ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK TASK 2 / 2012 NAME: NAME: CLASS: CLASS: IC..

NUMBER: IC NUMBER: TEACHER: TEACHER:

CONTENTS NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. TOPICS Title of projects Introduction Acknowle dgement History Objective Section A Section B Conclusion Reflection Rubrics PAGE

INTRODUCTION

TITLE APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN POPCORN PACKAGING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my addit ional mathematics teacher, Puan Rubiah who gave me the opportunity to do this pr oject and help me a lot throughout finishing this project. Without her guide, I may not finish my project and do it properly. Secondly, I would like to thanks m y parents and my family for providing everything, such as money to buy anything that are related to this project and their advises, which is the most needed to do this project. I am grateful for their constant support and help.Not forgotten to my friends who have contributed lots of idea in finding the topic that would be interesting to do and gave their comments on my research. I really appreciat e their kindness and help. Beside that, I want to thanks to the respondents for helping and spending their time to answer my questions for this project. Without respondents, I might not be able to complete this project because their co-oper ation in answering the questions, I have the conclusion for this project. Last b ut not least, I would like to express my thankfulness to those who are involved either directly or indirectly in completing this project. Thank you for all the co-operation given.

HISTORY OF POPCORN Popcorn was first discovered thousands of years ago by Native Americans. It is o ne of the oldest forms of corn: evidence of popcorn from 3600 B.C. was found in New Mexico and even earlier evidence dating to perhaps as early as 4700 BC was f ound in Peru. Some Popcorn has been found in early 1900s to be a purple color. T he English who came to America in the 16th and 17th centuries learned about popc orn from the Native Americans. During the Great Depression, popcorn was comparat ively cheap at 510 cents a bag and became popular. Thus, while other businesses f ailed, the popcorn business thrived and became a source of income for many strug gling farmers. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, c ausing Americans to eat three times as much popcorn than they had before. At lea st six localities (all in the Midwestern United States) claim to be the "Popcorn Capital of the World": Ridgway, Illinois; Valparaiso, Indiana; Van Buren, India na; Schaller, Iowa; Marion, Ohio; and North Loup, Nebraska. According to the USD A, most of the corn used for popcorn production is specifically planted for this purpose; most is grown inNebraska and Indiana, with increasing area in Texas. A s the result of an elementary school project, popcorn became the official state snack food of Illinois, U.S.A.

OBJECTIVES Apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies ti solve routine and non -routine problems. Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas c orrectly and precisely. Increase interest and confidence as well as enhance acqu isition of mathematical knowledge and skills that are useful for career and futu re undertakings. Realize that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in s olving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematic s. Train students not only to be independent learners but also collaborate, to c ooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment. Use tec hnology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively. Train students to appr eciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more creative and innov ative. Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics.

SECTION A

QUESTION 1 For this activity, you will be comparing the volume of 2 cylinders created using the same sheet of paper. You will be determining which dimension can hold more popcorn. To do this, you will have to find a pattern for the dimensions for the containers. Materials : 8.5 x 11 in. white paper, 8.5 x 11 in. colored paper, ta pe, popcorn plate, cup, ruler 1. Take the white paper and roll it up along the l ongest side to form a baseless cylinder that Is tall and narrow. Do not overlap the sides. Tape along the edges. Measure the dimensions with a ruler and record your data below and on the cylinder. Label it Cylinder A. diagram 2. Take the colored paper and roll it up along the shorter side to form a baseless cylinder that is short and stout. Do not overlap the sides. Tape along the edge. Measure the height and diameter with a ruler and record you data below and on t he cylinder. Label it Cylinder B. diagram

ANSWER 1 DIMENSION HEIGHT DIAMETER RADIUS CYLINDER A 11.0 2.6 1.3 CYLINDER B 8.5 3.4 1.7

QUESTION 2 Do you think the two cylinders will hold the same amount? Do you think one will hold more than the other? Which one? Why? ANSWER 2 The two cylinders will hold the different amount. Cylinder B will hold more than Cylinder A. This is because the radius of Cylinder B is longer and this make th e volume is bigger than Cylinder A. Although the height of Cylinder B is shorter than Cylinder A, but this does not affect much compare the affect of different in radius.

QUESTION 3 Place Cylinder B on the paper plate with Cylinder A inside it. Use your cup to p our popcorn into Cylinder A until is full. Carefully, lift Cylinder A so that th e popcorn falls into Cylinder B. Describe what happened. Is Cylinder B full, not full or over flowing? ANSWER 3 Cylinder B is not full. There is still space in the cylinder for more popcorn.

QUESTION 4 a) Was your prediction correct? How do you know? b) If your prediction is incorr ect, describe what actually happened? ANSWER 4 a) Yes, the prediction is correct. It is based on the formula, volume of cylinde r equals to . According to the formula, radius,r has more effect than height,h s ince radius,r is squared. Thus, the Cylinder B with greater radius,r have the gr eater volume,V than Cylinder A. b) Cylinder B has a greater volume than Cylinder A.

QUESTION 5 a) State the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder b) Calculate the volum e of Cylinder A. c) Calculate the volume of Cylinder B. d) Explain why the cylinders do or do not hold the same amount. Use the formula for the formula for the volume of a cylinder to guide your explanation. ANSWER 5 a) V = b) V = = x 1.3 x 11 =58.4 inch c) V = h = x 1.7 x 8.5 = 77.2 inch d) The cylin ders have different radius and heights, so the volumes are different.

