CHEM 1152 TEST 1 Study Guide:

Suggested odd-numbered Questions and Problems (in blue boxes; answers are at the end of each chapter): Ch. 11: 1-37, 39-61 Ch. 12: 1-17, 19, 25-33, 35-45, 49, 51-55, 59 and 61. Additional: see additional naming/nomenclature practice in iCollege CHAPTER 11: Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes - differentiate between organic compounds and inorganic compounds - state the following regarding the carbon atom: number of valence electrons, ways that C can obtain an octet, common bonding patterns and geometry/bond angles of bonding patterns - differentiate between a saturated hydrocarbon (no multiple bonds) and an unsaturated hydrocarbon (contains at least one multiple bond) - draw and recognize molecular formulas, expanded structural formulas, condensed structural formulas and line-bond formulas - define and recognize isomers; differentiate among constitutional isomers, cis-trans isomers and the same compound written in a different conformation - recognize that different conformations of a molecule exist, but the identity does not change - use the IUPAC rules to name straight- and brached-chain alkanes; this includes memorizing the IUPAC prefixes and names up to 10 C - recognize that many common names for molecules exist and that they are different from IUPAC names when memorizing compounds, it is helpful to learn both if both are provided - interpret line-bond formulas and determine the number of C and H atoms present if given a line-bond formula - use IUPAC rules to name cycloalkanes with ring substituents - identify and name cycloalkane cis-trans isomers - recognize the physical properties of alkanes and cycloalkanes in terms of solubility with water, densities in relation to water, boiling points in a homologous series and the effect of branching - rank organic compounds in terms of highest or lowest boiling or melting points - classify organic molecules according to their functional group (see below add thiols)

CHAPTER 12: UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS - use IUPAC rules to name alkenes, cycloalkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds - state the geometry and bond angles of alkenes and alkynes - recognize common names of alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds (see text and notes) - determine if a compound can exhibit cis-trans isomerism; draw and name different isomers - *understand that alkenes are abundant in nature, very reactive, and are easily converted to other functional groups (this makes alkene intermediates important to a wide variety of synthetic products) - recognize the physical properties of alkenes and alkynes in terms of solubility with water and organic solvents, density in relation to water, and melting points (generally lower than alkanes) - given an alkene or an alkyne and reagents predict the products and classify as one of the following: hydrogenation, halogenation, hydrohalogenation, or hydration - recognize that some reactions require a catalyst and what occurs when no catalyst is present - explain the practical application of using bromine (Br2) to differentiate between saturated and hydrocarbons (youll do this in lab) - state Markovnikovs rule; apply it to predict the products of unsymmetrical addition reactions - predict the product(s) of alkene and alkyne addition reactions (see key reactions at end of chapter and various examples and practice problems in text and class notes)

- define aromatic compounds; explain why bonding in aromatic compounds is both similar and different from bonding in alkenes - recognize the structures and names of common aromatic compounds (toluene, phenol, xylenes, aniline, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde) and that when a benzene ring is a substituent, it is called a phenyl group - describe benzene in terms of molecular formula, structural formula, shape, symmetry and average structure (delocalized bonds); explain why benzene does not undergo addition reactions - name aromatic compounds - understand that aromatic compounds DO NOT undergo addition reactions (why?), but they will undergo substitution reactions if a catalyst is present (halogenation, nitration, sulfonation) - predict the products of substitution reactions and recognize when NR occurs (no catalyst)

Functional Groups Recognize and name the following functional groups in an organic molecule: