews, I. i. 130 on the Jewish ;
Gaza, II. i. 71, 72.
prayer against the Christians, ii. Hippus, II. i. 100.
ii. 88 f. on tlie Ossaeans and
;
Kanata, ii. i. 107.
Sampsaeans, ii. ii. 213. Kanatha, ii. i. 109.
Epiphanius, supposed translator of Neapolis, i. ii. 266.
Josephus, I. i. 99. Nicopolis (Emmaus), i. ii. 253 f.
 ;

-NAJIES AND SUBJECTS. 41

Pella, II. i. 115. White clothing, ii. ii. 199.

Petra, i. ii. 361, Modesty, ii. ii^ 199 f.
Philadelphia, ii. i. 120, Condemn marriage, ii. ii.
Ptolemeis, ii. i. 91, 94. 200.
Raphia, ii. i. 67. Reject animal sacrifices, ii.
Samaria (Sebaste), i. i. 405 ; ii. i. ii. 200.
125. Offered incense, li. ii. 200.
Sidon, II. i. 60. Had common meals, ii. ii.
Scythopolis, ii. i. 112. 200.
Tiberias, ii. i. 144. Used flesh and wine, ii. ii.
Tyre, II. i. 60, 61. 200 f.
Erotimus, king of the Arabians, i. (c) Theology and philosophy,
ii. 351. II. ii. 202-205.
Erubh, law and practice of, ii. ii. 7, Alisolute belief in provi-
37, 120. dence, II. ii. 202.
Erubin, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122. Strict observance of the law,
Erythraea, the Sibyl there, ii. iii. II. ii. 202.
273. Strict keeping of Sabbath,
Esbon, Esbu.s, city, i. i. 437 ; ii. i. II. ii. 203.
128-130 ; coins, ii. i. 130. Attitude toward priesthood,
Eschatology, Jewish, see Messianic II. ii. 203.

Hope. Invocation of sun, ii. ii. 203,

Eshnmnazar, king of Sidon, holds 213.
from Persian king the dominion Psychology and doctrine of
over Joppa and Dora, ii. i. 80, 88. iinmortality, ii. ii. 205,
Esdraelon, Plain of, i. ii. 89, 214.
Esebon, see Esbon. (2) Nature and origin, ii. ii.
Esebonitis, ii. i. 130. 205-218.
Esra, textual error for Gerasa, I. i. Various descriptions, ii. ii.
304; II. i. 117, ii. 207. 205-208.
Essenes, ii. ii. 188-218 * name and ; Eitschl, Lucius, Hilgenfeld,
antiquity, ll. ii. 190, 191 author- ; II. ii. 208.
ities regarding them, ii. ii. 192. Whether purely Jewish 1 ii.
(1) The facts, ii. ii. 192-205. 209-212.
ii.
(a) Organization of the com- Foreicn elements, ii. ii.
munity, II. ii. 192-198. 212-214.
Spread and locality, ii. ii. Buddhism and Parseeism,
192-194. II. ii. 215.
President, ii. ii. 194. Pythagoreanisni, ii. ii.
Test for admission, ii. ii. 194. 216-218.
Community of goods, ii. ii. Esther, Greek rendering, with addi-
195. tions, 181-183
II. Midrash
iii. ;

Occupation, 197, 198.

ii. ii. Esther, 149 i.read at Purim
i. ;

(h) Ethics, manners, and cus- feast inmonth Adar, i. ii. 370.
toms, II. ii. 198-205. Etam, aqueduct thence to Jerusalem,
Simplicity and abstinence, I. ii. 85.
II. ii. 198. Ethan, family of singers, ii. i. 271.
Slavery renounced, ii. ii. Ethicus, see Aethicus.
198. Ethics, rabbinical, ii. ii. 90 ff".
Oaths refused, ii. ii. 198 f. bright points, ii. ii. 124 laxity, ;

Anointing with oil for- II. ii. 122-125 see Foreigners ;

bidden, II. ii. 199. (hatred of), Keighbour, Lie, the

Batlisandwashingsenjoined, necessary of Jesus Sirach, ii. iii.
;

II. ii. 199. 24 IF. of the Piike Abotli, ii. iii.

;
 ;

42 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

31
; of the Testam. XII. Patr., il, the use of the book in the Cliris-
116 ; of Phocylides, ir. iii. 313
iii. tian Church, II. iii. 109 texts and ;

of Pliilo, II. iii. 338 ff., 378-380 ; their editions, ii. iii. 110-113;
of the Essenes, il. ii. 198-205. literature, 113 f. ; Messi-
ii. iii.

Etlmarch, as title of Jewish high anic Hope, II. ii. 151 f.

priest, I. i. 265, 378, 379; of Ezra, various apocryphal books of,
Archelaus, i. ii. 7, 39 ; Jewish in II. iii. 110.
Palestine down to time of Origen,
I. ii. 276; ii. i. 173; of Jews in
Alexandria, ii. ii. 244 ; of Aretas
in Damascus, i. ii. 347, 357 ; li. i.

. 66, 98. Fables, heathen, about the Jews,

Euhius of Ascalon, philosopher, il. 292-297, iii. 249-270.
II. ii.

i. 28. Fadus, see Cuspius Fadus.

Euboea, Jews residing there, ii. Falco, see Pompeius Falco.
ii. 222. Fall of Adam and its consequences,
Eulogius on the Samaritans, ii. ii. II. iii. 86, 96.
230. Famine under Herod, i. i. 406, 448 ;

Eupolemns, Jewish - Hellenistic under Claudius, i. ii. 169, conip.

writer, ii. iii. 198, 203-206 pro- ;
142 during siege of Titus, i. ii.
;

bably same as is referred to in 241.

First Book
of Maccabees, i. i. 197, Fasts among the Jews, ii. ii. 118 ;

231 II. iii. 204.

;
public, how celebrated, ii. ii. 71 ;

Euripides quoted by Philo, ii. iii. trumpet blowing at, ii. ii. 75 ;

364 forged verses, ii. iii. 298, 301.

;
of " those who feared God," ii. ii.
Eurycles of Lacedaemon at court of 306.
Herod, I. i. 442, 459. Fast-day, the great the day of =
Eusebius' Chronicle, i. i. 171 ii. ;
Atonement, i. i. 322, 398; the
i. 144. Sabbath wronglv regarded by the
Eutychus, freedman, i. i. 361, ii. 153. Romans as a, 1. 1. 322, 323, 398.
Evil, whether the creation of God, Fast Calendar, see Megillath Taa-
II. ii. 15 f. nith.
Exclusiveness of Jews, ii. iii. 268. Fast, opinion of Tacitus on Jewish,
Exegesis, see Haggada, Halacha, II. ii. 294.

Midrash. Fasti considares, literature about,

Exile (Dispersion, Tribes, the ten), I. i. 21.
II. ii. 223-225. Father, as title (see Abba, pater), ii.

Exodus, see Moses. i. 316.

Expiation of sin of people by martyr Feasts, journeys of Jews to the, ii.

death of righteous, ii. iii. 245. ii.51, 290 number of pilgrims

;

Ezekiel's vision, chap, i., ii. i. going to the, li. ii. 290.
347. Feasts, post-biblical :

Ezekiel, tragic poet, il. iii. 197, (1) Dedication of temple, I. i. 217.
225-228. (2) Nicanor's day, i. i. 230.
Ezra miraculously restores the Holy (3) Of wood carrying, ii. i. 252.
Scriptures, ii. iii. 109. (4) Special feasts of the Alexan-
Ezra, Greek rendering of the can- drians :

onical book, II. iii. 177-181. (a) Commemorating deliver-

Ezra iv.. Book, ii. iii. 93-114 con- ; ance from the elephants, ii.

tents, II. iii. 94-99 date of ; ii. 257, iii. 217.

composition, II. iii. 99-108 ;
(h) Celebrating the Greek
vision of the eagle, ii. iii. 100 tf. ;
translation of the Penta-
relation to the Apocalypse of teuch (Philo, Vita Mods,
Baruch, ii. iii. 89 references to
;
lib. II. c. 7, ed. Mangey, ii.
 ;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 43

140 sq., sliouki liave been Fountains in the park of Herod, i.

referred to at, ir. iii. 311). i. 440.

(5) Other clays of rejoicing-, see Fox, symbol of slyness, I. ii. 18.
Megillath Taanitli. Frankenberg, the so-called Jewish
Felix, procurator of Judea, i. ii. fortress, 436. i. i.

174-184 name, i. ii. 175

; his ; Freedmen, their civil rights and
three wives, i. ii. 176 parties in ;
status, 276.
II. ii.

his time, I. ii. 177-181 ; date of Freedom, human, see Providence.

his recall, i. ii. 182. Fruj^i, see Tittius Frugi.
Felt hats and socks, ii. i. 44. Fruit trees, gifts of produce to
Festus, see Porcius Festus. priests, ii. i. 237.
Finances, administration of, in Fulvia, II. ii. 235.
Roman provinces, i. ii. 66-71. Furniture, purifying it from levi-
Fire on the altar always burning, tical uncleanness, ii. ii. 107-109 ;

II. i. 283 kindling on Sabbath

; of heathens unclean, ir. i. 54
forbidden, ii. ii. 99 f. Greek and Roman, in Palestine,
First-born of beasts, ii. i. 231, 242- II. i. 45, 46.
244 ; of man, ii. i. 242 f.

First-fruits given to the priests, ii.

i. 231, 237 carried in basket by

; G
Agrippa to the temple, i. ii. 156.
Fiscus Gaesaris, i. ii. 66. Gaba, fortress, i. i. 437 ; ii. i. 127 f.

Fiscus Judaicus, ii. i. 251, ii. 266, coins and era, ii. i. 128.
267. Gabael in the Book of Tobit, ii. iii,
Fish, cured, Egyptian, Spanish, etc. 38.
(Kolias), II. 1. 42, 43. Gabao, see Gibeon.
Flaccus, persecutor of the Jews, see Gabara, ii. i. 103 ; one of the
Avillius. largest cities in Galilee, ii. i.

Flavia, Antonina, Jewess or prose- 139.

lyte in Eome, ii. ii. 308. Gabinius, general of Pompey, i. i.
Flavia Augusta Caesarea, see Caesa- 320 proconsul of Syria, i. i. 330 f.,
;

rea. 372-375 campaign against the

;

Flavia Joppa, ii. i. 82. Nabateans, i. ii. 355 divides ;

Flavia Neapolis, see Neapolis. Judea into five districts, i. i.

Flavins Clemens, ii. ii. 239, 309 f. 372 ; 168

restorer of heathen
II. i. ;

Flavins Silva, i. ii. 251, 259. cities of Palestine, ii. i. 62 ; era

Flax, see Linen. of Gabinius in Raphia and Asca-
Fleet, the Syrian, in time of Had- lon, II. i. 67, 75 Tufiivni; as ;

rian, 304. I. ii. titleof citizens of Kanatha and

Flesh, gifts of, to priests, ir. i. 240, Samaria, ii. i. 109, 124.
i. ii.272 use of, by the Essenes,
; Gad = Tyche, ii. i. 23.
II. ii. 201 see also Blood (for-
; Gadara, i. i. 196, 297, 301, 323, 404,
bidden). Swine, Beasts (unclean). 428, ii. 6, 231 ii. i. 100-104 * ; ;

Florilegia, Greek, ii. iii. 326. belonged to Decapolis, ii. i. 95;

Florus, see Gesius Floras. era, li. i. 101 worship, ii. i. 20
; ;

Food, foreign, in Palestine, ii. 1. coins, II. i. 101 ; writers belong-

42 f. see washing of hands.
; ing to it, II. i. 29, 103 f. games ;

Foreigners (strangers) residing in and theatre, ii. i. 27 ; Jews resid-

Palestine, legislation about them, ing there, ii. i. 102.
II. ii. 315-319 Jewish hatred of, ; Gadara, see Gazara.
II. ii. 296, iii. 253, 268 f. Galaadites, Galaaditis, see Gilead.
Forged verses of classic writers, n. Galasa = Gerasa, ii. i. 95, 117 f.
iii.294-302. Galatia, the tetrarchs of, i. ii. 7 f. ;
Fortunatus, i. ii. 36. in regard to Jews residin<' tliere
44 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

reference should have been made others in towns of

Hellenistic
to Joseph us, Antiq. xvi. 6. 2 ; Palestine, 23-28 i. i. 248
li. i. ; ;

Corpus. Inscrip. Qraec. n. 4129 ; in Berytus, 160 f., 249 in

i. ii. ;

Revue des dudes juives, x. 1885, Jerusalem and other Jewish cities,
p. 97. II. i. 33 I. i. 405, 432, 438 f.
;
in ;

Galba, emperor, i. i. 370, ii. 232, honour of the emperor, I. ii. 163 ;

II. i. 24 Aiovwict, in Jerusalem

;

Galilee, not politically united to in time of Antiochus Epiphanes,

Judea in times of Maccaliees, i. i. II. i. 24 judgment of Pharisaic
;

191 population mainly non-

;
Judaism upon them, II. 1. 33 see ;

Jewish, I. i. 192 ;campaign of also Drama, Marionettes, Chance

Simon there, I. i. 220 Judaiz- ;
(games of).

ing by Aristobulus I., I. i. 293 f. ;

Garis, village of, I. ii. 220.
Herod, governor of, i. i. 383 ;
Garments, see Industry, Trade.
Tyre a neighbouring state, i. i. Garmu, priestly family, engaged in
387 ; extent and population in preparing the shewbread, ii. i.

time of Josephus, ii. i. .3-5 con- ; 268.

stitution, II. i. 15G Sepphoris,
; Gaul, Jews residing there, ii. ii.
capital, II. i. 138 Tiberias,
; 242 ;inscription of a merchant
capital, II. i. 146 Josephus; of Kanatha, ii. i. 108 Herod ;

organizes the constitution after Antipas banished to Lugdunum

the pattern of that of Judea, i. ii. in, I. ii. 36 Archelaus banished
;

215 the three largest cities are

;
to Vienne in, i. ii. 42.
Tiberias, Sepphoris, and Gabara, Gaulana ('Golan), jjlace so called, I. i.

II. i. 139; dialect of, ii. i. 10; 301, 304, ii. 12.
system of weights different from Gaulanitis, district, i. ii. 12 ; mixed
that of Judea, ii. i. 4, Addenda in population, ii. 1. 2-4.
Index vol. linen industry, ii.
;
i. Gauls in the armv of Herod, i. i. 447.
42 synagogue coins, ii. ii. 70.
;
Gaza, citv, n. i." 68-72 ; * i. i. 195,
Gallus, see Aelius Gallus, Cestius 248, 298, 306, 404, 428, ii. 6j
.Gallus. old and new, to be distinguished,
Gamala, situation, i. ii. 225 * under ;
II. i. 70 ; ep'/iuo;, II. i. 70 ; haven
the rule of one Demeti'ius, ll. i. of=Majuma Gazae or Constantia,
60 conquered by Alexander
;
II. i.70 ;
constitution, ii. i. 70 ;
Janniius, i. i. 304 turns from
;
era, ll. i. 70 ; worship, ii. i. 12 ;

Agrippa II. and ioins the rebel- trade with Athens in Persian
lion, I. ii. 199, 200, 215 con- ; age, 11. i. 68 calendar, ii. i. 72 ;
;

quered by Vespasian, i. ii. 225 ;

coins, II. i. 69, 71 games, ii. i. ;

see also Gamalitis. 25, I. ii. 296 wine, n. i. 41.

;

Gamala, Lucilius, i. ii. 304. =

Gazara( Gaser), i. i. 236, 261 f.,*
(Gamaliel I., Rabban, i. ii. 269, 271 ;
263, 270, 277, 372 ; called also
II. i. 363,* comp. ii. i. 323, 326, Gadara, i. i. 372.
335, 357 ; not president of San- Gehenna, ii. ii. 183.
hedrim, II. i. 183. Gemara, i. i. 133.
Gamaliel II., Rabban, il. i. 365-370, Gematria (a rabbinical art of finding
comp. I. i. 126, 269, 270, 273; numbers in words), ii. i. 343.
II. i. 323, 324 ; visits bath of Gemellus at the court of Herod, i. i.
Aphrodite at Ptolemais, ii. 53 i.'
;
442.
fixing of intercalary year condi- Genarches of Jews in Alexandria,
tional on his aj)proval, i. ii. 370. II. ii. 244.

Gamaliel III., ii. i. 318. Genealogies of the priests, ii. i. 210;

Gamalitis district, i. ii. 32 mixed ;
of the Israelites, ii. i. 212, ii. 157.
population, ll. i. 2 and 4. Genesis, the little, Book of Jubilees,
Games, every fourth year, and see Jubilees.
 ; ;

D. —NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Genoa, Jews residing there, ii. ii. Gischala ( = el-Dschisch), i. ii. 215,
242. 216, 225;* synagogue there, ii. ii.
Geography of Palestine, literature 71.
of, I. i. 14-20 Josephus' notions
; Gittin, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123.
of, I. 1. 109 Agrippa's chart of
; Gladiators, see Games.
the world, i. ii. 117. Gladiijus or 2Mtestas, i. ii. 57.
Georgius Syncellus, see Syncellus. Glaphyra, daughter of King Arche-
Gephrus = Ephron, i. i. 220 f. laus of Capi)adocia, i. i. 456, ii.
Gerasa, city, ii. i. 116-119;* I. i. 40 f. ; inscriijtion at Athens, i. ii.
197, 304, 231 belonging to
ii. ; 40.
Decapolis, ii. i. 95 worship, ii. i. ; Glass manufacture at Sidon, ii. i.
20 coins, li. i. 118 writers be-
; ; 45; comp. on the Phoenician glass
longing to, II. i. 29, 119 games, ;
manufacture, Perrot and Chipiez,
II. i. 28 Jews residing there, ii.
; Histoire de I'art dans I'antiquM, t.
i. 117. iii. 1885, pp. 732-750.

Gerasa, another city of that name, God, nature of, in forged verses of
I. ii. 231. Greek poets (unity and omnipo-
Gerim, Talmudic tract, i. i. 144. tence), II. iii. 298 If. ; Philo's
Gerinanicus, i. i. 358 f. doctrine of, ii. iii. 369 f. ; of Jews
Germans in the army of Ilerod, i. i. worshipped without images,
447. heathen view of, ii. ii. 295, 'iii.

Gerusia in Jerusalem, ir. i. 166, 1 67, 265; opinion of Strabo, il. ii. 298;
172 of Jews in Alexandria, i. ii.
; tyJi6r-/j: of Jews, ii. iii. 264 ff.; Son

94 ; II. ii. 244, 247. of, as predicate of the Messiah, ii.

Gerusiarchos or Gerusiarchon, ii. ii. ii. 159.
248 f. Gods, 365 spoken of by Orpheus, ii.
Geser, see Gazara. iii. 299 wor.shipped in heathen
;

Gessius Florus, procurator, i. ii. cities of Palestine, ii. i. 12-23;

190, 191, 208. Arabian, ii. i. 22.
Gezer, see Gazara. God-fearing = Proselytes.
Gibeon, near Jerusalem, i. ii. 212. Gog and Magog, ii. ii" 165, iii. 279.
Gifts or legacies, see Gongiaria ; to Golan, see Gaulana.
the priests and temple, ii. i. 230- Gold denarius, II. i. 38 f.
254 paid by Jews of dispersion,
;
Good, the highest, according to
II. i. 247 f., i'i. 257 f., 26,3, 288 f ;
Philo, II. iii. 379.
paid in Tyrian or Phoenician Goods, community of, among
money, ii. i. 40, 244, 250; Essenes, ii. ii. 195.
whether paid after destruction of Gophna, situation, ii. 1. 158 ; in-
temple, i. ii. 272, 277 ii. i. 251, ; habitants sold as slaves by Cassius,
ii.263, 290 obligation of ])ro-
; I. i.386; restored to freedom by
selytes to pay, ii. ii. 307, 324 orders of Antony, i. i. 388; capital
for the poor, ii. i. 241 ; see of a toparchy, ii. i. 157, 158
Custom, Taxes. besieged by Vespasian, i, ii. 232
Gilead, population in beginning of Gorsjias, Syrian general, i. i. 214,
Maccabean age, i. i. 192 f. ; ex- 221.
pedition of Judas thither, i. i. Gorion, son of Joseph, i. i. 228, 230;
220 ; of Alexander Jannaus, i. i. see Abba Gorion.
301 Galaaditis perhaps stands
; Gorionides, i. i. 165 f.
for Gamalitis in Josephus, Antiq. Gorpiaios, see Months.
xviii. 5. 1, I. ii. 32. Gortyna, Jews residing there, il. ii.
Ginnabrin, i. ii. 89 f. 221 ; see also Crete.
Giora=the proselyte, ii. ii. 315 Gospels should be burnt, according
see Simon bar Giora. to R. Tarphon, ii. i. 377.
Gisbarim, ii. i. 261 f. Governors, Roman, see legati, pro-
 ;

46 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

ronsules, prorurafores. Succession in Mishna, ii. i. 31 f., 46; names

of Roman Governors in Syria, i. among the Jews of Palestine, ii. i.
i.328-370 in Judea, I. ii. 81 f.,
; 47; kiirbis(pumpkins)and hyssop,
166-191,258-264; underHerodian II. i. 43; not understood by people

princes in the cities, ii. i. 66. of Scythopolis, ll. ii. 82 study ;

Grace before and after meat, ii. ii. forbidden by Rabbis during the
117 might be said in other
; Quietus war, ii. ii. 60; in public
languages than Hebrew, ii. ii. 10, worship in the dispersion, ii. ii.
284. 283 f. writers, their views of
;

Grain, a chief product of Palestine, Judaism, ii. ii. 291-297, iii. 249-
II. i. 41 gifts thereof to the
;
262 writers of Palestinian descent,
;

priests, 237.
ii. i. II. i. 28 f.

Grammar of rabbinical language, l. Greeks at the court of Herod, i. i.

i. 139. 441 f.
Gratus, officer of Herod, i. ii. 51. Groats, Cilician, ii. i. 43.
Gratus, procurator, see Valerius Gropina, see Agrippinas.
Gratus. Grossetest, translator of Testam. XII.
Graves are unclean, I. ii. 19 f. Jew- ; Pair., II. iii. 123.
ish inscriptions on, literature of, Gusch-Chalab =
Gischala, i. ii. 225.
I. i. 31-34; celebrated — Gymnasium in Jerusalem in time of
(1) In and near Jerusalem: David's, Maccabees, i. i. 203; in heathen
I. i. 276; John Hyrcanus', i. i. cities of Palestine, see Games,
290; Alexander Jan nans', i. i. Gymnosophists, Indian, ii. ii. 206.
305 monument of Herod, i. i.
;

467; kings' graves, ii. ii. 310 f.;

monument of Helena, ii. ii. 310; H
of St. James, with inscrip-
tion of bene Chesir, i. i. 31. Habdala, ll. ii. 88.
On other graves : see Tobler, Hadrian, emperor, letter to Servianus
Topographie von Jerusalem, ii. about the Egyptians, ii. ii. 230 ;

227 if. travels of, I. ii. 295 f. coins with ;

(2) In Palestine: Patriarchs' graves inscription advent iii Aug. Jn-

:

at Hebron (see Josephus, IVars daeae, i. ii. 296; exercitus Judaicus,

of the Jews, iv. 9. 7) of Joshua ; I. 314; rebellion of Jews, and

ii.

at Thanma, ll. i. 158 f.; of the war against, i. li. 287-321;* occa-
Maccabees at Modein, i. i. 210, sion of this war, l. ii. 289-294 ;

233,254; of Archelaus at Beth- course of the war, i. ii. 297-312

lehem, I. ii. 42. On graves of chronology, i. ii. 295, 297, 311 f.;
Rabbis in Galilee, .see Carmoly, whether in Palestine during the
Itineraires de la Terre Sainte, war, I. ii. 305 f.; title oi hnjjerator,
1847. I. ii. 313 founding of Aelia
;

(3) In the Dispersion at Roiue,

: Capitolina, I. ii. 291, '294 f., 315-
II. ii. 240; at Venosa, 2i2. II. ii. 317; statue of emperor in the
(h'eece, Jews dwelling there, ii. ii. temple, i. ii. 317; forbids Jews to
222, 232,* 270, 282 Oriental ;
enter Aelia, I. ii. 315 forbids ;

religions introduced there, ll. ii. circumcision,i. ii. 291-293, 318 ;

300 f. ; relations with the East, see 267 f.

II. ii.

Athens, Sparta, and following Haftaroth = Readings from the Pro-

article. phets, II. ii. 81.
Greek influences on the internal Hajadath Megilla, i. i. 149.
development of Palestinian Juda- Haggada, i. i. 117 f., ii. i. 327, 339-
ism, II. i. 350, ii. 216 f.; language 350 see Legends, Midrashim
; ;

among Jews of Palestine, ii. i. Josephus' knowledge of, I. i. 85,

47-50; see also Hellenism; words 108 passages from Jerusalem and
;
 ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 47

Babylonian Talmud (Jephe mare ii. 204 ; in Book of Tobit, ii. ii,
and £:n Jacob), i. i. 134. 38.
Haircloth, Cilician, ii. i. 44. Heatlien culture in Palestine, see
Halacha, i. i. 117f.; ir. i. 321-324, Hellenism.
330-339 * declared to be legally
; Heathenism, literary polemic of
binding, ii. ii. 12; not acknow- Jews against, ii. iii. 262-270.
ledged by tlie Sadducees, ii. ii. 34; Heatlienism, rabbinical casuistry
Philo's acquaintance with it, ii. keeps up separation from, ii. i.
iii.365; Josephus' acquaintance 52-56.
with it, I. i. 85, 108. Heathens, judgment of against
Halicarnassus, Jews residing there, Judaism, ii. ii. 291-297, iii!' 249-
II. ii. 221, 258, 268. 262 offer sacrifices in Jerusalem,
;

Hallel, II. i. 291. II. i. 299-305 ; those who "feared

Hamath, in Babylon,
district God" among, see Proselytes.
heathen colonists sent to Samaria, Heathens as such unclean, ii. i. 54,
II. i. 6. ii. 320 intercoui\se with, re-
;

Hamath on Lebanon, i. i. 251. stricted by rabbinical injunc-

Hananiah, see Ananias and Clia- tions, II. i. 53 f., 54 f. see also ;

naniali. Exclusiveness.
Hands, defiling of, by touching Heave-offerings for the priests, see
books of Holy Scrij^ture, li. i. 309, Terumah.
ii. 5 f., 36 washing of, generally,
; Heaven, metonym for God, ii. ii.
II. ii. 109-111 before eating, ii. 171 kingdom
; ; of, ii. ii. 170f.
ii. Ill, 209 f. before prayer, ll. Hebran in Hauran,
; in tetrarchy
ii. 70 ; of officiating priests, ii. i. of Philip, I. ii. 13.
278, iii. 116; laying on of, ii. i. Hebrew language in Palestine in
177. time of Christ, ii. i. 9 f. ; in what
Handicraft and the office of scribes, cases its use obligatory, ii. i. 10,
II. i. 318. ii. 284f; Philo's knowledge of,
Handkerchiefs, ii. 1. 44. II. iii. 365 ; Joseplius' knowledge
Hannas, see Ananos. of, I. i. 108 new words and ;

Haphtaroth = Readings from the grammatical forms in rabbinical,

Prophets, ii. ii. 81. I. i. 138 f.

Harbours in Palestine, see Ascalon, Hebrews (Aifipioi), synagogue of, in

Azotus, Caesarea, Gaza, Jamnia, Rome, II. ii. 248.
Joppa, Ptolemais. Hebron, destroyed by Judas Mac-
Harps, II. i. 272. cabaeus, i. i. 221 overcome by ;

Hasmoneus, i. i. 266. Simon Bar - Giora, i. ii. 232

Hasmonean dynasty founded by destroyed by Cerealis, i. ii. 233 ;
Simon, i. i. 265 name of dynasty, ; yearly market at the terebinth
I. i. 266
genealogy, i. ii. 400
; ; near, 314. i. ii.
chronology, i. i. 272 title of ; Hecataeus of Abdera, Jewish for-
king, I. i. 292 judgment of ; geries under his name, li. iii. 302-
Psalms of Solomon on, ii. iii. 306, 297 ; comp. ii. i. 218, 283 ;

18, 19 ; of Assuwptio Mods, ii. older than Aristeas, ii. iii. 303,
iii. 75. 306.
Hasmoneans, Mishna of, i. i. 130, ii. Hecataeus of Miletus, geographer,
iii. 5. II. i. 88 (on the genuineness of
Hasor, see Hazoi\ his work, see also Diels, Hermes,
Hauran, see Auranitis. xxii. 1887, p. 411 ff.).
Hazor, place so named, i. i. 249. Hecate, worship of, in Gaza, ii. i. 12.
Healing of sick on Sabbath day, ii. Hecatombs, offerings, ii. i. 302.
ii. 104 by magical arts, ii. iii.
; Hegesippus, Cliristian writer, on
151-155 among the Essenes, ii.
; James the Just, i. ii. 187 f.; on
 —

48 D. NAMES AND SUBJECIS.

search for descendants of David Hermippus Calliniachus, ii. iii. 161,

by Vespasian, Doniitian, and 317.
Trajan, i. ii. 279. Herod the Great
Hegesippus (Pseudo), De Bella (1) Josephus' sources for his his-
Judaico, I. i. 100, 101 used by ; tory, I. i. 60, 88 non-extant ;

Josippon, I. i. 166. works on him (his own Me-

Heifer, the reil, by wliat high moirs, Ptolemy, Nicolas of
"
priests burnt, i. i. 289 ii. i. ; Damascus. Justus of Tiberias),
197. I. i. 56 If., 65 ff.

Helbon on Lebanon, inscription (2) Descent— whether of Ascalon,

there, i. ii. 192, 193. I. i. 314 ; 'Uuiiovhcclo;, I. i. 419 ;

Helena of Adiabene, ii. ii. 309- date of his birth, i. i. 383 do- ;

311. ings and fortunes prior to his

Helicon, slave of Caligula, i. ii. 96. appointment as king, i. i. 383-
Heliopolis in Egypt, where Abra- 390 appointment as king, i.
;

ham had interce)urse with the i.393 conquers Palestine, i. i.

;

priests, ii. iii. 211 a sanctuary ; 393-399. . ,

there founded by Jacob's sons, ii. (3) Reign, i. i. 399-p2 chrono- ; f/

iii. 207 Jewish temple in Nomos
; logical summary, i. i. 400-416 ;

of, see Leontopolis, position as king in eye of lav.-,

Heliopolis in Syria, i. ii. 340. I. i. 448-451, ii. 122-127.

Helios, worship in Ascalon, ii. i. Policy—
14 ; in Damascus, ii. i. 19 in ; (a) —
Foreign Relations to An-
Gaza, II. i. 12 in Hauran, ii. i.; tony and Cleopatra, i. i. 422-
23; of sun -god in Rome, ii. ii. 426; to Augustus, i. i. 426-
302. 429, 448-453, 458-464.
Hell, see Gehenna. {b) Home Policy Relations to —
Hellenism in Palestine, l. i. 194- Pharisees and Sadducees, i.
199, 202 ; il. i. 11-51.* i.419, 444, 445, 463 to the ;

Hellenistic cities in Palestine, his- nobles in Jerusalem, i. i. 419,

tory and constitution, ii. i. 57- 445; II. i. 170; to the As-
149 ;Judaism, literature of, ii. nionean family, I. i. 419-
iii. 156-381 ; see also Dispersion ;
423.
Jew in Asia Minor in time of (4) Sundrv details—Buildings, i.

Aristotle, ii. ii. 225. i.405, 408, 409, 413, 432-438,*

Heman, family of temple singers, 440 ; still existing remnants cjf
II. i. 271. his works theatre at Jeru-
:

Henierobaptists, ii. ii. 210. salem, I. i. 432 f. David's ;

Heraclides, minister of Antiochus tower, I. i. 433 ; temple

Epiphanes, i. i. 240. walls, I. i. 439 ; temple in
Heraclitus draws from Moses, ii. iii. Kanatha, l. i. 434 ; colonnaded
367 Epistles of, ii. iii. 316.
; street in Samaria, li. i. 125 ;

Hercules, relationship with Abra- fortress of Herodium, i. i. 435 ;

ham, II. iii. 310 descendants, ii. ; fortress of Masada, i. i. 436, ii.
iii. 210 Jews sent to Tyre offer-
; 251 f. Character, i. i. 416 f. ;

ings for, I. i. 203 worship of, in ; indications of culture and taste,

Caesarea, ii. i. 17 in Gadara, ii. ; I. 440-442
i. memoirs com- ;

i. 20 in Pliiladelphia, ll. i. 20
; ;
posed by him, i. i. 56 oath ;

in Hauran, ii. i. 22. refused by Pharisees, l. i. 445 ;

Herennius Capito, i. ii. 99, 152. e-riTpoTTog of Syria, I. i. 453 ;

Hermes identified with Moses, il. family, i. i. 396, 420-423, 430-

iii. 206 father of Sikiniios,
; 432, 454-464 enlargements of ;

foi;nder of Shechem, ii. iii. 225: territory, l. i. 404, 409, 453;

Hermes Trismecistus, ii. iii. 319. yenealo^v, I. ii. 401 ; observ-
 ;

T). NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 49

ance of requirements of law, I. ii. 250 ; another fortress of same

I. i. 443, 444 f. Greeks at his ; name, i. i. 435.
court, I. i. 442 high priests ; Heromicas=Jarmuk, river, ii. i.

appointed and deposed by him, 101.

