1) What is the maximum size of the sam database in winnt and NTDS.

Dit in wi ndows 2000 40 MB and 10 MB 2) Roles playing by the PDC and BDC in winnt

PDC: PDC is responsible for maintaining the domain security database. This datab ase is called the security Account Manager(SAM). The SAM contains all user accou nts & their associated information. such as Username, the user's full name, Desc ription,password and so on. as well account restrictions.( such as account disab led ,logon times). There is one server per domina acts as PDC. The first windows NT server in a dom ainmust be the PDC and its role is determined during installation. PDC holds the read/write copy of SAM database. BDC:BDC contains read only copy of SAM database and assists the PDC in authentic ating users whether the PDC is simply busy or not available. BDC can also be used for disaster recovery in the event of PDC is unavailable. A BDC can be promoted the PDC for the domain. Once the promotion is completed the New PDC( Formerly BDC) will hold the read /write copy of SAM database of the do main. So what happens to the former PDC? Well it depends on the operational state of o ld PDC. If the PDC was fully operational( Up and running onthe network). The PDC is automaticallydemoted to a BDC when the new PDC is promoted.If the PDC was no t operational,it will still think it is the PDCwhen is brought backup.In this ca se the Netlogon service will be automatically disabled once it detects the new P DC.After the netlogon service is diabled the server cannot authenticate user log ons or participate in domain security. The administrator would then the option t o go into the server manager utility to demote the PDC to a BDC. 3) What are the RAID levels found in winnt

Windows NT Server supports RAID 1 (disk mirroring) and RAID 5 (stripe sets with parity check). NT also supports RAID 0, which is striping without parity; howeve r, RAID 0 doesn t offer data redundancy. 4) 5) NO Windows 2000 introduced disk quotas for NTFS volumes. This feature is great, exc ept for one drawback: You assign disk quotas by username, not by group membershi p. This limitation complicates disk quota management you need to create and delete quotas for individual users; you can't manage quotas for groups of users. If yo u have more than a few user accounts, managing them gets unwieldy. However, you can use scripting to get around this limitation. 6) How administrator can log in to a domain even I a global catlog not pres ent in a native mode. If a GC server cannot be located by the domain controller during this process: If the account that is used is the built-in Administrator account (RID 0x1F4 or What is the maximum BDCS can be installed in a NT Domain Can we apply diskquota for a winnt user

decimal 500), Windows 2000 allows the logon to take place without the domain con troller contacting a GC. 7) What is the default time for the kcc to check whether replication topolo gy working or not? 5 minutes 8) Difference between SID & GUID

GUIDs are always 16 bytes and are basically just a unique identifier. SID are s ecurity identifiers and are associated with security principals (users,groups, d omains, etc.). Not all objects in AD have a SID, but all have a GUID.A SID is v ariable length (typically 28 bytes in AD) and is a kind of hierarchical structur e of issuing authorities and sub authorities. 9) Difference between DISTINGUISHED NAME & RELATIVE DISTINGUISHED NAME

LDAP Allows queries and updates to take place in AD Directory services(DS).Objec ts in an LDAP-compliant directory must be uniquely identified by a naming path t o the object.These naming paths take two forms. Distinguished Names and Relative Distinguished Names. Distinguished Names:Distinguished Names of an object in AD DS is represented by the entire naming path that the object occupies in AD DS,the user named Joe Grga s can be represented by the following Distinguished Names CN-Joe Grgas,OU=Newcastle,DC=Companyabc,DC=com Relative Distinguished Names: The Relative Distinguished Names of an object is b asically a truncated Distinguished Nathin a set container. OU=Newcastle,DC=Companyabc,DC=com 10) 40000 11)What Is the Global Catalog? The global catalog provides the ability to locate objects from any domain withou t having to know the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition to its full, wr itable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only repl ica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest. The additional domai n directory partitions are partial because only a limited set of attributes is i ncluded for each object. By including only the attributes that are most used for searching, every object in every domain in even the largest forest can be repre sented in the database of a single global catalog server ******************************************************************************** * A Fat partition can be safely converted to NTFS, using the "convert.exe" command . How many objects can be created in windows nt

Here's the syntax: CONVERT drive: /fs:ntfs [ /v] drive = the drive you want to convert /v = means run in kerbose mode ******************************************************************************** User Principal Name A user principal name (UPN) is a logon name that takes the form of an e-mail add ress. ______________________________________________ Default types of cluster resources Physical Disk IP Address Network Name Generic Services Generic Script File share _______________________________________________________ Active directory Group Policies GP Update RAID DNS & WINS Stub Zone Clustering How many IP add in 2 node cluster Quorom drive ? Networking Routeing & Switches ------------------------------------------------------------------Identify the domain controller that has the PDC emulator role. From the command line of any domain controller, run dsquery server hasfsmo pdc

-------------------------------------------------------------------Verify that Active Directory replication is working properly. On the domain cont roller holding the PDC emulator role, run repadmin /showreps servername --------------------------------------------------------What is difference between NTFS & FAT32? NTFS stands for new technology file system or network technology file system. In