Data and Observations: The cylinder with have the greater radius and diameter will have the greater vol ume The radius of Cylinder B is greater than Cylinder A. The volume of Cylinder B is greater than Cylinder A. So, Cylinder B holds more popcorn than Cylinder B. DIMENSION HEIGHT, inch DIAMETER, inch RADIUS, inch VOLUME, inch 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Cylinder A Cylinder B CYLINDER A 11.0 2.6 1.3 58.4 CYLINDER B 8.5 3.4 1.7 77.2 Height,h 11 8.5 Diameter,d 2.6 3.4 Radius,r 1.3 1.7 Volume,V 58.4 77.2

QUESTION 6 Which measurement impacts the volume more : the radius or the height? Work throu gh the example below to help you answer the question. Assume that you have a cylinder with a radius of 3 inches and a height of 10 inc hes. Increase the radius by 1 inch and determine the new volume. Then using the original radius, increase the height by 1 inch and determine the new volume. CYLINDER ORIGINAL INCREASED RADIUS INCREASED HEIGHT RADIUS 3 HEIGHT 10 VOLUME Which increased the dimension had a larger impact on the volume of the cylinder? Why do you think this is true? ANSWER 6 CYLINDER ORIGINAL INCREASED RADIUS INCREASED HEIGHT RADIUS 3 4 3 HEIGHT 10 10 11 VOLUME 282.7 502.7 311 Increasing the radius increased the volume more than increasing the height. This is because the radius is squared to find the volume, which increases its impact on the volume.

SECTION B

QUESTION If you were buying popcorn at the movie theater and wanted the most popcorn, wha t type of container would you look for? Clue : You need more than one type of containers. You are given 300 cm of thin sheet material. Explain the details.

ANSWER 1. Cylinder Container opened top Surface Area = 2 r h + h= = 300 diagram Volume = = h ( ) Maximum Volume = =0 Volume = 563.62

2. Cube Container opened top Surface Area = l + 4l = 300cm 5 l = 300 l = 60 l = 7.75cm diagram Volume = l = (7.75) = 465.48 cm

3. Cuboid Container opened top Assume that length is twice its width or others Surface Area = 2l +4hl = 300cm h= Volume = 2l h = 2l ( Maximum Volume, 2l ( ) =0 )= ( = ( = 150l - l = 150 3l = 0 150 = 3l l = 50 l = 7.07cm Volume = 2lh = 2(7.07)(7.07) 706.79cm h= h = 7.07cm ) ) diagram

4. Cuboid Container opened top Assume that length is equal to its width Surface Area = l + 4hl = 300 h= diagram Volume = l h = l ( ) Maximum Volume, = 75 =0 =0 75 = l = 10 h=5 Volume = 500

5. Hexagon Container opened top Assume that the length of the side = x Area of the base = 6* = 6* = + + Surface Area = 6hx + ( ( ) = 300 ) diagram h= Volume = base area height = h ( = ( ) ) Maximum Volume, = =0 = x = 4.39 h = 9.49 Volume = 475.17

6. Cone Container opened top From the diagram, x = r + h

Surface Area = r x = 300cm r x = 300 r ( r + h) = 90000 h = Volume = r h V diagram Maximum Volume, =0 = 10000 =0 = r = 7.42 h = 10.51 Volume = (7.42) (10.51) = 605.95cm

CONCLUSION Container Cylinder Cube Cuboid 1 Cuboid 2 Hexagon Cone height 5.64 7.75 7.07 5.0 0 9.49 10.51 radius 5.64 7.42 length 7.75 7.07 10.00 4.39(side) width 7.75 14.14 10.00 volume 563.69 465.48 706.79 500.00 475.17 605.95 Shape of containers that give the most popcorn reflect the maximum volume. From the activity earlier, I found that increasing the radius increased the volume more than increasing the h eight. This is because the radius is squared to find the volume, which increases its impact on the volume. From the calculations, it has been found that cuboid1 can be filled in with the most amount popcorn. It followed by cone, cuboid2, an d hexagon. These means that cube is the container that can be filled with the le ast amount of popcorn. Randomly, surveying at the movie theater, no cube or cubo id shapes can be found. Therefore, in this case, the cuboid1 was the most prefer able container that can have the most popcorns. i. You are the popcorn seller, what type of container would you look for? If I was the popcorn seller, I will look for cube shape container. It is because the leas t popcorns will be in. So, I will get the most profit for my sale. Furthermore, it is cute and simple shape. ii. You are the producer of the containers, what type of container would you choose to have the most profit? If I was the producer of the popcorns containers, I wil l look for cylinder shape container. It is because this shape is the easiest pro duction and it takes less effort and also no time consuming to produce.

Volume of container,V (cm) Volume of container Cone 605.95 Hexagon 475.17 Cuboid2 500 Cuboid1 706.79 Cube 465.48 Cylinder 563.69

REFLECTION In the making of this project, I have spent countless hours doing this project. I realized that this subject is a compulsory to me. Without it, I cant fulfill my big dreams and wishes.

I used to hate Additional Mathematics It always make me wonder why this subject i s so difficult It always an absolute obstacle for me Throughout day and night I sac rificed my precious time to have fun From Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Fr iday,,, And even the weekend that I always looking forward to From now on, I will do my best on every second that I will learn Additional Mathematics full of eff ort!