II. i. 197 f. wars with Arabians, ; Heroon in Gaza, ii. i. 12.
see Malchus I. and Obodas II. ;
Hesbon, see Esbon.
coins, I. i. 443, 450 palace in ;
Hesiod, verses on the Sabbath, ii.
Ascalon, i. ii. 7 ii. i. 76 palace ;
;
iii. 296 f 302. ,

in Jerusalem, see Buiklings ;

Hesychius, recension of the Septua-
policy, I. i. 448 ;
prescriptions, i. gint, II. iii. 165 f.

i. 401, 420 ; ii. i. 170 ; travels to Hexapla of Origen, ii. iii. 164 f.
Rome, I. i. 410, 411,414; games, Hezekiah, king of Judah, ordered
I. i. 405, 438 f. cities founded ; suppression of Solomon's "Book
or rebuilt, i. i. 434 f. ; ii. i. 85 f., of Cures," ii. iii. 153 f.
123-132 remission of taxes, i.
; Hezekiah, high priest in time of
i. 409,411, 448 studies, human- ; Ptolemy Lagus i. i. 188.
ist, I. i. 442 temple, see Build- ; Hezekiah, captain of robl)er band,
ings wills, first, second, and
; I. i. 383.
third, I. i. 415, 416, 461-464 ;
Hieromices, Hieromax, ri\er, ii. i.

death and burial, i. i. 464-467 ;

101.
year of death, i. i. 465-467 ;
High priests, history specially at-
estimate of him in Assumptio tended to by Josephus, l. i. 89.
Mods, II. iii. 75. 1. Succession :

Herod, son of Herod. the Great by («) From Alexander the

the second 415, Mariamme, i. i. Great to time of Macca-
455, 462, ii. 20, 21, 22. I. i. 188 f.
bees,
Ilerod, son of Herod the (heat by {h) In time of Maccabees :

Cleopatra, i. ii. 20. Onias III., i. i. 202-204 ;

Herod Antipas, see Antipas. Jason, I. i. 202-204

Herod Archelaus, see Archelaus. Menelaus, i. i. 204, 226 ;

Herod Agrippa, see Agripjia. Alcimus, I. i. 227, 230,

Herod of Chalcis, i. ii. 159, 192 f., 234-236.
341-344 ; coins and inscrijitions, (c) The Asmonean princes
I. ii. 343 high priests ajjpointed
; from Jonathan to Anti-
by, II. ii. 200." gonus, I. i. 241-399 here- ;

Herod Atticus, i. i. 417, ii. 260. ditarv succession, i. i. 264;

Herod of Ascalon at Puteoli, i. i. title," I. i. 265, 284, 292,
315. 293, 305, 378, 392; [as
Herod, days of, referred to by Per- analogous, compare the
sius, II. ii. 306. princes of Chalcis and
Hpuhifi;, orthography of name and Iturea, Ptolemy, Lysanias,
various men of name of Herod, and Zenodorus], i. ii. 332,
I. i. 416 f. 334.
Herodias, daughter of Aristobulus, (d) From Herod the Great to
I. ii. 21 f., 23-28, 36, 151 date ; the Destruction of Jeru-
of her marriage with Antipas, salem, II. i. 197-202 I. ii. ;

I. 31.
ii. 228.
Herodia.«,supposed name also of 2. Political position, i. i. 188,
daughter of Antipas, i. ii. 28. 284, ii. 72; li. i. 184-190,
Herodium, fortre.ss, built by Herod 197-206 * also in Roman
;

the Great, i. i. 435 ; Herod buried Age high priest is 'TrpoaToi.Tfi^

there, i. i. 467
capital of a top- ; lav sdi/ovg, I. ii. 72 presidents
;

archy, ii. in Jewish

i. 157, 160 ; of Sanhedrim, ii. i. 180-184 ;

war conquered by Lucilius Bassus, deposed, retained privileges

D
 ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

and 202 f.
functions, ii. i. ;
363 f. ;
quoted by Josephus, l. i.

iamilies, 202-206 ii. i. 86 ;

probably referred to in
several Sanhe-
dpxtspik in Mishna (Judajim iv. 6), ir. ii. 6;

drim, II. i. 182, 202-206; Polemic against, in Sibyllines, ii,

belonged to Sadducean party, iii. 279 spurious verses on
;

178 or Pharisees, ii. i.

II. i. ; Sal^bath, ii. iii. 297, 302.
178 violent proceedings of,
; Homonadensians conquered by
during a.d. 50-66, i. ii.' 181, Quirinius, i. i. 351 f.
189. Honja temple, see Onias, Leonto-
3. Position of the priests— polis.
marriage laws, li. i. 210 ;
Honorius, see Julius Honorius.
cleanness, ii. i. 213 ; beauti- Ho])e, the Messianic, see Messianic
ful robe, II. i. 256 ; history Hope.
of that robe, I. ii. 76, 167; Horajoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 124.
dress on day of Atonement Horace on the Jews, ii. ii. 304, 308.
of white, II. 1 43, 256 ; daily Hcisn, supposed identity witii
meat-offering, ll. i. 287-289 ;
Hippus, I. ii. 225 ; ii. i. 99.
sacerdotal functions, il. i. Hot Springs, see Baths.
254 ff. ; exercised also by Houses in Palestine not to be let to
Asmonean princes, see John heathens, ii. i. 55 of heathens ;

Hyrcanus, i. i. 284 by ; unclean, ii. i. 54.

Alexander Janniius, i. i. 300. Human sacrifices charged against
Hillel, the elder, ii. i. 180, 323, 334, Jews, II. ii. 296, iii. 266.
353, 356, 359-363 his seven ; Hyksos, according to Manetho, ii.
rules, II. i. 336 f. proverbs, ii. i.
;
iii. 249 f.

353 introduces a Prosbol, ii. i.

; Hyparchs of cities, ii. i. 146.
362 Hellel =pro/«rMts accord-
f. ; Hyperberetaios, see Months.
ing to Jerome, i. i. 119; schools Hypsicrates, i. i. 52.
()f'Shammaiand,ii. i. 334,359-363. Hyrcania, fortress, i. i. 372, 436,*
Hillel, patriarch in fourth cent, a.d., 447.
his calendar reform, i. ii. 372. Hyrcania on Caspian Sea, Jews
Hippicus, tower on palace of Herod, residing there, ii. ii. 223.
I. ii. 211, 247. Hyrcanus, origin of name, i. i.
Hippodrome, see Games. 273 f.
Hippolytus, -T^epl rou 'Tsrxuroi, I. i. Hyrcanus, son of Joseph, builds
94. palace of Arak el-Emir, ii. i.

Hippus, 98-100,* i. i. 196,

city, ii. i. 36.
306, 323, 404, 428, ii. 6 situa- ;
Hyrcanus I., see John Hyrcanus.
tion, see Addenda in Appendix Hyrcanus IL, son of Alexandra,
vol. belonging to Decapolis, ii. i.
;
high priest during reign of iiis
95 era and coins, ii. i. 100 'Ai/r/o-
;
; mother, i. i. 308, 312 fortunes ;

xu; -zpo; "Itt'ttov, II. 1. 100; Jews and doings during reign of his
residing there, li. i. 100. brother Aristobulus II., i. i.

Hiram, king of Phoenicia, see 313-325 reference to, in Psalms

;

Suron. of Solomon, il. iii. 20 high ;

Hispalus, praetor, li. ii. 233. priest and prince, u.c. 63-40, i.
History : i. 371-391 president of Sanhe- ;

(1)Of Palostinean Jews, il. iii. drim, II. i. 182 coins (?), i. i.
;

6-15, 114f., 133-151. 306 ; taken prisoner by Parthians,

(2) Of Hellenistic Jews, ii. iii. I. i. 390 set free by Partliians,
;

195-222. I. i. 401, 420; death, I. i. 404,

Holoferncs in Book of Judith, ii. 427.
iii. 32 f. Hyrcanus, son of Herod of Chalcis,
Homer quoted by Philo, ii. iii. I. ii. 342.
 ; ;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 51

n3'rcaiuis, son of Joseplius, i. i. 82. 206

11. ii. clotliing materials
;

Hyssop, II. i. 43. from, II. i. 43 f.

Hystaspes, ii. iii. 292. Industry in Palestine, ii. i. 37-46.
Inns, II. i. 33.
Inscriptions, general literature re-
garding, I. i. 28-34; (1) Non-
Jewish, I. i. 29 f.
; (2) Jewish,
Idolatry, see Heathenism. I. i. 31-34 Kabatean,
; (3) i. ii.
Idumea, a toparchy of Judea, ii. i. 345-348.
157, 159, 160. Inspiration of Old Testament, ii. i.
Idumeans (Edomites), territory ori- 307 f. prophetic, according to
;

s;inally occupied, i. ii. 350 Philo, II. iii. 366.

;

fought against, by Judas Macca- Instruction, see School.

haeus, i. i. 220, 221 compelled ; Intercalary month among Jews,
to receive circumcision and accept I. ii. 369-374.
the law of Moses by John Hyr- Intercession of departed saints for
canus, I. 1. 280 take part in ; the people, ii. iii. 214.
Jewisli rebellion, a.d. 6'7-G8, i. ii. Intercourse of Jews of Dispersion
229, 230 colony in Trachonitis,
; Avith Jerusalem, ii. ii. 289-291.
I. ii. 13 II. i. 4; converts received
;
Intermediate beings according to
as Israelites in the third genera- Philo, II. iii. 371-373.
tion, I. ii. 157 ; vinegar (Edomite), Intermediate st;ite between death
42 see also Edom.
II. i. ; and resurrection, ii. ii. 180 ;
Hebrew month, i. ii. 363.
Ijjar, Jeremiaji though dead intercedes
Images among Jews forbidden, ii. i. for the people, ^11. ii. 214.
52-54, I. i.'444, ii. 77-79, 83, 86, Irbid, see Arbela.
89 no, on coins of Asmoneans,
; Irenaeus, rhetorician at court of
Herodians, and Roman procura- Herod, i. i. 442.
tors, see Coins of eagle on ; Irene, goddess, ii. i. 23.
temple, i. i. 444, 463 ; ii.' i. 36 ;
Isaiah, legends aliout,ii. i. 345 ;
of animals on palace at Tiberias, apocryphal writings about liim,
II. i. 36 of animals in Arak el-
; II. iii. 141-146.
Emir, II. i. 36 worship without, ; Isana, place sonamed, i. i. 396.
how received by heathens, ii. ii. Isidorus Hispalensis on the census
295. of Augustus, I. ii. 115.
Imalkue, Arabian, i. i. 247, ii. 351. Isis, worship of, in tlie Hauran, ii.
Immortality, doctrine of, among the i. 23 in Greece,
; ii. ii.300 in ;
Essenes, ii. ii. 205 in Book of ; Rome, II. ii. ,301.
Jubilees, ii. iii. 138 in the ; Ishmael, son of Phabi, high priest,
Wisdom of Solomon, ii. iii. 233 f. II. i. 198; son of Phabi (a
in Fourth Book of Maccabees, ii. younger) high priest, ii. i. 197,
iii. 245 in Philo, ii. iii. 377
;
; 200; R.,ii.'i. 373f. ;* i. i. 126,
see also Resurrection. 145 II. i. 324 ; his thirteen rules,
;

Imperator, borne bv Titus,

title of, II. i. 337.
I. ii. 245 by Hadrian, i. li. 313.
; Itabyrion, see Tabor.
Inachus, king of Argos, ii. iii. Italy, Jews residing there, ii. ii.
260. 232 f.,* 238-242 Jewish inscrip-
;

Incense, altar of, ii. i. 281 ; offering tions in, I. i. 33, 34 see also
;

of, II. 281, 289, 293, 295 ; pre-

i. Rome.
paring work of family of
of, Italian cohort (Acts x. 1), i. ii. 53
;
Abtinas, ii. i. 268. As and Pondium in Palestine, ii. i.
India, relations with the West, ii. 39 f.

ii. 215 f Greek writers upon,

. ; Iturea, Itureans, history of their
II. ii. 215 ; Gymnosophists from, |
empire generally, i. ii. 325-344
 ;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

earliest mention of, I. ii. 326 II. i. 365, 366, 369 i. ii. 273 ; ;

celebrated as bowmen, I. ii. 327 ;

Jewish court of justice there, ii.
inliabiting Mount Lebanon, i. ii. i. 173 I. ii. 275
;
vineyard there, ;

327-329 a portion of their terri-

; place of resort for the learned, ii.

tory conquered and Judaized by i. 326.

Aristobolus I., l. i. 293 Lrreatest ; Jannaus, see Alexander.

extent of territory under Ptolemy James, Egyptian sorcerer, ii. iii.

and Lysanias, i. ii. 329-332 sub- ; 149f.

sequent partitioning : Jarmuk, river, ii. i. 101.
(1) The domain of Zenodorus, Jason, high priest in Maccabean age,
I. ii. 332 this the Iturea
; I. i. 202-205.

over which Philip (Luke Jason, Jewish ambassador to Rome

iii. 1) ruled, i. ii. 12, 335. in Maccabean age, i. i. 231.
(2) Abilene, tetrarchy of Ly- Jason of Cyrene, i. i. 47 il. ; iii.

sanias, I. ii. 335-339. 211-216.

(3) Iturea in narrower sense, Jason and Papiscus, dialogue, i. i.

I. ii. 339, 340 alae and co- ; 70-72.

hortes Ituraeoram, i. ii. 340 f. Jebamoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122.
(4) Chalcis, i. ii. 341-344. Jedaiah, priest class, ii. i. 216 f.
Izates, kinff of Adiabene, li. ii. Jeduthum, family of temple singers,
308-311, 313. II. i. 271.

Jelamdenu, Midrash, i. i. 152.

Jephe Mare, Haggadic passages from
Jerusalem Talmud, i. i. 134.
Jeremiah, history of, by Eupolemus,
Jabne, see Jamnia. II. iii. 204 deceased intercedes ;

Jacob, patriarch, sketch of his his- for people, il. ii. 214 precursor ;

tory by Demetrius, II. iii. 200 by ;

of Messiah, ii. ii. 157 held to ;

Theodotus, ii. iii. 224 f. ; ^IxKUiiov be author of Book of Baruch, ii.

duetfiaSuoi, II. iii. 151. iii. 193 letter of, ii. iii. 195.
;

Jadajim, Talmi^dic tract, i. i. 125. Jeremiae yaralipomena, ii. iii. 92.

Jaddua, high priest, i. i. 188. Jeremiae apocrypluim, ll. iii. 131, 132.
Jakim, high priest, see Alcimus. Jericho, city fortified by Bacchides,
Jakim, son of Zamaris, father of I. i. 236 belongs to Jewish terri-
;

Philip, I. ii. 211. tory, I. i. 271 battle near, i. i. ;

Jakim, K, of Chadid, i. i. 252. 313 seat of Sanhedrim of Ga-

;

Jalkut Shimoni, i. i. 153. binius, i. i. 372 given by Antony ;

Jamblichus( = Jamlicu),an Arabian, to Cleopatra, i. i. 402, 423 given ;

I. i. 247, ii. 351. by Augustus to Herod, i. i. 404,

Jambres, Egyptian sorcerer, ii. iii. 428 Herod resides at, I. i. 421,
;

149 f. 463, 464 ; castle of Cypros near,

James, son of Zebedee, i. ii. 160. I. i. 435 ; theatre, ami)hitheatre,
James, brother of Jesus Christ, wit- and hippodrome, li. i. 33 ; build-

ness of Josephus regarding, i. ii. ings there of Archelaus, l. ii.

146, 148 f., 186-188 Hegesippus ; 41 capital of a toparchy, ii. i.
;

about him, I. ii. 187 year of ;

157, 160 Roman garrison there,
;

death, I. ii. 187 Epistle makes ; I. ii. 54, 231 ; date palms of, i. i.

use of Jesus Siracli, ii. iii. 28. 423, ii. 41 ; il. i. 42.
James, son of Judas of Galilee, i. ii. Jerome, de viris illustr., as source of
81. Suidas, see Suidas Hebrew tradi- ;

Jamnia, citv, 78 f. * i. i. 221,

ii. i. ; tions, I. ii. 308, 311, 312; II. i.
306, 7, 99, 231
ii. in time of ; 239, 357, ii. 21 numbering of ;

Christ pre-eminently Jewi.sh, ii. O. T. books, II. i. 309 on the ;

i. 2, 79 seat of Jewish learning.

; Oivnpuasis of the Jews, i. i. 119 ;
 ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 53

on Jewish prayer against Chris- 27 ; title, ii. iii. 28 ;

quotations
tians, II. ii. 89 on the comphiints ;
in Rabbinical literature, ii. iii.

of the Jews, i. ii. 320 on the ; 27 whether in Hebrew canon,

;

Essenes, ii. ii. 201. II. i. 310 in Latin Church ;

Jeromisus = Hieroniices, river, ii. i. ascribed to Solomon, ii. iii. 28 f.

101. Messianic hope in, ii. ii. 138
Jerusalem, orthography on coins, alphabet of Ben Sira, ii. iii. 28.
D^^IT' and D^^Ei'"n\ i- ii- 379, 385, Jesus = Jason, high priest in Macca-
387 on inscriptions Hierosolyma,
;
bean age, I. i. 202.
II. ii. 250 Hierosolymitana, ii. ii.
;
Jesus Christ, i. ii. 29, 30 * chron- ;

239 'IsocaoT^v/nhn; (Le Bas and

;
ology of His ministry, i. ii. 30 f. ;

Waddington, Inscriptions, t. iii. literature of chronology of life of,

n. 294) ;
poem
by Philo the on, I. i. 21-23 witness of Josephus ;

elder, II. iii. 223 fragments on ;

to, I. ii. 143-149 ; in Suetonius =
topography by Timochares and Clirestus, ii. ii. 238 ; rabbinical
an anonymous writer, I. i. 75 ;
parallels to the sayings of Jesus,
coins, I. i. 257, ii. 383-392; II. ii. 124 ; descent from Levi and

sepulchral inscrii^tions, l. i. 31 f. ;
Judah, II. iii. 118-120 whether ;

topography, literature on, i. i. 19 ;

crucifixion by Roman soldiers, i.

plans, I. i. 19 f. outline of topo- ;

ii. 61-65 ; holy sepulchre and
graphj^ I. ii. 238, 239 Avails ; finding of the cross, I. ii. 317.
built by John Hyrcanus, i. i. Jesus, son of Phabi, high priest, ii.
276 Hyrcanus II. (Antipater),
; i. 197.

I. i. 378, 381 Agrippa I., i. ii. ; Jesus, son of See, high priest, ii. i.
159, 239 synagogues, ii. ii. 50,
;
198.
73 comp. ii. i. 49, ii. 56 f. wool
; ; Jesus, son of Damnaios, high priest,
market, II. i. 42 buildings of ; II. i. 201 ; I. ii. 189.

Herod, see Herod streets by ; Jesus, son of Gamaliel, high priest,

Agrippa II. with marble fronts, II. i. 201,* 202, ii. 49 ; I. ii. 190,

I. ii. 199 see also Acra, Antonia,

; 228, 229. :

Bezetha, castles, palaces, scopus, Jesus, son of Sapphias, ruv oLoxn-

temple, etc. history, violent
; peuu ii;, II. i. 203 I. ii. 214. ;

Hellenizing by Antiochus Epi- Jesus, son of Sapphias, archon of

phanes, i. i. 206 sieges by Anti- Tiberias, ii. i. 147.
;

ochus Sidetes, l. i. 275 Aretus Jewish Christians, see Christians. ;

and Hyrcanus, i. i. 316 Pompey, Jewish population of Palestine, its ;

I. i. 321 Herod, i. i. 396

; in extent, i. i. 191, 192 ii. i. 1-7 ; ; ;

Roman times capital of a top- see also Galilee, Judea, Perea. :

archy, ii. i. 157. 160 capital of Jezreel, the plain, i. ii. 89. ;

Judea, II. i. 161 ; garrison in time Joachim, high priest in Book of

of procurators, i. ii. 55 comp. Judith, II. iii. 33. ;

48 f. sieges and conquest liv Joasar, son of Boethos, high priest,

;

Titus, I. ii. 237-247 from Ves- II. i. 198 I. ii. 80. ; ;

]iasian to Hadrian, i. ii. 265, Job, history in Aristeas, ii. iii. 208 ;

300-302, 306-308 founding of date of Greek translation, ii. iii.

;

Aelia by Hadrian, see Aelia 162, 209. ;

entrance to city forbidden to the Jolmb = Job, II. iii. 208.

Jews, I. ii. 315. Jochanan, see John.
Jerusalem, the new or heavenly, ii. Jochanan, high priest, see John
ii. 168 f. Hyrcanus.
Jerusalem Targum, see Targums. Jochanan ben Sakkai, Rabban, i. i.
Jesus, see Joshua. 127; II. i. 336f. ;* comp. i. i.
Jesus Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), ii, iii. 126, 128; II. i. 323, 324, 325,
23-30 origin of the book, ii. iii.
: 378 arranfreraent about the ;
54 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

benediction, II. ii. 82 prophesies ;

Joppa, citv, 11. i. 79-83 ;* i. i. 196,
to Vespasian, i. ii. 223. 244, 251, 253, 270, 277, 303, 306,
.Jochanan ben Nuri, R., I. i. 127 ii. ; 329, 381, 394, 404, 428 ortho- ;

i. 377 f. graphy of name, II. i. 80 ; har-

Jochanan ben Beroka, R., i. i. 127 ;
bour for Judea, ii. i. 80 in Persian ;

II. i. 378. age subject to Sidonians, ll. i. 80 ;

Jochanan ben Torta, R., i. ii. 298. Judaized by Maccabees, i. i. 253 ;

Joeser, captain of the temple, ii. ii. II. i. 81 in time of Christ mainly
;

30. Jewish, II. i. 2, 82 not one of ;

Jolm, see also Jochanan. eleven toparchies of Judea, ii. i.

John, brother of Judas Maccabaeus, 157 destruction during Jewish
;

I. i. 209, 235. war, and rebuilding by Vespasian,

Jolm Hyrcanus I., meaning of name, II. i. 82 called also JFlavia, ii. i.
;

I. i. 273 in father's lifetime gover-

;
82 ; coins, ii. i. 82 ; Andromeda
nor of Gazara, i. i. 261 conquers ;
myth, and her worship there, ii.
Kendebiius, i. i. 271 reign gener- ;
i. 14 f. Jewish sepulchral in-
;

ally, I. i. 272-290 * chronology, ;

scription there, i. i. 32.
I. i. 272 f. relations with the ;
Jordan, its sources, i. ii. 14.

Romans, i. i. 277 conquests, i. i. ;

Jordan valley, called the "Great
279 f., 283 coins, i. i. 284 title,
; ;
Plain," I. ii. 89 ; also 6 a.l'huu^ i.
I. i. 285 relations with Pharisees
;
i. 424, 425 ; cultivation of, see
and Sadducees, i. i. 286-289; Balsam, Date Palm.
chronicle of, i. i. 47 ii. iii. 13. ;
Jose ben Joeser, ii. i. 180, 352, 357,
John the Baptist, i. ii. 23-29 ac- ;
ii. 30.
count of, by Josephus, i. ii. 23 f. ;
Jose ben Jochanan, ii. i. 180, 352,
chronology of his ministry, i. ii. 357.
30-32. Jose ha-Cohen, R., ii. i. 367, ii. 30,
John of Gischala, 216, 227- i. ii. 44.
230, 233-235, 237-247, 249. Jose the Galilean, R., i. i. 127 ; ii.

John of Antioch, relations with i. 378 ; his thirty-two rules, ii.

Malalas, i. ii. 261 f. ; comp. 88. i. sayings about the Suflering

348 ;

John of Damascus, ii. iii. 326. Messiah, ii. ii. 185.

John Malalas, see Malalas. Jose ben Chalephta, R., quoted more
Joiarib, priest family, ii. i. 219, than 300 times in Mishna, i. i.
222. 127 had seen Akiba, i. i. 128
; ;

Jom Tob, Talmudic tract, i. i. supposed author of Seder 01am,

122. I. i. 164.
Joma, Talmudic tract, l. i. 122. Jose, son of R. Judah, R., i. i.
Jonadab, family, ii. i. 252. 127.
Jonathan, Maccabee, i. i. 209, 234- Joseph, patriarch, sketch of his his-
254 is made high priest, i. i.
;
tory,by Artapanus, ii. iii. 206 ;

241 arpccTYiyo; and fieinlxpxyi;, I-

;
by Philo the epic poet, ii. iii.
i. 242 embassy to Rome, i. i.
;
223 by Philo the philosopher,
;

249 death, i. i. 254 ; year of

; 342 see also Jubilees, Tes-
II. iii. ;

death, I. i. 255. tarn. XII. Patr., Josejilius his ;

Jonathan = Januiieus, see Alex- wife Asenath, il. iii. 151 liis ;

ander. pi'ayer, apocryphal writing, ii.

Jonathan, son of Ananos, high iii. 127 f.

priest, II. i. 199,* 202; I. ii. Joseph, tax farmer in Palestine in

178. time of the Ptolemies, il. i. 59.
Jonathan, Targum on prophets, i. Joseph, Jewish general in times of
i. 155 Targum on Pentateuch,
;
i. Maccabees, I. i. 221.
i. 158 ; literature on both, i. i. Joseph, grandfather of Joseplius, I.

162f. i. 81.
 : : ;:

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 55

Joseijli, brotlier of Herod, i. i. 390, {h) Svriac and Hebrew, i. i.

395. 102.
Jopepli, uncle and brother-in-law of Manuscripts and editions of Greek
Herod, i. i. 402, 422. text, I. i. 102-10.5.
Joseph, son of Elleni, high priest, Modern translations and general
II. i. 198. literature about Josephus, i. i.
Joseph Caiajjlias, high priest, ii. i. 105-110.
182, 199.* Particulars
Joseph, son of Kamithos, high priest, Messianic idea, ir. ii. 149.
II. i. 200. Witness to Christ, i. ii. 14.3-
Joseph Kabi, son of Simon, high 149.
priest, 201.
II. i. On John the Bai)tist, i. ii. 23 f.

Joseph of Ariiiiathea, II. i. 172. On James, brother of Jesus, i.

Joseph, son of Gorion, i. ii. 214,228; ii. 186-188.

Hebrew historical work under his Explanation of particular passages:
name, i. i. 165. Antiq. xii. 4, I. ii. 69 ii. i. 60 ;

Josephus, Flavins, Jewish historian, xiv. 10. 2-10, I. i. 379; xx. 5.

I. i. 77, 110;* II. iii. 221 f.; life, 2, I. ii. 170.
I. i. 77-81; ii. 214-223; family, Wars of the Jews, ii. 17. € II. 1.

I. i. 81 f. 363 ; iii. 3, ii. i. 2 ; vi 5. 4,

Works : II. ii. 149.
(1) Wars of the Jews, i. i. 82 f.; c. Apion, i. 8, ii. : 308 11. 8,
written first in Hebrew or II. i. 219 ; ii. 39, . ii.

Aramaic, i. i. 83; ii. iii. 14; 306.

the passage ii. 16. 4 makes Corrections of text
use of the official statistical Antiq. xi. 8. 5, I. ii. 213; xiii.
record, i. ii. 209. 15. 3, I. i. 304; ii. i. 117;
(2) Antiquities, I. i. 84-90. xiii. 15. 4, II. i. 142 ; xiv. 1.

(3) Life, I. i. 90-92. 4, II. i. 142 ; xiv. 3. 2, I. i.

(4) Treatise against Apion, I. i. 319 ; xiv. 3. 3, II. i. 116 ; xiv.

93, 94. 10, II. ii. 259 ; xiv. 10. 6, I.

(5) Spurious works, i. i. 94 ; ii. i. 381, 382 ; xiv. 10. 20, comp.
iii. 246. Ephemeris epigraph, v., 68
(6) Non-extantworks,i.i.94-97. Totiog FotfiyipiOi Tuiov vios: ;
Sources of the Antiquities, i. i. xvii. 10. 6, II. i. 141 xviii. ;

85-90,* 108, 109 * the Greek : 2. 1, II. i. 138 ; xyiii. 5. 1, I.

Ezra, II. iii. 179 f.; the Greek ii. 33; xx. 1. 1, II. i. 121; xx.
rendering of the Book of Esther, 9. 3, I. ii. 189.
II. iii. 182 Epistle of Aristeas, ; JVars of the Jews, i. 6. 4, li. i.

II. iii. 31 1 ; First Book of Macca- 116; ii. 18. 6: Naarus to be

bees, II. iii. 9 f. Posidonius
; retained, see under Varus ;

(indirectly), i. i. 49 Strabo, i. ; iii. 1. 3, I. ii. 219 ; iii. 3. 3,

i. 54 f., 87 ; Nicolas of Damascus, 11. i. 129 ; iii. 9. 7, I. iL
I. i. 60, 87 ; Eoman official docu- 90 ; iv. 8. 2, i. ii. 90 ; v. 5.
ments, I. i. 89, 90, 109, 267, 277, 7, II. i. 256 ; vi. 4. 3, i.

379, 388; ii. 168; ii. ii. 257; ii. 236 ; vii. 6. 6, i. ii. 253,
Philo,ii. ii. 192; on the criticism 258.
of his (besides i. i. 85-90), i. i. Josephus Gorionide.s, l. i. 165.
319, 429 f. Josephus, Christian writer, author
Character aJid credibility, i. i. 97- of Hypomnesticum, i. ii. 364 ; li. i.
'

99. 197.
Old translations and reproduc- Josippon, I. i. 165.
tions : Joshua, see also Jesus.
(a) Latin, i. i. 99-102. Joshua (Jesus), son of Nun, as type
 ;

,6 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

of Christ, n. iii. 286; grave at Judaism, estimate of, by the Greek

Thamna, ii. i. 158. world, II. ii. 291 - 297, iii.

Joshua, high priest in time of 248 tf.

Zerubhahel, i. i. 188. Judaism in the Dispersion, see

Joshua ben Perachja, ii. i. 180. Dispersion.
Joshua ben Gamla, see Jesus, son of Judea, mythological derivation of
Gamalieh name from Udaios, i. i. 251 ;

Joshua ben Chananiah, R., ii. i. extent in Maccabean age, i. i. 189-

370 f.;* I. i. 126, ii. 289; li. i. 191 Ekron in B.C. 147 attached
;

367, 369, ii. 320. to, I. i. 244 Samaritan vo/aol ;

Jotapata, fortress, I. ii. 217, 221- Ephraim, Lydda, and Ramathaim

, 223 ;
situation, I. ii. 221. in B.C. 145 joined to, I. i. 191, 192,
Juba of Mauritania, i. ii. 40 ;
year 245 Bethzur added by conquest,
;

of liis death, I. ii. 41. I. i.249 Masada fortified by

;

Jubilees, Book of, ii. iii. 134-141 ;

high priest Jonathan, l. i. 436 f.;
contents, II. iii. 135 f.; standpoint, ii. 251 Adida taken and added
;

II. iii. 136 date of composition,

;
to, I. i. 251 Joppa attached to, ;

II. iii. 138 f. use in Christian

; I. i. 253 Gazara attached to, i. i.
;

Church, II. iiL 139 f. Messianic

; 261 on additions to Jewish terri-
;

Hope in, il. ii. 145 ; astronomical tory by John Hyrcanus, Aristo-
knowledge, i. ii. 369. bulus I., and Alexander Jannaus,
Judah, tribe of, ranks after that of see under these names extent ;

Levi in Testam. XII. Pair., ii. iii. and population in time of

118 f. Josephus, II. i. 2-4 Corea (see ;

Judah ben Baba, i. i. 431. Joseph. Antiq. xiv. 3. 4 JFars of ;

Judah ben Bethera, i. i. 127 li. i. ;

the Jeivs, i. 6. 5), the northernmost
378. point in, l. i. 320 constitution in ;

Judah ben Ilai or Elai, R., quoted Roman age (divided into eleven
600 times in Mishna, i. i. 127 ;
toparchies), il. i. 149-163 ; i. ii.

was a hearer of R. Tarphon, i. i. 65 f. ; official designation of the

128. province, l. ii. 46, 249, 255 f. ;

Judah ben Tabbai, ii. i. 180, 353. comp also Judaica : expeditio,
Judah ha-Cohen, ii. ii. 30. Judaicum 303
helium, i. ii.
tilt ;

Judah ha-Nasi or ha-Kadosh, R., time of Vespasian under Syria,

reviser of Mishna, i. i. 127, I. ii. 46, 166 afterwards a distinct;

129 ; literature about him, i. i. province, i. i. 369, ii. 257 suc- ;

129. cession of Roman procurators (t<)

Juadaeorum
287.
Judas Maccabaeus, I. i. 209-233;
cognomen "Maccabee," i. i. 212
was not high priest, i. i. 230
embassy to Rome, i. i. 231 f. li.
ii. 233 death, i. i. 233.
;
Judas, son of
castra, viciis, ii. ii. Vespasian), i. ii. 81, 166-191 ;
succession of imperial legates
(after Vespasian), i. ii. 258-264 ;
;
affairs in Judea in time of pro-
curators, I. ii. 43-79 (for particu-
; larSjSee art. "Procurator"); Vespa-
sian's Jewish estate becauie an
Simon the Maccabee, imperial domain, l. ii. 253, 265 ;

I. i. 271. system of weights different from

Judas = Aristobulus I., which that of Galilee, ii. i. 3f.; woollen
see. manufactures, ii. i. 42 see also ;

Judas, an Essene, li. ii. 204 f. Palestine.

