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UNIT III Part - A 1. What is meant by Nozzle? 2. Name the types of nozzle? 3. Define: Coefficient of nozzle of nozzle efficiency?

? 4. Write an equation for exit velocity of steam through nozzle? When i. initial velocity is negligible ii. initial velocity is consider 5. Write an equation for mass of steam discharged through nozzle? 6. Define Critical Pressure ratio and write a related formula? 7. Write a formula for maximum discharge through a nozzle? 8. State the value of critical pressure ratio when i. the steam is initially saturated ii. the steam is initially superheated iii. the steam is initially wet 9. State the physical significance of critical pressure ratio? Answer: i. The critical pressure ratio gives the velocity of steam at the throat equal to the velocity of sound. ii. The flow in the convergent portion os the nozzle is sub-sonic and in the divergent portion it is supersonic. iii. To increase the velocity of steam above sonic velocity(supersonic) by expanding steam before the critical pressure, the divergent portion for the nozzle in necessary. 10. Define supersaturated flow? 11. Define the term: Degree of under cooling & Degree of super saturation Answer: i. Degree of undercooling: The difference between supersaturated temperature and saturation temperature at same constant pressure.(Tsuper Tsat) ii. Degree of Supersaturation: The ratio of pressure corresponding to the temperature at supersaturation to the pressure corresponding to the temperature at saturation condition (Psuper / Psat). 12. State the effects of super saturation? 13. What is meant by steam turbine? 14. Define the term Impulse turbine? 15. Classify the steam turbine? 16. Draw the velocity triangle for impulse turbine and state the various velocities? 17. Draw the combined velocity triangle for impulse turbine? 18. Define the term: Blade velocity coefficient or coefficient of velocity or friction factor. 19. State the condition of axial discharge at outlet of the turbine? 20. What is mean by multistage turbine? 21. Define the term Reaction turbine? 22. Define: Degree of reaction and Re-heat factor? 23. Define the following efficiency: Diagram or Blading efficiency, Cross of Stage Efficiency, Nozzle Efficiency. 24. What is mean by compounding? 25. Name the types of compounding? 26. What is mean by Governing of the turbine? 27. State the advantages of reheating of the steam? 28. Define dryness fraction?

Part - B 1. Explain the working principle of Steam nozzle (Convergent , Divergent, and convergentDivergent) 2. Explain the uses of steady flow energy equation and derive the expression for exit velocity of nozzle by considering with and without initial velocity? 3. Show that for maximum discharge through nozzle the ratio of the throat pressure to the inlet pressure is given by { 2/(n+1)}[n/n+1], where n is the isentropic index of expansion. 4. Briefly discuss the physical significance of critical pressure ratio? 5. Explain the supersaturated flow or metastable flow of steam through nozzle and state their effects? 6. With neat sketch explain the working principle of impulse turbine and show the changes of pressure and velocity? 7. Explain the velocity triangle for moving blade of an impulse turbine and also discuss its combined velocity triangle? 8. With neat sketch explain the working principle of reaction turbine and show the changes of pressure and velocity? 9. Distinguish between Impulse and Reaction turbine? 10. With neat sketch briefly explain the various methods of compounding of turbine? 11. Explain with neat sketch the working of the method of governing of steam turbine?

UNIT IV Part - A 1. What is meant by Air compressor? 2. Classify the air compressor 3. Define the following terms: Inlet pressure, Discharge Pressure, Free air Delivery, Swept volume, Compressor capacity, Compressor ratio (pressure ratio) of the air compressor 4. Write the formula for work done of single stage and single acting reciprocating air compressor without considering clearance volume, if the compression is i. Isothermal (T=C), ii. Polytropic (PVn = C), iii. Isentropic (PV = C) 5. Write the formula for the power of the reciprocating air compressor with i. Single acting ii. Double acting 6. Write the formula for work done of single stage and single acting reciprocating air compressor with considering the clearance volume. 7. What is mean by multistage reciprocating air compressor? 8. State the disadvantages of using single stage reciprocating air compressor over multistage reciprocating air compressor? 9. State few Advantages of using multistage reciprocating air compressor? 10. What is use of intercooler in multistage reciprocating air compressor? 11. State the assumption made in two-stage reciprocating air compressor? 12. What is mean by complete (Perfect) and incomplete (imperfect) inter cooling? 13. Write the formula for work done of two-stage and single acting reciprocating air compressors with Perfect inter cooling? 14. Write the formula for work done of two-stage and single acting reciprocating air compressors with imperfect inter cooling? 15. Write the general formula for work done of multistage reciprocating air compressor? 16. Distinguish between Axial flow and Centrifugal air compressor? 17. Name the various types of rotary compressor?

18. Define the following: i. Isothermal Efficiency or Compressor efficiency, ii. Overall efficiency of compressor, iii. Mechanical efficiency of compressor, iv. Isentropic efficiency of compressor, v. Volumetric efficiency of compressor 19. 20. Part - B 1. Derive and expression for work done by single acting and single stage reciprocating air compressor with considering clearance volume? 2. Explain the effect of intercooler in multistage reciprocating air compressor? 3. With neat sketch (P-V & T-S diagram) explain briefly about two-stage reciprocating air compressors with perfect inter cooling? 4. With neat sketch (P-V & T-S diagram) explain briefly about two-stage reciprocating air compressors with imperfect inter cooling? 5. Why multistage reciprocating air compressor is preferred than single stage air compressor? 6. Derive an expression for minimum work required to run multistage reciprocating compressor? 7. Prove that Volumetric Efficiency of reciprocating is 1+C-C [P2/P1]1/2 where C is the clearance ratio. 8. With neat sketch briefly explain the working principle of the following rotary compressor: i. Roots Blower Compressor, ii. Vane Blower Compressor, iii. Axial flow compressor iv. Centrifugal compressor 9. Distinguish between Rotary and reciprocating air compressor? 10. Prove that Volumetric Efficiency of reciprocating is 1-C [(P2/P1)1/2 1] where C is the clearance ratio

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