FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR FINDING THE LOCATION OF A NEW NUCLEAR PLANT IN KERALA

MINI PROJECT REPORT Submitted By: PRAVEEN.S, Roll No: 11MBA18P, S2MBA PRASANTH.K.M, Roll No: 11MBA16P, S2MBA Guided By: Dr Suresh Subramanyam

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRTION, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, TRIVANDRUM

INTRODUCTION Kerala being a rapidly progressing state requires energy security for its continued growth .As kerala was blessed with 44 rivers we were depended on hydro electric power for meeting our requirement. But due to the increasing environmental concerns regarding setting up of new hydro electric plants we have to find other sources for clean energy. In that context nuclear energy stands as the best alternate option .This project report studies the suitability of 10 different locations along the coastal area of kerala for setting up a 700 MW nuclear plant based on fast breeder technology which utilizes the thorium fuel available along the coastal line of kerala. The various issues studied are 1. Technical issues a. Seismic Evaluation b. Transmission Access c. Water Availability 2. Community issues a. Demographic Changes b. Exclusion Area c. Emergency Planning

REVIEW OF LITERATURE No previous study has been done in Kerala regarding a nuclear plant. In other parts of India NPCIL (Nuclear power corporation of India limited )has done several feasibility studies. One such study was done in April 2004 at the Jaithapur site in Maharashtra by NPCIL along with Frame Trone. The various Methodologies used by them are followed in this study. In the international level ,the feasibility study done in the Texas gulf coast in USA regarding the selection of best among two sites namely Blue hills site and Comanche peak site. Another study by Nuclear decommissioning agency NDA regarding setting up a plant in the location of the old Cedar Hall power station in UK is also studied

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM All the three potential sites are located near the seashore taking into consideration the following criterions 1.Low inhibition in coastal areas: As coastal areas have the vulnerability to sea attacks and salt content in air the inhibition levels in those areas are minimum. So the amount of rehabilitation required will be minimum . The resistance to the project from the local community will also be minimum. 2.The availability of water: The requirement in terms of water quantity is for condensing steam in the condenser(s). These cooling water requirements typically dwarf other power plant needs in terms of quantity. Therefore, this assessment of water availability assumes that if the cooling water requirement can be met at either of the candidate sites, then the other water requirements can also be met. Assessment of water availability for a power plant involves several considerations. First, will sufficient water be physically present at the source on a consistent and reliable basis? In other words, will enough water be present to meet the power plants needs even during periods of reasonably anticipated droughts? Secondly, can sufficient water rights be obtained to secure the legal use of the water against existing and potential future competing water users. Thirdly, what is required, from the engineering and operations perspectives, to deliver the water supply to the plant? 3.The various social compensation and demographic issues: This include displacement of any family, no of PAPs(Project Affected Persons),compensation, rehabilitation grant, Minimum Lifetime Pension for vulnerable persons etc 4.To minimize environmental impact: The impact of the project on the coastal ecosystem and the coastal zone clearance required for the project, formulation of biodiversity conservation plan

OBJECTIVES 1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES To find the optimum location for the plant from 3 different locations along the coastal line of kerala 2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES A. To find the location having the minimum rehabilitation coast B. To find the availability of water in various sites, which is essential for cooling the condenser C. To find the acceptability of the various social compensation grants within the local community D. To find the Environmental impact of the project on the coastal ecosystem E. To find the Acceptability of people about the various safety features during an emergency

HYPOTHESIS We will use the z test for finding the various population parameters based on data collected through questionnaire and interview .We will use it for finding the number of people affected, the number of people to be relocated, the compensation acceptable to the families, the availability of water, the acceptability of safety features during an emergency etc.

METHODOLOGY 1. Type of study We are using the interview method for preliminary data collection. Then we are using the questionnaire technique for understanding the responses of local people By distributing the various questionnaires having yes or no type answers and multiple answers. Before the questionnaire is distributed brochures are distributed explaining about the various facts affecting the people. Suitable awareness classes are conducted at various locations so that all the people taking part in the study have sufficient knowledge about the project. The questionnaire will include questions like the following 1. If the project comes are you willing to rehabilitate to another place? o Yes o No 2. If you are willing to replace what amount of compensation you want to take from the government ? o Above 10 lakhs o 8 to 10 lakhs o 6 to 8 lakhs o 4 to 6 lakhs o Below 4 lakhs 3.Are you satisfied with the safety factors available at the plant in case of a radiation leak? o Yes o No 4.If you are relocated to the already proposed new location will your traditional livelihood like fishing be affected? o Yes o No 5. Apart from the compensation what are your additional demands?

o Job for any one member of the family in the plant o New houses built at the expense of government o New free education and Hospital facilities for the affected people o Life long pension for the affected 6.Do you believe that if the project comes up it will improve the quality of your life? o Yes o No 2.Area of Study The area of study include 3 locations along the coastal area of kerala Namely Perumathura in Trivandrum District, Chavara in Kollam District and Cherthala in Alappuzha District where the availability of water is the primary reason for selection .Apart from that the comparatively low level of inhibition is another reason for selection. The third reason is the availability of thorium fuel in the coastal area of kerala in the blacksand of the seashore. 3.Universe and Sample The 3 project sites proposed are having an affected population of 28,000(Perumathura), 45,000(Chavara) and 52,000(Cherthala) respectively. A mean sample of 100 persons each from each area are selected for the study. 4.Data collection and Proposed Tools The data collection is through Man to Man Interview ,distribution of questionnaire etc. 5.Data Analysis &Techniques For the data analysis we will prepare graphs, Wen diagrams and Pi diagrams. For the Hypothesis testing we will use z-test and t-test