Judas, son of Sariphagus, i. ii. 416, Judgment, the last, ll. ii. 165 ff.,

463. 181-183.
Judas of Galilee, son of Hezekiah, Judith, book of, ii. iii. 32-37;
I. ii. 4, 80, 123, 131 ; his family, origin of, li. iii. 34 ; use among
1. ii. 81. tlie Jews, II. iii. 35.
 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 57

Julia, daughter of Augustus, ii. i. Messiah doctrine of Jews, ii. ii.

135. 162, 164, 185, 186; (pseudo),
Julia =
Livia, wife of Augustus, see (Jdhortatio ad Graecos uses Julius
Livia. Africanus, ll. iii. 260 Cohortatio ;

Julia Agrippina, see Agrippina. and de Monarchia use forged verses

JuliaBerenice, see Berenice, daughter of Greek poets, ii. iii. 295.
of Agrippa I. Justus of Tiberias, i. i. 65-69 ii. ;

Julianus, a Jew in Laodicea, I. ii. iii. 222 party position during

;

286 f. the war, l. i. 66 his history of ;

Julian, emperor, referred to in Jeru- the war, l. i. 67, 92; his Chronicle,
salem Talmud, i. i. 134 ; on gifts I. i. 67, 68 ;
perhaps used by
of Jews to priests, i. ii. 272. Africanus, and indirectly bv his
Julias, cities, see Eethsaida or successors, i. i. 68, 306, 307, 391.
Livias. Justus, son of Josephus, i. i. 82.
Julius, as name of later Herodians Juvenal on the Jews, ii. ii. 296 on ;

and other vassal princes, i. ii. Jewish proselytes, li. ii. 308, 312.
162.
Julius Africanus, see Africanus.
Julius Agrippa, see Agrippa I. and K
Julius Agrippa, son of King Alex- Kadytes = Gaza, ii. i. 68.
ander, quaestor and propraetor of Kahana, R., rejuited author of the
Asia, on one inscription at Ej^hesus, Pesikta, i. i. 150.
I. ii. 162. Kalla, Talmudic tract, i. i. 144.
Julius Alexander, see Tiberius Kamith, family of high priests, ii. i.

Alexander. 204.
Julius Archelaus, i. 162. ii. Kcc/iiTryiatoi, Jewish community at
Julius Caesar, see Caesar. Rome, II. ii. 248.
Julius Honorius, i. ii. 118. Kanata, city, ii. i. 106 f.; coins and
Julius Sauromates, see Sauromates. era, ii. i. 107.
Julius Severus (Sextus), general Kanatha, city, ii. i. 108-110;* be-
under Hadrian, i. ii. 263, 305, longing to Decapolis, ii. i. 95 ;

314. era and coins, ii. i. 109 ; theatre,

Julius Severus (Ti. or com-
P.), ^ II. i. 27.
mander of fourth legion and Kasiun, synagogue there, ii. ii. 71.
governor of Bithynia, i. ii. 304, Kedes, synagogue said to be there,
303. II. ii. 71.
Junius Maximus, commander of Kedron, place so called, i. i. 270.
tenth legion, i. ii. 258. Kelim, Talmiidic tract, i. i. 125.
Jupiter Capitolinus worshipped in Kenath, see Kanatha.
Aelia (Jerusalem), i. ii. 317. Kendebaus, general, l. i. 270.
Jupiter Sabazius, ii. ii. 233. Ke])har-Asis, place so called, ii. i.

Jus gladii, i. ii. 57 f. 374.

Jus ItalicuTTi; II. i. 66. Kepher-Othnai, ii. i. 369.
Justinian's NorelL 146, ll. ii. 285. Kephr-Birim, synagogue there, ii.
Justin, epitomizer of Trogus Poui- li. 71.
peius. I. i. 116 ; Trogus Pompeius Keraze =
Chorazin.
uses Posidonius, i. i. 49 ; on the Kerithoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 124.
Jews, II. ii. 293, iii. 262. Kerykos of Gerasa, II. i. 29, 119.
Justin Martyr on the descent of Ketliuboth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122.
Herod, i. i. 314 on Jewish ; Keto = xJjTor, II. i. 15.
marriage laws, i. i. 455 on Jewish ; Ketzer, see Minim.
prayer against Christians, ii. ii. Kiddushin, Talmudic tract, i.i. 123.
89 on the Zizith, il ii. 112 ; on
; Kilajim, Talmudic tract, I. i. 121 ;
 ;

58 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

f^arment of linen and wool al- 24 f Julian us and Pappus, Jews

;

lowed only to priests, II. i. 277. residing there, I. ii. 286 f.

Kings under Roman suzerainty, Laodicea on Lebanon, i. ii. 330.
tlieir legal position, l. i. 448-451, Laodicea in Phrvgia, Jews residing
ii. 122-127. there, ll. ii. 258, 261 ; woollen
King, title among Asmoneans, i. i. manufactures, ii. i. 44 ; sandals
292. made there, il. i. 44.
Kinnini, Talraudic tract, I. i. 125. Larcius Lepidus, commander of
KAavOiii; Tifisptek, II. i. 146 Ky^xv- ; tenth legion in army of Titus, i.
oisi; ^t-hfTTTTu: TadYivoi, II. i. 128. ii. 236.
Kleruchies in Judea, see Toparcliy. Largesses to citizens, see Congiaria.
KA/>a| Tvpov, I. i. 248. Lasar ("iTj;S), in many MSS. of the
Knots, tying oF, forbidden on Sab- Mishna and in Jerusalem Tal-
bath, ii. ii. 97. mud the usual form of Eleasar,
Koheletli (Ecclesiastes) has a place II. i. 372, 373.

in the Canon, ii. i. 309 f. Mid- ; Latin language in Pale.stine, ii. i.

rash on, I. i. 149. 50 words in the Mishna,

; ii. i.

Kolias, Spanish, ii. i. 43. 31 ff. ; names among Jews in

Kore, see Persephone. Palestine, II. i. 47.
Kotylas, see Zeno Kotylas. Laver, brazen in temple, ii. i. 278,
Kotys of Lesser Armenia, i. ii. 159. 283.
Krouos, worship of, in the Hauran, Law, the Jewish, canonical author-
II. i. 22. ity, origin from heaven, ii. i. 306 f.
Kyrrestike, district of country, i. i. legends regarding the giving of
341. the, II. i. 344 elaboration of, by ;

scribes, see Halacha, Scribes ;

standpoint of Pharisees with re-

gard to the, II. ii. 19-25 stand- ;

Laberins Maximus, procurator of jioint of the Sadducees, ii. ii.

Judea, I. ii. 258. 34-38 sketch of, by Aristeas, ii.
;

Labienus, i. i. 341. iii. 308 by Aristobulus, ii. iii.

;

Lacedaemon, buildings of Herod 239 ; by Philo, ii. iii. 338 ff. ; by

there (see Sparta), i. i. 437. Josephus, II. iii. 221, 269 (add
Lactantius uses the Sibyllines, ii. thereto Josephus, Aritiq. iv.
:

iii. 289 quotes Hystaspes, ii.

;
iii. 8) reasonableness of the cere-
;

294. monial law, I. i. 95 ii. iii. 221, ;

Lamech, Book of, II. iii. 151. 240, 269, 308 ceremonial, even ;

Lamentations of Jeremiah, Midrash according to Philo, binding, ii.

on I. i. 148. iii. 369 subordinate significance
;

Lamentations of Jews over tlie of sacrificial ordinance (24 verses

destruction of Jerusalem, i. ii. of Philemon or Menander on
320. tliis theme), ll. iii. 301 instruc- ;

Lamia, see Aelius Lamia. tion in the law, see School,

Lamps in the synagogues, ii. ii. 75. Scribes, Synagogue importance ;

Language, Galilean dialect, ii. i. 10. and value of the study of the, ii.
Languages, the Seventy, ii. i. 344. ii. 44 f. study of, by proselytes,
;

Language, see Aramaic, Greek, II. ii. 311 f observance of, en-
. ;

Hebrew, Latin. forced by penalties and conse-

Laodice,daughterof AntiochusVIII. quences, II. ii. 90-125 * evasion ;

Grypos, ancestress of the dynasty by formal observance, ii. ii.

of Commagene, 184. l. i. 120-122; at what age full ob-
Laodicea on the sea, in Syria, i. i. servance became obligatory? ii.
338, 401, 422 linen industry, ii.
;
ii. 47-52 obsei'vance of, by young
;

i. 41, 44 ; inscriptions there, ii. i. children, il. ii. 50 f. observance ;

 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

of, bv God-fearinr; Gentiles and in Syria down to Vespasian, i. i.

prosJlytea, il. ii. 305, 311-327; 328-370 succession of, in Judea

;

observance of, by strangers {Ge- from time of Vespasian, i. ii.

riin), II. ii. 315 ; observance of, 258-264.
in. Messianic kingdom, ii. ii. 174. Legati ad census accipiendos, I. ii.

Law, book of the, see Scriptures. 119, 140.

Law, administration of, in Hellen- Legends, see Haggada writings
;

istic cities of Palestine, see Con- containing, ii. iii. 114, 133-151,
stitution. 196 ff.

(1) AdmiTiistration of, among Legiones, DIJVj!?, with Rabbis =

the Jews in Palestine, ii. i. army generally, li. i. 31 organ- ;

149 - 195, 55 tf. after ii. ; ization of Roman, i. ii. 49.

destruction of Jerusalem, i. Legions, list of those stationed in
ii. 273-277 criminal juris- ; Syria and Palestine :

diction under Eoman pro- (1) From Augustus to Nero,

curators restricted, but not I. ii. 50.
abolished, ii. i. 187 - 190 ; (2)In Vespasian's army, i. ii.

I. ii. 57, 73 ;
proceedings 218-220.
before the courts of, ll. i. (3) In army of Titus, i. ii.
193-195; on Sabbath no 235, 236.
court was held, ii. i.
of, (4) In war of Hadrian, i. ii.
190 Jews not compelled
; 303, 304.
to appear on Sabbath l)efore Legion, history of the 5th, i. ii. 231,
heathen courts of, ii. ii. 255 of the 10th, i. ii. 237 the ; ;

262 sittings of courts of,

; 10th forms garrison of Palestine
on second and fifth days of under Vespasian, i. ii. 248, 255 ;

week, II. ii. 190 Greek coins with figure of swine, i. ii.
;

legal phraseology used by 316 f. history of the 12th, l. ii. ;

Eabbis, II. i. 32 ; see also 212, 236.

Halacha, Scribes. Lejah in Trachonitis, i. ii. 11.
(2) Administration of, among Lemba, place so named, ii. i. 142.
Jews of Dispersion, ii. ii. Lentulus Crus, consul in b.c. 49,
243 - 270 by judicatories ; II. ii. 264, 278.
of their own, ii. ii. 260, Lentulus Marcellinus, governor of
269. Syria, i. i. 330, 372.
(3) Separate courts of, for Leontius, his Florikgium, II. iii. 326.
Roman citizens, ii. ii. 278 ;
Leontopolis in the Nomos of Helio-
seat or tribunal which judge, polis,Jewish temple there, ii. ii.
according to Roman law, 286-288 i. ii. 253 mentioned in
; ;

must occupy, i. ii. 15. Sibyllines, ll. iii. 287.

Lawyers (vofioi) in Palestine, I. i. Lepidus, see Larcius Lepidus.
190. Leptogenesis, see Jubilees.
Laxity, moral, alongside of strict Leucas, city, i. ii. 336.
observance of the law, ii. ii. Leuke Konie in Arabia, i. i. 407, ii.
120-125. 359.
Lazarus, see Lasar. Leuke Kome in Phoenicia, i. i. 342.
Lebanon, for political history of the Leviada = Livias, ii. i. 141.
territory see Iturea, Chalcis, Helio- Levites, ii. i. 223-229, 265-273;
polis, Laodicea on Lebanon, Cae- clothing of, I. ii. 198 ;
precedence
sarea on Lebanon. to tribe of Judah in Testam. XII.
Legati Augusti pro praetore, title of Pair., II. iii. 118 f.
imperial governors, i. i. 348 their ; Lexicons of Rabbinical Hebrew, I.
mandate terminated with death of i. 138, 139.
emperor, i. ii. 33 ; succession of, Liberius, see Laberiua.
60 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Libertines, tlieir synatrosue in Jeru- Logos doctrine in Philo, ii. iii.

salem, II. i. 49, li. 56 f., 27G. 374-376.

Libias =
Livias, ii. i. 141, 142. Lollius, general under Pompey, i. i.

JJbrarius, ii. i. 37. 328.

Libya, early mythical history of, ii. Lollius, M., general of Augustus,
lii. 210. I. i. 356.

Licinius, M. Crassns, triumvir, i. i. Longinus, see Cassius and Pompeius.

331-333, 375. Loos, see Months.
Licinius, C. Mucianus, governor of Lot, daily service of priests deter-
Syria, i. i. 369. mined by, II. i. 269, 293-295.
Lie, Rabbinical casuistry is but the Lucceius Albinus, see Albinus.
necessary, i. ii. 71 ; limited by Lucian of Antioch, recension of
(Jrigen in accordance with tlie Septuagint, ii. iii. 165 f.
instance of the Book of Judith, ii. Lucian of Jerusalem, hagiographer,
iii. 35. on Gamaliel the elder, ii. i. 364.
Liglits in temple always burning, ii. Lucillius Bassus, i. ii. 250, 258.
i.281, 293 ; kindling of, on Hab- Lucillius, Gamala, i. ii. 304.
bath, II. ii. 306 ; on tlie Feast of Lucius, consul, i. i. 267.
the Dedication, I. i. 218 ; see also Lucuas, see Lukuas.
Lamps. Lucullus, I. i. 183, 273, 311 ; ii. ii.

Linen industry at Scythopolis, 231.

Laodicea, Byblus, Tyre, Berytus, Lud, see Lydda.
It. i. 41 in Laodicea, ii. i. 44
;
in ; Lugdunum = Lyons, i. ii. 36.
Galilee, ii. i. 42 in Pelusium, ii. ;
Lugdunum Convenarum, i. ii. 36.
i. 43 used for priests'
;
clotliing, Lukuas, leader of Jews in Gyrene, i.

II. i. 276 granted for clothing to

;
ii.284.
temjjle singers by Agrippa, i. ii. Lupus, see Rutilius Lupus.
198 not to be mixed with wool
;
Lusius, Quietus, general under Tra-
except for priests, I. ii. 71 ll. i. ; jan, governor of Judea, i. ii. 262,
277. 285-287 ; Polemos shel Kitos, l. ii.
Lint or flax, Egyptian, ii. i. 43. 286.
Lishkath Hagasith, place of meeting Lustrations, .see Purifications.
of the Great Sanhedrim, ii. i. Lycia, Jews residing there, ii. ii.
190-192 priests go there to cast
;
221 ; add here the inscription from
lots and to repeat the Shema, ii. Konykos, Rcvxte des dudes juivcs,
i. 191, 292, 294. X. 1885, p. 75 s(i.

Literature, Jewish, ii. iii. 1-381 ;

Lydda, to B.C. 145 belonging to
Palestinian- Jewish, ii. iii. 1-155 ;
Samai'ia, since tlien to Judea, I. i.
Graeco-Jewish, li. iii. 156-381 ;
190, 191, 245 f. inliabitants sold
;

pseudonymous (a) under names : as slaves by Cassius, i. i. 386 by ;

of Prophets, ii. iii. 49-133 (b) ;

order of Antony restored to free-
under names of heathens, ii. iii. dom, I. i. 388 capital of a top-
;

270-320; Rabbinical, I. i. 117-166. archy, II. i. 157-159 besieged by ;

Livia, Empress, called also Julia Vespasian, i. ii. 231 seat of ;

after death of Augustus, ii. i. 141 ; Rabbinical school, ii. i. 366 ;

held some cities in Palestine, I. ii. residence of Elieser, ll. i.372 ;

9 ; II. i. 63 ; Palestinian coins with residence of Akiba, ii. i.375 ;

name of, I. ii. 78 and Tiberius

; {hvTepurric: qvidam in time of
as '^t/ixTTot, I. ii. 338 liad Jewish ;
Jerome) ])urp]e dyeing, II. i. 42 ;

female slave Akme, li. ii. 239. "plain" of, II. i. 252.
Livias = Beth-Arami)htha, city, li. Lydia, Jews settled there by Anti-
i.141-143 * I. ii. 18 f. ;
"ochus the Great, ii. ii. 226 see ;

Livy, I. L 114. also Thyatira, Sardis add also ;

Lod, see Lydda. the inscriptions from Hypaepa and

 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 61

[Magnesia on Sipvlus, Bevue des Macro, see Naevius Sertorius Macro,

('tmksjuivcs, X. 1885, pp. 74-76. Magic, magical books, magical
Lvsanias, son of Ptoleniy Menniius formulae, ll. iii. 151-155 expul- ;

'of Chalcis, I. i. 344, 40i f., ii. 3i^8, sion of evil spirits by, in Book of
331 coins, i. ii. 332.
; Tobit, II. iii. 38 cures by, among ;

Lysanias of Abilene, I. ii. 153, 155, the Essenes, ii. ii. 204.
'l93, 335-339 inscriptions, i. ii. ; Maimonides, l. i. 218, ii. 372, ii. ii.
335, 338 literature about him, i.
; 52.
ii.325, 338 f. Majuma Ascalonis, ii. i. 74.
Lysias, city, I. i. 319, ii. i. 142. Majuma Gazae, ii. i. 71.
Lysias, Quietus, see Lusius Quietus. Makkoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123.
Lysias, Syrian general, i. i. 214, 210, Malalas, relation to John of Au-
'223-227. tioch, I. ii. 261, comp. also l. ii. 88.
Lysimachus, -writer about the Jews, Malatha, fortress, i. ii. 151.
'ii. ii. 293, iii. 254. Malchus = Inialkue, an Arabian, i.

i. 247, ii. 351.

MaIchus = Cleodemus, writer, ii. iii,

U 97, 209.
Malchus I., king of the Nabateans,
Maaser sheni, Talinudic tract, I. i. B.C. 50-28, I. i. 344, 402, ii. 13,
121. 355 f. ; war with Herod, l. i. 403,
Maaseroth, Talniudic tract, i. i. 121. 426, ii, 355 ; inscriptions, I, ii.

Mabortha, subsetjuently called Nea- 355 f,

polis, I. ii. 266. Malchus II., A.D, 48-71, I. ii. 13,

Maccabee, meaning of the name, I. 220, 359 f. ; inscriptions and
i. 212 f dynasty, see Asuio-
. ; coins, I. ii. 360.
neans. Malichus, i. i. 386.
Maccabees, the seven martyrs, i. i. Malthace, wife of Herod, i. i. 456.
209 as they appear in the sacred
; Marabres = Jambres, II. iii. 149.
legends, ll. iii. 213, 244-246. Mainortha = Mabortha, Neapolis, i.

ilaccabees, First Book of, ii. iii. ii. 266.

6-13 title, il.
; 9 use by iii. ; Maniiem = Menachem.
Josephus, II. iii. 9 chronology ; ]\Ianasseh, ])rayer of, ii. iii, 188.
of, I. i. 36-46. Manetho on the Jews, ii, iii. 249-
Maccabees, Second Book of, ii. iii. 251,
211-216; chronology of, i. i. Mappa, 11, i. 45.
36-46. Marcellinus, see Lentulus.
Maccabees, Third Book of, ii. iii. Marcellus, procurator, i. ii. 81, 87,
216-219. Marcellus, governor of Syria, see
Maccabees, Fourth Book of, ii. iii. Publicius.
244-248 ; l. i. 94. Marcheshvan, Hebrew month, i. ii.
Maccabees, Fifth Book of ( = Jose- 363.
j)lius, JVars of the Jews, vi.), I. i. Marcius, C, Censorinus, i. i, 356.
102. Marcius, Q., Crispus, i. i, 337, 385.
Macedonians, name and i)rivileges Marcius Philippus, governor of
given to Jews of Alexandria, ii. Syria, i. i. 329, 372.
ii. 272. Marcius Turbo, governor of Egypt,
Macedonia, Jews residing there, ii. I. ii. 282, 284.
ii. 222. Marcus Aurelius on the Jews, ii, ii,
Macharus, fortress, i. i. 372, 436, ii. 297 .said to have had intercourse
;

23, 25, 27, 54, 231, 250 ; situation with E. Judah ha-Nasi, i. i. 129.
and history, i. ii. 250, Marcus, son of the Alabarch Alex-
Machshirin, Talmudic tract, i. i. ander, I. ii. 342.
125. Slariainme, wife of Herod, grand-
62 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

daughter of Hvrcanus II., i. i. Massalians, ii. ii. 72.

396 f., 405, 420, 422, 429 ; her Massora, beginnings of, ii. i. 328.
children, 455. i. i. Massy as, plain between Lebanon
Mariamnie, wife of Herod, dauj,diter and Anti-Lebanon, i. ii. 328.
of the high priest, l. i. 408, 455. Mater synagogae, ii. ii. 252.
Mariamnie, wife of Archelaus, i. ii. Mattathias, father of the Maccabees,
41. I. i. 209-212.

Mariamme, daughter of Agrippa I., Mattathias, son of Simon the

I. ii. 165. Maccabee, i. i. 271.
Mariamme, wife of Herod of Chalcis, Mattathias = Antigonus, which see.
I. ii. 342. Matthai, see Nittai.
Mariamme, tower on the palace of Matthias, son of Theophilus, high
Herod, i. ii. 211, 247. priest, B.C. 5-4, ii. i. 198.
IMarion, tyrant of Tyre, i. i. 387. Matthias, son of Ananos, high
Marionettes, constructed by Antio- priest about a.d. 42-43, li. i. 199.
chus Cyzicenos, i. i. 282. Matthias, son of Theophilus, high
Marissa, city in Idumea, I. i. 221, priest about a.d. 65-66, ii. i.
280. 201.
Mamas, worship of, in Gaza, ii. i. Matthias, son of Boethos, of the
13 ; worship of, in the Hauran, high priestly family, ii. i. 204 i. ;

II. i. 23. ii. 233.

Marriage, marriage law, in Mishna Matthias, son of Margaloth, i. i.

in Second Seder, I. i. 122 f. by ; 416, 463.

Philo treated in connection with Matthias, father of Josephus and
the seventh commandment, ii. iii. two ancestors of same name, i. i.
343, comp. also Josephus, Antiq. 77,81.
iv. 8. 23 ff. polygamous, see ; Mauritania, Jews residing there, ii.
Polygamy duty of {debitam tori),
; ii. 232.
II. ii. 211 dissolution of (see
; Maximus, see Junius M. and Labe-
Divorcement, letters of), ii. ii. rius M.
123 drinking water of jealousy
; Maximus Confessor, ll. iii. 326.
abolished by Jochanan ben Meals, see Sacrificial Feasts.
Sakkai, il. i. 367 laws for ; Meat-offerings, ii. i. 279, 285, 286 ;

priests, ii. i. 210-213 laws for ; gifts from these for priests, ii. i.
female proselytes, ii. ii. 325 the ; 235, 241 ; daily offered by higli
Essenes repudiate, ll. ii. 200, 211. priest, II. i. 287-289, 292-294.
Mars, field of, in Rome, see Cainpus Mechilta, Midrash, i. i. 145-147, ii.
Martms. i. 374.

]\Iarsus, see Vibius Marsus. Medaba, city on east of the Jordan,

Marsyas, plain of, see Massyas. I. i. 279.
Martha, daughter of Boethos, ii. i. Media, Jews residing there, li. ii.
201. 223.
Martialis, see Rammius. Median beer, ll. i. 42.
Martyrs, the Maccabean, see Macca- Mediator for the people in syna-
Viees ; in war of Bar-Cochba, i. ii. gogue service (Sheliach Zibbur),
312. II. ii. 67.
Marullus, procurator, i. ii. 81. Megasthenes on India, ii. ii. 215.
Mary, mother of Jesus Christ, Megilla, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122 ;

whether of Levitical descent, li. see also Esther.

iii. 120. Megillath Antiochus, i. i. 165.
Mary of Beth-esob, i. ii. 241. Megillath Taanith, i. i. 163 ; ii. ii.

Masada, fortress, i. i. 390, 394, 436, 308.

ii. 210, 241, 251 : situation and Megilloth the five, ii. ii. 81 ; Mid-
history, i. i. 251.* rash on, I. i. 147.
 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 63

]\Ieila, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125. I. ii. 168 ; and that of the

Meir, E,., quoted more than 300 Egyptian, i. ii. 180.
times in the Mishna, i. i. 127 ; (2) Historical survey, ii. 137- ii.

regarded by many as author of an 154; Daniel, II. 137; K\m- ii.

okler Mishna, i. i. 1.31. cryphal books, II. ii. 138 ;

Meiron, synagogue there, ii. ii. 71. Si'byllines, ii. ii. 139, 143 ;

Meleager of Gailara, ii. i. 29, 103. Enoch, ir. ii. 141 Psalms t>f ;

Melos, Jews residing there, ii. ii. Solomon, ii. ii. 142 Assumptio ;

232. Mosis, II. ii. 144 Book of ;

Mementoes (phylacteries, etc.), II. ii. Jubilees, II. ii. 145; Philo, ii.
111-115. ii. 146-149 Josephus, ii. ii.
;

Memphis, li. ii. 227, 286. 149 after destruction of Jeru-

;

Memra, doctrine of, in the Tar- salem, I. ii. 277 f. Apocalypse ;

gums, II. iii. 376. of Baruch, ii. ii. 150 Fourth ;

Menachem, Essene of time of Herod, Book Ezra, of ii. ii. 151 ;

II. ii. 205. Shenioneh Esreh, ii. ii. 152 ;

Menachem, contemporary of Hillel, Targums, ii. ii. 153.

II. i. 180. (3) Systematic statement, ii. ii.

Menachem, a Zealot, i. ii. 81. 154-187.

Menachoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. (a) The last tribulation and
124. perplexity, ii. ii. 154 f.

Menander, comic poet, spurious (h) Elijah as the forerunner,

verses, ii. iii. 295, 301. II. ii. 156.
Menelaus, high priest, i. i. 204, 226. (c) Person of Messiah, time
Menippus of Gadara, ii. i. 29, 103. and manner of His
Merchants, see Trade. appearing, ii. ii. 158-
Mesopotamia, Jews residing there, 164.
II. ii. 223-225 rebellion there
; (d) Last attack of the hostile
under Trajan, i. ii. 286. powers, II. ii. 164.
Messalla, M. Corvinus, i. i. 346. (e) Destruction of the hostile
Mes-siah, ll. ii. 158-164 ;* name, II. powers, II. ii. 165-168.
ii. 158 pre-existence, ii. ii. 161
; ; (/) Renovation of Jerusalem,
time and manner of his appear- II. ii. 168.
ing, II. ii. 162-164 conquers the
; (g) Gathering of the dis-
hostile powers, ii. ii. 165 f .
;
persed, II. ii. 169.
duration of his reign, ii. ii. 175 f. ;
(/() The kingdom of glory in
the suffering, ii. ii. 184-187 son ;
Palestine, ii. ii. 170-177.
of Joseph and son of Ephraim, ii. ( j)
Renovation of the world,
ii. 167, and Index vol. of Levi and ; II. ii. 177-179.
Judah, according to Testam. XII. (/,;) The general resurrection,
I'atr. and Irenaeus, ii. iii. 118, II. ii. 179-181.
120 ; Bar-Cochba as, i. i. 298, [1) The last judgment eter- :

299. nal life and eternal death,

Messianic Hope, ii. ii. 126-187.* II. ii. 181-183.
( 1 ) Relation to the older Messianic (to) Appendix : The Suffer-
hope, II. ii. 129-137. ing Messiah, ii. ii. 184-
(a) Universal, ii. ii. 130 f. 187.
(6) Individual, ii. ii. 131 f. Messina, Jews residing there, ii. ii.

(c) Transcendental, ii. ii. 242.

132-134. Mesusa, ii. i. 10, 112;* Talmudic
(dJ) Dogmatical, ii. ii. 134. tract, I. i. 144.
Strong hold of, on the mind of Metellus, general under Pompey,
the nation, il. ii. 135 comp. ; I. i. 328.

also undertaking of Theudas, Metellus, Q., Scipio, i. i. 334, 376.

64 D.—NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Metempsychosis in Pliilo, ir. iii. Milk of lieathen unclean, ii. i. 55.

377 f. not held by Pharisees, ii.
;
Minim = heretics, li. ii. 88 f.

ii. 13. Mirrors, ii. i. 45.

Metoikoi, II. ii. 315. Misanthropy charged against Jews,
]\Ieton, astronomer, i. ii. 36G. II. iii. 268.
Metropolis, ^^tooVo'a/j, as title of Mishna, i. i. 119-130 meaning of ;

Caesarea, ii. i. 87 of Damascus, ;

name, i. i. 119 contents of our,
;

II. i. 98 of Gadara, ii. i. 103.

;
I. i. 121-125 date of composi-
;

Metuens religionis judaicae, ii. ii. tion, I. i. 126-130 older works,;

314. which form its basis, i. i. 128-

Mia, vilkqe, ii. i. 121. 130 of R. Akiba, i. i. 131
;
of ;

]Michmash, district of country, i. i. Asmoneans, i. i. 130 ii. iii. 5 ; ;

239. literature on the, i. i. 136, 139-

jMiddoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125. 141. [The Codex de Rom, 138,
!M id rash : the readings of which, after careful
(1) Nature of this kind of com- examination, I have adopted, is
position, II. i. 330 f., 340 ;
to be found at Parma] Greek ;

rules for Halachic Midrashim, and Latin words in the, ii. i. 31.
II. i. 336 f. kinds of Hagf;adic ;
Mithras, worship of, in the West,
Midrashim, ii. i. 339 ff. rules ; II. ii. 302.
for these, ii. i. 347 f. his- ;
Mithridates of Commagene, founder
torical M. on Book of Jubilees, of the dynasty, i. i. 184.
II. i. 341. Mithridates I. of Parthia, i. i. 269.
(2) Written Midrashim, i. i. 145- Mithridates of Pergamum, i. i.
153 Mechilta, Siphra, Siphre,
;
377.
I. i. 145 Kabboth, i. i. 147
; ;
Mithridates of Pontus, i. i. 317 ; ii.

Pesikta, i. i. 149 ; Pirke Elie- ii. 277.

ser, I. i. 151 ; Tanchuma, i. i. Mizpah, place in neighbourhood of
152 Jalkut Shimoni, l. i. 153
; ;
Jerusalem, I. i. 214.
Midrash Abba Gorion, i. i. 149 ;
Moabites, i. i. 301 ii. ii. 326.
;

Midrash Ele Eskera (on mar- Modein, home of the Maccabees, l.

tyrs in Bar-Cochba war), i. ii. i. 209,* 233, 254.

312. Modesty of the Essenes, ii. ii. 199,

Mikwaoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 211.
125. Modi us, see Aequus.
Miletus, Jews residing there, ii. ii. Moed Katan, Talmudic tract, i. i.

258. 122.
Military arrangements. Jewish Molon, see Apollonius ]\Iolon.
])rinces since John Hyrcanus had Monobazus, king of Adiabene, ii, ii.

mercenary troops, i. i. 280, 309, 309-311.

447 of Romans generally, i. ii.
;
Monotheism in heathen systems of
49 standards, i. ii. 79 in Pales-
; ;
worship, II. ii. 302 see also God.;

tine during Roman age, i. ii. 49- Months, the Hebrew and Mace-
57 II. i. 65 terms among Greeks
; ;
donian, I. ii. 363 ff. Josephus ;

ami Romans, used also by Rab- designates the Hebrew by Mace-

binical writers, ii. i. 31. donian names, i. ii. 374-376 see ;

Military seryice among Jews gener- also Calendar.

ally, II. ii. 105 under Ptolemy ;
Monumentum Ancyranum, I. i. 155.
Lagus, II. ii. 228, iii. 303 under ;
Moon, cycles of the, l. ii. 366 ;

later Ptolemies, ii. ii. 272 Jews ; eclipse of, in the year of Herod's
refuse, on Sabbath, ii. ii. 105 ;
death, I. i. 465.
Jews exempted from, l. ii. 50 ;
Morals, see Ethics.
II. ii. 259, 264 ; see also : alae, Moses liyed in time of Amosis and
cohortes, legiones, sieges. Inachus, ii. iii. 260 ; Halachutli
 ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 65

wliich are ascribed to him, ii. i.

333 legends about bini, II. i.

; N
343, iii. 73, 149 inventor of ;

alphabetical writing, ii. i. 343, iii. Nabartein, synagogue there, li. ii.

203 the father of all science and

; 71.
culture, teacher of Orpheus, ii. i. Naliutean kings, i. ii. 345-362.
343 f., iii. 206 teacher of the ; Nabateans, early history of, l. ii.

