ACE Inhibitors Contraindications PARK: Pregnancy Allergy Renal artery stenosis K increase (hyperkalemia)

ABCD: Anti-coagulate Beta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin Anti-arrythmics: for AV nodes "Do Block AV": Digoxin B-blockers Adenosine Verapamil Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment ABCDE: Adenosine Beta-blocker Calcium channel antagonist Digoxin Excitation (vagal stimulation) Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers "Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium" Cardioselective betablockers are: Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol Amiodarone: action, side effects 6 P's: Prolongs action potential duration Photosensitivity Pigmentation of skin Peripheral neuropathy Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

Ventricular tachycardia: treatment LAMB: Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/ Magnesium Beta-blocker Antiarrhythmics: class III members BIAS: Bretylium Ibutilide Amiodarone Sotalol "The NEPAL Prime Minister": Timolol Nadolol Esmolol Pindolol Atenolol Labetalol Propranolol Metoprolol Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers "Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" (because he has a runny nose...): Timolol Pindolol Hismolol Naldolol Propranolol Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions ABCDE: Asthma Block (heart block) COPD Diabetes mellitus Electrolyte (hyperkalemia) Acute LVF management LMNOP: Lasex (frusemide) Morphine (diamorphine) Nitrates Oxygen (sit patient up) Pulmonary ventilation (if doing badly)

Captopril (an ACE inhibitor): side effects CAPTOPRIL: Cough Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis Proteinuria/ Potassium excess Taste changes Orthostatic hypotension Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure drop (first dose hypertension) Renal failure (and renal artery stenosis contraindication)/ Rash Indomethacin inhibition Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity Ca++ channel blockers: uses CA++ MASH: Cerebral vasospasm/ CHF Angina Migranes Atrial flutter, fibrillation Supraventricular tachycardia Hypertension Alternatively: "CHASM": Cererbral vasospasm / CHF Hypertension Angina Suprventricular tachyarrhythmia Migranes

Atrial fibrillation: causes A S#!T: Alcohol Stenosis (mitral valve) Hypertension Infarction/ Ischaemia Thyrotoxicosis Varicose veins: symptoms AEIOU: Aching Eczema Itching Oedema Ulceration/ Ugly (LDS, haemosiderin, varicosities) Asystole: treatment "Have some asystole "TEA": Transcutaneous pacing

Epi Atropine Hypertension: treatment ABCD: ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists also) Beta blockers Calcium antagonists Diuretics (sometimes vasoDilators also) MI: immediate treatment DOGASH: Diamorphine Oxygen GTN spray Asprin 300mg Streptokinase Heparin Atherosclerosis risk factors SHIFT MAID: Smoking Hypertension (N)IDDM Family history Triglycerdides & fats Male Age Inactivity MI: sequence of elevated enzymes after MI "Time to CALL 911": From first to appear to last: Troponin CK-MB AST LDH1 Heart: -tropic definitions Lusitropic: loose is relaxed. Definition: relax heart. Inotropic: when heart wall contracts, moves inward. Definition: contract heart. Chronotropic: 'chrono-' means 'time'. Defintion: heart rate (of SA node impulses). Dromotropic: only one left, it must be conduction speed by default. Beta blockers: B1 selective vs. B1-B2 non-selective A through N: B1 selective: Acebutalol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol. O through Z: B1, B2 non-selective: Pindolol, Propanalol, Timolol.

Atherosclerosis risk factors "You're a SAD BET with these risk factors": Sex: male Age: middle-aged, elderly Diabetes mellitus BP high: hypertension Elevated cholesterol Tobacco Stroke risk factors HEADS: Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia Elderly Atrial fib Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs (cocaine) Smoking/ Sex (male) Syncope (fainting) treatment If the face is red, raise the head. If the face is pale, raise the tail. Adrenergic receptors: Arteries (vessels) controlled by Alpha-blocking these causes vasodilation Heart Beat is controlled by Beta-blocking these causes decrease heart rate "Left Systolic Failure Can Have Dialated Heart Cause Of Pulmpnary Backflow": Loss of hair on legs Skin cold and clammy Fatigue Crackles High heart rate Dyspnea HTN Cyanosis Orthopnea Pink Sputum MI: sequence of elevated enzymes after MI "C-AST-Le" (castle): CK-MB first AST second LDH third Also: can use the last 'E' for ESR. Raynaud's disease: causes BAD CT: Blood disorders (eg polycythaemia) Arterial (eg atherosclerosis, Buerger's) Drugs (eg beta-blockers)

Connective tissue disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE) Traumatic (eg vibration injury) Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic PASS: Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic. PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic. MI: post-MI complications ACT RAPID: Arrhythmias (SVT, VT, VF) Congestive cardiac failure Tamponade/ Thromboembolic disorders Rupture (ventricle, septum, papillary muscle) Aneurysm (ventricle) Pericarditis Infaction (a second one) Death/ Dressler's syndrome Myocardial infarction: some emergency treatment drugs ABCD: Aspirin Beta blockers Clot busters (thromboytics) Dynamite (nitrates) Deep venous thrombosis: diagnosis DVT: Dilated superficial veins/ Discoloration/ Doppler ultrasound Venography is gold standard Tenderness of Thigh and calf Myocardial infarctions: treatment INFARCTIONS: IV access Narcotic analgesics (eg morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners Cardiovascular Risk Factors FLASH BODIES: Family history

Lipids Age Sex Homocystinaemia Blood pressure Obesity Diabetes mellitus Inflammation (raised CRP)/ Increased thrombosis Exercise Smoking Buerger's disease features "burger SCRAPS": Segmenting thrombosing vasculitis Claudication (intermittent) Raynaud's phenomenon Associated with smoking Pain, even at rest Superficial nodular phlebitis Alternatively, if hungry for more detail [sic], "CRISP PIG burgers": Chronic ulceration Raynaud's phenomenon Intermittent claudication Segmenting, thrombosing vasculitis Pain, even at rest Phlebitis (superficial nodular) Idiopathic Gangrene