PILOT STUDY Pilot study is conducted in any one of the location with a comparatively low sample size of 30. We have done the pilot study at the Perumathura location. The data obtained from this pilot study are carefully examined and necessary changes are made in preparation of the questionnaire for the final study.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING We will test 5 hypothesis as given below Hypothesis I Ho: >75%(More than 75% of people are willing to relocate to a nearby location) Ha: <75%( Less than 75% of people are willing to relocate to a nearby location)

Name of location

A B C Average S.D

Mean Value of Percentage of people willing to Relocate, 76 81 83 7.106 avg,

Total number of samples

100 100 100 Total=300

As Ha is one tailed test(in the left tail because it is of less than type)at 10% level of significance .Taking the mean value of resistance =80 with standard deviation =7.106and n=100 assuming the population to be normal we can workout the test static z as under z=

=12.18

As per the normal curve at 10% level of significance z=1.282 So the rejection region is R:z<-1.282 The observed value of z is 12.18 which is in the acceptance region .So we accept the null hypothesis. So Ho:>75%(More than 75% of people are willing to relocate to a nearby location) is accepted The least resistance is from Location C and then B then C

Hypothesis 2 Ho:=60(The safety features in case of a nuclear radiation are acceptable to 60% of the people affected )

Ha: <60(The safety features in case of a nuclear radiation are not acceptable to the people affected) No of people No of people not Total no of accepting(Yes) accepting(No) samples taken A 60 40 100 B 71 29 100 C 65 35 100 average 65.33 34.66 300 Based on the results we accept the null hypothesis using z test. The highest acceptance is from Location B Test statistics We assume that Ho:=60 Ha: <60 So we will apply left tailed z test. From the given information we take standard deviation = 11.09 and n=300 assuming the population to be Location

normal we can workout the test static z as under z=

=8.324

As per the normal curve at 10% level of significance z=1.282 So the rejection region is R:z<-1.282 The observed value of z is 8.32 which is in the acceptance region .So we accept the null hypothesis. So Ho:=60(More than 60% of people are willing to accept the safety features) is accepted The least acceptance is from Location A and then C, then B

Hypothesis 3 Ho: The project will affect the present livelihood of people Ha: The project will not affect the livelihood of people No of people No of people not Total no of accepting(Yes) accepting(No) samples taken A 73 27 100 B 80 20 100 C 60 40 100 Based on the results we accept the null hypothesis using z test .The least affected area is location C Location

Hypothesis 4 Ho:Ho=7( The amount of compensation available 7 lakh is acceptable to the people affected) Ha: Ho>7( The amount of compensation available is not acceptable to the people affected) Total Average No of compensatio sample n needed in s tested lakhs A 12 25 30 23 10 100 7.68 B 20 18 25 15 22 100 8.02 C 5 35 23 16 21 100 8.26 As the sample size is small n=3 and population S.D is not known we shall use t test assuming normal population and shall workout the test static t as under t=

Locatio n

Belo w4 lakhs

4-6 lakh s

6-8 8-10 lakh lakh s s

Abov e 10 lakhs

=1.612

Degree of freedom =n-1=2 As Ho is one sided we shall determine the rejection region by applying one tailed test(right) at 5 % level of significance, and as it comes as under, using table of t distribution to 3 degrees of freedom The rejection region is R:ItI>2.920 As the observed value of t=1.612 is not in the acceptance region we reject Ho and accept Ha: Ho>7 ie, The acceptable compensation is greater than 7 lakhs From table we can find that the compensation offered by government which is 7 lakhs is not acceptable in all the locations .However if the government raises the compensation to 9 lakhs it would be acceptable in all locations.Among the locations the compensation expected is lowest in location A,thenC and then B

Hypothesis 5 Ho: Sufficient water is available at the location for use in the plant Ha: Sufficient water is not available at the location for use in the plant Amount of water available in gallons per year A 230 B 356 C 320 The water availability is highest in Location B. All the locations have water availability greater than the minimum required level of 200 gallons per year Location

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. The study does not focus on the economical and technological aspects like cost of nuclear reactor, nuclear fuel water treatment plants etc. Only the social aspects regarding evacuation of people and water availability are studied. 2. Various environment groups active in these areas may campaign against the project if it materializes. So such kind of study is also not done 3. The environmental clearance which is to be issued by the Ministry of Environment depends largely on the coastal regulation zone. All the 3 locations fall in coastal regulation zone. So such kin of a study has also to be conducted with the help of BNHS and CES etc

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Among all other means of clean energy Nuclear energy is the one having potential to produce largest amount of power from a single location. Even though we are proposing a 700 MW plant the capacity can be extended to around 2000 MW within 5 years. Also the fast breeder technology is becoming cheaper nowadays. So the overall per unit cost of production can be brought down to Rs.6 .The amount of protest against a nuclear project will be lesser to that against a hydro or thermal power plant. Because in nuclear plant no trees are cut no CO2 emission is there. The safety features are much sophisticated now against earthquake or Tsunami.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.www.npcil.org which is the official site of Nuclear power corporation of India 2.Nuclear Prospects of India by S.VENKAT PRABHU published by secom books in 2011 3. Texas Institute for Advancement of Chemical Technology Charles D. Holland, Carla M. Smith 4.EnergyPath Corporation Team Robert B. Graber, John M. Griffin, John R. Redding, Thomas P. Retson