Greek philosophers, ii. iii. 239- 348 f. Petra, capital of the, i.

; ii.

241, 265, 368 sketch of his his- ; 349 kingdom of, extended from
;

tory by Demetrius, ii. iii. 200 Eed Sea to Euphrates, i. ii. 359,
by Eupolemus, ii. iii. 203 ; by ; 361 kingdom of, made a Roman
;

Artapanus, ii. iii. 206 ; by province by Trajan, i. ii. 361 ;

Ezekiel, ii. iii.; 225-228

Philo, by literature of coins and inscrip-
II. iii. 348 ; comp. also
Jubilees, : tions, 345-347.
I. ii.

Josephus sketch of his legisla-

;
Naevius Sertorius Macro, i. ii. 92, 95.
tion by Arjsteas, ii. iii. 308 ; by Nahardea, see Nehardea.
Aristobulus, li. iii. 239-241 ; by Nahum the Median, ii. i. 323, ii. 224.
Philo, II. iii. 219, 338 ft".; by Names, Greek and Latin, among
Josephus [add Jos. Antiq. iv. 8], ii. the Jews of Palestine, ii. i. 47.
iii. 269 f.; testament and ascension Name of God (nin^) uttered in
of, see Assumptio ; other Apocry- temple service, ii. i. 296, ii. 82 ;

pha which are referred to him, elsewhere not expressed, ii. ii.

II. iii. 81 heathen fables about

; 82.
him, and about the exodus of tlie Najiles, Jews residing there, ii. ii.
Israelites from Egypt, ii. ii. 293 f., 242.
iii. 249 ff. ; as magician by Pliny Nasi, title, il. i. 180-184 ; on coins
and Apuleius, II. iii. 150 ; Strabo's of Simon, i. ii. 299.
estimate of, ii. ii. 298. Nasir, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123.
Moses of Chorene on Aristo of Nathan, see Aljoth derabbi Nathan.
Pella, I. i. 72. Navalis victoria of Vespasian, i.
Moso, a female to whom origin of ii. 225 naval engagement by
;

Jewish law is ascribed by Alex. Hadrian, i. ii. 304.

Polyhistor, 199. ii. iii. Nazareni, il. ii. 89.
" Mother," title given to cities from Nazarites, Agrippa I. assists a multi-
which off'shoots had gone in tude of the, to pay their vows, i.
Jewish antiquity, ii. i. 155. ii. 56 vow of, taken by Queen
;

Mourning of priests forludd^n, ii. Helena, ii. ii. 310 vow of, taken ;

I. 214. by Berenice, i. ii. 197.

Mucianus, see Lucinius. Neajiolis near Shechem, i. ii. 231,

Munacius, L. Plancus, i. i. 343. 266 situation, i. ii. 266 era and
; ;

Murcus, see Statins Murcus. coins, I. ii. 267 worship, i. ii.

;

Muries, brine, ii. i. 43. 267 purple dyeing, ii. i. 42 ;

;

Musaeus =
Moses, teacher of Or- games, ii. i. 24 synagogue of ;

pheus, II. iii. 206 son of Orpheus, ; Samaritans, li. ii. 72 ; see also
II. iii. 300. Shechem.
Musaph-prayer, ll. ii. 57 f. Neara, village, i. ii. 41.
Music, Greek in Palestine, ii. i. Nebuchadnezzar in Book of Daniel,
36 temple, ii. i. 270 blasts of
; ; II. iii. 49 ; in Book of Judith, ii.

trombones on New Year's day, ii. iii. 32.

ii. 75
; blasts of trumpets on feast Nechonjon, see Onias IV.
days, II. ii. 75. Nedarim, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123.
l^Iustard, Egyptian, ii. i. 42. Negaim, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125.
Mvndus, Jews residing there, ii. ii. Nehardea, Jews residing there, il.
221. ii. 224, 225, 290.
 :

66 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Neheiniali, R., i. i. 127. Noorath, see Neara.

Nehorai, K, ii. ii. 45. Noria, wife of Noah, ii. iii. 151.
Nero, emperor, period of reign, I. i. Numenius, Jewish ambassador, i. i.

368 ; Palestinian coins, i. ii. 78 ;

249, 266, 267.
Jews at his court, ii. ii. 238 1".
;
Numenius, Greek philosopher, uses
death, l. ii. 231 return expected ; the O.T., II. iii. 318 f. refers to ;

according to Sibyllines, ii. iii.
285.
Neronias, city, I. ii. 196 ii. i. 133 f.;
see also Caesarea Philippi.
Nerva, emperor, relations with the
Jews, II. ii. 267.
Nethinini in the temple, ii. i. 225,
273.
New Year's day always held in
autumn, i. i. 38 il. ii. 250
Jannes and Jambres, ii. iii. 150.
Numismatics, see Coins.
; Nuts, Persian, ii. i. 43.
Nysa, name of towns, ii. i. 20 ; see
also Scythopolis.
O
Oaths, casuistical treatment of, ii.
; ;

blowing of trombones on, ii. ii. 75. ii. 122 absolutely refused by ;

New moon, proclamation of, i. ii. the Essenes, ii. ii. 199 of allegi- ;

368 service in temple on day of

; ance to the king, i. i. 445 to the ;

the, II. i. 298 ; service in syna- emperor, i. i. 445, ii. 72.

gogues, II. ii. 83. Obedas, see Obodas.
Nicanor, Syrian general, i. i. 214, Obodas I., Arabian king, i. i. 301,
228 his death, i. i. 230 day of,
; ; ii. 352.
as .Jewish festival, i. i. 230. Obodas Arabian king, B.C. 28-9,
1 1.,
Nicarchus on the Jews, i, i. 75 ; ii. I. ii. 356 was with Herod, i. i.
;

iii. 262. 414, 459, ii. 356 coins, i. ii. 356. ;

Nicephorus, stichometry, ii. iii. 125. Ochus, Artaxerxes, ii. ii. 223.
Nicolas of Damascus, i. i. 58-63 ;
Octavianus Augustus, Kes gestae,
whether Jew or heathen i. i. 'i composed by him ( = Monumentum
441 ; used Posidonius, I. i. 49 ;
Ancyranum), i. i. 115 life written ;

an authority of Josephus, i. i. 49, by Nicolas of Damascus, i. i. 61,

60, 87 zeal in service of Herod,
; 62.
I. i. 414 f., 441, 459, ii. 3, 6 on ; (1) On his political history :

the descent of Herod, i. i. 314. Period of his reign, 345 i. i. ;

Nicolaus, a kind of palm, i. i. 425 ;

battle at Philippi, 339; I. i.

II. i. 42. arrangement with Antony,

Nicomachus of Gerasa, ii. i. 119. I. i. 339 defeat of Antony,
;

Nicopolis near Actium, i. i. 437. I. i. 345 arrangements ;

Nicopolis in Palestine, see Emmaus. about the heathen cities of

Nidda, Talmudic tract, I. i. 125. Palestine, II. i. 62 decrees ;

Nika on coins and inscriptions in respecting the provinces,

Caesarea, ii. 17
i. in Damascus,; I. i. 347 ; spends B.C. 21-
II. i. 19 ; in the Hauran, ii. i. 23. 19 in the East, i. i. 350,
Nisan, Hebrew month, 363. i. ii. 409 relations with Herod,
;

Nisibis, Jews residing there, ii. ii. I. i. 393, 404-416, 426-429,

224, 290. 451-453, 457, 464; deci-

Nittai of Arbela, ii. i. 180, 353, sions after death of Herod,
357. I. ii. 2, 5, 6.
Noah, his wife Noria, ii. iii. 151 ; (2) Several details
allegorical treatment of his his- Era of, B.C. 27, i. ii. 78, 125;
tory by Philo, II. iii. 335 pre- ;
titleof Augustus, i. i. 406 ;

cepts of, II. ii. 318. Uongiaria at Rome, I. i.

Noarus = Varus, son of Soemus, see 412 ; Indian ambassadois
"Varus. visit liim, li. ii. 215 :
 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 67

rationarium imperii, i. ii. Jerusalem in time of Antiochus

114 imperial census, i.
; ii. Epiphanes, i. i. 208.
114-120 ; imijerial survey, Ohaloth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125.
I. ii. 117. Oil, an important product of Pales-
(3) Eelations with the Jews : tine, II. i. 42 ; good, e.g. Regeb in
Decrees in favour of the Perea, i. i. 304; Gischala in
Jews, II. ii. 257 gifts for ; Galilee, i. ii. 227 gifts of, to the ;
the temjjle at Jerusalem, i. priests, li. i. 238 heathen, for- ;

ii. 75 ii. ii. 305

; offerings ; bidden to Jews, II. i. 55, 265.
for the emperor at tlie Olive tree, synagogue of the, ii. ii.
temple of Jerusalem, see 74, 248.
Emperor; Palestinian Olophernes, see Holofernes.
coins, I. 125 ii. 77 f.,
;
Olympiad era, i. ii. 393 ff.
AvyovGTVjarjt, Jewish com- Olympic games imtronized by Herod,
munities in Rome, ii. ii. I. i. 439.

247. Oniares, i. i. 260.

Odeiou in Kanatha, ii. i. 27. Onias high priest,
I., I. i. 188 ;
Odium hostile of the Jews toward communication to him from the
all men, ii. iii. 26'8. Spartans, i. i. 250.
Oenomaus of Gadara, ii. i. 103. Onias II., high priest, i. i. 188.
Oenoparas, river, i. i. 244. Onias III., high priest, i. i. 188,
Oflerings, Jewish, ii. i. 278-305 * ; 202, 203.
different kinds of, ii. i. 278 f. Onias IV., builder of
; temple at
public and private, ii. i. 278 f. Leontopolis, i. i. 226
; ; ii. ii. 280,
burnt-offerings, trespass-offerings, 286-288 see also Leontopolis.
;

meat - offerings, sin - offerings, Onias, Jewish general under Ptolemy

drink-offerings, see under these VI. Philometer, ii. ii. 279.
several terms ; gifts thereof to Onias the rain maker, i. i. 317.
the priests, ii. i. 237, 242 f. ;
Onkelos, Targum, i. i. 154 date of ;

daily Inirnt, of congregation, ii. composition, i. i. 156 literatui'e, ;

i. 284-287, 294-296 ; time when I. i. 161 ;

= Aquila, I. i. 157 ; ii
brouglit in, ii. i. 287 on what ; iii. 172.
days the high priest officiated at Ouomastica of Philo, Origen, and
the, II. i. 255 daily meat-offering
; Jerome, ii. iii. 360, 361.
of high priest, ir. i. 287-289, Ojahla, division of the city of Jeru-
2.96-298; daily, cease on 17th salem, I. ii. 246.
Thammuz a.d. 70, i. ii. 242 on ; Oracle, Sibylline, see Sibyllines.
Sabbaths and festivals, ii. i. Ordination of judges and oflicers of
297 f., ii. 103; hecatombs, ii. i. the community, li. i. 179 f.; of
302 Gentiles present them to
; priests, ii. i. 215.
temple at Jerusalem, ii. i. 299- Origen, Hexapla, il. iii. 164 f. ;
305 for the emperor, i. ii. 76, 90,
; statements about Hebrew canon,
210; II, i. 302, iii.191, 267. II. i. 308 on the additions to
;

Several details : Proselytes', ii. Daniel, ii. iii. 185 on the title ;

ii. 319 ; Essenes repudiate animal of First Maccabees, ii. iii. 10 on ;

sacrifices, ii. ii. 200, 213; verses the Pharisees, ll. ii. 21 on Philo's ;

of Philemon or Menander on the Onomasticon, ii. iii. 360 quota- ;

subordinate importance of sacri- tion from Josephus about James,
fices, II. iii. 301 ; at the temple of I. ii. 146, 186, 187 on the power ;

Leontopolis, ii. ii. 286-288 no ; of Jewish ethnarchs in Palestine,

longer continued after destruction I. ii. 276f.; on creation ex nihilo,
of Jerusalem, i. ii. 268-272 II. iii. 214 ; intercession of saints,
;

liuman, charged upon Jews, ii.' II. iii. 214 on the necessary
; lie
ii. 296, iii. 266; heathen, in of Judith, II. iii. 35.
 :

D. — NAMES AND SUBJECTS,

Oiine, the province or toparcliy of Palermo, Jews residing there, ii. ii.

Jerusalem, il. i. 157 ij opavvt ; 242.

'lounxia, II. ii. 230. Palilia, Roman festival, i. ii. 393.
Orla, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122. Pallas, wife of Herod, i. ii. 20.
Orodes, King of Parthians, i. i. 340, Pallas, favourite of Claudius, I. ii.

389. 175, 183, 184.

Orpheus, Jewish verses ascribed to, Palm, see Date Palm.
II. iii. 298-301 according to ; Palma, see Cornelius.
Artapanus, a pupil of Moses, ii. Palmyra, inscriptions, i. i. 30, 31 ;
iii.206. customs tariff in time of Hadrian,
Orthosias, city, i. i. 269 f. I. ii. 67, 70 ; Jewish inscription

Osarsiph= Moses, ii. ii. 293, iii. 250. with beginning of Shema, ed. by
Ossaeans, ii. ii. 213. Landauer, i. i. 31 ; calendar, I. ii.
Ossuaria, Jewish, inscriptions on 373.
these, I. i. 31. Pamphylia, Jews residing there, il.
Otho, emperor, I. i. 370, ii. 374. ii. 221, 222.

Owl as bird of ill omen, i. ii. 164. Pan, worship of, in Caesarea Philippi,
II. i. 21, 132 f.

Uxusiou, 196 II. i. 21, 132,134.

I. i. ;

Panemos, see Months.

Panias, district of country, ii. i. 132 ;

Pachath-Moab, family, ii. i. 252. I. i. 453, ii. 12, 333.

Pacorus, Parthian prince, i. i. 340, Panias, city, ii. i. 132-135 i. ii. ;

341, 389. 14 see also Caesarea Philippi.

;

Pacorus, Parthian cup-bearer, I. i. Pantikapaion in the Crimea, Jewish

389. inscriptions there, ii. ii. 58, 69,
Palaces in Jerusalem : 226.
Palace of Hasmoneans, I. ii. 197 ;
Papias, Rabbi, I. ii. 370.
of Herod, i. i. 408, 433, 440 ;
Papias' statements about the mil-
ii. 4, 48, 211, 247; of high lennium derived from Apocalypse
priest Ananias, King Agrippa, of Baruch, ii. iii. 91.
and Berenice, l. ii. 211, 199 ;
Papias not translated by Jerome, i.

of Helena, Monobazus, and i. 99.

Grapte, ii. ii. 310. Papiscus and Jason, dialogue, l. i.
Palestine 70-72.
The name JIx'kxKTTti/Yi "Svpioc, li. Pappus, general under Antigonus,
ii. 193 ; literature on geography I. i. 396.
of, I. i. 16-20 ; maps and atlases, Pappus, a Jew in Laodicea, I. ii.

I. i. 19 i.
f. i.;25-28 286.
coins, ;

inscriptions, i.31-34 politi- Papyrus Parisiensis, n. 68 on the

i. ;

cal relationsand spread of Jews, I. i. 72 f.

Jewish population in beginning Para, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125.
of Maccabean age, i. i. 186-192; Paradise, ii. ii. 183.
political condition in time of Parafiaudion, II. i. 44.
Roman procurators, i. ii. 43-79; Paralipomena of Jeremiah, ll. iii.

comp. also on Palestine as 92.

Roman province,
I)opulation of, in time of Christ,
II. i. 1-7; boundaries according
to views of Rabbis, i. ii. 10 f.
see also Galilee, Idumea, Judea,
Perea, Samaria.
" Judea " ; Pareshioth, II. ii. 80.
Pareosh, family, il. i. 252.
Paros, Jews residing there, IL ii.
;
232, 258.
Parseeism, influence of, on Judaism,
II. i. 350; influence of, on Essenes,

Palaestina tertia, with Petra as its II. ii. 216 in the West, ii. ii. 302.
;

capital, I, ii. 362. Parties, Jewish religious, see Chasi-

 -NAMES AND SUEJECTS. 69

dees, Essenes, Pharisees, Saddu- ii. 262 ; flies from Damascus, ii.
cees, Sicarii, Zealots. i. 66, 98 ; I. ii.354, 357 scourged;

Paithia, Jews residing in, ii. ii. 221, by the Jews, ii. ii. 262
five times ;

222. imprisonment of, i. ii. 55 trial ;

Pai'tliians, literature on the history of, I. ii. 278; history

59, 74; II. ii.

of, I. ii. 35; campaign of Antiochus and chronology of his imprison-

Epiphanes against, i. i. 214 of ; ment, I. ii. 181-185 meeting ;

Demetrius Nicator, i. i. 268 f. of ; with Agrippa and Berenice, i. ii.

Antiochus Sidetes, i. i. 279 cam- ; 198 Gen. xlix. 27 applied to him
;

paign of Crassus, i. i. 332 raids ; l)y the Church Fathers and by the
upon Syria in Asia Minor, i. i. Testam. XII. Patr., ii. iii. 119, 123.
333, 340, 389-395 campaigns of
; Pea, Talmudic tract, i. i. 121.
Antony against, i. i. 340, 402 Pekiin, place so named, ii. i. 371.
= Apamea on the Orontes,
;

described by Dellius, i. i. 53 ;
Pella ii.
later relations with Eomans, i. i. i. 114.
354 f., ii. 33 wars of Trajan
; Pella in Decapolis, ii. i. 11.3-115;
against, i. ii. 28 1 f. the Arsacidae
; I. i. 196, 304, 307, 319, 320, 323
;

call themselves O/AI/Amvs;, i. i. belonging to Decapolis, ii. i. 95,

292 used the Greek calendar, I.
; 115 ;era and coins, ii. i. 115 ;

ii. 371. wrongly named among toparchies

Passover to be eaten cmly by those of Judea, ii. i. 157; flight of
who are clean, ii. ii. 322 pre- ;
Christians thither, i. ii. 230; home
scriptions about, in tragic poet of Aristo, I. i. 69 f.
Ezekiel, II. iii. 227 ; when to be Peloponnesus, Jews residing there,
celebrated, according to Aristo- II. ii. 222 see also Sparta.
;

bulus and Anatolius, ii. iii. 241 ; Pelusian linen, ii. i. 43.
I. ii. 370. Pentecost, difference in reckoning
Pater sytrngogae, ll. ii. 252 ; see between Pharisees and Sadducees,
Abba. 11. ii. 37.
Paternus, see Claudius Paternus. Perea, east of Jordan, mainly non-
Patrae, Jewish inscription there, ii. Jewish in population during the
ii. 232. earlier part of the Maccabean age,
Patriarch, highest official over the I. i. 192 Medaba conquered by
;

Jews in the days of the later John Hyrcanus, l. i. 279 con- ;

Roman empire, ll. ii. 270 ; see quests of Alexander Jannaus, i. i.

also Ethnarch. 297, 301, 304, 306; Macharus in
Patriarchs, treatment of their his- possession of Jews since time of
tory, see especially Book of Jubi- Alexander Jannaus, i. ii. 251 ;

lees,Testam. XII. Fatr., and the comp. I. i. 372; Amathus, site of

Hellenistic writers Demetrius, a Jewish Sanhedrim, i. i. 373;
Eupolemus, Artapanus, etc., also Pheroras, brother of Herod, te-
Philo and Josephus; on Testam. trarch of Perea, I. i. 409, 453 ;

XII. Pair., see Testaments. Callirrhoe visited by Herod, i. i.

Patripassian Christoloc,'v in Testam. 463 extent and population in
;

XII. Patr., II. iii. 118; in Book first Christian century, ii. i. 2-4;
of Baruch, li. iii. 193. on the boundary to the East, I. i.
Paul the Apostle, literature on 304 see also Ragaba
; also Ra- ;

chronology of his life, i. i. 23 ;

gal)a Zia,ii. i. 121 ; frontier strife
home in Cilicia, see Cilicia ;
of Jews of Perea with the Phila-
(7«>?i/o7ro<oV, 11. i. 44 his Roman ; delphians, i. ii. 167 Vespasian ;

citizenship, ii. ii. 277 ; made use subdues Perea, i. ii. 231 see also ;

of Greek Bible, ii. ii. 285 used ; Ammonites, Gilead, Moabites.

the Wisdom of Solomon, ii. iii. Perek schalom, Talmudic tract, i. i.

234 ; persecutes the Christians, ii. 144.

 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Pergamum, Jews residing there, ii. 15 their politics, li. ii. 17 f.

; ;

ii. 221, 262; add to this: Josephiis, constituted an exclusive paity

Aniiq. xiv. 10. 22 alleged rela- ; within the Jewish community,
tionship of Jews and Pergamenes, II. ii. 19-26 rigid enforcement of
;

I. i. 251. laws of purity, ii. ii. 19-26 esti- ;

Pericopes, ii. ii. 79-81. mate of in Assuviptio Mosis, ii.

Peripatetics, see Aristotle. iii. 76, 80

history of the, ii. ii.
;

Feriplus maris Erythraei, I. ii. 359; 25-28 ; John Hyrcanus

abolishes
II. i. 37, 44. tlie ordinances of the, i. i. 286-
Peritios, see Months. 289 Alexandra introduces them
;

Persephone, worship of, in Gaza, ii. again, i. i. 309 had among the ;

i. 12; in Ptolemais, ii. i. 18. people more weight than Saddu-

Perseus and Andromeda in Joppa, cees, II. ii. 28, 42 had seats in ;

II. i. 15. the great Sanhedrim, ii. i. 174.

Perseus on coins of Ptolemais, ll. i. Pharnaces, king of Pontus, i. i.
18. 335.
Persian influence upon Judaism and Pharnapates, Parthian general, i. i.

on the West, see Parseeisra. 341.

Persius, satirist, on the Jews, ii. ii. Pharsalia, battle of, i. i. 335, 376.
306. Phasael, brother of Herod, i. i. 383-
Pesachim, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122. 391.
Pesikta, i. 149; rabbathi, i. i. 150;
i. Phasael, son of Herod, i. ii. 20.
sutarta, i. i. 151 new, i. i. 151.
;
Phasael, tower on palace of Herod,
Peter the Apostle, i. ii. 160; Petri et I. ii. 211, 247.

Pauli praedicatio, ll. iii. 294. Phasaelis, city in Palestine ii. i.

Peter, freedman, i. ii. 152. 131, 132 435, ii. 7.
; I. i.

Petra (the old Selah), capital of Phaselis in Lycia, Jews residing

Nabateans, i. i. 316, ii. 350 era of ;
there, li. ii. 221.
A.D. 106, I. ii. 361 called 'Aopixv/i
; Pheroras, brother of Herod, i. i.
Uirpcc, I. ii. 296; capital of Palaes- 409, 415, 458, 462 tetrarch of ;

tina tertia, i. ii. 362 kings of, see ; Perea, i. i. 409-453.

Nabatean Kings Phiala, the reputed source of the
Petronius, governor of Egypt, i. i. Jordan, i. ii. 14.
407, 408. Philadelphia in Palestine, ii. i. 119-
Petronius, P., governor of Syria, i. 121; I. i. 197, ii. 167 belonged ;

i. 385f.; ii. 75, 99-103, 157. to Decapolis, ii. i. 95 era an<l ;

Phabi, high priestly family, ii. i. coins, II. i. 120 worship there, ;

197, 204. II. i. 20 games, ii. i. 25, 28.

;

Phaena, village in Trachonitis, i. ii. Philemon, comic poet, spurious

11; 156.
II. 1. verses ascribed to, ii. iii. 298-
Phannias, son of Samuel, high priest, 301.
II. i. 202 I. ii. 228.
;
Philip, son of Antiochus VIII.,
Pharaton, place so named, i. i. 236. king of Syria, i. i. 182 f.
Pharethothes, king of Egvpt, ll. iii. Philip, son of preceding, i. i. 183.
206. Philij),Syrian general, i. i. 222, 224,

Pharisees, ll. ii. 1-43 * explanation ;

226.
of the name, ii. ii. 19 ; testimony Philip, son of Herod, tetrarch, i. i.
of Josephus, II. ii. 2-5 testimony ; 416, 456, 464 II. 2, 6 f. ; reign, i.
;

of the Mishna, ii. ii. 5-9 attitude ;

ii. 10-16,* 335 ; cities founded by,

toward the law, ii. ii. 10-12 ; I. ii. 14 ;II. i. 132-136 coins, I. ;

diffei'ences in their views of the ii. 15 ; was not husband of Hero-

law from those of the Sadducees, dias, I. ii. 22 ; married Salome, i.

II. ii. 34-38 their dogmatics, ii.

;
ii. 15 ; date of his marriage, l. ii.

ii. 12-17 ; were Stoics, ii. ii. 5, 28.

 —— ; ——

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 71

Philip, officer of Acjrippa II., r. ii. ascribed to Philo, ii. iii.

200, 211. 234.

Philippi, battle of, i. i. 339, 387. His Doctrine :

Philippus, Marcius, see Marcius. His general standpoint, ii. iii.

Philo the Epic poet = Philo the 363 f. ethical interest pre-
;

elder, ii. iii. 197, 222-224. dominant, II. iii. 330 theory ;

Philo the Jewish philosopher, ii. of Scripture (Canon, allegori-

iii.321-381 ;* life, ii. iii. 322 f.; cal exegesis), ii. iii. 366, 367 ;
I. 96
ii. Greek culture, ii. iii.
; Jewish standpoint, ii. iii. 367-
363 Jewish learning, ii. iii. 365
; ;
369 Messianic Hope, ii. ii.
;

historical writings,ii. iii. 219-221 146-148, iii. 369; doctrine of

philosophical writings, II. iii. God, II. iii. 369 f. of inter- ;

243 f. ; reports concerning the mediate beings, ii. iii. 371-

Essenes, ii. ii. 192 f. editions of ; 373 of the Logos, ii. iii.
;

his works, li. iii. 323-326. 374 f. of the creation and pre-
;

His Writings in detail :

servation of the world, ii. iii.

(1) Z>5T)}^«T« Kxl Awe(? (cata- 376 f. anthropology,; li. iii.

chetical explanation of the 377; ethics, ii. iii. 378-381.

Pentateuch), ii. iii. 327-329. Philo Byblius, writing of, on the
(2) Allegorical commentaries on Jews, i. i. 74 ii. iii. 304. ;

select portions of Genesis, ii. Philocrates, brother of Aristeas,

329-338.
iii. II. iii. 307.
(3) Systematic exposition of Philodemus of Gadara, philosopher,
the Mosaic law {i.e. of the II. i. 29, 103.
whole contents of the Penta- Philosophers, Greek, wlio belonged
teuch), II. iii. 338-347. to Palestine, ii. i. 28 f.

(4) Life of Moses, ii. iii. 348. Philosophy :

(5) Quod oninis probus liber, u. («) Palestinian -Jewish or

iii. 349. Gnomic wisdom, ii. iii. 23-
(6) On the persecutors of the 32.
Jews (Sejanus, Flaccus, Cal- (6) Hellenistic - Jewish, ii. iii.

igula), II. iii. 349-354. 228-248, 321-381.

(7) I)e providentia, 354. ii. iii. (c) Greek, its influence on the
(8) Alexander s. de ratione Jewish, see Aristotle, Plato,
animalium, ii. iii. 355. Pythagoras,Stoics. The Greek
(9) Hypothetica, li. iii. 355. philosophers derived their
(10) Apologia p)ro Judaeis, ii. wisdom from Moses, ii. iii.
iii. 356. 239-241, 265, 368.
(11) Lost treatises, ii. iii. 356, Philostephanus, Egyptian general,
357. I. i. 296.

(12) Non-gemiine works :

Philoteria, town on the Lake of
(a) De vita conteiiiplativa, Gennesaret, i. i. 196, 306.
II. iii. 357. Phineesos, see Phannias.
(b) De incorrujyfihilitate Phineus, worship of, in Joppa, ii. i.
mundi, ii. iii. 359. 15.
(c) De mundo, ii. iii. 359. Phocvlides, didactic poet, ll. iii.

(d) De Sampsone et Jona, 313-316.

360.
II. iii. Phoenicia as taxation district during
(e) Interpretatio Hebrai- the age of the Ptolemies, i. i.
corum nominum, II iii. 190 trade of, il. i. 37 minting
; ;

360. of coins in, ii. i. 40 see also ;

(/) Breviarium temporuvi, coins, Tyre, Sidon.

I. i. 189 II. iii. 361. ; Phraates, king of the Parthians, i.
(13) Wisdom of Solomon i. 269.
 ;; ;;

72 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Phrygia, Jews residing there, ir. ii. Polemon of Pontus, I. ii. 159.
222 ; Jewish colonists jjlaced there Polio, a Pharisee, ll. i. 358; i. i. 419,
by Antiochus the Great, ii. ii. 444.
226 see also Apamea, Laodicea.
; Police, see Temple Police.
Phylacteries, il. ii. 113. Pollio, see Asinius.
Pifate, see Pontius Pilate. Polybius, life and works, i. i. Ill ;

Pilgrimages of Jews to Jerusalem, his character of Antiochus Epi-

II. ii. 51, 290 ; numbers of, going phanes, i. i. 199 f.
to the feast, ii. ii. 290. Polygamy permitted among the
Pirichas, high priest, see Phannias. Jews, I. i. 455.
Pinchas, chief custodier of the robes, Pomaerium of the city of Rome, ii.
.
II. i. 268. ii. 248.
Piratbon, place so named, see Pompeius Sextus, i. i. 343.
Pharaton. Pompeius Falco, governor of Judea,
Pirke Aboth, or simply Aboth, I. ii. 260.
tract of Mishna, I. i. 124 ii. iii. ; Pompeius, Longinus, governor of
30.* Judea, I. ii. 259.
Pirke de-Rabbi Elieser, 151. i. i. Pompeius Trogus, see Justin.
Piso, legate of Pompey, i. i. 321. Pompey makes Syria a Roman
Piso, L., praefedus urbi, died a.d. 32, province, i. i. 184, 328 frees the ;

I. i. 360-362, ii. 153. frontiers of Palestine from Jewish

Piso, another praefedits urbi about rule, I. i. 323 ii. i. 61 Tlo^uv^tsii
; ;

A.D. 36, I. i. 361 f., ii, 153. Tcthxpil;, II. i. 102 era of, see ;

Piso, see Calj^urnius. Era subdues the Jews, i. i. 317-

;

Pitholaus, I. i. 375. 325 ; carries Jews away to Rome,

Placidus, I. i. 220, 231. I. i. 324 ; II. ii. 234 mentioned ;

Plancus, see Munacius. in Psalms of Solomon, ii. iii. 20 f.

Plato, influence of his philosophy secures power in Rome, Trium-
on the Jewish, ii. iii. 233 f., 363 f. virate and civil wars, i. i. 328-335
(piXuul^ei II. iii. 364 dependent
; death, i. 1. 376.
on Moses, ii. iii. 240 a Muvar.s
; Pomponius, L. Flaccus, governor of
ccTTix.i'!^av, II. iii. 319. Syria, i. i. 361-364, ii. 153.
Plato of Gerasa, li. i. 29, 119. Pondion, see Dupondius.
Pleiades, i. i. 275. Pontius Pilate, i. ii. 20, 30, 78, 81-
Pliny the elder, had a place in the 86 * period of
; office, i. ii. 81 f. ;

army of Titus in the war against character, i. ii.83 ; acqueduct^-,

the Jews, l. ii. 236 f. ; on Moses I. ii. 84 f. ; death according to
and other magicians, ll. iii. 150 ;
Christian legends, i. ii. 86.
on the Essenes, ii. ii. 192, 193 f. Pontus, Jews residing there, ii. ii.

Plough used at the founding and at 221, 222, 226.

the overthrow of a city, i. ii. Pontus Polemoniacus, see Polemon.
308. Popilius Laenas, i. i. 205.
Plutarch, life and works, i. i. 112 ;
Poppaea, Empress, i. i. 78, ii. 183,
on the Jews, ii. ii. 295. 190, 197; II. ii. 238, 308.
Pluto, worship of, in Ptoleraais, ii. Population of Palestine in time of
i. 18. Christ, II. i. 1-8.
Poetry, see Epic Poetry, Psalms, Porcius Festus, procurator, i. ii. 183-
Proverbial Wisdom. 187, 196.
Polemics, heathen, against the Jews, Porphyry on the history of the
II.ii. 291-297, iii. 249-262; Seleucidae, I. i. 170 f. on the ;

Jewish, against the heathen, ii. Essenes, il. ii. 201 on the ;

iii. 262-270. Egyptian priests, ii. iii.255.

Polemon of Cilicia, i. ii. 195, 197 Porto, near Rome, Jews residing
II. ii. 308 f. there, ll. ii. 240.
 ;
: : ;

D. IS^AMES AND SUBJECTS. 73

Poseidon, worship in Ascalon, ii. i. Presbyters, see Elders.

14 in Caesarea, il. i. 17.
; Priests, the Jewish generally, ii. i.

