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FEB UNESP

Departamento de Engenharia Eltrica


2331X-Laboratrio de Converso de Energia e Transformadores
Prof. Andr Christvo Pio Martins
Prtica 5: Autotransformador Monofsico
1) Identificao
Data: ______________ Trafo: ____________
Aluno: ______________________________________ RA: ____________ Turma: __________
Aluno: ______________________________________ RA: ____________ Turma: __________
Aluno: ______________________________________ RA: ____________ Turma: __________
Aluno: ______________________________________ RA: ____________ Turma: __________
Aluno: ______________________________________ RA: ____________ Turma: __________
2) Objetivos
Caracterizar a operao e determinar experimentalmente a regulao de tenso e rendimento
de um autotransformador monofsico.
3) Materiais
- 1 transformador monofsico;
- 1 variac monofsico;
- 3 multmetros;
- 1 wattmetro;
- 2 lmpadas incandescentes de 150W/220V.
4) Autotransformadores monofsicos
Um autotransformador um transformador cujos enrolamentos primrio e secundrio
coincidem parcialmente. Pode ser redutor quando o nmero de espiras do secundrio inferior ao
do primrio, ou elevador (o mais comum) em caso contrrio. Um autotransformador apresenta um
jumper de potncia entre primrio e secundrio que no passa pelo campo magntico, o que causa a
perda do isolamento galvnico entre as bobinas. Entretanto, esse jumper tambm permite uma
reduo no custo (um nico enrolamento e, em certos casos, com condutores de menor bitola),
menor volume, menor queda de tenso (reatncias de disperso menores) e maior rendimento
(menores perdas nos enrolamentos).
Os autotransformadores so utilizados na regulao da tenso em redes de distribuio de
energia eltrica, na sintonia e adaptao entre antenas e pr-amplificadores em receptores de
telecomunicaes, em transformadores de uso residencial (chapa preta), etc. Em aplicaes de
potncia mais elevada costuma-se utilizar autotransformadores cujas tenses no primrio e no
secundrio no sejam muito diferentes, de modo que o rompimento do enrolamento primrio no
acarrete tenses perigosas no mesmo.
5) Ensaio 1
a) Monte o circuito da fig. 1 com as bobinas do trafo conectadas na configurao 110 / 110V como
autotransformador, fig. 2. Lembre-se de usar o borne de tenso e a conexo de corrente mais

adequada do Wattmetro, de posicion-lo na horizontal e ajustar o zero, caso necessrio. Utilize


duas lmpadas incandescentes de 150W / 220V como carga.

Figura 1: Circuito utilizado no ensaio de regulao de tenso.

b) Ajuste a tenso do Variac de modo que a tenso no secundrio seja de 220V . Mea as tenses e
correntes, no primrio e no secundrio, e a potncia ativa vista do primrio. Mantenha os
ampermetros fixos e utilize um nico voltmetro para fazer as medidas de tenso. Anote na tabela 1
os valores lidos.
c) Desligue as lmpadas e, sem alterar o ajuste do Variac, refaa as medies. Anote na tabela 1 os
valores lidos e faa os clculos indicados. A potncia de sada pode ser medida em um experimento
separado, desde que sob mesma tenso de alimentao, ou assumida como o valor nominal da
carga.

Figura 2: Conexo das bobinas como autotransformador.

d) Utilizando o modelo do transformador obtido na Prtica 3, calcule os valores tericos do fator


de potncia, regulao de tenso e rendimento, e anote os valores obtidos na tabela 1. Descreva as
aproximaes utilizadas para a construo do circuito equivalente do autotransformador. Compare
os valores tericos com os experimentais e analise as diferenas observadas.
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5) Ensaio 2
a) Monte o circuito da fig. 1 com as bobinas do trafo conectadas na configurao 110 / 110V como
autotransformador, fig. 3. Utilize duas lmpadas incandescentes de 150W / 220V como carga.
b) Ajuste a tenso do Variac de modo que a tenso no secundrio seja de 220V . Mea as tenses e
correntes, no primrio e no secundrio, e a potncia ativa vista do primrio. Anote na tabela 1 os
valores lidos.

Figura 3: Conexo das bobinas como autotransformador.

c) Desligue as lmpadas e, sem alterar o ajuste do Variac, refaa as medies. Anote na tabela 1 os
valores lidos e faa os clculos indicados.
d) Utilizando o modelo do transformador obtido na Prtica 3, calcule os valores tericos do fator
de potncia, regulao de tenso e rendimento, e anote os valores obtidos na tabela 1. Descreva as
aproximaes utilizadas para a construo do circuito equivalente do autotransformador. Compare
os valores do ensaio 1 e 2, analise as diferenas observadas entre os dois autotransformadores.
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Tabela 1: Valores medidos e calculados para o ensaio 1 e 2.

Ensaio 1
Em vazio
( NL )

V1
I1
P1

V2
I2

Ensaio 2
Em vazio
( NL )

2 150W
( FL )

2 150W
( FL )

[V ]
[A]
[W ]
[V ]
[A]
Medido

Terico

Medido

Terico

Medido

Terico

----

----

P1
V1 I1
P
= 100 saida [%]
Pentrada
fp =

Reg =

V2 NL V2 FL
[%]
V2 FL

Medido

Terico

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