NTSF partition size can be of 2 TB or more. and file size can be 16 TB. file/fo lder encryption is done. and it supports file name character upto 255. FAT32 stands for File allocation table. in FAT32 partition size can be Upto 2 TB . and file size can be 4 GB. file/folder encryption is not possible in FAT32. an d it supports file name character upto 8.3. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------What is difference between Global catalog and infrastructure master? 1. GC holds group membership of universal group. while Infrastructure hold group information in domain level. 2. We can't set infrastucture mastre and GC together on same DC. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------If infrastructure master and GC is on the same server then infrastructure will n ot function because it will never find the data that is out of date. _____________________________________________________________------------------------What is the difference between linux and windows operating systems? Linux:It is an open source software free of cost and the source code will be available for linux os. Microsoft Windows:It is a proprietary os, it doesn't contain source code. We have to pay cost for the original os. ------------------------------------------------------------------Advantages and disadvantages of windows and Linux os, what is the reason for usi ng linux os than windows os. ADVANTAGE OF LINUX : 1.The majority of Linux variants are available for free or at a much lower price than Microsoft Windows. 2.Linux is and has always been a very secure Operating System. Although it still can be attacked when compared to Windows, it much more secure. 3. The majority of Linux variants and versions are notoriously reliable and can often run for months and years without needing to be rebooted. DISADVANTAGE OF LINUX : 1.Although the majority Linux variants have improved dramatically in ease of use , Windows is still much easier to use for new computer users. 2.Linux has a large variety of available software programs, utilities, and games . However, Windows has a much larger selection of available software. 3.Linux companies and hardware manufacturers have made great advancements in har dware support for Linux and today Linux will support most hardware devices. Howe ver, many companies still do not offer drivers or support for their hardware in Linux. ADVANTAGE OF WINDOWS : 1.Microsoft has made several advancements and changes that have made it a much e asier to use Operating System, and although arguably it may not be the easiest O

perating System, it is still Easier than Linux. 2.Because of the large amount of Microsoft Windows users, there is a much larger selection of available software programs, utilities, and games for Windows. 3.Microsoft Windows includes its own help section, has vast amount of available online documentation and help, as well as books on each of the versions of Windo ws. DISADVANTAGE OF WINDOWS : 1.Microsoft Windows can run between $50.00 - $150.00 US dollars per each license copy. 2.Although Microsoft Windows has made great improvements in reliability over the last few versions of Windows, it still cannot match the reliability of Linux. 3.Although Windows does have software programs, utilities, and games for free, t he majority of the programs will cost anywhere between $20.00 - $200.00+ US doll ars per copy. 4.Although Microsoft has made great improvements over the years with security on their Operating System, their Operating System continues to be the most vulnerable to viruses and other attacks. --------------------------------------------------------------What is the difference Xp and Windows 2000?? Windows XP is some what faster than Windows 2000, assuming you have a fast proce ssor and tons of memory (although it will run fine with a 300Mhz Pentium II and 128MB of RAM). The new Windows XP interface is more cheerful and colorful than earlier versions , although the less-cartoony "Classic" interface can still be used if desired. Windows XP has more bells and whistles, such as the Windows Movie Maker, built-i n CD writer support, the Internet Connection Firewall, and Remote Desktop Connec tion. Windows XP has better support for games and comes with more games than Windows 2 000. Windows XP is the latest OS - If you don't upgrade now, you'll probably end up m igrating to XP eventually anyway, and we mere mortals can only take so many OS u pgrades. Manufacturers of existing hardware and software products are more likely to add Windows XP compatibility now than Windows 2000 compatibility. -------------------------------------------Difference between Windows xp and 2000 Windows 2000 No in built firewall. No remote desktop connection. Classic theme. No windows movie maker. Windows XP:In built firewall. Remote desktop connection. New trendy look. Windows movie maker. -----------------------------------------------------------------------