Posidonius, historian, i. i. 47-50 207-305.

against the Jews, ii. iii. 262. (1) The priesthood as a distinct
Potestas gladii, i. ii. 57. order, li. i. 207-229 pedi- ;

Predestination, see Providence. grees, II. i. 210 marriages, ;

Praedicatio Petri et Pauli, ii. iii. II. 210-213 purity, ii. i.

i. ;

294. 213 f. freedom from physical

;

Praefedus as title, i. ii. 45 f. defect, II. i. 214 f.; age for be-
Praeses as title, I. ii. 46. ginning service, ll. i. 214 f. ;

Praetorian rank of Roman vassal cunsecration, il. i. 215 ;

kings, I. i. 450, ii. 153, 203, 342. twenty-four courses, II. i.216-
Pretorium at Jerusalem, i. ii. 48 ; 221 heads of these, ii. i. 221.
;

see also Palaces. (2) Emoluments, ii. i. 230-254 ;

Prayer, casuistical revolutions re- gifts from the offerings, II. i.

garding, II. ii. 115-118; washing 230 f. from first-fruits of tlie
;

of hands before, ii. ii. 70, Index field, II. i. 235, 236 from the ;

vol. p. 93 ; not necessarily in sacrificial victims, ii. i. 237-

Hebrew, ii. i. 10, ii. 284 ; straps 245 first-born of man, li. i.
;

(Tephillin, Phylacteries), II. ii. 243 revenues from general

;

113; standing at, and looking to offerings, ii. i. 245 f. gifts ;

Jerusalem, ii. ii. 78 looking not ; for maintenance of worship,

to sun, but to temple, ii. ii. 214 ;
11. i.249-254.
spitting not in front or to the (3) The various functions of
right during prayer, ii. ii. 211 ;
the priesthood, ii. i. 254-273 ;

the three hours of prayer, ii. i. the high priest, ii. i. 254 f. ;

290 ; Shema morning and (for see also article High Priest
evening), see Shema Shemoneh ; cajjtain of the temple (Segan),
Esreh, thrice a day, see Shemoneh ;
II. i. 257-259 treasurers, ii.
;

at table, ii. ii. 17 ; in synagogue, i. 260-264 temple-police, ii.

;

78
II. ii. ; see also Musaph-prayer; i. 264-268 officials conduct-
;

public prayer in open places, ing the worship, ii. i. 268-273.

speciallyon sea-shore, ii. ii. 72 ; (4) The
daily service, ii. i. 273-
prayer and offerings for heathen 299 the several courses re-
;

rulers, i. ii. 76 f. ; ii. i. 302 f., iii. lieve one another, ii. i. 273 f.
191 Onias' wonderful power in,
; official robes for ser\'*ice, ii.
I. i. 316 of deceased saints for
; i. 276 f. these remained in
;

the people, li. iii. 214. temple, li. i. 260, 268 use ;

Prayer of Azariah and song of the of wine forbidden during

Three Youths in the furnace, ii. period of ser^dce, ll. i. 278 ;
iii. 183 f. washings, II. i. 278 priest's ;

Prayerof Joseph, apocryphal writing, benediction in the temple,

127-129.
II. iii. II. i. 296, ii. 82 in the syna- ;

Prayer of Manasseh, ii. iii. 188. gogue, II. ii. 82 could be ;

Preaching in the synagogues, ii. ii. uttered only in Hebrew, ii.

82. i. 10, ii. 284.
Precepts of Noah, ii. ii. 318. (5) Other details
Pre-existence of the Messiah, ii. ii. Their political attitude, i. i.
161 of the soul according to
; 188 II. i. 165, 171 (the Upiig
;

Wisdom of Solomon, ii. iii. 2.33 f. as third category along with

according to Philo, ii. iii. 377 ;
and yspovaiot); posi-
«o>:;/£/5£y?
according to the Essenes, ii. ii. tion in Sanhedrim, ii. i. 174-
205 of the law according to Book
; 184 distinguished priests
;

of Jubilees, ii. iii. 137. constituted the Jewish aris-

74 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

tocracy, ii. ii. 41-43 ;

pre- 311-319; designations ((po/3ot^^£i/o<,
cedence f,^enerally, ii. iii. 1 ;
a-lirjui'joi, gerivi, Trpoa'/iT^vroi, II. ii.

precedence over princes ac- 315 ; and of righteous-

of the gate,
cording to Testam. XII. Pair., ness, 316-319 rites of in-
II. ii. ;

ir. iii. 119; chief place in itiation and admission, II. ii. 319-
synagogue services, ii. ii. 79 ;
324 baptism of, li. ii. 321-324
; ;

relations with the scribes, ii. obligations and riglits of, ii. ii.
i. 208, 230, 313, 321 posi- ;
324-327.
tion after destruction of the Proseuche = Synagogue, II. ii. 68-73.
temple, i. ii. 271-273 priests ;
Proverbial wisdom, ii. iii. 23-32.
in temple at Leontopolis, ii. Providence, doctrine of among Phari-
ii. 288 priests of the Essenes,
;
sees and Sadducees, ii. ii. 13-17 ;

ir. ii. 203. among the Essenes, li. ii. 202 ;

Priests, Egyptian, ii. iii. 249. in ])seudo-Orpheus, ll. iii. 298 in ;

Privileges of the Jews, ii. ii. 263 f. Philo de providentia, ii. iii. 354 f.
Fro praetore, see Legatus A ugusti. Provinces, Roman, enactments of
Froconmles = Governors of the Augustus regarding the, i. i. 347,
Senatorial provinces, i. i. 347 f. ii. 45 literature on constitution
;

Procurator as title of Governor of of the, I. i. 327, ii. 45.

Equestrian rank, i. ii. 45 had the ; Provocatio, Roman, ii. ii. 278.
jus gladii, I. ii. 46 finance, i. ii. ; Psalms the seven-week Psalms, ii.
:

46,69, 118 f. i. 291 of the Maccabean age, ii.

;

Frocuratores ad census accipiendos, i. iii. 15-17 ; of Solomon, ii. iii.

ii. 118 f., 140. 17-23.
Procurators of Judea, legal position Psalter, stringed instrument, ii. i.
during the term of office, i. ii. 272.
44-79 subordinate to the gover-
;
Psamuieticus, king of Egypt, ii. ii.

nor of Syria, I. ii. 46 f. ; residence 227.

of, I. ii. 48 military command, ;
Pseudo - Jonathan, Targum, see
I. ii. 49-57 authority, jus gladii,
;
Jonathan.
I. ii. 57-65 finance administra-
;
Pseudonymous literature, see Litera-
tion, I. ii. 65-71 history of the, ; ture.
I. ii. 79-105, 166-191 coins, i. ; Psychology of the Pharisees, ii. ii. 13;
ii. 77. of the Essenes, il. i. 205 of the ;

Products of Palestine, ll. i. 41 f. Wisdom of Solomon, ii. iii. 233 f.;

Propaganda, Jewish, ii. iii. 262-270. of Philo, II. iii. 377 f. see also ;

Prophets, the nature of their work Intermediate State, Resurrection.

according to Pliilo, ii. iii. 366 f. ;
Ptolemais = Akko, Ake, city, i. i. ;

ecstasy of, ii. iii. 380 Cleodemus II. i. 90-94; AvTtox,ih iv IItoAs- '
;

or Malchus 6 7rpo(t)tirY]g, ii. iii. /nxihi, II. i. 92 eras of, il. i. 91, ;

209 ; Theudas, TcotpjjTyif h.tyiv 94 coins, ii. i. 91, 93, 94 wor-

; ;

shc&i, I.ii. 168 ; Josephus as a ship, 18 birth of Aphro-

II. i. ;

prophet, I. i. 79, ii. 223; the dite at, II. i. 18 gymnasium, il. ;

Egyptian -nrpoipyirn; iivai 'Kiyav, I. i. 27 Jews residing there, ii. i.

;

ii. 180 ;
gift prophetic among 94.
Essenes, ll. ii. 204 pseud epi- ;
Ptolemy T. Lagus, ii. ii. 228.
graphs prophetic, li. iii. 44-133 ;
Ptolemy II. Philadelphus takes per-
'TTpoCC^rxi among Egyptian priests, manent possession of Palestine,
II. iii. 255. II. i. 59 ; cities founded by, in
Prosbol, II. i. 32, 362 f. Palestine, see Philadelphia, ii. i.
Pioselytes, ii. ii. 291-327 ; literature 119 ; Philoteria, l. i. 196 Ptole- ;

about them, il. ii. 304 f. ;

great mais, II. i. 91 f. causes Penta- ;

number and wide spread, li. ii. teuch to be translated into Greek,
304-311 ; various grades, ii. ii. II. iii. 160, 30(;.
 D.- -NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 75

Ptolemy III. Euergetes, ir. i. fiO ;

II. ii. 253 a merchant from
;

sacrifices in Jerusalem, ii. i. 301. Ascalon there, i. i. 315 Nabatean ;

Ptolemv IV. Philopater, ii. ii. 257, inscriptions, i. ii. 346, 356, 358.

iii. 216. Pytliagoras borrows from Jews and

Ptolemy V. Epiphanes, ii. i. GO. Thracians, ii. iii. 318 dependent ;

Ptolemy VI. Philometor interferes on Moses, ii. iii. 240.

in Syrian affairs, l. i. 240, 242, Pythagorean ism, infiuence of, on
244 his death,
; I. i. 245 had ; the Essenes, ii. ii. 216 f ; on .

Jewish generals, ii. ii. 279 allows ; Philo, II. iii. 364.
building of Jewish temple at
Leontopolis, ii. ii. 286 Aristo- ;

liulus dedicates to him his book Q

on the Mosaic law, ii. iii. 237.
Ptolemy VII. Physcon, I. i. 280 II. ; Quadrans, ii. i. 40.
ii. 256, iii. 26, 217, 280. Quadratus, see Ummidius Quad-
Ptolemy VJII. Lathurus, I. i. 284, ratus.
296, 297 ; ii. i. 93. Quasten, see Zizith.
Ptolemy Auletes, i. i. 331. Quietus, see Lusius Quietus.
Ptolemy, son of Antony and Cleo- Quinctilius, P. Varus, i. i. 351, 462,
patra, I. i. 344. ii. 2, 5 mentioned in Assumptio
;

Ptolemy, general of Antiochus Epi- Mosis, II. iii. 76 Polenios shel ;

phanes, I. i. 214. Varos, I. ii, 5.

Ptolemy, son-in-law of Simon the Quirinius, see Sulpicius Quirinius.
Maccabee, i. i. 271, 275.
Ptolemy Menniius, ruler of Chalcis,
I. i. 387, ii. 328, 329-331 coins, ; E
I. ii. 331.
Ptolemy, brother of Nicolas of Rabba of the Ammonites = Phila-
Damascus, i. i. 441. deli)hia, ii. i. 119.
Ptolemv, finance minister of Herod, Rabba tamana, ii. i. 119.
I. i. 441. Rablsi, title, ii. i. 315 ; duo rebhites
Ptolemy, author of a work xsoi in Venosa, ii. ii. 269.
'Hpuhv (probably Ptolemy of = Rabbi = R. Judah ha -Nasi, see
Ascalon), i. i. 57, 58. Judali.
Ptolemy of Ascalon, grammarian, Rabbinical literature, 117-166 i. i. ;

II. i. 28 ; probably author of -yrspi lexicons and grammars, i. i. 138 f.

'Upalov, I. i. 57, 58. Rabbis, see Scribes.
Ptolemy, Mendesius, writer, ii. iii. Rabboth, Midrashim, i. i. 145-153.
260. Rabel, Rabilus, Arabian king, i. ii.
Publicani, I. ii. 67-69. 360 f. an older king of same
;

Public schools among the Jews, ii. name, i. ii. 352.

ii. 47-52. Ragaba, fortress, i. i. 304.
Publicans regarded as no better RaL^uel in Book of Tobit, II. iii. 37 f.
than robbers, i. ii. 71. Raiiab, ii. i. 344.
Publicius Marcellus, governor of Ramathaim (Rama) down to B.C.
Syria, l. ii. 263, 304. 145 belonging to Samaria, sub-
Purifications in heathen religious sequently j)art of Judea, i. i. 190,
services, ii. ii. 303. 191, 245 f. situation of, I. i. 246.
;

Purim, feast of, i. ii. 370. Rammius, Martialis, governor of

Purple dyeing, industry at Sarepta, Egypt, I. ii. 282.
Caesarea, Neapolis, Lydda, ii. i. Raphael in Book of Tobit, ii. iii,
41, 42. 38.
Puteoli, Jews residing there, ii. ii. Raphana = Riphon, city, ii. i. 105 ;

241 ; Tvpiot and Berytenses there, belonging to Decapolis, ii. i. 95.

 "

70 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Eaplianeia in Syria, li. i. 106. of Claudius, li. ii. 237 relation ;

Hapliia, ii. i. 66 f.; i. i. 298, 306, of Jews with imperial court, ii.
,323 ; coins and era, li. i. G7 ;
ii. 238 ; dwelling and burying-
worship, II. i. 12. l>laces of Jews, ii. ii. 239, 240 ;

Ravenna, Jews residing there, ii. ii. sepulchral inscriptions, i. i. 31-

242. 34 constitution of Jews in, il. ii.
;

Heading, instruction in, ii. ii. 47 f. ;

246-252 synagogues of Jews in,
;

desk in synagogue, ii. ii. 75 of ;

II. ii. 74, 247, 260, 283 protection ;

Scripture in synagogue worship, of Jews there by Augustus, ii. ii.

II. ii. 76, 79-81. 260 have civil rights of freed-
;

Regeb, i. i. 305. men, ii. ii. 276 Jews there ;

Rcqes socii, legal standing of, i. i. send Jerusalem, ii. ii.

gifts to
'

448-451, ii. 122-127. 288 journey of four famous

;

Rfkera, proselytes living there, ii. scribes to Rome, ii. i. 370; "God
ii. 326 fearing" (proselytes) in Rome, IX.
Ji'digio licita, ii. ii. 260, 268. ii. 308 Christians in, see Flavins
;

Iltdigions, heathen, in Palestine, ii. Clemens.

'11-23; Oriental in the West,
i. Roma, worship of, in connection
ii. 300 - 303 ; blending of, see witli that of Augustus, li. i. 16.
Syncretism. Romans, their relations with the
Heliqua verborum BarucM, li. iii. 92. Jews before Pompey :

lle])entance as necessary, prepara- (a) Under Judas, i. i. 231.

tion for coming of Messiah, il. ii. (h) Under Jonathan, i. i. 249.
163 for want of it he is still con-
;
(f) Under Simon, i. i. 268-268;
cealed, 164. II. ii. II. ii. 233.
Resurrection, belief in doctrine of, (d) Under John Hyrcanus, i. i.

among Pharisees, li. ii. 13 of ; 277.

the righteous, ii. ii. 174 ; general, Roman supremacy in Judea in the
II. ii. 179-181 ; see also Immor- time of the Procurators :

tality. (a) The administration of law,

Retribution, doctrine of, II. ii. 91- 43-79.
I. ii.

93, 301 ; according to Philo, II. {h) History, I. ii. 79-105, 166-
iii. 347. 191.
Revelation according to Philo, ii. Roman emperor and people, offer-
iii. 366, 368 see Canon, Law,;
ings for, at temple of Jerusalem,
Prophets, Scripture. II. i. 302.

Rewards as chief motive in Jewish Roman citizens in Jerusalem are

legislation, ii. ii. 91-93. subject to the temple law, i. ii.
Rhodes, Jews residing in, ii. ii. 74 II. i. 188
; f., 265 f. ; see also
221 ; ApoUonius Molon residing Heathens.
there writes against them, li. iii. Roman senate, decrees of, and other
252 buildings of Herod there, i.
;
edicts in favour of the Jews. i. i.
i. 437. 90 f., 109, 266, 277, 378, 388, ii.

Rinokorura, i. i. 306. 168 II. ii. 257 ff., 27.5.

;

Rome, Oriental forms of worship Roman citizenship of Jews, ii. ii.

there, ii. ii. 301 f. foreign reli- ;

276-279 ; equestrian rank of
gions down to the second Chris- Jews, 281.
II. ii.

tian century allowed only outside Roman estimate of

writers, their
of the pomaerium, ii. ii. 248, 260 ;
Judaism, ii. ii. 291-297.
Jews residing there, ii. ii. 232- Romans understood by the Rabbis
241 number of Jews there in
;
to be meant by the " Edomites
time of Augustus, ii. ii. 235 their ;
of the Bible, ii. iii. 99.
expulsion in time of Tiberius, ii. Romulus = Armilus, the Antichrist,
ii. 235 their expulsion in time
;
II. ii. 165 ; see Index vol. p. 94.
 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS. V7

Rosli liotli-.liii, 11. i. 184. bulus, II. iii. 240, 270 accord- ;

Kosh Hasliaua, Taliuudic tract, i. i. ing to riiilc), II. iii. 269 ver.ses ;

122. of Hesiod, Homer, and Linu.s

Eufinus, reputed translator of Jo.se- on, II. iii. 302.
phus, I. i. 99 f. (5) Heathen opinions aboiit the
Rufus, olficer of Herod, l. ii. 51. Sabbath festival (Tacitus, Ju-
Rufus, see Anniiis Rufus, Cluvius II. ii. 295, iii. 269 f.
venal),
Rufus, Tineius Rufus. (6) Observance of Sabbath fes-
Ruth, Midrash on, i. i. 148. tival forbidden by Antiochus
Rutilius Lupus, governor of Egypt, Epiphanes, i. i. 207 alleged ;

I. ii. 281 f. also to have been done by

Hadrian, i. ii. 318.
Sabbath day's journey, ii. ii. 102,
S 120-122 flimits tixed at Geser(?),
I. i. 261 f.

Sabaoth as name of God, ii. ii. 234. Sabbatical year, reading of Deiiter-
Sabazius, ii. ii. 233 f., 300. onomy during, i. ii. 157 escape ;

Sabbath : from prosecution for debt during,

(1) Offerings in temple, li. i. 291, set aside by Hillel, ii. i. 362 f. ;
ii. 103 ; synagogue services, ii. heathen opinions about, ii. ii.
ii. 75-83, 282 afternoon ser-
; 295 I. i. 42 historical witnesses
; ;

vice in synagogue, ii. ii. 83 ;

for the, I. i. 41-43, 224, 274.
prayer on, see Musaph-prayer Sabbe, a Sibyl, ii. iii. 273.
and Shemoneh Esreh lights ; Sabim, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125.
kindled on, ii. ii. 306 not a ;
Sabinus Procurator, i. ii. 3, 4, 5.
fast day as many Romans Sabinus, Syrian soldier, i. ii. 242.
wrongly supposed, i. i. 322, 323, Sacrifices, see Offerings.
398 f. beginning and end of
;
Sacrificial feasts, ii. i. 231, 236,
proclaimed by trumpets, ii. i. 240 ; avuhiiT^vot, of Jews allowed
273, ii. 75 Habdala, form of
; by Cae-sar, ii. ii. 258 ; of the
prayer for close of, ii. ii. 88. Essenes, ii. ii. 200,
(2) Strict observance of Sabbath Sadducees, 43 explanation
ii. ii. 1, ;

rest, II. ii. 96-105 by the ;

of name, il. ii. 31-34 testimony ;

Essenes, ii. ii. 199, 209 evasion ; of Jose])hus, II. ii. 2-5 testimony ;

of law, II. ii. 120-122 no ; of the Mishna, ii. ii. 5-8 formed ;

court held on Sabbath, ii. ii. the party of the priestly aris-
190 Jews not required to
; tocracy, II. ii. 29-34 attitude ;

appear before heathen tribu- toward the law, ii. ii. 34-38 ;

nal, II. ii. 265 no battle ;

in jnriod followed the Pharisees,
except in case of need, ii. ii. II. ii. 28, 42 detailed dift'erences
;

105 Jerusalem
; taken on in tlieory of law between them
Sabbath by Pompey, Herod, and and Pliarisees, ii. ii. 35-38 put ;

Titus (?), I. i. 322 f., 398, ii. on same level as Samaritans, ii.
244 (Dio Cassias, xxxvii. 16, 1. 8 scribes of i)arty of, ii. 1.
;

xlix. 22, Ixvi. 7) ; also by 319 f their dogmatics, II. ii.

. ;

Ptolemy Lagus, according to 38 f. origin and history, ii. ii.

;

Josephus, Antiq. xii. 1, c. 39-43 John Hyrcanus on side

;

Apion, i. '2% fin. of, I. i. 286-290; position in

(3) Sabbath festival of Jews in the Sanhedrim during the Roman
the Dispersion protected by period, ii. i. 174 overthrow of, ;

magistrates, ii. ii. 258 f., 265, I. ii. 272.

28.3. Sadduk = Zadok, ii. ii. 31, 33.
(4) Value and significance of the Sadduk, Pharisee, I. ii. 80 ; ii. ii. 31,
Sabbath accordiu<' to Aristo- 32.
 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Safforine, see Sepplioiis. writers from among the, ii. iii.

Sagan or Segan, captain of temple, 211, 225 in Egypt, il. ii. 230
; ;

ii. i. 257-259. in Rome, ii. ii. 241.

.Sar/um, ii. i. 44. Sanibetlie, a Sibyl, II. ii. 69, iii.
Salamis in Cyprus, destroyed hy 273.
rebel Jews, I. ii. 284 see Cyprus. ; Sameas, a Pharisee, ii. i. 358 i. i. ;

Salampso, daugliter of Herod, i. i. 384, 420, 444 see also Shemaiah.

;

455. Samoa, Jews residing there, ii. ii

Halina, see Alexandra. 221.
Halkliat, place so named, i. ii. 13. Samosata, i. i. 341, 395.
Salome Alexandra, see Alexandra. Sampsame, Jews residing there, ii.
Salome, sister of Herod, i. i. 422, ii. 221.

429, 431, 456, 457, 461, ii. 7, 9 ;

Sampseans, ii. ii. 213.
firsthusband Joseph, i. i. 422 ;
Sampsigeram of Emesa in time of
second husband Costobar, I. i. Pompey, i. i. 184 another in ;

431 her daughter Berenice, i. i.

; time of Claudius, i. ii. 159.
456 held certain towns in Pales-
; Samuel the little, interpolates the
tine, I. ii. 7, II. i. 62 death, i. ; birkath ha -minim into the
ii. 8, 9. Sliemoneh Esreh, ii. ii. 88.
Salome, daughter of Herodias, wife Samuel, Mar, in Nehardea, i. ii. 372.
of tetvarch Philip, i. ii. 15, 22, Sanballat, ii. i. 7.
27 afterwards married Aristo-
; Sandals, ii. i. 44.
bulus, son of Herod of Chalcis, i. Sanhedrim, the Great, ii. i. 163-195.
ii. 342. (1) History, ii. i. 165-173 five ;

Salvidenus, governor of Judea, i. ii. Sanhedrims of Gabinius, i. i.

259. 372 II.
; i. 168 f court of . ;

Samaria = Sebaste, city, ir. i. 123- Jamnia after destruction of

127;* Alexander the Great Jerusalem, i. ii. 275-277.
settled Macedonians there, i. i. (2) Its composition, ii. i. 174-
196 i. 123 ; destroyed by
II. ; 184 number of members, ii.
;

. John Hyrcanus, i. i. 283 de- ; i. 175 sending out of the lUot.

;

livered by Pompey, I. i. 323 ;

TrpuToi, II. i. 179; presidency,
given to Herod, i. i. 404, 428 ;
II. i. 180-184.

rebuilt by Herod, i. i. 434, ii. i. (3) Its jurisdiction, ii. 1. 184-

125 era and date of rebuilding
; 190 ; limited the power of
by Herod, i. i. 405 f. ii. i. 125 ;
;
Roman procurators, li. i. 187-
coins, II. i. 125 ; worship, ii. i. 190.
22. (4) Time and
place of meeting,
Samaria, district of country, taxa- II. i. 190-193
see also Lish- ;

tion district in time of Ptolemais, kath hagasith legendary ;

I. i. 190 f. conquest by John ; account of the transference of

Hyrcanus, i. i. 280 further his-
; ])lace of meeting to the
tory, see Samaria (city) and Chanuth, II. i. 192.
Samaritans. (5) Judicial procedure, ii. i. 193-
Samaritan, vo^ol, Ephraiui, Lydda, 195.
and Kamathaim joined to .Judea Sanhedrin, Talmudic tract, I. i.

in B.C. 145, 190, 191, 245. I. i. 123.

Samaritans, 5-8 literature
ii. i. ; pinjD, ^i*^L' of word, II. i. 32, 169,
about, II. i. 5 f. ; are Jews though 172.
lieterodox, ii. i. 2, 5 ; relation of Sanherib, chronology according to
Pharisaic Judaism to them, ii. i. Demetrius, ii. iii. 202.
8 on the history of the, l. ii.
; Saphin, see Zophini.
87, 172, 173 their synagogue at ; Saphoriui, Sapori, Sapphuri, see
Neapolis, ii. ii. 72 ; Hellenistic Sej)plioris.
 ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 79

Sarali in Book of ToLit, ii. iii. 37. I celebrated down to A.D. 130, ii. i.

Sarah, a female proselyte, II. ii. 351-379.

308. Scriptures, the Holy, their canoni-
306-312;
j

Saramel, i. i. 265. I cal dignity, IL i.

Sardis, Jews residing there, ii. ii.

j
Philo's view of, ii. iii. 366 how ;

258, 263 Jews in, have citizen-

; numbered, ii. i. 308 ; miraculous
ship, II. ii. 273 ; the Roman |
restoration of, by Ezra, ii. iii.
citizenship, ii. ii. 277 ; see also i
109 touching them defiles the
;

Lydia, hands, II. i. 309, ii. 5, 36 ; formu-

Sarepta, purple dyeing at, ii. i. 41. i
lae of quotation in Mishna, ii. i.
Sarcophagus, Jewish, inscriptions 311 f copies in possession of
. ;

on, I. i. 31 f. private individuals, i. i. 207 f. ;

Sattu, family of, ii. i. 252. II. ii. 50 cogues kept in the
;

Saturninus, see Sentius Saturninus, synagogues, II. i. 74 malicious ;

Volusius Saturninus. tearing of, punished by Roman

Saul, relative of Agrippa II., i. ii. courts, I. ii. 75, 172 exegesis of, ;

189. see Haggada, Halachah, Midiash

Saul, see Abba
Saul. exegesis of, by Philo, II. iii. 367 ;

Sauromates, king of the Bosphorus, iburfold sense of, ii. ii. 348 ;

I. ii. 162. reading of, in jiublic worship, ii.

Saxa, see Decidius Saxa. ii. 79-81 reading of, in Greek
;

Scaurus. see Aemilius Scaurus. language, ii. ii. 81, 283 f. read- ;

Sceva or Skeuas, high priest, ii. i. ing of Book of Baruch on 10th

203. Gorpiaios, ii. iii. 193.
Scholars of the learned, ii. i. 323 ff. Scylax, geographer, li. i. 80.
Schools, high, of scribes, ii. i. 323- Scythians in Palestine, ii. i. 110 f.

326 elementary, ii. ii. 47-52.

; Scythopolis = Beth - scan, ii. i.

Scipio, see Metellus Scipio. 110-113;* I. i. 196, 253, 283,

Scodra, l. i. 340. 320, 323 belonging to Decapolis,
;

Scutella, II. i. 45. II. i. 95; era, ii." i. Ill, 112;

Scopus, the so-called, in Jerusalem, worship, II. i. 196 coins, ii. i. ;

I. ii. 213. III, 112 games, ii. i. 25, 27

; ;

Scourging of Roman citizens not linen industry, ii. 1. 42 lin- ;

allowed, ii. ii. 278. guistic affinities (Greek unknown

Scribes, ii. i. 306-379 names, ; among people), ll. ii. 82 Jews ;

titles, respect, 313-317

ii. i. ;
residing in, ii. i. 113; see also
labours of, gratuitous, ii. i. 317- Beth-sean.
319. Sea-fight represented in the amphi-
Chief functions : theatre at Gadara, ii. i. 28, 104.
(rt) The careful development Sebachim, Talmudic tract, l. i. 124.
of the law and its svstenia- Sebasmia in Damascus, ii. i. 27.
tization, ii. i. 320-323, Sebastes, see Samaria.
330-339 I. ii. 275.
; Sebastean troops (an ala and five
(h) Teaching the law, ii. i. vohnrtes SebasteJioriim), i. ii. 51,
323-326. 53 ; II. i. 65.
(c) Giving sentence in court, Sebastini in the Jewish Sibyllines,
II. i. 326, 327; in the great II. iii. 284.
Sanhedrim,
II. i. 178; after 2£/3«(rToV = Augustus.
the destruction of Jeru- Seliastos, harbour for Caesarea, ii. i.
salem, I. ii. 275-277. 85.
(d) As theologians, ii. i. Sebonitis, ii. i. 129.
327, 328, 329-350. Secundus, see Aemilius.
relations with the high priests, ii. Seder 01am rabba, i. i. 164 on the ;

i. 208, 230, 313 f., 321 the most ; war of Varus, i. ii. 5 on the war ;
80 D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

of Quietus, I. ii. 286 on tlie reign ; Herod Antipas, ii. i. 137, 138 ;

of Ben-Cosiba, I. ii. 311, 312. its acropolis, ii. i. 139 ; coins, ii.

Seder 01am sutta, I. ii. 164. i. 137, 140 capital of Galilee, ii.
;

Segan, see Sagan. i. 139 ; allegiance to Romans

Sejanus, enemy of the Jews, i. ii. during war of a.d. 66-70, ii. i.
21, 86 occasions their expulsion
; 139 I. ii. 215, 219
; ; subsequently
from Rome, ii. ii. 236 writing of ; called Diocaesarea, ii. i. 140.
Philo about him, ii. iii. 349-352, Septimius Severus, emperor, forbids
see Index vol. pp. 97-99. conversion to Judaism, ii. ii. 268.
Sola = Petra, see Petra. Septuagint, ii. iii. 159-168 origin ;

Selene, daughter of Cleopatra, wife of, II. iii. 159-162 esteem in ;

of Antiochus VIII. Grypos, ii. i. which it was held, ii. iii. 163 ;

93. history of text, ii. iii. 164-166 ;

Seleucia in Palestine, on the Merom manuscripts, editions, and litera-

lake, I. i. 304. ture, II. iii. 166-168; used by
Seleucia =
Abila, ii. i. 105. Josephus, I. i. 85, 108 used in ;

Seleucia =
Gadara, ii. i. 103. public services, ii. ii. 283-286 ;

Seleucidae, sketch of their history, Epistle of Aristeas about origin of,

I. i. 169-185; genealogy, i. ii. II. 306-312
iii. annual festival ;

399 coins, i. i. 23 f. era of, i.

; ; in Alexandria in honour of the
ii. 393 ; whether Josephus wrote translation, see Festivals.
a history of the, i. i. 95. Seraj)is, worship of, in Caesarea, ii.
Seleucus I., cities founded by, ii. i. i. IV in Ptolemais, ii. i. 18 in
; ;

114; Jews citizenship in

gives Neapolis, i. ii. 267 in Aelia ;

cities founded by him, ii. ii. 271. Capitolina, i. ii. 317 in Greece, ;

Seleucus IV. Philopater, i. i. 172. II. ii. 300 in Rome, ii. ii. 301.
;

Seleucus V., duration of reign, i. i. Seron, Syrian general, i. i. 214.

179. Sertorius Macro, see Naevius.
Seleucus VI., duration of reign, i. i. Severus, see Julius.
181. Seven men constituted a local court
Sella of the judge, i. ii. 15. of justice, II. i. 152 f.
Semachoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 144. Seventy (71, 72) elders, ii. i. 174 f.,
Semaiah, see Shemaiah. 186, 370 or 72 translators of
;

Semis = ^ as, ii. i. 40. Pentateuch, ii. iii. 159, 307 ;

Senaa, family of, ii. i. 252. '

languages and peoples, ii. i. 344 ;

Senate, decrees of Roman, in angels of the Gentile nations, ii.

Josephus, I. i. 90, 109, 267, 277, iii. 64 f. ; palm trees at Elim, ii.

379 II. ii. 258 decrees of, kept

; ; iii. 227.

in Capitol, i. i. 90. Sextus, see Caesar, Cerealis, Pom-

Seneca on the Jews, ii. ii. 306, 307. peius.
Sennabris, village, i. ii. 90. Shablmth, Talmudic tract, l. i. 122.
Sentius, C, Saturninus, in time of Shammai, ii. i. 180, 324, 353,
Augustus, I. i. 350, 459, 461. 359-362 whether ^ Sameas 1 ii.
;

Sentius, Cn., Saturninus, in time of i. 359 Sammai, according to

;

Tiberius, i. i. 359. Jerome = dissipator, l. i. 119 ;

Sepharvaim, district of country, school of, see Hillel.
heathen colonists from it to Shebat, Hebrew month, I. ii. 363.
Samaria, ii. i. 5. Shebiith, Talmudic tract, l. i. 121.
Sephela = lowlands, i. i. 251 f. Shebuoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123.
Sejjher Thorah, Talmudic tract, I. i. Shechem, city, its history poetically
144. described by Theodotus, ii. iii.

Sepphoris, city, ii. i. 136-141 ;* i. i. 224 f. ; conquered by Jolm Hyr-

296, 372 f.,''ii. 4, 18 ; destruction canus, I. i. 279 Alexander ;

of, by Varus, and rebuilding by Junniius defeated near, i. i. 302.

 ;; ;
;

-NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 81

Sheop-sliearing ilues for the priest, Sid on, buildings of Herod at, i. i.

ir. i. 245. 437 60 calendar, ii. i.

