ART 100 Vocabulary Living With Art 9th Edition Chapter #4 Vocabulary Afterimage-an optical phenomenon in which the

eyes nerves continue to convey an image after an initial image has departed and afterimage colors complement the colors of the initial image. Analogous harmonies-any two or more colors that are next to each other on the color wheel and are closely related Atmospheric perspective-the perception of depth in nature can be enhanced by the appearance of atmospheric haze. Chiaroscuro-a word borrowed from the Italian (light and shade or dark) referring to the modeling of volume by depicting light and shade by contrasting them boldly. Chroma-among colors other than those in the black and with scale, the specific combination of colors hue, intensity, and saturation; or the degree of a colors vividness. Color wheel-a radial diagram of colors in which primary & secondary, and sometimes intermediate colors are displayed as an aid to color identification, choosing, and mixing. Complementary harmonies-colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel, such as red and green, blue and orange, and violet and yellow. Contour-the outline and other visible edges of a mass, figure, or object. Cross-hatching-creating tonal and shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines. When more such lines are placed at an angle across the first, it is called cross-hatching. Cool colors-colors having temperatures as cool such as greens, blues, and violets often associated with water, sky, spring, and foliage, and suggest cool temps. Fauves-examples of early 20th Century Art Movement and style of painting in France. French for Wild Beasts was given to artists adhering to this style, because it was felt they used intense colors in a violent uncontrolled way. Henri Matisse was the leader. Figure-the form of a human, an animal, or a thing; most often referring to an entire human form. Foreshortening-a way of representing a subject or object so that it conveys the illusion of depth-so that it seems to thrust forward or go back into space. Ground-a surface to which paint is applied, or the material used to create that surface. Usually specially prepared on its support. Background area in a painting Hatching-creating tonal or shading effects with closely parallel lines Hue-the name of any color as found in its pure state in the spectrum or rainbow, or that aspect of any color Intensity-the brightness or dullness of a hue or color Isometric perspective-a type of visual perspective in which all dimensions parallel to the three-principal spatial axes are shown in their true proportions. Kinetic art-art expressing movement. Sculpture that moves, such as mobile.

Line-a mark with a length and direction(s). An element of art which refers to the continuous mark made on the surface by a moving point. Types include: vertical, horizontal, diagonal, straight, etc. Linear perspective-a system of drawing or painting in which the artist attempts to create the illusion of spatial depth on a two-dimensional surface. Mass-refers to the effect and degree of bulk, density, and weight of matter in space; the area occupied by a form such as building or sculpture. Model-a person who poses for an artist. An artist chooses to refer to a model to inform the choosing of formal and expressive qualities in composition. Monochromatic harmonies-consisting of only a single color or hue; may include its tints and shades Negative shapes-the space and between the subjects of an image. When the space around a subject forms a space; the background space Open palette-palette that contains many colors Optical color mixture-the process by which the eyes blend bits of pure color placed next to each other in an image Outline-a diagram or silhouette made with one line defining the perimeter of a form, flat and two-dimensional Palette-a slab of wood, metal, marble, ceramic, plastic, glass, or paper sometimes with a hole for the thumb which an artist can hold while painting and on which the artist mixes paint Picture plane-in perspective, the plane (a flat level) occupied by the surface of the picture. Its frontal boundary Pointillism-a method of painting developed in France in the 1880s in which tiny dots of color are applied to the canvas. George Seurat was its leading exponent. Positive shapes-occupy positive space. The area inside Primary colors-the colors yellow, red (magenta), and blue (cyan) from which it is possible to mix all the colors of the spectrum. Refracted light-change in direction of light due to change in speed Restricted palette-when an artist restricts the number of colors they use in a painting Saturation-a colors purity of hue; its intensity. A hue pure hue has the highest saturation Secondary colors-the colors obtained by mixing equal amounts of two primary colors Shade-a color to which black or another dark hue has been added to make it darker tending to make them neutral in color Shape-an element of art, it is an enclosed space defined and determined by other art elements such as line, color, value, and texture. Stippling-is a drawing, painting, or engraving method employing dots ratio than lines Tertiary colors-produced by mixing unequal amounts of two primary colors Texture-an element of art, texture is the surface of quality or feel of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. they may be actual or simulated Three-dimensional space-having or appearing to have height, width, and depth. Triadic harmonies-using three different colors in your color scheme with one hue as the dominant hue while the other two colors serve as accent colors Two-dimensional space-space having height and width but not depth Value-an element of art that refers to luminance or luminosity; the lightness or darkness

of a color Warm colors-colors are often described having temperature as warm (reds, oranges, and yellows) Often associated with the fire of the sun; said to be stimulating and passionate; comes toward the viewer. Perspective-the techniques artists use to illustrate an illusion of the three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface; helps create a sense of depth Chapter #5 Definitions Asymmetrical balance-it is the balance that does not weigh equally on both sides Balance-a principle of design, balance refers to the way the elements of art are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work. Composition-the plan, placement, or arrangement of the elements of art in a work Design-a plan or to plan. The organization of composition of a work; the skilled arrangements of its parts. Elements of art and principles of design have been combined to achieve an overall sense of unity Emphasis-any forcefulness that gives importance or dominance to some features of an artwork Focal point-the element in a painting that pulls in the viewers eye, that is the center of attention of the main subject Golden section-used to describe aesthetically pleasing proportioning within a piece. It is an actual ratio. Hierarchical scale-when the size of a figure is determined by social rank Proportion-a principle of design, proportion refers to the comparative, proper, harmonious relationship of one part to another or to the whole with respect to size, quantity, or degree; a ratio Rhythm-design principle based on repetition Scale-a ratio used in determining the dimensional relationship between representation to that which it represents Subordination-when something of lesser importance is next to a more important thing Symmetrical balance-is the most stable in a visual sense. When both sides of an artwork or either side of the horizontal or vertical axis of a picture plane is exactly the same Unity-the quality of wholeness or oneness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of design Variety-a principle of design that refers to a way of combing elements of art involved ways to achieve intricate and complex relationships Visual weight-the ability of a region or art element within a composition to draw attention to itself often created through the use of contrast or through the use of color