What gets copied to the ERD floppy? autoexec.nt, config.nt, & setup.log. Setup.log contains CRC data for core w2k f iles. Windows 2000 recovery processes use this file to detect changes to core fi les. As in Windows NT, the ERD is usable only on the PC it was created on. What is a cluster? A cluster is a group of independent computers working together as a single syste m to ensure that mission-critical applications and resources are as highly-avail able as possible. The group of computers is managed as a single system, it shar es a common namespace, and it is specifically designed to tolerate component fai lures. A cluster supports the addition or removal of components in a way that's transparent to users. Clustered applications have several advantages: fault-tol erance, high-availability, scalability, simplified management and support for ro lling upgrades as well as other planned maintenance activities, to name a few. What are the different types of clustering? High Performance Computing (HPC) High Performance Computing (HPC or Super Computing) is currently getting a lot o f press (http://www.redmondmag.com/news/article.asp?EditorialsID=6746). You need 64-bit hardware, but according Microsoft that will be all the rage in very shor t order. Microsoft has an array of 64-bit production and Operating Systems. Wind ows XP 64-bit has been out for quite sometime now (http://www.microsoft.com/tech net/prodtechnol/winxppro/evaluate/xp64ovw.mspx). Windows Server 2003 has a large number of 64-bit editions (http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/64bit/d efault.mspx). When Windows Server 2003, Compute Cluster Edition (CCE) comes out, the HPC part of clustering will take a giant leap. Windows Load Balancing Service (WLBS) WLBS is a load balancing feature for Windows NT TCP/IP applications that support s load balancing and clustering for web-based services such as Internet Informat ion Server (web, FTP, etc.), streaming media, virtual private networking (VPN), and Microsoft Proxy Server. WLBS was formerly a product called Convoy Cluster S oftware by Beaverton, Oregon company Valence Research, Inc. Microsoft acquired Valence Research on August 25, 1998. Both microsoft.com and msn.com used WLBS ( now NLB, see below) to manage the high volume of traffic that these sites get. WLBS is a free download for Windows NT 4.0 Enterprise Edition users. Network Load Balancing (NLB) NLB is defined as a distributed algorithm to load balance network traffic across a number of hosts, helping to enhance the scalability and availability of missi on critical, IP-based services, such as Web, Virtual Private Networking, Streami ng Media, Terminal Services, Proxy, etc. It also provides high availability by d etecting host failures and automatically redistributing traffic to operational h osts. (http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/technologie s/clustering/nlbfaq.mspx). This form of clustering is becoming popular with the growth of web server farms. Formerly known as Windows Load Balancing, Network Lo ad Balancing is the name of the TCP/IP application load balancing software in Wi ndows 2000 Advanced Server and Datacenter Server, and in all editions of Windows Server 2003. NLB clusters distribute client connections over multiple servers, providing scalability and high availability for TCP/IP-based services and appli cations. Component Load Balancing ("CLB") CLB is also known as Application Load Balancing, and sometimes as COM+ Load Bala ncing. It is a way for developers to code COM+ components for use by multiple a

pplication servers. CLB provides scalable, reliable and load-balanced activatio n of COM+ objects across application-cluster members in a manner transparent to clients. This enables virtualization of an application much in the same what th at NLB and Server Clusters virtualize servers. A primary CLB servers watches f or application server failures and automatically moves the affected objects to a nother cluster member. What is meant by fault tolerance? Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to continue functioning when part of it fails (e.g., experiences a fault). This term is used to describe disk subsyst ems (e.g., RAID), symmetric multiple processors (SMP), redundant power supplies (with separate power sources), uninterruptible power supplies, redundant network adapters, etc. Fault tolerance is designed to alleviate the problems caused by component failures, power outages, or other like occurrences. Computers contain many moving parts, and moving parts will eventually fail.

What is the difference Xp and Windows 2000?? Windows XP is some what faster than Windows 2000, assuming you have a fast proce ssor and tons of memory (although it will run fine with a 300Mhz Pentium II and 128MB of RAM). The new Windows XP interface is more cheerful and colorful than earlier versions , although the less-cartoony "Classic" interface can still be used if desired. Windows XP has more bells and whistles, such as the Windows Movie Maker, built-i n CD writer support, the Internet Connection Firewall, and Remote Desktop Connec tion. Windows XP has better support for games and comes with more games than Windows 2 000. Windows XP is the latest OS - If you don't upgrade now, you'll probably end up m igrating to XP eventually anyway, and we mere mortals can only take so many OS u pgrades. Manufacturers of existing hardware and software products are more likely to add Windows XP compatibility now than Windows 2000 compatibility. ---------------------------------------------------------------Which file system allow as much fragmentation FAT32 or NTFS? NTFS allows much Fragmentation,while compared to FAT32. -------------------------------------------------What do you mean by windows firewall in os? firewall means in any operating system it's give the protetection then the firew all gives the protection of the os -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Identify the domain controller that has the PDC emulator role. From the command

line of any domain controller, run dsquery server hasfsmo pdc Verify that Active Directory replication is working properly. On the domain cont roller holding the PDC emulator role, run repadmin /showreps servername What is difference between NTFS & FAT32? NTFS stands for new technology file system or network technology file system. In NTSF partition size can be of 2 TB or more. and file size can be 16 TB. file/fo lder encryption is done. and it supports file name character upto 255. FAT32 stands for File allocation table. in FAT32 partition size can be Upto 2 TB . and file size can be 4 GB. file/folder encryption is not possible in FAT32. an d it supports file name character upto 8.3. What is difference between Global catalog and infrastructure master? 1. GC holds group membership of universal group. while Infrastructure hold group information in domain level. 2. We can't set infrastucture mastre and GC together on same DC. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------If infrastructure master and GC is on the same server then infrastructure will n ot function because it will never find the data that is out of date. _____________________________________________________________ What is the difference between linux and windows operating systems? Linux:It is an open source software free of cost and the source code will be available for linux os. Microsoft Windows:It is a proprietary os, it doesn't contain source code. We have to pay cost for the original os.