PROPOSAL FOR BIOMASS BASED POWER PROJECT CAPACITY 2.

0 MWe

From M/s. Benti Energies Limited, Accra

PROJECT SUMMARY

A. Objective of the project: To achieve rural level energy self sufficiency through better utilization of locally available fuel resources and thereby improves the standard of living and provides opportunity to promote industries. This waste land Energy Cultivation and Agro Waste to Briquette to Power will raise almost a million more Guineans out of poverty by 2020, improve rural livelihoods significantly, and make a dent in the poverty of the rural Savannah, especially in the North.

B. Key energy issues in Guinea: Future of Guineas energy sector lies in addressing the three key issues listed below: Non-availability or inaccessibility of modern energy sources to a large fraction of the population, Non-affordability of commercial fuels, and High energy import dependence.

Under CAADP (Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Plan) the World Bank in 2007 dedicated its annual world development report to Agriculture. One of the joint activities agreed by UN-Energy is directly related to a major energy-related objective of World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), namely, increasing the proportion of energy obtained from renewable energy sources. While fossil fuel resources in Guinea are very limited it has reasonable resources of biomass, wind, solar and micro hydro. These renewable resources could help to increase the available energy supply, reduce the countrys energy import bill and enhance security of energy supply. This project addresses the opportunity for better utilization of Guineas biomass resource

C. Power Scenario in Guinea: The extreme energy poverty in most African countries is a major opportunity for them to leapfrog into electricity via renewable energy technologies indicates Ansgar Kiene, Coordinator of the African Renewable Energy Alliance. According to the Africa Energy Outlook 2040 by Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), energy demand will grow 8.9% per annum. Also, access to energy is only 39% in Sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting pent-up demand. The two primary markets for energy are industry and households. Most of the major energy projects on the continent are focused on the industry market as governments realize they can generate revenue immediately from industry whereas sufficient revenue from households may have longer time horizons. Also, many of these projects are focused on fossil fuels or hydropower, a renewable energy option but one that has issues of concern like displacement of people and potential environmental degradation. While renewable energy can serve both industry and households, it may be the household or small-scale industry market that causes renewable energy to take off. Ansgar Kiene, Coordinator of the African Renewable Energy Alliance points out that it is quite expensive for governments to connect rural areas to electrical grids. Even if they succeed in connecting all households, the cost of maintenance could easily make it unsustainable. However, many renewable energy options provide off-grid solutions, e.g., solar panels on houses, or even micro-grid solutions using Biomass Gasifier based Power for communities. One issue for implementation of renewable energy technologies is the upfront cost compared to traditional energy options. Kiene suggests that the diesel generation market in Guinea demonstrates that there is enough money to fuel

the renewable energy sector. In Guinea alone, there are over 1 million diesel generators (larger ones used in industry) that are used every day. At a price of $5.00 per gallon and use of two gallons per week (a very low use threshold), this translates to $520 million a year. It can easily be imagined that usage is 10 times as much. If just one years diesel revenue was dedicated to implement renewable energy solutions, there would be enough funds to kick start renewable energy projects across Guinea. Guinea has 5900 MW of installed generating capacity; however, the country is only able to generate 1600 MW because most facilities have been poorly maintained. Guinea's power sector has high energy losses (30 - 35 % from generation to billing), a low collection rate (75 - 80 %) and low access to electricity by the population (36 %). There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and NEPA is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and funding of capital projects by the government. At present only 10 % of rural households and 40 % of the countrys total population have access to electricity? The Guinean Energy Commission and the Solar Energy Society of Guinea have been tasked with generating a solarpowered solution for the remote rural dwellers not served by the national power grid. This is where Biomass Gasifier Technology could be beneficially implemented. It has been reported that NEPA is to be split into 30 units to facilitate its privatization. The current NEPA is to be broken into smaller units to make it more manageable and attractive to investors. The government is seeking independent power producers to generate and sell electricity to NEPA. producers using locally available biomass. Guinea has experienced an energy supply crisis in recent years. Speaking at the workshop on renewable energy development organized by ECN in collaboration with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Abuja, the Director-General of ECN, Prof. Abu-Bakr Sambo said government is This is a tremendous opportunity for Private Players especially small private power