; era, il. i. ;

Sliekalini, Talnuidic tract, i. i. 122. 72 glass making, ii. i. 45

; see ;

Shekel, Hebrew or Phoenician, li. also Phoenicia, Eshmunazar,

i. 244, 250 ; coins, i. i. 257, 258
;
Straton.
ii. 379-383 see Uidrachmae Tax.
; Sifra, see Siphra.
Shemah, ii. ii. 77, 84 f. decrees of ; Sifre, see Si])hre.
Mishna, ii. ii. 84 casuistical ; Sikimios, founder of Shechem, ii.
treatment of, ii. ii. 115 repeated ; iii. 225.
before sundown, ii. ii. 115, 213 ;
Sikyon, Jews residing there, ii. ii.

not necessarily recited in Hebrew, 221 see also Peloponnesus.

;

II. i. 10, ii. 284 Palmyrene in- ; Silanus, see Caecilius.

scription with beginning of, edited Silas, tyrant of Lysias, i. i. 319.
by Landauer, i. i. 31. Silas, general of Agrippa I., i. ii.
Sheniaiah, Pharisee, ii. i. 180, 183, 158.
353, 358. Silbonitis, textual error for Seboni-
Shemoneh Esreh, ii. ii. 77, 85-87; tis, II. i. 129.
date of composition, li. ii. 87 f. Silenus on coins of Damascus, ii. i.
prayer against heretics, ii. ii. 19.
88 f.; Messianic Hope, ii. ii. 168 ;
Silo, lieutenant of Ventidius, i. i.

as used on Sabbath, ii. ii. 77 not ; 394.

necessarily in Hebrew, ii. i. 10, Silva, see Flavius Silva.
ii. 284. Simchoth, see Semachoth.
Shemoth rabba, I. i. 148. Simeon haddarshan, i. i. 153.
Shewbread, ii. i. 235 ;
prepared by Simeon Kara, i. i. 153.
the family of Garmu, ii. i. i(J8. Simon. (1) Priests :

Shir hashirim I'abba, i. i. 148. Simon I. the Just, high priest, i.

Shoes, see Sandals. i. 188 ; II. i. 352, 355, iii. 26.
'2,i(iovp'/](7ioi, Jewish communities in Simon IL, high priest, l. i. 188 ;

Rome, II. ii. 248. referred to by Jesus Sirach, ii.

Sibylline Oracles, ii. iii. 271-292 ;
iii. 26.
the Sibyllines as female prophets, Simon the Maccabee, I. i. 209,
number and names, ii. iii. 271 f. 212, 220, 235, 238; appointed
written oracles in Asia Minor and military commander, i. i. 248 ;

Greece, ii. iii. 273 in Rome, ii. ; conquers

Bethzur, i. i. 249 ;

iii. 274 Jewish and Christian,

; garrisoned Joppa and Adida, i.
II. iii. 275 contents and date of
; i. 251 when Jonathan was ;

composition of extant books, ii. taken prisoner people make

iii. 275-288; of 3rd Book, ii. Simonleader, i. i. 254 ; his
iii. 283 of 4th Book, ii. iii. 284
;
;
reign as high priest and prince,
of 5th Book, II. iii. 286 Messi- ; 255-271 ;* era, according to
I. i.
anic Hope in the, ii. ii. 139-14] ; years of Simon's reign, i. i. 257
use of 3rd Book in Alexander coins (?), I. i. 257, 378-383;
Polyhistor, ii. iii. 199, 282, 288 ;
title, I. i. 265 ; hereditary high
use of all the books in Christian priest and ]nince, i. i.265 f .

Church, II. iii. 288 editions and ; embassy to Rome, I. i. 266-268

literature, 290 - 292 in
ii. iii. ; II. ii. 233; death, i. i. 271.
2nd Book a passage from Phocy- Simon, son of Boethus, high
lides, II. iii. 314. priest, II. i. 197 ; i. i. 455.
Sicarii, I. ii. 178, 179, 185, 189, 251. Simon, son of Kamithos, higli
Side, Jews residing there, ii. ii. 221 ;
priest, II. i. 199.
see also Pamphylia. Simon Kantheras, son of Boethus,
Sidetes, cognomen of Antiochus II. i. 199.
VIL, I. i.'l77. Simon e^ eipxupiav, II. i. 203.
 : ; :

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Simon the Sfamniorer, forefatlier Sitifis in Mauritania, Jewish inscrip-

of Josephus, I. i. 81. tions there, II. ii. 232.
(2) Rabbis : Sivan, Hebrew month, i. ii. 363.
. Simon ben Shetach, i. i. 298-300, Slavery repudiated by the Essenes,
310, 311, 384 ; il. i. 180, 353, II. ii. 198 laws relating to, col-
;

356, 357, ii. 49. lected in tract Al)adim, i. i. 144.

Simon, reputed son of Hillel, ii. Smyrna, home of Alexander Balas,
I. 363 I. ii. 158.
; I. i. 240 Jews residing there, ii.
;

Simon, son of Gamaliel I. (Rab- ii.63. Add to this Corpus Inscr. :

ban 1), I. ii. 228 ii. i. 354, 357, ; Graec. n. 9897 ; Martyrium Poly-
365 not president of Sanhe-
; carpi, c. 12-13, 17-18 ; Vita
drim, II. i. 183. Polycarpi audore Pionio, ed. Du-
Simon, son of Gamaliel II. Rab- chesne, 1881 and on these ;

ban, 127 ll. i. 354.

I. i. ; lirvue des etudes juives, xi. 1885,
Simon ben Nathanael, R., ii. i. p. 235 sqq.
367. Soaemus, see Soemus.
Simon ben Asai, R., i. i. 127 ; ii. Socrates dependent on Moses, ii. iii.

i. 377. 240.
Simon ben Nannos, R., i. i. 127 ;
Socii rcrjes, i. i. 448-451, ii. 122-
II. i. 378. 126.
Simon (ben Jochai), R., more than Soemus, an Iturean at the court of
300 times quoted in Mishna, I. Herod, i. i. 429 f., ii. 339.
i. 127 was a hearer of Akiba,
; Soemus, king of the Itureans, i. ii.
I. i. 128 reports about his; 339 tetrarch of Lebanon, i. ii.
;

teacher Akiba, i. ii. 298 194 both possibly the same, i. ii.
;

sayings of, ii. ii. 44, 45. 328, 340.

(3) Others Soemus of Emesa, i. ii. 220, 340.
Simon, leader in rebellion of B.C. Soferim, see Sopherim.
4, I. ii. 4. Solomon :

Simon, an Essene in the time of (1) Description of his temple by

Archelaus, ii. ii. 205. Eupolemus, ii. iii. 204 ; his
Simon, a Pharisee in the time of relations to the king of Tyre
Agrippa I., I. ii. 158. discussed by a certain Theo-
Simon, son of Judas of Galilee, i. ])hilus, I. i. 75 pool of, at ;

ii. 81, 170. Bethlehem, l. ii. 84.

Simon, a magician from Cyprus, (2) Proverbs of, called also '/j Trauot.-
"
I. ii. 177. ptTo; ao(pi'tx., II. iii. 28.
Simon bar Giora, i. ii. 232-247, (3) The Book of Wisdom, ii. iii.

249 f. ; Giora = proselyte, li. ii. 230-237 * its doctrine of Avis-

;

315. dom, II. iii. 232 stoicism, ii. ;

Simon bar - Cochba, see Bar- iii. 233 Messianic Hope, ii. ii.
;

Cochba. 139; regarded by many as work

Simon the cotton dealer arranged of Philo, II. iii. 235 use in ;

the Shemoneh Esreh, ii. ii. the Christian Church, ii. iii.
88. 234.
Simonides Agrippa, son of Jose- (4) Book of Jesus Sirach in Latin
phus, I. i. 82. Church ascribed to Solomon, ii.
Sin-offering, ii. i. 279 gifts thereof ; iii. 28.
to priests, ii. i. 232, 235 ; on (5) Psalms of Solomon, ii. iii. 17-
festivals, ll. i. 297. 23 ;* language, ll. iii. 21 ;
Siphra, i. i. 145-147. relations with the Book of
Siphre, i. i. 145-147 ii. ; i. 374. Baruch, ii. iii. 22 Messianic ;

Siphre suta, i. i. 147. Hope, II. ii. 142.

Sirach. see Jesus Sirach. I (6) Magical formulae, books of
 ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 83

magic and testament, ii. iii. the Pharisees attached to, ii. ii. 5,
151-155. 15 Moses an adherent of, accord-
;

Son of God as predicate of tlie ing to Strabo, ii. ii. 298 some ;

Messiah, ii. ii. 159. Egyptian priests attached to, ii.

Son of man as name of Messiah, ii. iii. 256.
ii. 159, iii. 57, 69. Stola, II. i. 44.
Song of Songs lias its place in the Strabo, his great historical work, i.
Canon, ii. i. 309 f. ; Midiash on, i. 54-56 ; made use of Posidonius,

I. i. 148. I. i. 49 an authority of Josejihus,

;

Sophene, i. ii. 340. I. i. 87 ; his geography, I. i. 112

;
Sopherim, Talimulic tract, i. i. 143. on the date of its composition, see
Sophocles, spurious verses ascribed literature on year of King Juba's
to, II. iii. 298. death, i. ii. 40 ; estimate of Moses
Sophmas, grandson of Hercules, ii. and Judaism, ii. ii. 298.
iii. 210. Straton, a king of Sidon, ii. i. 84.
Sophomias, see Zephaniah. Sti'aton's Tower =
Caesarea, i. i
Sophronius, Greek translator of 196, 306, 404, 428 ; ii. i. 84 ; see
Jerome, as authority in Suidas, also Caesarea.
see Suidas. Suhsellium, ii. i. 45.
Soreg in the temple, i. i. 237. Sul)ura, district of city of Ron;c, ii.
Sosius, C, I. i. 342, 395, 397, 398 ii. 248.
;

gives presents for offerings in the Suetonius, life and works, i. i. 116 ;
temple of Jerusalem, ii. i. 305. on the Jewish edicts of Claudius,
Sostratus, priest at Paphos, i. ii. II. ii. 236; refers Jewish Messianic

^
223. ])rophecies to Vespasian, ii. ii.
Sosus of Ascalon, philosopher, ii. i. 149.
28. Suff"ering Messiah, ii. ii. 184-187.
Sota, Talmudic tract, i. i. 123. Suidas on the imperial census of
Soul, see Psychology. Augustus, I. ii. 116 biographical ;

Sozusa, whether identical with articles made up from Jerome, i.

Apollonia ? ii. i. 83. i. 68, 187; ii. iii. 246, 261,
ii.
S])ain, Jews residing there, ii. ii. 323, 336, 342 further details on
;

242 era of B.C. 38, i. ii. 116 j

; this point in Flach, lihein. Mus.,
Kolias, fish from, ii. i. 43. Bd. 36, 1881, i3p. 624-630 ; copies
Sparta, diplomatic relations between also from John of Antioch, i. ii.
Jews and Spartans, i. i. 250 88, 261.
relations with Herod, see La('e- Sukka, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122.
daemon ; Jews residing in, ii. ii. Sulla, officer of Agrippa II., i. ii.
221 see also Peloponnesus.
; 200.
Speciclaria, ii. i. 45. Sulpicius, P. Quirinius, i. i. 351-
Speculatores as executioners, 354, 356, ii.
i. ii. 80, 138 ii. i. 198 ;
;
62. inscriptions, i. i. 354, 357, ii. 138;
Spinning, ii. i. 45. census under, i. i. 357, ii. 80, 105-
Stadium, see Games. 143 ; census not confined to Judea,
Star, as symbol of the Messiah, i. ii. I. ii. 123 literature on the census,
;

298, 299. I. ii. 105.

Statins, L. ^Murcus, i. i. 336, 338, Sulpicius Severus on the history of
385. the Seleucidae, i. i. 169 on the ;
Stephanus, servant of the emperor, I
burning of the temple, i. ii. 245.
I. ii. 172. Sun, in what sense worshipped by
Stoical philosophy, its influence on Essenes, ii. ii. 203, 213, 217.
the Wisdom of Solomon, ii. iii. Sun-god, see Helius.
233; on the 4th book of Maccabees, Swine flesh, why forbidden to be
II. iii. 245 ; on Philo, ii. iii. 364 : eaten by Jews (Tacitus, Plutarch,
 :;

D. —NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

Juvonal), II. ii. 294, 295 ; coinp. of Artapanus, Cleodemus, and

iii. 269 ;
proliibition vindicated Theodotus, ii. iii. 206, 209, 224 ;

by Philo and Aristeas, ii. iii. 269, of the Sibyllines, li. iii. 276 ft". of ;

270 Jews compelled to eat flesh

; Egyptian Jews in time of Hadrian,
of, I. ii. 94 figure of, on south
; II. ii. 230 ; comp. also tlie two
gate of Aelia, and on a coin of inscriptions on the temple of Pan
10th legion, I. ii. 316. at Apollonopolis Magna (Edfu), i.
Surena, Parthian general, i. i. 332. i. 32, note.

Suron, king of Phoenicia (= Hiram), Synedria, see Law Administration.

II. iii. 204. Syracus, Jewish inscription there,
Susanna and Daniel, ii. iii. 183- II. ii. 242.

188. Syria, coins and inscriptions from,

Susitlia, city, see Hippus. literature on, i. i. 23-34 ; history
Svllaeus, Arabian, i. i. 444, 459, ii. of, in time of Seleucidae, i. i. 169-
185 ; history of, as Roman pro-
'

358, 357.
Symeon, see Simon. vince, I. i. 326-370 ; garrison
Synagogue, the Great (or the Great arrangements (under Augustus,
Congregation), 354. ii. i. three legions, under Tiberius,
Synagogues, ii. ii. 52-89 * purpose ; four, were stationed there), i. ii.

instruction in the law, ii. ii. 54 ; 50 ; Jews in, il. ii. 225 see ; also
antiquity, ii. ii. 54. Antioch.
(1) Constitution of synagogue Syrian religions in Rome, ii. ii.

communities, ii. ii. 65-68 ban ; : 302.

e.\clnsion from congregation, ii. ^vpictg axofof^ii^pnot;, I. i. 75.
ii. 60-62 officers (Archisyna-
;

gogue, dispenser of alms, ser-

vants), II. ii. 62-68 ; officers in
the Dispersion, ii. ii. 243-252.
(2) Buildings and their arrange- Taanith, Talmudic tract, i. i. 122.
ments, II. ii. 68-75, 283 old ; Tabae, city, i. i. 222.
synagogues in Galilee, ii. ii. 70 ;
Tabernacles, feast of, i. i. 300 read- ;

entrance at the south end, ii. ing Deuteronomy at, during

ii. 78 were under civil pro-
; Sabbatical year, i.'ii. 157.
tection, II. ii. 268 ; l. ii. 75. Tabi, slave of Gamaliel, i. ii. 269,
(3) Divine service in, ii. ii. 75-83 ;
271 II. i. 364.
;

see also Scriptures, reading Tabor (Itabyrion), mountain and

order of sitting, ii. ii. 75 ser- ; fortress, i. ii. 215, 225.
vices in the Dispersion, ii. ii. Tabula, ii. i. 45.
283-286 whether service in
; Tacitus, life and works, i. i. Hi"),
the Greek language, ii. ii. 116 ; on the Jews, ii. ii. 293-297,
283 f. iii. 262 ; refers Messianic pro-
(4) Synagogues of Libertines, phecies of Jews to Vespasian, ii.
Cyrenians, Alexandrians, Cili- ii. 149.

cians, Asiatics in Jerusalem, ii. Tallith, 11. ii. 112.

i. 49, ii. 56 480 said to be in; Talmud, Jerusalem, i. i. 133 ; Baby-
Jerusalem, ii. ii. 50, 73 syna- ; lonian, I. i. 134 ; editions and
gogues in Rome, ii. ii. 247, 260, translations of both Talnuuls, i. i.
283 synagogue of Samaritans
; 136-139 ; literature on the, i. i.
at Rome, ii. ii. 241. 139-143; see also Mishna.
Syncellus' notices of* Jewish history Tamid, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125 ;

which are not derived from see also Oft'ering, daily.

Josephus, I. i. 68. See Africanus. Tammus, see Thammuz.
Syncretism of Jews in time of Tamna, see Thamna.
Antiochus Epiplianes, I. 1. 202 ; Tanchuma, Midrash, i. i. 152.
 ;; ;;
;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 85

Ta;inaii«, Tannaites, i. i. 131. B.C. 4, I. ii. 4 elevated about ;

Tanning, II. i. 45. 20 cubits under Agrippa IL, i.

Targums, oral discourses at divine ii. 198; siege and destruction
service, II. ii. 81 ; written, I. i. of, in A.D. 70, I. ii. 243, 244 ;

154-163;* of Onkelos, i. i. 154, whether again built in time of

156 Jonatlian on prophets, i. i.
; Hadrian? i. ii. 289-291, 302 ;

155, 156 ;, Jonathan on Penta- its site said to have been run
teuch and the Jerusalem Targuni, over with the plough, I. ii. 308;
I. i. 158-160; literature on the, a heathen temple built on its
I. i. 160-163 Messianic Hope, ii.
; site by Hadrian, i. ii. 316
ii. 153 doctrine of Memra, II.
; whether there will be a temple
iii. 376. in the Messianic kingdom, ii.
Tarichea, city, i. ii. 194, 199, 215, ii. 174.
217, 224f. ; situation, i. ii. 224 f.; (2) On its topography, I. i. 236 f.,

hippodrome there, il. i. 33 tish ii. 242 ii. i. 265, 280-284 *

; ; ;

trade, II. i. 43. Greek style prevailing (except

Tarphon, R, i. i. 127; ii. i. 376; in the temple proper), ii. i. 35 ;

iilentified with Justin's Trypho, the golden vine, ii. ii. 292 f.
377, ii. 186.
II. i. golden eagle, i. i. 444, 463 ii. ;

Tarsus, see Cilicia. i. 36 golden chains, i. ii. 155

; ;

Tatian on the age of Moses, ii. iii. King Agrippa gives golden
260. chain to hang in temple, i. ii.
Taxes in Palestine, i. ii. 66-71 ;
155 Lishkath hagasith, ii. i.
;

range of taxation district, i. ii. 67 190-194.

farming of, i. ii. 67-70 table of, ; (3) Furniture of temple, ii. i. 260
at Palmyra, i. ii. 67. giits of heathens consecrated to
Tax-gatherers chased with robbers, temple, ii. i. 301.
I. ii. 71. Tenii)le at Leontopolis, ii. ii. 286-
Taxo in the Assumptio Mosis, ii. iii. 288 I. ii. 253.
;

77. Temple, gifts and dues paid to, ii. i.

Teachers, reverence shown to, ii. i. 249-254.

315. Temple, officers and servants in,
Tebeth,Hebrew month, i. ii. 363. II. i. 254-273 ; see also Priests,
Tebul Jora, Talmudic tract, I. i. Levites, Singers, Doorkeepers,
125. Nethinim.
TefiUa, TefilUn, see Tephilla, Te- Temple, visits paid to, by people,
]ihillin. the usual times when, ii. i. 290.
Tell Hum, see Capernaum. Temple, worship in, ii. i. 273-299.
Temples, heathen, in Palestine, ii. Temple, captain of, ii. i. 257-259.
i. 11-23; I. i. 434. Temple music, ii. i. 270 f., 290.
Temple at Jerusalem, literature on Temple police, ii. i. 264-268 gates ;

the Herodian temple, and the shut at night, ll. i. 267 inner ;

ruins of it still remaining, i. i. court not to be entered by Gen-

17-20, 437 f. tiles, even bv Romans, ii. i. 188,
(1) On its history Description in
: 265 I. i. 237, ii. 74 oversight
; ;

Eupolemus of building of Solo- by civil authorities, i. ii. 75

mon's temple, ii. iii. 204 ;
Roman watch at temple during
plundering of, by Antiochus high festivals, i. ii. 55 f., 171.
Epiphanes, I. i. 205 desecrated ; Temple, treasures of, and their
by pagan sacrifices in time of administration, ii. i. 260-264 ;

Antiochus Epiphanes, i. i. 208 oversight of these by civil autho-

reconsecration, i. i. 217 re- ; rities, I. ii. 75.
building by Herod, l. i. 437 ;
Temple, feast of Dedication of the,
burning of some corridors in I. i. 217 letters regarding this
;
 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

feast in Second Book of Macca- are released, i. i. 388 capital of ;

bees, II. iii. 213. a toparchy, il. i. 157 another ;

Teniura, Taliiiudic tract, 124. i. i. place of the same name, i. i. 230 ;

Ten men as least nuinlier to form II. i. 158.

a religious community, ii. ii. 73 ;

Theandrites, Arabian deity, ii. i. 22.
unemployed, in the synagooal Tlieatre, see Games.
communities, li. ii. 67 ; the oix.ci Theatres, remains of ancient at :

vpuroi, 145, 179.

II. i. Caesarea, ii. i. 26 at Uadaia, ;

Ten cities, see Decapolis. Kamatha, Scythopolis, ii. i. 27 ;

Tephilla (see also Shemoneh Esreh). at Gerasa, Philadelphia, ii. i. 28 ;

Tephillin, ii. i. 10, ii. 113, 284 ;

at Jerusalem (probably of time of
Talmudic tract, i. i. 144. Herod), i. i. 432, 433.
Tephon, place so called, i. i. 23G. Theodoric (king) on the Samaritans
Terebinth at Hebron, i. ii. 314. in Rome, ii. ii. 241.
Terentius Varro, i. i. 348. Theodoras, tyrant of Amathus, ii.
Termessus in Pisidia, i. ii. 67. i. 60.
Teron, a soldier, i. i. 461. Theodorus of Gadara, rhetorician,
Tertullian ad nat. i. 13 e:q)lained, II. i. 29, 103.
II. ii. 306. Theodotion, translator of the Bible,
Teruma for the priests, ii. i. 238, II. iii. 168, 172-175.

248. Theodotus, Epic poet, ii. iii. 224,

Terumoth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 121. 225.
Testament, the rabbinical ""pTin, n. Theophilus, son of Ananos, high
i. 32 Philo xs/si oixSyikc^u, il. iii.
; priest, II. i. 199.
337, 357. Theophilus, writer (on Jewish liis-
Apocryphal writings : tory), I. i. 75.
(1) Testament of Moses, ii. Theophilus, Christian apologist,
iii. 81. cites the Sibyllines, il. iii. 289.
(2) Testament of Orpheus, Therapeuten, ii. ii. 218, iii. 358.
II. iii. 299. Theseus, on a tripod at Neaj)olis, i.
(3) Testaments of the Twelve ii. 267.

Patriarchs, ii. iii. 114-124 ;

Thessalonica, " God-fearing " Gen-
contents, ii. iii. 114 dis- ; tiles there, ii. ii. 308.
crimination of sources, ii. Thessaly divided into four te-
iii. 114-120 ; date of com- trarchies, i. ii. 7 ; Jews residing
position, II. iii. 122 use ; there, ll. ii. 222.
in Christian Church, ii. Theudas, i. ii. 168.
iii. 122 MSS. editions
; Theuprosopon (0£oy vpoauTj-ov), city,
and literature, il. iii. 123, I. 330.
ii.

124. Thimna, see Thamna.

(4) Testament of Solomon, Thracians in the army of Herod, I.
II. iii. 153. ii. 447 ala I. Thrdcum, cohors I.
;

Tetrarch, title, i. ii. 7, 8. et IL Thracum in Palestine, i. ii.

Teucer Cyzicenus on the Jews, i. i. 56.

73. Tliyatira, sanctuary of Sambethe
Text of Old Testament, see Massora. there, 69 see also Lydia.
ii. ii. ;

Tliallus, a Samaritan, freedman of Tiberianus, governor of Palestine, i.

Tiberius, ii. ii. 241. ii.261.
Thammuz, Hebrew month, i. ii. Tiberias, city, n. i- 143-147 ;* i. ii.
363. 19, 20, 101, 194, 199 f ; era, II. i.
Thamna, district of country, situa- 144 coins, ii. i. 144, 146 con-
; ;

tion, II. i. 158, 159; inhabitants stitution, II. i. 145 capital of ;

sold by Cassius as slaves, i. i. Galilee, ii. i. 146, 156 attitude ;

386 ; by order of Antony they and fortunes during war of a.d.

 ; ;

D. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 87

G6-70, I. ii. 215 f., 218, 224 ii. ; the poor, II. i. 241 ; administra-
i. 14G f. ; see also Justus of Ti- tion of, centralized in Jerusalem,
berias ; seat of Rabbinical scliool, II. i. 248 high priests appropriate
;

II. i. 147 ; buildings, i. ii. 20 the, 181, 189.

I. ii.

palace with animal figures, i. ii. Titius, M., I. i. 350.

20 ; II. i. 36 stadium, i. ii. 20, ; Tittius, Frugi, commander of 15th
34 ; no heathen temple till A.D. legion in army of Titus, i. ii. 236.
70, 21
II. i. Hadrian's temple, i.
; Titus, son of Vespasian, literature
ii. 296; baths at, ii. i. 143. about, I. ii. 234, 245 ; his part in

Tiberius, Emperor, period of reign, the Jewish war, i. ii. 201, 219-
I. i. 358 stay at Capri, i. ii. 152
; ; 227, 2,35-250 council of war be- ;

principles of his administration fore destruction of temjjle, i. ii.

of the provinces, i. ii. 82 and ; 243 title of Imperator, i. ii. 244
; ;

Livia as lifixarol, i. ii. 338 for- ; triumphal arch at Rome, i. ii.

bids Oriental religions in Rome, 249 medals celebrating victory
;

II. ii. 302 edict against the Jews,

; over Jews, l. ii. 249 comp. 225 ; ;

II. ii. 235 milder toward Jews

; on coins of Agrippa, called li^xo-
after death of Sejanus, i. ii. 21, t6; during his father's lifetime, i.
86 ;II. ii. 236 his freedman, ; ii. 205 relations with Berenice,
;

Thallus the Samaritan, ii. ii. 241. I. ii. 203, 204.

Tiberius, Palestinian coins of, i. ii. Tizri, Hebrew month, i. ii. 363.

78 ; Palestine his private estate, Tol)ia ben Elieser, i. i. 151.

II. i. 63. Tobit, Book of, ii. iii. 37-44 date ;

Tiberius, grandson of emperor, i. ii. of couiposition, ll. iii. 39 language ;

93, 152. in which written, ll. iii. 40 ; use

Tiberius, Julius Alexander, in time
of Trajan, i. ii. 170.
Tiberius, Julius Alexander, in time
of Claudius, Nero, and Vespasian,
I. ii. 169, 170, 236 ii. ii. 281 ;
see also Alexander.
Tiberius, Julius Alexander, in time
by the Jews, ii. iii. 41 ; Messianic
Hope, II. ii. 139.
Tohoroth, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125.
Toleration of Romans toward Juda-
; ism, I. ii. 75 ff. ; ii. ii. 257 ff.,
271 fl'.
Toparchies, eleven, in Judea, ii. i.

of Antoninus Pius, i. ii. 170 ; ii. 157-161.

ii. 229. Tosaphoth, i. i. 131, note.
Tibne, see Thamna. Tosefta, i. i. 130-133; literature
Tigranes, king of Armenia, i. i. 182, about, I. i. 130 f.
183, 311, 317. Tower of Babel in Sibyllines and
Timagenes, historian, i. i. 50, 51. Alexander Polvhistor, ii. iii. 199,
Time, reckoning of, see Era, Calen- 282, 288.
dar, Chronology. Trachon, Trachonitis, district of
Times, history of N. T., i. i. 1. country, i. i. 409, 453, 459, ii.
Timochares, writer, i. i. 75. 10 f., 12 ; mixed pojiulation of,
Timotheus, leader of the Ammonites, II. i. 2,4 heathen religions in,
;

I. i. 190, 220. II. i. 21-23 Greek inscriptions,

;

Tineius, Rufus, governor of Judea, I. i. 29-31.

I. 262 f., 302-305; Jewish
ii. Tracts, the smaller Talmudic, i. i.
legends about him, I. ii. 305, 308. 143, 144.
Tirathana, district of country at Trade in Palestine, ii. i. 37-46 ; of
Gerizim, i. ii. 87. Gaza with Athens, i. 68 of ii. ;

Tiridates, king of the Parthians, i. Ake with Athens,

i. 90 ; i. i. ii.
ii. 34. 196 of Palestine with Gaul, ii.
;

Tishri, see Tizri. i. 109 see also Ascalon, Athens,-

;

Tithes, II. i. 233, 239 ; second, ii. i. Delos, Gaza, Ptolemais, Puteoli
234, 240 of cattle, ; .t. i. 240 ; for Indian, with the West, ii. ii. 216.
88 -NAMES AND SU15JECTS.

Trades, Jewish scribes learning, ii. Twelve tribes of Israel regarded by

i. 215. Aristeas as existing, ii. iii. 307.
Trade winds, i. ii. 95. Twelve wells of water at Elim, ii.
Tradition, Rabbinical, and Pharisaic, iii. 227.
see Halacha, Haggada, Pharisees, Tyche, worship in Gaza, ii. i. of,
Scribes of the Halacha bind-
; 12 in Ptolemais, ii. 1. 18
; in ;

ing, II. i. 333 f., ii. 11 of the ; Damascus, ii. i. 19 in the ;

Haggada not binding, ii. i. 348, Hauran, ll. i. 23 rvxri Tepoe-ouv, ;

ii. 12.9 ; traditiones = Osvripuan;, II. i. 20 Tvx^ (i'l'hix.h'ACpiuv, II. i.

;

I. i. 119. 20 rvxn Aauriuu, II. i. 78

;
'
;

Trajan, Emperor, war against Jews, rvxn = Gad, II. i. 23.

. I. ii. 282-287 day of, in Jewish
; Tyrants in Palestinian cities at end
legends, i. ii. 286 makes Arabia ; of Seleucidean rule, ii. i. 60.
a Jewish province, i. ii. 361 ;
Tyrannus Rufus, see Tineius.
rescript to Tiberianus in favour Tvre, ladder of, mountain south of
of Christians, i. ii. 261 search for ; ^Tyre, i. i. 248.
descendants of David, i. ii. 279. Tyre, ruled over Ascalon during
Translations of the Holy Scriptures Persian supremacy, ii. i. 59 era ;

used in public worship, ji. ii. 81 ;

of, B.C. 275, II. 'i. 59 era of, ;

written, of the Bible, see Sejitua- B.C. 126, II. i. 60 Marion, tyrant ;

gint, Targums. of, I. i. 385 cohors I. Tyriorum,

;

Treasurers and administration of II. i. 65 calendar of, ii. i. 72 ;

;

funds in temple, ii. i. 261-264. festive games, ii. i. 23, 24; coinage
Treasury of the temple, ll. i. 260. of, II. i. 40, 244, 250 architectural ;

Trespass -offering, ii. i. 279; gifts style, II. i. 36 furniture, house-

;

therefrom for the priests, ii. i. hold (ladder), ii. i. 45; linen manu-
232, 235. factures, II. i. 41 merchants of, ;

Tribes, the twelve, regarded as still in Delos and Puteoli, ii. ii. 253 ;

existing in Epistle of Aristeas, buildings of Herod there, I. i.

II. iii. 307 ; the ten did not re- 437 enmitv of natives of, to the
;

. turn, II. ii. ; 223 dwelling-place Jews, II. ii. 275.

of the ten, ii. ii. 225 ; whether
they will yet return, il. ii. 169,
170 ; of Levi and Judah have the
rule the latter subject to the
:

former according to Testam. XII. Uaphres, king of Egypt, li. iii. 20 f,

Patr., 11. iii. 118 f. Uasaiathu, Arabian deity, ii. i. 22.
Tripolis, 226, 437.
i. i. Ukgin, Talmudic tract, i. i. 125.
n'riumphal arch of Titus, i. ii. 249. Ulatha, district of country, i. i. 453,
Trogus, Pompeius, see Justin. ii. 333.
Trombones blown in temple on New Ummidius, C. Quadratus, governor
Year's day, ii. ii. 75. of Syria, i. i. 367, ii. 48, 173.
Troops, see Military Service.
Trumpets blown in temple at feasts,
etc., II. i. 272, 290, 296, ii. 75.
Trypho, see Diodotus.
Trypho in Justin identified with R. Vajechi rabba, l. i. 148.
Tarphon, ii. i. 377, ii. 186 say- ; Vajjikra rabba, i. i. 148, 150.
ings about the Suffering Messiah, Valerius, L., praetor, i. i. 267.
II. ii. 185. Valerius Gratus, procurator, I. ii.
Turannus, Rufus, see Tineius. 81 appoints and deposes high
;

Turbo, see Marcius Turbo. priests, ii. i. 198.

