Surface Chemistry

1. What is surface chemistry? Surface chemistry is branch in chemistry which deals with the study of the phenomenon taking place at the surface to separate the two bulk phases. 2. What is adsorption? The phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of the substances on the surface of the liquid or solid resulting into a higher concentration of the molecules on the surface is called adsorption. 3. What is adsorbent? The surface on which adsorption takes place is called adsorbent and the substance which is adsorbed is called adsorbate. 4. What is sorption? When both adsorption and absorption takes place together and are indistinguishable then we use term sorption. 5. Write the differences between physisorption and chemisorption? Physisorption: Low heat of adsorption, usually in range of 20 - 40 kj /mol. Forces of attraction are van der Waals forces. Usually takes place at low temperatures. It is reversible. It is not very specific It forms multi molecular layers

Does not require any activation energy.

Chemisorption:High heat of adsorption, in range of 40 400 kj/mol. Forces of attraction are chemical bonds forces Takes place at lower temperature. It is irreversible. It is highly specific. It forms monomoleculecular layers. It requires activation energy. 6. Define adsorption isotherm? The extent of a gas on a solid is also affected by the pressure of the gas. A graph between x/m and the pressure p at constant temperature is known as the adsorption isotherm. 7. What is a catalyst? Catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of reaction without being consumed in the reaction. The catalyst is recovered chemically unchanged at the end of reaction. The phenomenon of increase in reaction rate is called catalysis. 8. Type of catalyst. Homogeneous: - when the catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase.

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Heterogeneous: - when the reactants and the catalysts are in different physical state. 9. What are zeolites? Zeolites are the shape selective catalysts and shape selective catalysis depend upon the structure of the pores present in catalyst and the size of reactants and product molecules. Zeolites are silicates with number of cages or pores .ZSM-5 is used to convert alcohol directly into gasoline. 10. What do you mean by adsorbent and adsorbate? The substance adsorbed on the surface is called the adsorbate and the substance on which it is adsorbed is called adsorbent. 11. What is desorption? The process of removing the adsorbed substance from the surface which on which it is adsorbed is called desorption. 12. Is adsorption exothermic or endothermic? Adsorption is an exothermic process As there occurs decrease in surface energy. 13. Name few common adsorbents. Charcoal, silica gel, alumina gel, clay ,etc are common adsorbents. 14. Define enthalpy of adsorption. The enthalpy change for the adsorption of one mole of an adsorbate on an adsorbent surface is called enthalpy of adsorption.

15. How does adsorption depends upon :(1) Temperature (2) Pressure Adsorption decreases with an increase in temperature since it is an exothermic process At constant temperature, adsorption increases with pressure. 16. Explain the effects of temperature on the adsorption? Draw the adsorption isobars. Adsorption decreases with the increase in temperature, as adsorption is an exothermic process. Increase of physical adsorption x/m decreases continuously with the increase in temperature. But in case of chemisorption, it first increases as it provides necessary activation energy for it and then decreases after a certain temperature. Isobars

17. What is the use of ZMS-5? ZSM is an important petroleum industry zeolite catalyst. It converts alcohol directly to petrol by dehydrating them. So that mixture of hydrocarbons is formed. 18. Write a short note on enzyme catalysis.
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Enzymes are the biological catalysts .They are protoniuos in nature having high molecular masses they are highly efficient molecules and increases at the rate by 108 to 1020 times they are highly specific in nature. Each biological reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme. 19. Explain the kinetics of enzyme catalysis. In enzyme catalyzed, reactions, substrates (s) and enzymes form an intermediate enzyme substrate complex [ES] whose concentration determines the rate of product formations the steps of enzyme catalysis are: E+S ES ES E+P The rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions changes from first order as the concentration of the substrate is increased. 20. What happens when :I. A beam of light is passed II. III. IV. through AS2S3 solution? KCL is added to Fe(OH)3 solution? Gelatin is added to gold solution. Colloidal solution of Fe2O3 and As2S3 are mixed. I.