developing a master plan that would enable the exploitation of renewable energy sources in the areas of solar energy, small hydro, wind and biomass energy generating systems. Guineas decision to attain 7 percent renewable energy use by 2025 has been tagged to be a very proactive commitment. An important fact to note is that more than 60 percent of the nations population is not connected to the national grid and the remaining population can only boast of epileptic power supply. Guinea Africas most populous country and second largest economy is underperforming in terms of the provision of power security to its 160 million people. The countrys present over-dependence on gas fired generation plants has resulted in supply disruptions in times of gas shortages which are very common occurrences. The need for alternative power generation options cannot be overstated considering the countrys current demand for power. In 2011, Guinea emerged as the country with the largest gap between demand and supply of electricity in the world according to a progress report submitted by the countrys presidential task force committee on power reforms. This is definitely inadequate to stimulate economic growth.

(Biomass is a natural woody substance available, which stores solar energy by the process: of photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight)

GASIFICATION

BASED

POWER - GENERATION THE TECHNOLOGY

SYSTEM

(Gasifier Technologies offer the possibility of converting Biomass into producer gas, an energy carrier, which can then be burnt for delivering heat or electrical power in an efficient manner).

(Our 2.7 MW Gasifier under Installation) Gasification concept and principle: Biomass is a natural substance available, which stores solar energy by the process of photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. It chiefly contains cellulose. Hemi-cellulose and lignin, with an average composition of C6H10O5 with slight variations, depending on the nature of the biomass. Theoretically, the ratio of air-to-fuel required for the complete combustion of the biomass, defined as stoichiometric combustion is 6:1 to 6.5:1, with the end products being CO2 and H2O. In gasification the combustion is carried at substoichiometric conditions with air-to-fuel ratio being 1.5:1 to 1.8:1. The gas so obtained is called producer gas, which is combustible.

This process is made possible in a device called GASIFIER, in a limited supply of air. A gasifier system basically comprises of a reactor, where the gas is generated, and is followed by a cooling and cleaning system, which cools and cleans the gas. The clean combustible gas is thus available for power generation application.

Uses of producer gas: The producer gas obtained by the process of gasification can have end use either for THERMAL application or for mechanical/ electrical power generation. Like any other gaseous fuel, producer gas has the advantage of better and finer power control when compared to that of solid fuel, in this case solid biomass/wood. This also paves way for more efficient and environment friendly operation. The gas can thus be conveniently used in number of applications, more specifically, (1) Power Generation (2) Thermal Applications. Power generation By using producer gas it is possible to operate a stand-alone producer gas Engine coupled to an Alternator, to produce GRID QUALITY ELECTRICITY. Where diesel engines are available, we can switch to the dual fuel mode with marginal changes to the air inlet .Diesel substitution of the order of 70 to 85% can be obtained at nominal loads in the dual fuel mode... The mechanical energy thus derived can be used either for energizing a water pump for irrigational purpose or coupling with an alternator for electrical power generation, either for local consumption or for grid synchronization. Thermal applications Thermal energy of the order of 4.5 to 5.0 MJ is released, flaring 1 m3 of wood gas in the burner. Flame temperatures as high as 1200oC, can be obtained by optimal premixing of air with gas. For processes, which require thermal energy, gasifiers can be a good option as a gas generator, and retrofitted with existing devices. Such a retrofit is possible in dryers, kilns, furnaces etc where temperatures up to 1100 deg C are required. Apart from these, energy requirements in poultry farms, cold storage Devices (vapour compression refrigerator), rubber industry and so on could be met using biomass gasifiers.

Bio-Mass gasifiers in the Capacity range of 500 KW to 2.0 MW each( which can be linearly multiplied ) have been perfected in India and large number of Small Scale Industries and Villages have benefitted from the Bio-Mass Power availability so far . The Bio-Mass Gasifier Programme has been reoriented with a twin objective of attaining better Quality and favourable Economics. Advantages: The conventional routes for the generation of base load electric power are Thermal, Nuclear and Hydroelectric. The Thermal Route uses non-renewable energy resources such as Coal, Naphtha, Natural Gas and other Petroleum products which have inherent inflation built into their costs in direct proportion to the rate of foreign exchange, the rate of depletion of the resource and the level of scarcity of the fuel feedstock. This route also adds to the net CO2 load in the atmosphere. This route also suffers from high cost of installation per MW, high and rising production cost per unit of electricity, problems of fuel linkage and long gestation of over 5 years. Hydroelectric resources are typically located in hilly and inaccessible terrains and the logistics of their installation and regular operation and maintenance are therefore difficult to manage. Wind systems are very site specific and can promise a plant load factor rarely exceeding 30%. Solar photovoltaic systems have similar features in terms of performance and in addition are at least eight to ten times more expensive for similar performance. The major advantages that Biomass Gasification technology enjoys over other strategies are:

The costs of installation per we are about the same as for large power levels (of the order of hundreds of MWs) and the plant load factor is about the same as for large thermal power plants, since the biomass is essentially stored solar energy that can be harvested throughout the year.

Also when the power generation package is suitably selected, the cost of energy is perhaps the generation strategies. lowest amongst all the power

Hence it provides a sustainable, affordable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel based power plants at low power levels. Therefore, it improves the countrys energy self-reliance and reduces the crippling oil import bill.

The entire project is additionally positioned such that it is carbondi-oxide neutral and generates very little sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides compared to coal based power plants.

The process produces very low emissions of un-burnt primary fuel and no fly ash, since the solid fuel is subjected to multistage thermochemical conversion process. Carbon trading/CO2 benefits. Financial benefit:

This arises from the fact that the net savings on the energy cost are lower compared to the grid or use of fossil fuel technology. Employment generation potential: Power generation is a chain of activities related to operation, maintenance, fuel collection, fuel preparation, ash handling and related issues. These activities involve use of man power at various capacities. With the focus being power plant where the deliverables are clearly identified, many of the activities which are at present less organized would move towards being professionals. One of the areas where the main focus would be is towards the

procurement of biomass in a sustainable manner and of this kind of exercise. Along with this the economics of the biomass sector would improve.

Basis of Offer Terms of reference Further to the discussions we had with Mr.Oyenuga Kayode, we are enclosing a proposal for 2 MWe of power generation to be fed to the grid and if required utilization of associated thermal energy for purpose of refrigeration/chilling and/or Water Purification, but not included in our proposal. PLANT AND MACHINERY Main Plant and Machinery will comprise: 1. Biomass Gasifier 2. Gas Engines of combination DELIVERABLES: 2 Nos x 1250 kg/hr 1 Nos. x 1970 kW each or any other suitable

The proposal envisages supply of plant and machinery capable of delivering the following: Peak power output Rated power capacity Captive consumption Net power output Power output Thermal energy 2,000 Kwe 1970 kWe + 5% 250 Kwe + 10 % 1,720 Kwe 11,500,000 +200,000 units equal to 400 Tons of Refrigeration

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GASIFIER Gasifiers will conform to specifications drawn up by I.I.Sc and manufactured to drawings provided by them. It is specially designed and developed and has state-of-the-art Technology, incorporating a patented system. The gasifier will also include the following sub-systems: 1. Cooling System The cooling system would consist of direct and indirect coolers and would include a chilling plant designed to assist the cleaning operations. 2. Cleaning system: The cleaning system would include de-misters; fabric filters and / or an appropriate combination. 3. Flare system: Flare system for gas ignition prior to system

stabilization. 4. Measurement system: Consisting of pressure gauges, temperatures indicator and oxygen analyzers. 5. Gasifier Control: Complete automation of start-up operation and shut down sequence including pneumatically actuated devices for top cover lifting, biomass conveyor chute retraction system, Butterfly control valve for Flare system and Main Burner.

6.

Electrical System: Gasifier Auto / Manual control system consisting of PLC based control desk with instrumentation, Motor control center and push button station for local operations with complete built in safety features as per IS standards. (Complete plant automation with SCADA can also be considered at the clients option)

7. Biomass processing system: This will include Rotary sieve for Biomass cleaning and Biomass drying equipment. 8. Biomass Conveyor System: The gasifier system will include a hoist, which will carry the biomass from the ground level to the top of the gasifier. Other conveying systems required to convey the biomass from the feed preparation section to the gasifier bottom are not included, as they will depend on the site conditions and have been included separately in the project cost. 9. Water treatment and recycling system: The cooling water from the direct coolers shall be treated to remove tar and other suspended matter for recycling into the system 10. Biomass preparation system:

This would be Saw Cutter or Cutting machine, dryer accessories etc. depending on the type of biomass. In addition to the above, the following ancillary equipments and items will be required and considered separately in the project. 11. Electrical System: This would cover requirements for feeding the power generated to the point of consumption or the grid depending on the project requirement. Electrical systems relating to the gasifier, accessories and engine controls are however included in Our Supply Scope...