Twelve patriarchs, Testaments of Valerius Maximus on the Jews, ii.
the, see Testaments. ii. 233.
 1). NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 89

Varro, governor of Syria, i. i. 348. visits to Jerusalem, i. ii. 88, 89 ;

Varro on the Sibyllines, ii. iii. 273;
the era of, A.U.c. 1, i. ii. 393 fF.
Varus, see Quinctilius Varus.
Varus or Noarus, son of Soeraus,
ruler in Lebanon, i. ii. 193, 200,
abolishes the market toll in Jeru-
salem, I. ii. 68 ; appoints high
priests, ll. i. 199 ; orders the
surrender of the high priests'
robes, i. ii. 76, 89 restrains troops
;

340. (He is called Varus Jose- : with imperial figures marching

phus, Wars of the Jews, ii. 12. 8 ;
througb Judea, I. ii. 77 f., 89^;
ii/e xi., xxxvi.; Noarus: Wars of sacrifices in Jerusalem, i. ii. 75 ;
the Jews, ii. 18. 6. On the latter II. i. 302.
name see Corpus. Inscr. Grace. Vitellius, Emperor, I. i. 370, ii. 233,
n. 4595, 8652 Ren an. Mission de
; 376.
FMnicie, pp. 146, 199.) Volumnius, i. i. 350.
Vectigalia arabarthiae in Egypt Volumni Synagoga in Eome, ii. ii.

farmed out to Jews, II. ii. 280. 247.

Vejento, I. i. 334. Volusius, L. Saturninus, governor of
Velum, II. i. 45. Syria, i. i. 357.
Venosa (Venusia), Jewish sepulchres
and inscriptions there, i. i. 33 ;

242, 249, 251, 269.

II. ii.

Ventidius, P., i. i. 341.

Ventidius Cumanus, procurator, I. Watch stations in the temple, ii. i.

ii. 75, 171-174. 265-267.
Venus, see Aphrodite. Wajjikra, see Vajjikia.
-Vespasian, Emperor, I. 1. 79, 90, ii. Wasajathu, see Uasaiathn.
200, 218-227, 230-234 coins of,
; Washings, Levitical, what water
in memory of victory over Jews, used in, ll. ii. 106-111; of
I. ii. 250, also 226 ; his memoirs, officiating priests, ii. i. 278, 292,
I. i. 63 ; searches for descendants iii. 116 ;of the Essenes, 199,
ii. ii.

of David, i. ii. 279 ; Josephus 211 ; of proselytes, ii. ii. 319-

applies Messianic prophecies to 324.
him, II. ii. 149. Water, what, used in Levitical
Vesuvius, outburst of, referred to by washing, ii. i. 292, 298.
Sibyllines, ii. iii. 285. Weapons, carrying of, forbidden on
A^ettulenus Cerialis, see Cerealis. Sabbath, ii. ii. 105, 264.
A^etus, see Antistius Vetus. AVeaver's loom, ii. i. 45.
Vibius, C. Marsus, governor of Syria, Week, public worshi]) on second and
I. i. 366, ii. 159, 342. fifth days of, li. ii. 83 on same ;

Victims, sacrificial, what pieces days couit of justice .sat, ii. i. 190;
given to the prieets, i. ii. 272 ; ii. on same days a fast was observed,
i. 244 f. II. ii. 118.
Vicus Judaeorum, it. ii. 287. Weeks, feast of, II. ii. 37.
Vine, golden, in temple, ii. ii. 292 ;
Will, freedom of the, see Providence.
golden, presented by Aristobulus Wine, a chief product of Palestine,
II. to Ponipey, l. i. 318 synagogue
; especially for Ascalon and Gaza,
of the, at Sepphoris, ii. ii. 74. II. i. 41 ;
gifts thereof to tlie
Vineyard at Jamnia as gathering priests,ii. i. 238; use of, for-
place of Jewish scholars, ii. i. bidden to officiating priests, ii. i.
326. 278 alleged prohibition of use
;

Vienne in Gaul, i. ii. 42. of,by Essenes, ii. ii. 201 heathen, ;

Vitellius, L., governor of Syria, I. i. forbidden to Jews, ll. i. 53; Philo'a

364 f., ii. 33-35, 48, 87, 90 (also writing on the cultivation of vine
commented on in Philo, Legat. ad and drunkenness, ii. iii. 335.
Caium, § 32) ; time of his two Wisdom, personification of, ii. iii-
90 -NAMES AND SUBJECTS.

232 Look ; of, ll. iii. 2P/J tf. ; see Zadok = Sadduk, II. ii. 31.
Solomon. Zadok, a fandly of piiests, II. i. 223,
"Wool, gifts of, to priests, ll. i. 245 ; 225, ii. 33 see also Sadducees.
;

not mixed with linen except in Zadok, pupil of Antigonas of Socho,

dress of higli priest, ii. i. 277 ;
II. ii. 32.
manufactures in Judea, II. 1. 42 ; Zadok, R., see Zadduk.
in Laodicea in Phrygia, ii. i. 45. Zamaris, Babylonian Jew, i. ii. 13 ;

World, present and future, ii. ii. his grandson Philip, i. ii. 211.
177 f. present, to last 6000 years,
;
Zealot, the author of the Assumptio
II. ii. 163 another calculation in
; Mosis a, II. iii. 80.
Book of Enoch,
ii. iii. 58; destruc- Zealots, the x^arty of, i. ii. 80 f.,*
tion of, by fire, according to 177, 229.
Sihyllines, Hystaspes, and Justin, Zebaoth as name of God, li. ii. 234.
II. iii. 285, 294 ; according to Zeno, the philosopher, borrowing
pseudo-Sophock's, ii. iii. 301 ;
from Moses, il. iii. 367.
map of, by Agrippa, I. ii. 117. Zeno Kotvlas,tyrantof Philadelphia,
Worship in temple of Jerusalem, see II. i. 120.
Priests in synagogues, see Syna-
; Zenodorus, tetrarch, i. i. 409, 453,
gogues of emperor, i. ii. 77, 83
; ;
ii. 329, 332 f. inscription and ;

of heathen gods in Palestine, ii. i. coins, I. ii. 333.

11-23 of Oriental deities in the
;
Zephaniah, Apocalypse of, ii. iii. 132.
West, II. ii. 302. Zeugma, i. ii. 249.
Writing, knowledge of art of, ii. ii. Zeus worship in Aelia Capitolina,
47 on Sabbath forbidden, il. ii.
;
I. ii. 317 in Ascalon, ii. i. 14
; ;

98. in Caesarea Stiatonis, ii. i. 17 ;

in Caesarea Philippi, ii. i. 21 in ;

Damascus, ii. i. 19 in Dora, ii. i. ;

17 in
; Gadara, ii. i. 20 in ;

Neapolis, i. ii. 267 in Ptolemais, ;

Xanthicus, see Months, i. ii. 303. II. i. 18 in the Hauran, ii. i. 22;
;

Xystos in Jerusalem, li. i. 19. in Jerusalem in the time of

Antiochus Epiphanes, I. i. 208.
Zia, village, li. i. 121.
Zion =
the temple mount, l. i.
207 Ligullath Zion, Cluruth Zion
;

Zabadeans, an Arabian tribe, l. i. on coins, i. ii. 385.

251. Zizith, II. ii. lllf.; Talmudic tract,

Zabdiel, an Arabian, i. ii. 351. I. i. 144.

Zabelus Zabdiel. = Zoilup, tyrant of Straton's Towit

Zabelus, name of supposed Arabian and Dora, II. i. 84f., 89.
king, see Eabel. Zonaras did not use Josephus, but
Zabinas, see Alexander. the Epitome, i. i. 104.
Zacharias, son of Baruch, i. ii. 229 f. Zopliim, a place near Jerusalem, L
Zaddan, Queen, ii. ii. 311. ii. 213.
Zadduk, R., I. i. 126 ; ii. ii. 367. Zythos, Egyptian, ll. i. 42.
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
TO DIVISION II.

VOLUME I.

PAGE
1. We cannot •with strict accuracy speak of a "conversion of the
Itureans " Ly Aristobulus I. It was only a portion of the kingdom
of Iturea that was conquered by Aristobulus, and the inhabitants
of that conquered district he converted by the use of force. It is
therefore extremely probable that by this we must understand
that region which is practically coextensive with Galilee, or at
least its northern portions. See Division I. vol. i. p. 293.
3. In Galilee, "even during the Persian age," Judaism, properly so
called, had not by any means obtained complete ascendency. The
population of that district was, even in the beginning of the
Maccabean age, predominantlj'' non-Jewish (see Division I. vol. i.
p. 192 f.). It is correct to say only, that the resident Jews
scattered up and down through the district belonged to tlie
Jewish, not to the Samaritan party, and as worshippers main-
tained their connection with Jerusalem.
4, line 13 from the top, cancel the words, "and coinage." Tlie
reference is only to differences of weights between Judea and
Galilee {Terumoth x. 8 Cured fish of 10 sus weight in Judea were
:

reckoned 5 sela in Galilee Kethuboth v. 9 and Chullin xi. 2 AVool

; :

of 5 sela in Judea = 10 sela in Galilee).

14. The name Atargatis had certainly, down to 1879, in addition to its
appearing on the inscription of Astypalia, occurred "only three
times besides in Greek inscriptions." A rich addition, however,
has since been made to this material by the French excavations at
Delos. See Hauvette - Besnault, Fouilles de Delos : Aphrodite
syrienne, Adad et Atargatis (Bulletin de correspondance heWnique,
t. vi.1882, pp. 470-503 ; the Atargatis inscriptions, pp. 495-500,
n. 12-21). In these Atargatis is generally joined with Adad
( AImtui xai '
ArccpyctTzi). Once (p. 497, n. 15) we meet with '
Ayuyi
'AppoZhij'ATxpyex.ri Kxi ' Aoixoov [r. 'Aoxoc.]]. — To the literatuie on
 ;

92 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO DIVISION II.

I'AGE
Atargatis add : Mordtmann, Ze.itschrift der DMG. xxxix. 1885,
p. 42 f. (specially ou the various forms of tlie Greek name)
Pietschmann, Gsschichte der Phoenicier (1889), p. 148 f.
52. The offensive military standards wliich Pilate carried into Jerusalem
were not the eagles of the legions. This, indeed, was impossible,
because Pilate had no legionary troops (see Division I. vol. ii.
pp. 49, 50). Figures of the emperor, however, were carried, not
only by the legions, but also by the auxiliary troops. For furtlier
details, see Division I. vol. ii. p. 78. In the case also of the army
of Vitellius we must think of figures of the emperor and not of the
legionary eagles.
83. The identity of Apollonia and Arsuf is demonstrated, not only from
the table of distances in the Peutinger table, but also by the very
names themselves, which corresponds
for V\\y\ is that Semitic deity
to Apollo. On a bilingual inscription at Idalion in Cyprus {Corp.
Inscr. Semit. n. 89) the Semitic text reads y^^ flK^iS ^'^^ Greek text
reads, ra h'Tco'huvt ra A/^vx.7^oi. On two inscriptions at Tamassos
in Cyprus (published by Euting, Sitzungsberichte der Berliner
Akademie, 1887, pp. 115-123), f\ty~\^ on the one hand answers to
KiziiKuvi or K'770'huvt on the other. —
The identity of tlie names
Apollonia and Arsuf was first maintained by Clermont-Ganneau
{Revue arcliMogique, nouv. serie, t. xxxii. 1876, pp. 374, 375 [in

tlie treatise on Horus et Saint Georges, which also appeared separ-

ately in 1877]; Comptes rendus de VAcademie des inscripit. et helles-

lettres de Vanwie, 1881 [iv. serie, t. ix.], p. 186 sq.). Compare also,

N6ldeke, Zeitschrift der DMG. 1888, p. 473.

98. The Hippus can now be regarded as fixed with certainty,
situation of
since Schumacher has discovered a ruin Susije " between kalat-el-
husn and fik on a plain lying upon a slight elevation between the
two" {Zeitschrift des deutschen Paldstina - Vereins, Bd. ix. 1886,
pp. 324 f., 349 f.; see also, Schumacher's Map of Djaulan in this
same journal). Susije is the Arabic form of the Hebrew, Susitha,
corresponding to the Greek, IVTrof. For the identity of Susije and
Hippus we may cite, e.g., Clermont-Ganneau, Revue critique, 1886,
Nr. 46, p. 388 ; Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statements,
1887, pp. 36-38; Kasteren, Zeitschrift des DPV. xi. 1888,
pp. 235-238.
118, note 126a. The inscription copied by Merrill is once more published
by Allen in American Journal of Philology, vol. vi. 1885, pp. 191,
192, with the observation, that instead of [r]:7)[«](r[>5;] we should
read £[t]s>[«]j.

143, note 385. The ancient Livias or PK'th-Ramtha is identical with the
modern Tell er-Rame, south of Tell Nimrin. In the neighbour-
hood hot springs have been found. See Zeitschrift des DPV. ii.
1879, pp. 2, 3 ; vii. 1884, p. 201 If.
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO DIVISION II. 93

VOLUME II.
PAGE
64 and 69. On tlie interesting inscriptions of Hamniam el-Enf (or,
according to the common pronunciation, Hammam-Lif) compare
the more exact descriptions by Eenan, Revue arche'ologiquc,
troisieme serie, t. i. 1883, pp. 157-163, t. iii. 1884, pp. 273-275,
]»1. vii.-xi. (we liave here the best illustrations), and Kaufmann,
Ji'erue dcs etudes juives,
t. 188G, pp. 46-61
xiii. for a statement of
;

oi)inion see also Reinach, Bevue des e'titdes jtdves, xiii., pp. 217-223.
— The first communications which I followed have now been
proved inexact in several particulars, especially in the statement,
that the Christian monogram is found upon one of the inscriptions.
This alleged monogram, which stands in the text of the inscrip-
tion, is a P with a cross line as a mark of abbreviation. Since
thus every vestige of evidence for its Christian origin breaks down,
and since, on the other hand, on that inscription there is a repre-
sentation of the seven-branched candlestick, it is certain that the
inscriptions should be regarded as Jewish. So also Renan, Kauf-
mann, and Reinach. They are found upon the Mosaic flooring of
a building, therefore of a synagogue. It is certainly remarkable
that on these mosaics are figured also, beasts, fishes, peacocks, etc.
But such figures are also found in the Jewish catacombs of the Vigna
Randanini at Rome (to which Kaufmann has rightly called atten-
tion). —
Seeing that on pp. 64 and 69 I have expressed myself as if
there were but one inscription in question, it may be here stated that
there are indeed three inscriptions. The one communicated on p. 64
is found on the floor of the portico, the one communicated on p. 69

on the floor of the inner room. Instead of Julia Giiar we should there
—
read Juliana p. The mosaics are no longer in the locality and in
their place (destroyed or stolen?). See Bevue dcs iftudes juives, xiii. 217.
70. The washing of hands before prayer was obligatory. Compare
Mainionides, Hilchoth Tephilla, iv. 1-5 "There are five indispens-
:

able requirements for prayer that must be observed even while it

is being offered. The cleanness of the hands, the covering of
nakedness, the cleanness of the place where the jjrayer is uttered,
the putting away of matters that dissipate the mind, and the
fervour of the heart. (2) In reference to the cleanness of the
hands the following prescriptions are to be observed. The hands
are to be sprinkled with water as far up as the wrist, and then the
worshipper proceeds immediately with his prayer. But if any one
should be on a journey when the time of prayer arrives, and there
is no water at hand, yet if it be so that between him and water

there is only a distance of four miles or 8000 ells, he is bound to

go to the water, and there wash his hands and then repeat his
prayer. But if the distance be greater, then he is obliged only to
94 ADDITIONS AND COKRECTIONS TO DIVISION II.

wijie liis hands with shavings or sand or on a board, and thereafter

he may proceed to pray. (3) The above obligation, however, only
comes into force if the water is found in the direction in whicli
the traveller is going if it is behind him, he is obliged to turn back
:

only if it is not more than a mile distant. If the distance is

greater than a mile, then he merely wipes his hands clean and may
proceed with his prayer. (4) The obligation merely to wasli the
liands has reference only to those prayers that are said at other
times than in the morning. At morning prayer, on the other
hand, the worshipper is required to wash face, hands, and feet
before he can pray. But if at the time of morning prayer one be
far from water, then he merely wipes his hands and thereafter
proceeds to pray. (5) All who have been pronounced unclean, as
well as those who are clean, have simply to wash their hands, and
can then engage in praj^er, for the complete submersion even if it
could be thoroughly carried out, in order to remove ceremonial
defilement, is not necessary in order to prayer." J. F. Schroder, —
Satzungen und Gebrauche des talmudisch-rabhinischcn Judenthwns
(1851), p. 25 " Before going to the synagogue, even if they were
:

sure that they had not touched anything unclean, the worshippers
were required always to wash their hands." Compare generally —
also Orac. Sibyll. iii. 591-593 (ed. Friedlieb). The statements —
made by Schneckenburger, Ueher das Alter dcrjiidischen Proselyten-
Tanfe (1828), p. 38, require sifting.
1G5. On Armilus, D1^''0"li5, see Nbldeke, Zeitschrift der deutschen mnrgcn-
land. Gesellsch. Bd. xxxix. 1885, p. 343 (in the criticism of Momm-
sen's Rdmische Geschichtc) : "It is simply 'Fuf/,uMg, which appears
in the Syriac as DIN^QIN (Lagarde, Analed. 203. 3) Eomulus is ;

here the representative of Rome." A

similar view had been
expressed before by Vitringa, Observntiones mcrae, vi. 21, p. 489 ;

Zunz, Die gottesdienstlichen Vortrage der Juden, p. 282 ; Castelli,

II Messia, p. 244 sqq. Weber, Die aUsynagogale paliistinische
;

TJieologie, p. 349. Dalinan, Der leidende und der sierbende Messias

der Syiutgoge (1888), p. 13 f., expresses himself in a hesitating and
vacillating manner. —The original text of the Armilus legend is
given by Jellinek, Bet hco-Midrash (i. 35-57 : Midrash Vajoscha.
ii. 64-57 Das Buck Serubabel. ii. 58-63 Die Zeichen des Messias.
; ;

iii. G5-68 Apocalyj^se des Elias. iii. 78-82

; Mysterien des Simon ;

lien Jocliai).

V'u. On the Messiah, son of Joseph, compare the thorough and method-
ically conducted investigations of Dalnian, Der leidende und der
sierbende Messias der Si/nagoge, p. 16 ff. The result of these investi-
gations issummed up approvingly by Hieghied (Theol. Literatur-
zeitung, 1888, p. 397 f.) as follows The suffering Messias ben
:

David and the dying Messias ben Josejih are to be regarded as

 ADDITIONS AND COERECTIONS TO DIVISION II. 95

PAGE
quite distinct. The latter is not a Messiah of the ten tribes, Lut is

au idea resulting from Zech. xii.-xiv. in combination with Deut.

xxxiii. 17. His death is therefore iiot at all regarded as an atone-
ment. The suffering Son of David rests npon the Messianic
interpretation of Isa. liii.

177. The expression obiyn t'^nn, Avhich Buxtorf, Lexicon Chaldaic. col.
711 sq., and which
quotes, I, led astray by Fritzsche, De Wette,
and Meyer, had described as equivalent to the Testament Xew
rctKiyyivzolct, Matt. xix. 28, means not " The Restoration of the
AVorld," but is rather equivalent to creatio ex nihilo. Buxtorf
refers,without any further explanation, to Rambam (Maimonides),
More Nehuchim, without indicating the particular passage, and to
the Sepher Ikkarim of Joseph Albo, Abschn. i. cap. 23. But there, in
fact, the subject is creation out of nothing. Buxtorf's opinion,
therefore, is correct. His translation, innovatio mundi, however,
contributed to lead me, as well as others, into the error referred to.
— This mistake, it may be observed by the way, is the most serious

of all that the unfavourable critic of the Revue des e'tudes juives, xiii.
309-318, could ferret out the 884 pp. of my book. Ther^!
among
are some others of less consequence. In regard to the majority of
his " corrections," the error lies on the side of my excellent critic,
who has found much in my book which does not indeed please
him, but is nevertheless true.
226. The inscription at Anapa is not Jewish. See the observations by
Latyschev, Inscriptiones antiquae orae septentrionalis Ponti Euxini
Graecae et Latinae, vol. i. Petersburg 1885, ad n. 98.

273. The statement that the rights of citizenship had been given to the
Jews in Ephesus by Antiochus II. Theos (b.c. 261-246) is indeed
probably correct, but is not supported by direct evidence. The
passage referred to by me and others in support of this opinion
in Josephus, Antiq. xii. 3. 2, runs as follows tuw yoip 'luvuv
:

mv^nSiuruv It' uvtov;, x»i oio/xsi/tdv Toi> ' AypiTTTrx hec r^g TroT^iTSix;
i]v eci/Tols «S<yx£i/ ''
hinittyfi; 6 1iKivx.w vluvo;, 6 Txpsi roi; "'E'KKndi
Qio: Xiyofisvo;, //.ovof furix'i"}!!' x-.t-X. "When the people of Ionia
were very angry at the Jews, and besought Agrippa that they,
and they only, might have those privileges of citizens which
Antiochus, the grandson of Seleucus, who by the Greeks was
called Theos, had bestowed upon them," etc. There is no word
here of any grant of citizenship to the Jews, for uhroii; refers, not
to the Jews, but to the lonians. Antiochus Theos bestowed upon
the inhabitants of the cities on the Ionian coast the citizen rights
which they possessed from that time onward, namely,
{-TvohiTiiu)

autonomy and a democratic constitution, whereas at the end of

the Persian age they had been governed by oligarchs. Un-
doubtedly the oligarchical governments in those jmrts had been
 ;

96 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO DIVISION II,

alrcaJy overtlirown l)y Alexander the Great (Arrian, i. 18. 2 : kxI

rd; fiiu (ihiyccf/idi T«>T«pcoD KxrocXintu iKiMvat, lyi,u,OKpXTi(ns Ss
iyx.ix.6i3ree.vctt >cctl roi/g vo^ov; mi/; u(piiv iKoturoig d.Tiro'hovva.t x,xi Toi/i
cpopovg oLvihut oaavg rojg /ixpficipot; dviifipov. On Epliesus in par-
ticular, see Arrian, i. 17. 10. Comp. Gilbert, Handbuch der griech.
Staatsaltcrthnmer, ii. 135
In the confusions, however, of the
ff.).

age of the Diadochoi, the state of matters underwent various changes

from time to time, and the definite restoration of the autonomy
and democracy in the communities of those parts was essentially
the work of Antiochus Theos. Apart from the general testimony
of Josephus in regard to these matters, we have also the following
particular details. The Milesians gave to Antiochus II. the name
of Theos, because he freed them from the tyrant Timarchus
(Appian, Syr. 65). In a rescript of Antiochus II. to the Gouncil
and people of Erythraea it is said horf jx/ re ' A'Ki^a.vlpov Koci :

Avriyovov oe,ir6voiA.og Vjv xecl a.(^oo(iKoynroi; i) -T^ohig i/f4.uv [and SO

presumably thej' had been no longer so under Seleucus I. and
Antiochus I.] r'hv rs ui/ropofiiotu
. . vfMv ovvoioirYiptiaoj^iv x.ccl
.

o.cpnpo'hoyYirovg ihoci avyy^atpw^iv (Dittenberger, Sylloge Tnscript.

Graec. n. 166, after Curtius, MonatsbericJde der Berliner Akademie,
1875, p. 554 ff. ; the rescript is not, as Curtius had assumed, by
Antiochus I., but by Antiochus II.; see Dittenberger, Hermes, xvi.
1881, p. 197 f.). On an inscription at Smyrna it is said in refer-
ence to Seleucus II., the son and successor of Antiochus II., that
he confirmed the autonomy and democracy of the city, t^ijicauaiv
TM oiij/nu rYiu ccxjrov'^y.'KK.'j K»i o/ifiOKoxrictu. Since the matter spoken
of immediately before was the special marks of favour shown to
the city by Antiochus II., it is evident that he was regarded as
the great benefactor of the city. Seleucus II. only confirmed
the privileges that had been bestowed by him {Corpus Inscript.
Graec. n. 3137, line 10 sq. = Dittenberger, Sylloge, n. 171 = Hicks,
Manual of Greek Historical Inscriptions, 1882, n. 176). Compare
generally Droysen, Geschichte des Hellenismns, 2 Aufl. iii. 1. 330 f.
:

Hicks, Manual
of Greek Historical Inscriptions, p. 298 Foucart, ;

bulletin de correspondance hellenique, t. ix. 1885, p. 392 sq. Gilbei t, ;

Handbuch der griechischen Staatsalterthiimer, ii. 1885, pp. 135-149.

— The facts that have been stated here are important for this
reason, that they ex]>lain to us the origin of the citizen rights of
the Jews in Epliesus and the other Ionian cities. Generally
speaking,the Jews had citizen rights only in those cities
which had been rebuilt during the Hellenistic age. But in the
arrangements of these rebuilt cities, all the inhabitants were
placed upon the same level in respect of the constitutional
law. When, therefore, the constitutions of the Ionian cities in
the beginning of the Hellenistic age were reorganized, the Jews
also would just then receive the privilege of citizenship. Upon
 ADDITIONS AND COEKECTIONS TO DIVISION II. 97

the whole, this accords with the testimony of Josephus, c. ApUm.

iL 4: 01 iv 'E(piaa x.ecl Koiroi tv}v aXAijv ^luvi'uv TOi; »v6iyivsat
^oXnxtf 6/nuvvf<oiJai, tovto -KctpcLaxovTuv aiiTot; tuv licth6xi'>»- From
all that has been said, it would be more exact to say that they had
this privilege from Antiochus II. rather than from the Diadochoi.
279. The monograph of Ruprecht, referred to as "just published," has
not appeared.

VOLUME III.

219 and 338 ff. Philo's systematic exposition of the Mosaic legislation
was not specially written for non-Jewish readers, but was at least
intended equally for Jews. See the proofs given of this view by
Massebieau in his valuable treatise, Le classement des oeuvres de
Philon (Bibliotheque de I'^cole des hautes dudes, Sciences religieuses,
vol. i. Paris 1889, pp. 1-91), p. 38 sq. —
A complete reproduction of
the contents of this interesting work of Philo is given by Oskar
Holtzmann, Das Ende des jicdischen Staatswesens und die Entstehung
des Christenthums, 1888, pp. 259-279 (=Stade, Geschichte des VoU.es
Israel, vol. ii. pp. 531-551).
346 f. Massebieau, as well as Dahne and Gfrorer, holds that the treatises,
de caritate and de poenitentia (Philo, ed. Mangey, ii. 383-407), must
be regarded as occupying a place separate from and not alongside
of the treatise de fortitudine. Only the latter belongs to the
systematic exposition of the Mosaic legislation the other two are ;

an appendix to the Vita Mosis (see Massebieau, Le classement des

oeuvres de Philon, pp. 39-41). The reasons which he gives are, in
fact, hardly convincing. This, however, is not the place for re-
opening a discussion of the question, which is not of great
importance in regard to the general arrangement of Philo's
writings. —
On all important points in reference to the arrangement
of Philo's writings, Massebieau agrees with me, especially in this,
that the Vita Mosis does not belong to the systematic exposition
of the Mosaic legislation, and, as might have been expected, also
in this, that the systematic exposition is an entirely different
work from the allegorical commentary on selected passages from
Genesis.
349-354. The arrangement of Philo's work on the persecutions, or rather
on the persecutors of the Jews, which I attempted on the basis of
the statements of Eusebius, has been subjected to a thorough
criticism by Massebieau in his work just referred to, pp. 65-78.
He feels himself obliged, even on the basis of the Eusebian state-
Q
98 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO DIVISION 11.

luents, to assume that the first and second of the five hooks which
Eusebius refers to in Hist. eccl. ii. 5. 1, have been lost, and that in
the second the persecution under Sejanus had been related. But
he believes that only the Lec/atio ad Cajum which has come down
to us is a fragment of those five books, whereas the treatise adoersus
Flaccum did not belong to that group. But against this theory,
and in favour of the opinion that the treatise adversus Flaccum
formed part of the five books referred to by Eusebius, the fact that
our treatise adversus Flaccum, according to its opening words, was
undoubtedly preceded by a book on the persecutions by Sejanus,
affords very strong presumptive evidence. From this we are
justified in concluding that the treatise adversus Flaccum formed
the third of those five books. What powerful reasons then has
Massebieau to advance against the insertion of the treatise in that
series? He starts with the assumption that the Alexandrian
persecution of the Jews, which is reported in the Legatio ad Cajum,
is the same as that which is described in the treatise adversus

Flaccum. But one and the same occurrence could not have been
described with equal fulness and detail in two books of the one
work. The Legatio ad Cajum does not by any means represent
itself as a continuation of the treatise adversus Flaccum. Now with
reference to the identity of the two persecutions, I must, in
opposition to the view maintained by me in Division II. vol. iii.
pp. 352, 353, agree with Massebieau (comp. Division I. vol. ii. p.
94). It is also correct to say that the Legatio is not the continuation
of the Flaccus. Nevertheless, I regard it as certain that the
arrangement proposed by me is the right one. Massebieau has
himself afforded the key for the solution of the difficulty. He has,
in an able and convincing manner, shown that Pliilo in this work
treats, not of the persecutions, but of the persecutors of the Jews.
His theme is the same as that of Lactantius in his work de mortibus
persecutorum : all persecutors of the righteous come to an evil end.
This proposition Philo supports by pointing to the cases of Sejanus,
Flaccus, and Caligula. All three had cruelly persecuted the Jews.
All three came to a violent end. To each of them Philo devotes a
little monograph, and these three treatises are bound together into

one whole only by the common point of view. Under these

circumstances it can be very easily understood that the Legatio ad
Cajum appears not as a continuation of the Flaccus, and that the
Alexandrian persecution of the Jews is related in detail in both,
although both writings form parts of one comprehensive work.
That persecution must have been the subject in both books, because
it was carried on by Flaccus as well as by Caligula, each proceeding

in his own way. The understanding of this literary plan of Philo

has been made difficult owing to the circumstance that only the
treatise against Flaccus has come down to us comxdete, and that the
 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO DIVISION II. 99

other treatise under its common designation Legatio ad Gajum lias

been regarded from a false point of view. The embassy of the
Jews to Caligula is in that treatise quite a secondary matter. The
main thing in it, just as in the treatise on Flaccus, is on the one
liand a description of the godless infatuation of Caligula, and on
tlie other hand the description of the divine judgment which over-

took him. This second part is wanting. That it did once exist
is put beyond doubt by the introduction and conclusion of the

treatise.

MORRISON AND OIBB, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH.

 —

Just Published, in Two Volumes 8vo, Price 21s.,

BIBLICAL COMMENTARY
ON

THE PROPHECIES OF ISAIAH.

BY

FRANZ DELITZSCH, D.D.,

LEIPZIG.

TRANSLATED FROM THE FOURTH EDITION.

'Waitb an 5ntro5uctlon
BY

Professok S. R. driver, D.D., Oxford.

Edinburgh : T. & T. CLARK, 38 George Street.

To he had from all Booksellers.

JJOTE.— By special arrangement with the late Prof. Delitzsch, Messrs. Clark have
the sole risrht of publishing an English Translation of this Fourth {and last) Edition
of his Isaiah,'
'
It is dedicated to Professors Cheyne and Driver of Oxford. In his
preface the author states that this Fourth Edition contains the fruit of his continued
labour, and that a thorough revisal of the whole work has been made.
Canon Cheyne says :— Students of Isaiah will greet so early a translation of Delitzsch's
'

"Isaiah". . .
. Prefixed to it is an interesting critical sketch by Prof. Driver, which will
be a useful guide to students not only of this but of the other works of the accomplished
author.'
'
Delitzsch's last gift to the Christian Church. ... In our opinion, those who would
enter into the meaning of that Spirit as He spake long ago by Isaiah, words of comfort
and hope which have not lost their significance to-day, cannot find a better guide one ;

—
more marked by learning, reverence, and insight, than Franz Delitzsch.' Professor W.
T. Davison, in The Expository Times.
'
Commentaries in Europe are not often republished after their authors' deaths,
whatever is of permanent value in them being appropriated by their successors. But
it may be long before one undertakes the task of expounding the Prophets
possessing
60 many gifts and employing them so well.' Ghmrdian.
 ——

T. and T. Claris Publications.

In post 8vo, price 9s.,

THE TEXT OF JEREMIAH;

Or a Critical Investigation of the Greek and Hebrew, with the Variations
in the LXX. retranslated into the Original and Explained.

By Professor G. C. WOKKMAN, M.A.,

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, COBURG, CANADA.

With an Introduction by Professor F. DELITZSOH, D.D.

Besides discussing the relation between the texts, this book solves the difficult
problem of the variations, and reveals important matter for the history, the inter-
pretation, the correction, and the reconstruction of the present Massoretic text.
' A work of valuable and lasting service —
Professor Delitzscii.
'

' The most painstaking and elaborate illustration of the application of his principles
to this end that has yet been given to the world. Scholars will hail it with grati-
. . .

tude, and peruse it with intei'est.' Guardian.

'
By his lucid and masterly discussion of the subject, no less than by his able retrans-
latiou of the Septuagint, Prof. Workman has at once put under obligation to himself
all students of the prophet Jeremiah, and has earned for himself a high degree as a
scholarly, able, and judicious critic' Nonconformist.

•
This series is one of great importance to the biblical scholar, and as regards
its general execution it leaves little or nothing to be 6.QsixQdi.'— Edinburgh Review.

KEIL AND DEUTZSCH'S

COMMENTARIES ON AND INTRODUCTION
TO THE OLD TESTAMENT.
INTRODUCTION, 2 Voi,s. . {Keil). PSALMS, 3 Vols. .

PENTATEUCH, 3 Vols. {Keil).

