SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI

SUBMITTED BY
ASAD ABDUL KARIM
BS VIII

REPORT ON HURDLES FACED BY TEACHERS IN INCLUSIVE

EDUCATION

DEFENCE AUTHORITY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS

ENROLLMENT NO: - BAC/DACB/4123/2008
SEAT NO: - A30807007

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................ 1

2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2

3.
4.

5.

6.

a. Inclusive Education ........................................................................................... 3

b. Levels of Disability ............................................................................................. 4
c. Inclusive Education in Schools.......................................................................... 4
d. Teachers and Disability ..................................................................................... 4
LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................... 6
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION & THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............... 11
a. Problem Statement .......................................................................................... 12
b. Significance of the study .................................................................................. 12
c. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................... 13
d. Research Objectives ......................................................................................... 14
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & SAMPLING ......................................... 15
a. Type of Research .............................................................................................. 16
b. Research Design .............................................................................................. 16
c. Research Instrument ....................................................................................... 16
d. Data Collection ................................................................................................ 16
e. Measurement Technique ................................................................................. 16
i. Response Format ...................................................................................17
f. Sample Unit ......................................................................................................17
g. Sample Size .......................................................................................................17
h. Sampling Method ............................................................................................. 17
i. Execution of Time and Cost............................................................................. 18
j. Limitations ....................................................................................................... 18
FINDINGS & ANALYSIS .......................................................................19
a. Question#1 ....................................................................................................... 20
b. Question#2 ...................................................................................................... 21
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 2 ........................................................ 22
c. Question#3 ...................................................................................................... 24
d. Question#4 ...................................................................................................... 25
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 4 ........................................................ 26
e. Question#5 ...................................................................................................... 28
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 5 ........................................................ 29
f. Question#6 ...................................................................................................... 31
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 6 ........................................................ 32
g. Question#7....................................................................................................... 34
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 7 ........................................................ 35
h. Question#8 ...................................................................................................... 37
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 8 ........................................................ 38
i. Question#9 ...................................................................................................... 40
i. Hypothesis Testing of Question 9 ........................................................ 41
j. Question#10..................................................................................................... 43

Hypothesis Testing of Question

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The preparation process of this project report has indeed been an experience. Each and
every step has taught me a lot and with the limited time frame of merely three and a half
months, proper time management has been the key to what I have achieved with the
kind contribution and guidance from the followings.
Firstly my teacher Rabia Mansoor Khan has been the guiding force behind my basic
research training. She guided me on every step of the research process on a subject that
was very close to my heart. I am grateful for her kindness.
Secondly I sincerely thank all the heads of the different institutions for co-operating
with me and allowing me to get the questionnaire filled out from selected staff and
faculty members. Also allowing me to get an exposure of their work environment which
enabled me to understand the topic in a better way.
Thirdly I would like to acknowledge Project head Karim Khawaja and Reem Khan,
at Network of Organization Working for Disable people in Pakistan (NOWPDP of
Karachi, for their valuable advice which they had given me for the concept and for
designing the questionnaire for data collection.
Last but not the least I acknowledge and appreciate every participants efforts in playing
a part in my research process and enabling me to write this report.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

a. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:-

When every child is welcomed and valued regardless of ability or disability

Inclusive education, it is an approach of educating students with special needs along

with those students who are not disable. Special students eventually spent most of their
time along with normal kids. Implementation of these practices varies. Schools most
frequently use them for selected students with mild to severe special needs
Inclusive education is not only about education but it is beyond education to society
itself. It welcomes everyone from various communities, background, religious views,
belief and social background. In other words we can say that Inclusive education is a
right of every child living in a society and feel part of a society as well. It no longer
differentiates between a General School and a Special School It focuses on children
learning and playing together and have equal rights.
b. LEVELS OF DISABILITY
There are certain levels of disability which are likely to see in a student. The following
are the major levels of disability
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Intellectual Disability
Physical Disability
Sensory Disability
Learning Difficulties

Intellectual Disability
The term Intellectual disability refers to the problem in reasoning and thinking.
Intellectual disability usually based on an IQ test of a student. The level of disability is
usually classified in the following ways
55-70 IQ: mild intellectual disability
30-54 IQ: moderate intellectual disability
Below 30IQ: severe intellectual disability

PHYSCIAL DISABILITY
The term physical disability refers to difficulty in movement such as walking. However
the difficulty may be in the use of hands or arms as well. Physical disability is congential,
or present at birth

SENSORY DISABILTIY
The sensory disability refers to students having problems of vision or hearing. This is a
severe form in blindness or deafness. Students which have sensory problems attend
classes and they are supported by teachers as well
LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Some children have problems of reading literature and numericals.This is because they
are facing problem of intellectual disability which affects their learning. This learning
difficulty can also be termed as Dyslexia

C. INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

Most schools have established segregated special schools for children with disability.
Inclusive education in schools in one of the most effective way which makes an disable
student use all the facilities used by student without any disabilities, here all students
are treated equally and special students gets the enviournment of understanding how
life is outside his home in other words we can say a special student feels he is part of a
society, he is largely supported by his parents, teachers and peers.
According to UNESCO,(1994)
Regular schools with Inclusive education are the most effective means of combating
discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities and building an inclusive
society
D.TEACHERS AND DISABILITY
There was a time when teachers used to teach students with disability separately but
now teachers