Salient Features of the system are given below Open top, twin air entry system, which ensures a better thermal environment compared to the conventional closed top model. Multi-fuel capability wood residues and agro residues in briquetted form with moisture content less than 10%. Permits high gasification efficiency above 85%, with biomass consumption between 0.8 kg to 1.2 kg/KWH Producer gas generated is of a very high quality. It is environment sound with low NOx in the engine exhaust. The gasifier is robust in construction with ceramic lining inside. Gas Engines Producer Gas Engines Generating Sets are now available from a number of large players and bearing capacity. have unique features, with proven technology providing Some of the Gas Engine suppliers that we use are: GE high engine performance, fuel economy, load emission and greater load Jenbacher, Cummins, Waukesha and Schmitt. Civil Works & Foundation All necessary civil works pertaining to the project and foundation for the major equipments will be handled by and responsibility of the Client. M/s. Acclaim Technology Services will arrange necessary drawings and specifications. About 15,000 Sq.ft of covered area including temporary raw material storage will be required. Scope of Services Acclaim Technology Services shall undertake turnkey services for the plant. Services shall include: a. Procurement and supply of complete plant and machinery b. Erection, Integration and Commissioning Services c. Complete Project Management Services d. Assistance in recruitment and training of manpower in plant operation

SCOPE OF SUPPLY Supply ATS Client X X X X X X X X

Bio mass processing Biomass cutter Belt conveyor Rotary Sieve Holding bin Screw conveyer Drier Drier blower Drier insulated ducting

Qty 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 lot

Gasifier Reactor Shell Main Screw Assembly Wet extraction Multi-clone Raw water scrubber Chilled water scrubber Moisture traps Fabric filter Filter internals incl. Fabric Water tanks/dumpsGasifier Structure Top cover system SS Ducting Air nozzles+ water piping Fasteners Top feeding arrangements Platform gratings Refractory Brick lining Stand by chilling plant- 10 TR Blowers Air compressor+ piping Hoist Pneumatic items Inverters Oxygen monitor Electrical and instrumentation PLC cont. panel Laboratory equipment Flare burner system

Qty 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 8 8 sets 8 1 set 2 1 lot 2 sets 1 lot 2 1 set 1 set 1 3 1 1 1 set 3 2 1 set 1 set 1 lot 2

ATS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Client

Note: Acclaim reserves the

right to change the scope of supply and the configuration without in any way compromising the deliverables Clients scope a) All civil constructions/foundations masonry tanks and sumps b) All bulk raw material handling c) Transportation of material d) Unloading of equipment at site e) All insurance from dispatch till erection f) Start-up power, lighting and water for erection and site fabrication wherever required g) Transport & Accommodation at site for workforce during erection h) Responsibility for obtaining statutory clearances i) Absorption chiller for clients application

Expected output: Each 2 MW power plant will annually generate about 15 million units-kw (50400 GJ) of energy. This is equivalent to the per capita consumption of 4200 persons at the 2005 level of 12 GJ per capita.

The project will provide direct employment to about 100 persons Energy plantation - 60 persons Power plant - 40 persons

The project will save direct import of 3500 kl of fossil fuel annually.

The project will reduce 12500 t CO2 emissions annually

Delivery: Within 24-30 weeks from date of order with advance for gasifier and accessories and engines as per engine suppliers terms

BOUNDARY LIMITS FOR GASIFIER SUPPLY

Exhaust gas piping

Bio mass cutter Bio mass Water treatment

Drier

Biomass sieve & Conveyors

Gasifier and accessories Make up Water power & Chemicals charcoal start up

VAM

Engine & Accessories

Electrical Evacuation

MECHANISM FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATING PROGRESS OF THE PROJECT

Complete project schedule will be uploaded on View path and updated daily so that all project stake holders will be able to access the same and monitor the progress.