JOSHUA, JUDGES, AND RUTH,
1 Vol {Keil).
SAMUEL, 1 Vol. . (Keil).
KINGS, 1 Vol., and CHRONI-
CLES, 1 Vol. (Keil).
EZRA, NEHEMIAH, and
ESTHER, 1 Vol. (Keil).
JOB, 2 Vols. . (^Delitzsch).
 — — — —

T. and T. Clark's Publications.

DELITZSCH'S NEW COMMENTARY ON GENESIS.

Now complete, in T%m Vols., 8i'o, price 21s.,

A NEW COMMENTARY ON GENESIS.

By Peofessor FKANZ DELITZSCH, D.D., Leipzig.
Translated by SOPHIA TAYLOR.
Note —While preparing the translation, the translator has been favoured hy
Prof. Delitzsch with such numerous improvements and additions, tliat it may
be regarded as made from a revised version of the New Commentary on Genesis.
' Thirty-five years have elapsed since Prof. Delitzsch's Commentary on Genesis first
a]ipeared ; fifteen years since the fourth edition was published in 1872. Ever in the van
of historical and philological research, the venerable author now comes forward with
another fresh edition in which he incorporates wl)at fifteen years have achieved for
illustration and criticism of the text of Genesis. . . . We
congratulate Prof. Delitzsch
on this new edition, and trust that it may appear before long in an English dress. By
it, not less than by his other commentaries, he has earned the gratitude of every lover
of biblical science, and we shall be surprised if, in the future, many do not acknowledge
—
that they have found in it a welcome help and guide.' Professor S. R. Dkiver in The
Academy.
'We wish it were
in our power to follow in detail the contents of Dr. Delitzsch's most
interesting introduction, and to give specimens of the admirable, concise, and lucid
notes in his exposition ; but we have said enough to show our readers our high estimate
of the value of the work.' Church Bells.
' The work of a reverent mind
and a sincere believer, and not seldom there are touches
of great beauty and of spiritual insight in it.' Guardian.

In post 8vo, price 6s.,

IRIS:
STUDIES IN COLOUR AND TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.
By Professor FRANZ DELITZSCH, D.D.
Translated by Rev, ALEXANDER CUSIN, M.A., Edinburgh.

CONTENTS :— Chap. I. The Blue of the Sky.— II. Black and White.— III. Purple
—
and Scarlet. IV. Academic Official Robes and their Colours. V. The Talmud —
—
and Colours. VI. Gossip about Flowers and their Perfume.- VII. A Doubtful
Nosegay.— VIII. The Flower- Riddle of the Queen of Sheba.— IX. The Bible
—
and Wine. X. Dancing and Criticism of the Pentateuch as mutually related.
— —
XI. Love and Beauty. XII. Eternal Life Eternal Youth. :

EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE.

' The
subjects of the following papers are old pet children, which have grown up with
me I began to feel and think. ... I have collected them here under the emble-
ever since
matical name
of Iris. The prismatic colours of the rainbow, the brilliant sword-lily,
that wonderful part of the eye which gives to it its colour, and the messenger of heaven
who beams with joy, youth, beauty, and love, are all named Iris.' Franz Delitzsch.

The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone writes—' I am glad that the discussion of the
colour sense has attracted a writer of such great authority, and one who treats it with
so uiuch ability and care.'
A series of delightful lectures. ..The pages sparkle with a gem-like light:—Scotsinan.
'

'
We
have found these chapters deeply interesting, and abounding with information.
Iiovei-s of colour will be charmed with those which deal with the subject, and lovers of
flowers will be equally in sympathy with the venerable theologian in his pleasant talks
about them.' Literary World.
 In the Press— Nearly ready,

MESSIANIC PROPHECIES
IK

HISTORICAL SUCCESSION.
BT

FRANZ DELITZSCH.
TRANSLATED BY

SAMUEL IVES CURTISS,

PROFESSOR IN CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINART.

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
This volume is a fitting crown to the exegetical studies of Dr. Delitzsch. From
little

various points of view it is likely to be of unusual interest, not only to those who have
been accustomed to peruse his works, but also to others.
The proofs of the original were read by the lamented author as he was confined'to his
bed by his last illness, weak in body but clear in mind. The preface which he dictated
five days before his departure was his fiual literary work. The last printed sheet was
laid on his bed the day before he died.
It has but little in common with a translation of Professor Delitzsch's lectures,
published by Messrs. T. & T. Clark ten years ago, but the name.
Already the original has received high praise from appreciative scholars. It is hoped
that the translation may be found not unworthy of this legacy to the cause of Jewish
missions by a revered teacher and friend.

In the Press— Nearly ready,

FRANZ DELITZSCH:
H /iDemorial tribute.

By SAMUEL IVES CURTISS,

PBOFESaOH IN CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SKMINARY.

WITH A PORTRAIT.
CONTENTS.— CiiAPTKR I. Sketch of Delitzsch's Life. II. The Last Farewell. III.
Delitzsch as Teacher and Theologian. IV. Delitzsch as Author and Friend of
Authors. V. Delitzsch as the Friend of Israel. Appendix L Vita. IL Autobio-
graphy. III. List of Works.

Edinburgh : T. & T. CLARK, 38 George Street.

 — —— —

T. and T. Clark's Publications.

GRIMM'S LEXICON.
Just piihlished, Second Edition, Rkviskd, demy ito, price 36s.,

GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON OF THE

NEW TESTAMENT,
P.EING

©ri'mm's SSaflitc's Clabt's Nofat Cestamcntf.

TRANSLATED, REVISED, AND ENLARGED
By JOSEPH HENKY THAYER, D.D.,
BUSSEY PROFESSOR OF NEW TESTAMENT CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION IN THE
DIVINITY SCHOOL OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

EXTRACT FROM PREFACE.

'
r the close of the year 1862, the " Arnoldische Buchhandlung "
lOWARDS
I
I in Leipzig published the First Part of a Greek-Latia Lexicon of the
New Testament, prepared, upon the basis of the " Clavis Novi Testamenti
Philologica" of C. G. Wilke (second edition, 2 vols. 1851), by Professor C. L.
WiLiBALD Grimm of Jena. In his Prospectus, Professor Grimm announced it
as his purpose not only (in accordance with the improvements in classical lexico-
graphy embodied in the Paris edition of Stephen's Thesaurus and in the fifth
edition of Passow's Dictionary edited by Rost and his coadjutors) to exhibit the
historical growth of a word's significations, and accordingly in selecting his
vouchers for New Testament usage to show at what time and in what class of
writers a given word became current, but also duly to notice the usage of the
Septuagint and of the Old Testament Apocrypha, and especially to produce a
Lexicon which should correspond to the present condition of textual criticism,
of exegesis, and of biblical theology. He devoted more than seven years to his
task. The successive Parts of his work received, as they appeared, the out-
spoken commendation of scholars diverging as widely in their views as Hupfeld
and Hengstenberg and since its completion in 1868 it has been generally
;

acknowledged to be by far the best Lexicon of the New Testament extant.'

I regard it as a work of the greatest importance. ... It seems to me a work show-

'

ing the most patient diligence, and the most carefully arranged collection of useful and
helpful references.' The Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol.
The Lest New Testaniout Greek Lexicon. ... It is a treasury of the results of exact
'

scholarship.' Bishop Westcott.

'An excellent book, the value of which for English students will, I feel sure, be best
—
appreciated by those who use it most carefully.' Professor F. J. A. Hort, D.D.
'
This work has been eagerly looked for. The result is an excellent book, which
. . .

I do not doubt will be the best in the field for many years to come.' —
Professor W.
Sanday, D.D., in The Academy.
' This is
indeed a noble volume, and satisfies in these days of advancing scholarship
a very great want. It is certainly unequalled in its lexicogi-aphy, and invaluable in its
literary perfectness. ... It should, will, must make for itself a place in the library of
all those students who want to be thoroughly furnished for the work of understanding,
expounding, and applying the Word of God.' Evangelical Magazine-
'
Undoubtedly the best of its kind. Beautifully printed and well translated, with
some corrections and improvements of the original, it will be prized by students of the
Ghi-istian Scriptures.' Athenceum.
It should be obtained even at the sacrifice of many volumes of sermons and homi-
'

letical aids. There is nothing so intellectually remunerative in ministerial life as

foundation work of this kind. Without it no ministry can be solid and strong, nor can
its results be profound and abiding. Rarely have Messrs. Clark laid our British
Churches under deeper obligations than they have done by the issue of this noble
and scholarly vfOY\i:~Baptist Magazine.
 —— ——
, —

T. and T. Clark's PubUcations.

In demy Svo, price 10s. 6^.

THE REDEMPTION OF MAN.

DISCUSSIONS BEARING ON THE ATONEMENT.
By D. W. SIMON, D.D.,
PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY, CONGEEGATIONAL THEOLOGICAL HALL, EDINBURGH ;

AUTHOR OF 'the BIBLE, AN OUTGROWTH OF THEOCRATIC LIFE.'

CONTENTS :— Introduction. Chap. I. The Atonement and the Kingdom of God.
The Constitution of Humanity.
II. III. Relations of Man to God. lY.
Hebrew Sin-Offerings, with Ethnic Parallels. V. The Anger of God. VI. For-
giveness of Sin. VII. Passio Christi. VIII. The Passion of Christ and the
Passion of Man. IX. The Atonement and Prayer an Argumentum ad :
'

Hominem.' X. The Historical Influence of the Death of Christ.

PRiNCtPAL Faiebairx, Mansfield College, writes —
I wish to say how stimulating '

and helpful I have found your book. Its criticism is constructive as well as incisive,
while point of view is elevated and commanding. It made me feel quite vividly how
its
superficial most of the recent discussions on the Atonement have been.'
'A thoughtful, able, and learned discussion. . The author is full of his subject,
. .

and handles the literature of it with the facility which comes of sound and laborious
application of his mind to it. There is no student of theology who would not be
benefited by a careful and respectful study of this volume.' Literary Churchman.
'
A
book of interest and importance. Dr. Simon throws his heart into his work,
. . .

and his book is warmed throughout by deep feeling. ... It is elaborated by Dr. Simon
with singular power. Oxford undergraduates, reading for the theological school, "uill
find themselves unable to neglect this vfo^^.^^ Saturday Review.
'
Dr. Simon has produced a series of discussions of great value, vigorous, com-
prehensive in their grasp, philosophical in tone, and rich in theological scholarship. It
is lucidly written, and is full of suggestive force.' Baptist Magazine.

Just jmhlishcd, in clemij 8co, price 7s. 6d.,

TH E H EREAFTER :

SHEOL, HADES, AND HELL, THE WORLD TO COME, AND THE SCRIPTURE
DOCTRINE OF RETRIBUTION ACCORDING TO LAW.
By JAMES FYFE.
'Mr. Fyfe's book seems to us quite a model of analytical study of Scripture teacliiug,
alike in its thoroughness and in the calm temperate way in which the results are
given. . Once more we emphatically commend the work to all who wish to know
. .

what Scripture teaches on this most momentous subject.' Methodist Times.

A valuable contribution to the literature of the subject, and one that should be I'cad
'

by all who wish to form just and valid views of it.' Bajitist Magazine.
His careful, judicious examination of his material is much to be commended.
' . . .

Much interesting light is thrown upon the whole siibject in this volume.' Ecclesiastical
Gazette.

Just published, in C7-own 8vo, price Gs.

THE NEW APOLOGETIC;

OR,

THE DOWN-GRADE IN CRITICISM, THEOLOGY,

AND SCIENCE.
BY
Prof. ROBT. WATTS, D.D., LL.D., Assembly's College, Belfast ;

AUTHOR OF ' THE REIGN OF CAUSALITY,' THE NEWER CRITICISM,' ETC.

'

'It is impossible not to confess that in consistency and soundness of arguiuout he often
has the advantage over his opponents.'— 5co<s?fta>i..
 — — , — —

T. and T. ClarJS s Publications.

Just puhUshcd, in One large Vol., Sro, price 14s.,

A HISTORY OF GERMAN THEOLOGY

IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
By F. LICHTENBERGER, D.D.,
DEAN OF THE iWCULTY OF PROTESTANT THEOLOGY OF PARIS.
Revised and brought up to date, with important additions specially prepared
for the English Edition by the Author.
Translated by W. HAS TIE, B.D.,
EXAMINER IN THEOLOGY, UXIVEKSITY OK EDINBURGH.
' The
theological student, as well as the general reader who is coufioed to the know-
lodge of German theology as it is exhibited in the English language, unquestionably
requires at the present moment skilled historical guidance, with careful literary and
critical orientation, through the dense and tangled growths of the German theology of
the century. The present work is offered as specially adapted to meet this want. It
may be confidently claimed for it that it is reliable and intelligible throughout, and a
safe and easy guide to the theological student as well as to the general reader through
the subject. It is the work of a singularly gifted and qualified scholar, who has brought
the fullest knowledge and the most patient industry to his task. Grounded not only
upon a conscientious study of the soiu-ces of the subject, but upon faitliful reference to
all that has been latelj- written worth reading upon it, it is pei-vaded at the same time
bj' a living symimthy for all that is highest and most enduring in modern theological
thought, and its representations and judgments are i-estrained and guided by an indepen-
dent critical faculty and an earnest regard for practical Christian tnith. It is written
not only with the full mastery of a matured and vigorous mind, but with the easy grace,
the penetrating insight, the keen discrimination, the luminoiis characterizations, and
the clear style of the accomplished French writer.' Extract from the Translator'' s Preface,
'
As to the importance of an accurate and comprehensive history of German theology,
diversity of opinion is impossible. "We welcome this work as an indispensable aid
. . .

to the theological student, as a valuable repertory of historical information, and a series

i)f luminous and effective criticisms. Its learning, its calm judicial tone, its fine insight,
and its lucidity and candour impart to it quite exceptional worth.' Baptist Magazine.
'
Messrs. Clark have seldom or never done a more seasonable, useful, or welcome
thing tluan to publish a translation of Lichtenberger's critical sm-vey of the grand move-
ment of German thought in the x^rovince of theology during the last hundred years.'
Christian World.
'
Such a work speaks for itself. Packed full of information, interesting in style, it
will long remain a guide to the complexities of German theologJ^' Methodist Times.
'
The best and most complete work as yet published on the divines of the present
century.' Church Bells.

Just published, in post Svo, price 9s.

PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY,

BEING
THE FIRST EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY
GIFFORD LECTURES.
By J. HUTCHISON STIRLING, LL.I). (Edin.),
FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE PHILOSOPHICAI. SOCIETY OF BERLIN,
GIFFORD LECTURER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, 1888-89.
CONTENTS :— I. The Bequest. II. Natural Theology— How to be Treated. III.
Historical Treatment of the Proofs Anaxagoras. —
IV. Anaxagoras and design.
V. —
Design generally— Socrates. VI. Design Plato. VII. The Sophists—
their Negative, Aristotle. VIII. Aristotle and the Proofs. IX. The Sects
and the Proofs— Cicero. X. The Fathers— Anselm. XI. Introductory-
Lord Gifford's Essays. XII. to XIV. The Negative and Hume. XV. and
XVI. Kant and the Proofs. XVII. to XX. Darwin and Design.
'
Dr. Stirling has done splendid service, both to the history of Philosoijhy and Theology
and to tliL'se great sciences themselves. Dr. Stirling excels himself in the chapter on
. . .

" Aristotle and his Proofs." This is really a magnificent contribution to the history of
Philosophy and the right understanding of Aristotle. We ask our readers to read
. . .

those lectures with care.' — Professor Ivkrach in the British Weekly.

 — — — — —

T. mid T. Clarlis Pziblications.

WORKS BY PROFESSOR A. B. BRUCE, D.D.

Jiist published, in post 8ro, Neio Edition, Revised, price 7s. Gd..

THE KINGDOM OF GOD; OK,

CHRIST S TEACHING ACCORDING TO THE
SYNOPTICAL GOSPELS.
By a. B. BRUCE, D.D.,
PROFESSOPw OF NEW TESTAMENT EXEGESIS IN THE FllEK CHURCH COLLEGE, GLASGOW.
CONTENTS :— Critical Introduction.— Chap. I. Christ's Idea of tlie Kingdom.—
II. Christ's Attitude towards the Mosaic Law. —
III. The Conditions of
Entrance. —
IV. Christ's Doctrine of God. —
V. Christ's Doctrine of Man. VI. —
The Relation of Jesus to Messianic Hopes and Functions. VII. The Son of —
—
Man and the Son of God. VIII. The Righteousness of the Kingdom Negative —
Aspect. — IX. The Rigliteousness of the Kingdom Positive Aspect. —
X. The —
—
Death of Jesus and its Significance. XI. The Kingdom and the Church. XII. —
—
The Parousia and the Christian Era. XIII. The History of the Kingdom in
Outline.— XIV. The End.— XV. The Christianity of Christ.— Index.
'
To Dr. Bruce belongs the lionoiu- of f^ving to English-speaking: Christians the first
really scientific treatment of this transcendent theme . . . his book is the best mono-
graph ou the subject in existence. ... He is evidently in love with his subject, and
every page exhibits the intense enthusiasm of a strong nature for the Divine Teacher.'
— Eev. James Stalker, D.D., in The British Weekly.
'
The astonishing vigour and the unfailing insight which characterize the book mark a
new era in biblical theology. In fact, as in all Dr. Bruce's writings, so here we find our-
selves in the company of one whose earnest faith in the matter of the Gospel narratives
prevents him from treating the doctrine of Clirist merely in a scholastic style, or as an
—
interesting subject for theory and speculation.' Professor Marcus Dods, D.D., in The
Theological Revieiv.
' A
remarkable book.' Saturdai/ Review.

In demy Svo, Fowth Edition, price lOs. 6d.,

THE TRAINING OF THE TWELVE;

OR, EXPOSITION OF PASSAGES IN THE GOSPELS
EXHIBITING THE TWELVE DISCIPLES OF JESUS UNDER
DISCIPLINE FOR THE APOSTLESHIP.
'
A
volume which can never lose its chai-m either for the preacher or for the ordinary
Christian reader.'- London Quarterhj Review.
'
A
great book, full of suggestion and savour. It should be the companion of the
minister, for the theme is peculiarly related to himself, and he would find it a very
pleasant and profitable companion, for its author has filled it with good matter.' Mr. —
Spurgeon in Sword and Troivcl.

In deinv Svo, Third Edition, jyrice 10s. 6(/.,

THE HUMILIATION OF CHRIST

IN ITS PHYSICAL, ETHICAL, AND OFFICIAL ASPECTS.
These lectures are able and deep-reaching to a degree not often found in the religious
'

day withal, they are fresh and suggestive.

literature of the ;
The learning and the
. . .

deep and sweet spirituality of this discussion will commend it to many faithful students
of the truth as in Jesus.'
it is Congregationalist.
'
We
have not for a long time met with a work so fresh and suggestive as this of
Professor Bruce. . . . We
do not know where to look at our English Universities for
a treatise so calm, logical, and scholarlj-.' English Independent.
'
The title of the book gives but a faint conception of the value and wealth of its
contents. . ..Dr. Bruce's work is really one of exceptional value ; and no one can
read it without percejitible gain in theological knowledge.' English CJivrchman.
 — — — —

T. and T. Clark's Publications.

LOTZE'S MICROCOSMUS.
In Two FoZs., ^vo (1450 pages)^ Fourth Edition, price ;36.v.,

MICROCOSMUS:
ConcerningMan and his relation to the World.

By HERMANN LOTZE.
STranslatrU from tfjt fficrtnan

By ELIZABETH HAMILTON and E. E. CONSTANCE JONES.

'
The English public have now before themthe greatest philosophic work produced
in Germany by the generation just past. Thetranslation comes at an opportune time,
for the circumstances of English thought, just at the present moment, are peculiarly
those with which Lotze attempted to deal when he wrote his " Microcosmus," a quarter
of a century ago. . Few philosophic books of the century are so attractive both in
. .

style and matter.' Athenceum.

'
These are indeed two masterly volumes, vigorous in intellectual power, and trans-
lated with rare ability. This work will doubtless find a place on the shelves of all
. . .

the foremost thinkers and students of modern times.' Evangelical Magazine.

'
Lotze is the ablest, the most brilliant, and most renowned of the German philosophers
of to-day. ... He has rendered invaluable and splendid service to Christian thinkers,
and has given them a work which cannot fail to equip them for the sturdiest intellectual
conflicts and to ensure their victory.' Baptist Magazine.

Just published, in demy 8vo, p)rice 7s. Qd.,

ELEMENTS OF LOGIC
AS A SCIENCE OF PROPOSITIONS.
By E. E. CONSTANCE
JONES,
LECTURER IN MORAL SCIENCES, GIETON COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE ;

JOINT-TRANSLATOR AND EDITOR OP LOTZE'S MicrOCOSmuS.'' '

'
must congratulate Girton College upon the forward movement of ^vhicll the
We
publication of this work is one of the first steps. . What strikes us at once about
. .

the work is the refreshing boldness and independence of the writer. In spite of the
long-drawn previous history of the science, and of its voluminous records, Miss Jones
finds plenty to say that is freshly worked out by independent thought. There is a
spring of vitality and vigour pervading and vitalizing tlie aridity of even these abstract
discussions.' Cambridge Eerieiv.

Just published, in demy 8i'o, price 9s.,

KANT, LOTZE, AND RITSCHL.

% Critical (^lamination.

By LEONHAED STAHLIN, Bayreuth.

Translated by Pkincipai. SIMON, Edinburgh.
'In a few lines it is impossible to give an adequate idea of this learned work, which
goes to the very root of the philosophical and metaphysical speculations of recent years.'
— Ecclesiastical Ga.zette.
'No one who would understand recent theological trends and their results can afford
to miss reading ^izXAivL.'—Preshytcrian and Beforvwd Reriru:
 — —— —

T. and T. Clark's Publications.

In Two VoU., Svo, price 21s.,

NATURE AND THE BIBLE:

LECTUKES ON THE MOSAIC HISTORY OF CREATION IN ITS
RELATION TO NATURAL SCIENCE.
By Dr. FR. H. REUSCH.
KEVISED AND GOEEECTED BY THE AUTHOR
TRANSLATED from the Fourth Edition by KATHLEEN LYTTELTON.
Other champions much more competent and learned than myself might have been
'

w;ed in the field I will only name one of the most recent, Dr. Eeusch, author of
r>ia<;« ;

" Nature and the Bible.'"— The Eight Hon. W. E. Gladstone.

The work, we need hardly say, is of profound and perennial interest, and it can
'

scarcely be too highly commended as,in many respects, a very successful attempt to settle
one of the most perplexing questions of the day. It is impossible to read it without
obtaining larger views of theology, and more accurate opinions respecting its relations
to science, and no one will rise from its perusal without feeling a deep sense of gratitude
to its a.uthor.''— Scottish Review.
' This
graceful and accurate translation of Dr. Eeusch's well-known treatise on the
identity of the doctrines of the Bible and the revelations of Nature is a valuable addition
to English liiemiwi-e: —Whitehall Review.
' We
owe to Dr. Eeusch, a Catholic theologian, one of the most valuable treatises on
the relation of Eeligion and Natm-al Science that has appeared for many years. Its fine
impartial tone, its absolute freedom from passion, its glow of sympathy with all sound
science, and its liberality of i-eligious views, are likely to surprise all readers who are
unacquainted with the fact that, whatever may be the errors of the Romish Church, its
more enlightened members are, as a rule, free from that idolatry of the letter of Scrip-
ture which is one of the most dangerous faults of ultra-Protestantism.'— iife?'ar^ World.
'
We
may assure our readers that they Avill find these lectures throughout to be at
once fascinating, learned, and instructive. They are lucid in statement, compact and
logical in argument, pertinent in illustration, candid, fearless, chivalrous in sjiirit, the
very model of what such lectures should be.' Baptist Magazine.

In Two Vols., extra 8t;o (about 1400 pp.), price 25s.,

DOGMATIC THEOLOGY.
By WILLIAM G. T. SHEDD, D.D.,
PROFESSOR OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY IN UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORK ;

AUTHOR OF 'a HISTORY OP CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE,' 'SERMONS TO THE NATURAL MAN,'

SERMONS TO THE SPIRITUAL MAN,' ETC. ETC.
'

'
A remarkable work, remarkable for a grace of style and power of literary expression
very unusual in wi-iters on dogmatic theology, and for its breadth of learning and
reseai-ch. .Eeaders will rise from the perusal of the volumes witli high admiration
. .

of Dr. Shedd both as a writer and as a theologian.' Aberdeen Free Press.

' Dr. Shedd's principles are here, he tells us, to place the Scriptures in the forefront,
and next to them, not modern systems or recent treatises on particular points, but the
writings of the early Fathers, and of the giants of the lufuniiati.iu. Dr. Shedd is wise.
Tlie old is better than the new, and its virtue has not yet n I'xliausted.
1 The result
of his methods is that he has given us a very solid ami miuimI alvinistic " system" in
•

which modern theories are weighed, and, as it seems, generally found wanting.'
The Record.
'
We congratulate Dr. Shedd on the completion of this great work, to the composition
of which he has given so many years. We congratulate the readers of theology not only
on their possession of it, but also on the fact that they have received it from the author
and not from his literary executors. Dr. Shedd's style is such as to render it
. . .

reasonably certain that his books will be read by more than one generation of theological
readers after his personal labours have been closed,' Presbyterian Review.
 — — — — — ——

T. and T. Clark's Publications

HERZOG'S ENCYCLOP/EDIA .

In Three Volumes, imperial 8vo, price 24s. each,

ENCYCLOPAEDIA OR DICTIONARY
OF
BIBLICAL, HISTORICAL, DOCTRINAL, AND
PRACTICAL THEOLOGY.
BASED ON THE REAL-ENCYKLOPADIE OF HERZOG, PLITT, AND HAUCK.
Edited by PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D., LL.D.,
PROFESSOR IN THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORK.
'As a comprehensive work of reference, within a moderate compass, we know
nothing at all equal to it iu the large department which it deals with.' Church Bells.
'
The work will remain as a wonderful monument of industry, learning, and skill. It
will be indispensable to the student of specifically Protestant theology ; nor, indeed, do
we think that any scholar, whatever be his especial line of thought or study, would
find it superfluous on his shelves.' Litexary Churchman.
'
We
commend this work with a touch of enthusiasm, for we have often wanted such
ourselves. It embraces in its range of writers all the leading authors of Europe on
ecclesiastical questions. A student may deny himself many other volumes to secure
this, for it is certain to take a prominent and permanent place in our literature.'
Evangelical Magazine.
'It is with great pleasure we now call attention to the third and concluding volume
of this work. . It is a noble book.
. . For our ministerial readers we can scarcely
. . .

wish anything better than that every oue of them should be put in possession of
a copy thi-ough the generosity of the wealthy laymen of their congregation; such a
sowing of good seed would produce results most beneficial both to those who pi-each
and to those who hear. Bui this Cyclopfedia is not by any means for ministerial
students only ; intelligent and thoughtful minds of all classes will discover in it so much
interest and value as will make it a perfect treasure to them.' Christian World.

Supplement to Herzog's ENCYCLO P^gDiA.

In impei'ial Sro, price 8s.,

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIVING DIVINES

AND CHRISTIAN WORKERS
OF ALL DENOMINATIONS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
Being a Supplement to ' Schaff-Herzog Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge.'
EDITED EY
PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D., and Rev. S. M. JACKSON, M.A.
'A very useful Encyclopasdia. I am very glad to have it for frequent reference.'
Eight Eev. Bishop Lightfoot.
The information is very lucidly and compactly arranged.' Eev. Canon Driver.
' —
'Very useful, and supplies information not elsewhere obtained.'— Eev. Dr. Henry
Allon.

1)1 Two Volumes, Hvo [81Q pp.), price 21s.,

LIVES OF THE LEADERS OF THE CHURCH

UNIVERSAL.
FROM IGNATIUS TO THE PRESENT TIME.
Edited bt Dr. FERDINAND PIPER.
' A very interesting and useful hagiology. . . . The collection is one of remarkable
value and interest.' British Quarterly Revieio.
' A really new idea, executed with commendable care and skill.' Freeman.
 —

FOREIGN THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY.

The
following are the Works from which a Selection of Ei<;ht Volumes for £2, 2s. (or more at the
same ratio) may be made. (Non-subscription Price within brackets) :

Alexander— Commentary on Isaiah. Two Vols. (17s.)

Baumgarten— The History of the Church in the Apostolic Age.
Three Vols. (27s.)
Bleak— Introduction to the New Testament. Two Vols. (21s.)
Christlieb— Modern Douht and Christian Belief. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Delitzsch— Commentary on Job. Two Vols. (21s.)
.
Commentary on the Psalms. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon. Two Vols. (21s.)
— Commentary on Song of Solomon and Ecclesiastes. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
•

Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah. Two Vols. (21s.)

Commentary on Epistle to the Hebrews. Two Vols. (21s.)
A System of Biblical Psychology. One Vol. (12s.)
DSllinger— Hippolytus and Callistus; or, The Church of Rome AD. 200-250. One Vol. (7s. 6d. :

Dorner— A System of Christian Doctrine. Four Vols. (42s.)

History of the Development of the Doctrine of the Person of Christ. Five Vols. (52s. 6d.)
Ebrard— Commentary on the Epistles of St. John. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
The Gospel History. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Apologetics. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
Ewald— Revelation Its Nature and Record. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
:

Frank— System of Christian Certainty. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)

Gebhardt—Doctrine of the Apocalypse. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Gerlach— Commentary on the Pentateuch. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Gieseler— Compendium of Ecclesiastical History. Four Vols. (42s.)
Godet—Commentary on St. Luke's Gospel. Two Vols. (21s.)
Commentary on St. John's Gospel. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. Two Vols. (21s.)
Commentary on 1st Corinthians. Two Vols. (21s.)
Goebel— On the Parables. One Vol. (lOs. 6d.)
Hagenbach— History of the Reformation. Two Vols. (21s.)
History of Christian Doctrines. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
A
Harless— System of Christian Ethics. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Haupt— Commentary on the First Epistle of St. John. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Havernick— General Introduction to the Old Testament. One Vol. (10s. 6d.
Hengstenberg— Christology of the Old Testament. Four Vols. (42s.)
—— Commentary
On the Book
on the Psalms.
of Ecclesiastes.
Three Vols.
Etc. etc.
(33s.)
One Vol. (9s.)
Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. Two Vols. (21s.)
Commentary on Ezekiel. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Dissertations on the Genuineness of Daniel, etc. One Vol. (12s.)
The Kingdom of God under the Old Covenant. Two Vols. (21s.)
Keil— Introduction to the Old Testament. Two Vols. (21s.)
Commentary on the Pentateuch. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
Commentary on Joshua, Judges, and Ruth. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Books of Samuel. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Books of Kings. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Books of Chronicles. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on Jeremiah and Lamentations. Two Vols. (21s.)
Commentary on Ezekiel. Two Vols. (21s.)
Commentary on the Book of Daniel. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Minor Prophets. Two Vols. (21s.)
Biblical Archaeology. Two Vols. (-Is.)
Kurtz— History of the Old Covenant or, Old Testament Dispensation. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
;

Lange— Commentary on the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke. Two Vols. (18s.)
Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. Two Vols. (21s.)
Luthardt— Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
Macdonald— Introduction to the Pentateuch. Two Vols. (21s.)
Martensen— Christian Dogmatics. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Christian Ethics. General— Social— Individual. Three Vols. (31s. 6d.)
MUller— The Christian Doctrine of Sin. Two Vols. (21s.)
Murphy-Commentary on the Psalms. To count as Two I'ohanes. One Vol. (12s.)
Neander— General History of the Christian Religion and Church. Nine Vols. (67s. 6d.)
Oehler— Biblical Theology of the Old Testament. Two Vols. (21s.)
Olshausen— Commentary on the Gospels and Acts. Four \'ols. (42s.)
Commentary on Epistle to the Romans. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Commentary on Epistles to the Corinthians. One Vol. (9s.)
Commentary on Philippians, Titus, and 1st Timothy. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Orelli— Prophecy regarding Consummation of God's Kingdom. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Philippi— Commentary on Epistle to Romans. Two Vols. (21s.)
Rabiger-Encyclopoedia of Theology. Two Vols. (21s.)
Ritter Comparative Geography of Palestine. Four Vols. (26s.)
Sartorius The Doctrine of Divine Love. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
Schtlrer The Jewish People in the Time of Christ. Division II. Three Vols. (10s. 6d. each.)
Shedd History of Christian Doctrine. Two Vols. (21s.)
-

Steinmeyer— History of the Passion and Resurrection of our Lord. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)
The Miracles of our Lord in relation to Modern Criticism. One Vol. (7s. 6d.)
Stier— The Words of the Lord Jesus. Kis^ht Vols. (84s.)
TheWordsoftheRisenSaviour, and Commentary on Epistle of St. James. One Vol. (10s. 6d
The Words of the Apostles Expounded. One Vol. (10s. 6<1.)
Tholuck— Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. One Vol. (9s.)
UUmann— Reformers before the Reformation. Two Vols. (21s.)
Weiss— Biblical Theology of the New Testament. Two Vols. (21s.)
The Life of Christ. 'I hree Vols. fSls. 6d.)
Winer— Collection of the Confessions of Christendom. One Vol. (10s. 6d.)