Sol

The path of light becomes visible Due to Tyndall Effect. II. Fe (OH)3 gets coagulated. III. Gold solution gets stabilized IV. Oppositely charged Fe2O3 (+ive) and As2S3(-ive) get mixed , lose their charges and settle down , i.e. gets coagulated. 21. What are aquasols or Hydrosols? When the dispersion medium is water, then sol is called aquasols or hydrosols. 22. What is alcosol? When the dispersion medium is alcohol then sol is called alcosol. 23. What are multimolecular and macromolecular colloids? Give examples of each. When on dissolution a number of atoms or small molecules aggeregate to form species having size in colloidal range they are called multimolecular colloids. Macromolecular colloids are formed having big size molecules with large molecular mass are dissolved in a suitable liquid to form a solution having dispersed particles with size in colloidal range. 24. Write a short note on micelles. Micelles are substances that behave as normal strong electrolytes at low concentration but at high concentration behave as colloids. 25. What is peptisation? Explain its cause.
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Surface Chemistry
Peptisation is the process of passing of a precipitate into colloidal particles on adding a suitable electrolyte. It takes Place when an electrolyte is added to a freshly prepared substance; the particles of the precipitate preferentially absorb one type of ion of electrolyte and get dispersed due to electrostatic repulsion giving particles of colloidal size. 26. What is a colloidal mill? A colloidal mill consists of two steel discs with a little gap in between and rotating in opposite directions that reduces the size of suspension particles introduced between two discs to colloidal size. 27. Ex plain Tyndall effect. Tyndall effect is the phenomenon of path of light through a colloidal solution becoming visible due to the scattering of light by the colloidal particles. The visible path is the Tyndall zone. 28. What is electrophoresis? Electrophoresis is the movement of the colloidal particles towards oppositely charged electrodes under the influence of an electric field .On reaching the electrodes the particles get neutralized and coagulated. 29. What is Kraft Temperature? The temperature above which the formation of micelles takes place is called the Kraft temperature.

MCQs 30. The physical adsorption is due to a) Hydrogen bonding b) Van der Waals forces c) Covalent bond formation d) Strong electrostatic forces of attraction. 31. The phenomenon of chemisorption is a) Permanent b) Irreversible c) Reversible d) Temporary 32. Which of the following equation is correct for extent of adsorption at atmospheric pressure and constant temperature? a) x/m = 1 b) x/m = k c) x/m = p d) x/m = kp 33. the freundlich adsorption isotherm predicts a limiting adsorption at a) low pressure b) high pressure c) intermediate pressure d) none of these 34. Chromatography is based on the principle of a) Chemical adsorption b) Physical adsorption c) Hydrogen bonding d) Sedimentation 35. The extent of adsorption increases with the a) Increase in temperature

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Surface Chemistry
b) Increase in surface area of adsorbent c) Decrease in the surface area of adsorbent d) Decrease in pressure of gas 36. The size of the colloidal particles is in the range of a) 1100 nm b) 100---1000nm c) 10----100nm d) 0.1---10nm 37. Fog is example of a) Solid dispersed in gas b) Solid dispersed in liquid c) Gas dispersed in gas d) Liquid dispersed in gas 38. Each of the following is a lyophilic sol except a) Gelatin b) Egg albumen c) Starch d) Sulphur 39. The sol which is obtained as a result of the peptisation of cellulose nitrate with ethyl alcohol is a) Collodion b) Cellulose gel c) Celluloid d) Cellulol 40. Which of the following colloid is an example of multimolecular colloid? a) Starch sol b) Micelles c) Sulphur sol d) Polystyrene 41. Scattering of light is observed in each of the following except

a) NACL solution b) Fe(OH)3 sol c) Sol of egg albumen d) Sol of arsenous sulphide 42. Which one of the following will bring the coagulation of gold sol quickest and in least concentration a) Nacl b) MgSo4 c) Al2(SO4)3 d) K4[Fe(CN)6] 43. The addition of 1 ml sol of 10% Nacl to 10 ml gold sol in presence of 0.25g of starch prevents sol from coagulation. The gold number of starch is a) 0.025 b) 0.25 c) 2.5 d) 250 44. Which of the following protective colloidal has lowest gold number? a) Gelatin b) Egg albumen c) Gum Arabic d) Starch 45. Enzyme required for the hydrolysis of cane sugar a) Zymase b) Invertase c) Ditase d) Peptidase 46. Emulsifying agent is a substance which a) Makes the emulsion homogeneous

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Surface Chemistry
b) Helps in coagulating the emulsion c) Accelerates the dispersion d) Stabilizes the emulsion 47. The best coagulant for the precipitation of ferric hydroxide sol is a) Na3PO4 b) NaNO3 c) KCL d) MgSO4

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