Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams

CEEN 3304 Concrete Design
Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams

Assistant Professor Civil and Architectural Engineering Program Texas A&M University Kingsville
Francisco Aguiga
Page 1
Stress distributions
Page 2
Concrete beam behavior
Page 3
Composite beams
Satisfy Mint = M, and P = 0
Page 4
Composite beams
dF = dA = (E1)dzdy dF = dA = (E2)ndzdy Equating dF and dF n = E1/E2 The force in material 1 is dF = dA = dA dzdy = ndzdy = n
Page 5
Uncracked concrete beams
Page 6
Stresses in uncracked beam
Page 7
Stresses in uncracked beam
Page 8
Stresses on cracked beam
1. Find neutral axis 2. Find Icr 3. Find stresses

Page 9
Stresses on cracked beam

M = Cjd = fc f bkdjd = c kjbd 2 2 2
fc =
2M kjbd 2
=
b
As bd
(kd )2
2
nAs (d kd ) = 0
M = Tjd = As f s jd
fs = M As jd
k=
(n )2 + 2 n n
kd 3
f C = c bkd 2
jd = d
T = As f s
j = 1
k 3
Page 10
Design aids
Page 11
Example 3.2
Page 12
Ultimate flexural strength

Steel fails when fs = fy Concrete fails when c = u = 0.003 Knowing c need to know: C and
Page 13

0.72 0.56 0.425 0.325
Page 14
Page 15
Page 16
Example 3.3
Page 17

Whitneys equivalent rectangular stress block
Page 18
Rectangular stress block
Page 19
Rectangular stress block
Page 20
10
Moment capacity of beams
Page 21
Design aids resistance factor
Page 22
11
Example 3.4
Solve the same beam using the rectangular stress block
Page 23
Limiting reinforcement ratios
Page 24
12
ACI strength reduction factors

ACI (9.3.2) Tension-controlled failure
When c = 0.003, s > 0.005, So = 0.9
Compression-controlled failure
When c = 0.003, s < y = 0.002, So = 0.65
Transition-controlled failure
When c = 0.003, y < s < 0.005 So = A1 + B1t
A1 = 0.00325 0.9 y 0.005 y
B1 =
0.25 0.005 y
Page 25
ACI strength reduction factors

Tension-controlled failure
When c = 0.003, s > 0.005 So = 0.9 tc
Compression-controlled failure
When c = 0.003, s < y So = 0.65 bal max
Transition-controlled failure
When c = 0.003 We have y < s < 0.005 So = A1 + B1t
Page 26
13
ACI transition-controlled failure

Reason for limiting t > 0.004 in tension-controlled failure (ACI 10.3.5)
=
As bd
bal =
0.85 1 f c' 0.003 fy 0.003 + t
In 2002 ACI code

Limit to max to 0.75bal Results in t = 0.00376, so limit t to 0.004 End up with max < 0.75bal
Page 27
ACI tension-controlled failure

From
c 0.003 = d t 0.003 + t
For t = 0.004, c/dt = 3/7 And cmax = 3/7 dt So amax = 1cmax = 3/71dt So max = 0.364 1 fc/fy (dt/d)
Page 28
14
ACI tension-controlled failure

From
c 0.003 = d t 0.003 + t
For t = 0.005, c/dt = 3/8 And cmax = 3/8 dt So amax = 1cmax = 3/81dt So max = 0.319 1 fc/fy (dt/d)
Page 29
ACI minimum reinforcement

ACI 10.5.1 requires that
As ,min = 3 f c' fy bw d 200 bw d fy
Page 30
15
Example - analysis
Page 31
Example - analysis
Page 32
16
Design of R/C beams

ACI 9.5.2.1 minimum span/depth ratios for beams
Page 33
Design of R/C slabs

ACI 9.5.2.1 minimum span/depth ratios for one-way slabs
Page 34
17
Design of R/C beams

Selection of width ACI 7.6.1, 7.6.2, and 3.3.2 Minimum space for single layer bars
smin = largest of (db or 1 in. or max aggregate size)
Page 35
Design of R/C beams

Minimum space for multiple layers of bars
Bars in upper layer placed directly above bottom layer Clear distance between layers > 1 in. Also satisfy single layer requirements
Page 36
18
Design of R/C beams

Minimum cover
Cast in place concrete protection
in. for slabs and 1 in. for beams and columns
Exposed to weather or in contact with soil

Cover > 2 in. Concrete cast directly on ground - cover >= 3 in.
Page 37
Design of R/C beams

Minimum width
Usually #3 or #4 are used for stirrups Minimum cover for bars in beam is 1.5 in. bmin = 2 x 1.5 in. + 2 x 1/2in. + 4 x 1 in. + 3 x 1 in. = 11 in.
Page 38
19
Design example 1
Page 39
Design example 1
Page 40
20
Design example 1
Page 41
Design example 1
Page 42
21
Design example 2
Page 43
Design example 2
As = 0.0124 x 13 x (28 2.5) = 4.11 in.2
Page 44
22
T-beams
Effective flange width beams with slab on both sides (ACI 8.10)
beff < span of beam Eff. overhang width on each side < 8 hf and clear distance to next web
Effective flange width beams with slab on one side only (ACI 8.10)
Effective overhang width less than
1/12 span of beam 6 hf and clear distance to next web
Page 45
T-beams
Page 46
23
T-beams
Page 47
T-beams
Page 48
24
T-beams
Page 49
25

Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams

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Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams

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CEEN 3304 Concrete Design

Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams

Concrete beam behavior

Uncracked concrete beams

Stresses in uncracked beam

Stresses in uncracked beam

Stresses on cracked beam

1. Find neutral axis 2. Find Icr 3. Find stresses

Stresses on cracked beam

Ultimate flexural strength

Ultimate flexural strength

Ultimate flexural strength

Ultimate flexural strength

Ultimate flexural strength

Rectangular stress block

Rectangular stress block

Moment capacity of beams

Design aids resistance factor

Limiting reinforcement ratios

ACI strength reduction factors

ACI strength reduction factors

ACI transition-controlled failure

0.85 1 f c' 0.003 fy 0.003 + t

In 2002 ACI code

ACI tension-controlled failure

ACI tension-controlled failure

ACI minimum reinforcement

Design of R/C beams

Design of R/C slabs

Design of R/C beams

Design of R/C beams

Design of R/C beams

Exposed to weather or in contact with soil

Design of R/C beams

As = 0.0124 x 13 x (28 2.5) = 4.11 in.2

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