256

APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE LARGE DEFLECTION ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF CLAMPED, UNIFORMLY LOADED, RECTANGULAR PLATES
By R. Hooke*
An approximate analysis of the large deflection elastic behaviour of clamped, uniformly 'loaded, rectangular plates is carried out using a perturbation method. The solutions obtained are presented in a general form which allows the behaviour of a plate having any particular value of aspect ratio to be predicted. The predictions of the present solutions are compared with those of existing solutions where these are available.

INTRODUCTION
THE EQUATIONS

governing the large deflection elastic behaviour of plates can seldom be solved exactly and the problem in the case of clamped, uniformly loaded, rectangular plates is no exception. The exact solution for the infinitely long plate was obtained by Boobnoff ( ~ ) t eight years before von Karman first derived the general equations for the large deflection elastic behaviour in 1910. A. and L. Foppl (2) and Hencky (3) obtained expressions for predicting the deflections of a square, elastic membrane which were, in reality, solutions of the von Karman equations in the particular case when the resistance of the plate to bending was small enough to be neglected. At a later date, the membrane deflection prediction of Hencky was added to the deflection obtained from the linear elastic bending theory for the square plate by Ramberg, McPherson and Levy (4) in order to obtain a prediction of the large deflection elastic behaviour. The first large deflection solutions for rectangular plates, other than the infinitely long plate, were derived by Way (5) in 1938. The Ritz energy method was used to obtain approximate solutions for plates having aspect ratios of 1,3 and An exact solution of the von Karman equations was given by Levy (6) for the case of the square plate using a Fourier series method. Green and Southwell (7) used relaxation methods to determine the behaviour of a square plate and Wang (8) used a finite difference approach to obtain results for plates having aspect ratios of 3 and +.An interesting method was devised by Berger (9) in which the analysis was simplified by neglecting the strain energy due to the second invariant of the middle

+.

The M S . of this paper was received at the Institution on 20th March 1968 and accepted for publication on 5th November 1968. 23 * Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sh&eld, Mappin Street, Shefield. t References are given in Appendix 2.
J O U R N A L MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE

surface strains. No physical explanation was given and justification of the method rested on the good agreement of its predictions with those of existing theories. No solutions for the uniformly loaded, clamped, rectangular plate were given. I n 1957 Chien and Yeh (10) developed a perturbation method for solving the large deflection equations and determined the solution for the case of the square plate. Other solutions (11) can be found for particular values of aspect ratio but, to the author's knowledge, none which covers the complete range of aspect ratios has previously been available. The large deflection solutions mentioned, with the exception of that of Chien and Yeh, are presented either in numerical or graphical form or both. Such forms are inconvenient to apply in practice and a more tractable solution is desirable. The perturbation method developed by Chien and Yeh results in the solutions being given in a more convenient form. The perturbation method is used to obtain the present solutions. Because the rectangular plate boundary conditions are known in terms of the plate displacements, the von Karman equations are first expressed in terms of these displacements and then converted into a dimensionless form suitable for the purposes of solution. The variables which govern the plate behaviour, namely the co-ordinate directions, the plate displacements and the lateral pressure, are expressed as power series in terms of the central deflection and substituted in the large deflection equations. Differential equations, which result when like powers of the central deflection are equated after the substitution, are solved by the choice of suitable polynomial expressions for the unknowns to give the desired solutions. The details of the solutions are outlined in the following sections and the results obtained are compared with those of existing solutions where these are available.
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LARGE DEFLECTION ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF CLAMPED, UNIFORMLY LOADED, RECTANGULAR PLATES

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Notation (refer to Fig. 1) Plate sides in the x and y directions (a Q b). Flexural rigidity. Youngs modulus. Plate thickness. Dimensionless direct and shear bending stresses in a plane parallel to the plate surface. Direct and shear forces per unit length in the plane of the plate. Dimensionless transverse pressure acting on the plate surface. Uniform pressure acting transversely to the plate surface. Dimensionless direct and shear membrane stresses in the plane of the plate. Dimensionless plate displacements in the co-ordinate directions. Plate displacements in the x, y, and z directions. Dimensionless central deflection. Central deflection of the plate. Dimensionless in-plane plate co-ordinates. Cartesian co-ordinates. Plate aspect ratio (= alb). Direct and shear strains in a plane parallel to the plate surface. Poissons ratio. Stress at which yielding first takes place in the plate. Direct and shear stresses corresponding to the strains. Yield stress of the plate material in pure tension.
D I M E N S I O N L E S S FORM OF T H E VON KARMAN E Q U A T I O N S

The equations (1) have to be solved in conjunction with the conditions imposed by the clamped boundary of the rectangular plate. It is convenient to transform these equations into dimensionless form by the introduction of the following parameters :

a =-

x=a
X

Y y = -

ly=-

b 12au

I
. . .
W

h2 12av v=-- h2
W=2.t/3-

(2)

Q = 2 d 3 -a49 Dh
M = 12(1-2)abaZ

The von Karman equations, which govern the large deflection elastic behaviour, take the following form when expressed in terms of the plate displacements (12) :

Eh2
Eh2

= 12(1-?)-

At the same time as the introduction of these parameters it is convenient to assume a value for V. It is seen that a choice of v = 3 allows equations (1) to be appreciably simplified and on substitution of this value and the above parameters the following dimensionless equations result :

1
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R. HOOKE

reference to Fig. lb, in dimensionless form are: IV = U = V = 0 at X = f l and Y = f l

i w _ - - ~at i;x
-=0 ?W
at

X = ~ I
(4)

Y=fl

iY

P CY - - 3ix iY -+ )y

iv

liU

i*w

The variables which govern the plate behaviour are expressed as power series in terms of the dimensionless central deflection, namely:
w 0 = 2 x / 3WO x

. . .
*

+-3
+f

2p(

[(g)p+;1 (ixz 3 +f [P (g)2+j (ix)l i w w w

i 2W

i-u p-+-

LY tX iXPY

2")

(5)

i2w

iy2 i2w

1 i2w 2152 i i +---3 tX i Y i X r Y

The load and deflection parameters Q and Ware direction dependent and hence their series expansions should not have even powers of W,. Because a change in sign of Q and hence Wodoes not affect the displacements U and V , their series expansions should not contain odd terms of W,. Hence the following series expansions are:assumed : = u1Wo+u3Wo3+ * * *

. .
SOLUTION

(3)

w = x, )w, w3( x,Y )W03+ Y + u = x, )W,Z+SZ( x,Y )W04+ Y v = t 2 ( ' ~ , Y ) W o 2 + t 4 ( X , Y ) w ~ 4 + 'J. .

w1(
* *

sp(

* * *

1r

(6)

The solutions required have to satisfy the boundary condkions of the plate shown in Fig. la which, with

The coefficient of the deflection series wl( Y)is defined X, so that at the plate centre wl(O, 0) = 1 which requires that the subsequent coefficients w3(0,0), . . . are equal to zero.

'I
t
X

I:

*+ - + p
z
0
JOURXAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE

(0.6) '

t
Z

b
b Dimensionless notation.

a Dimensional notation.

Fig. 1
Vol I 1 NO:^ 1969

For simplicity in the general case the coefficients which depend on X and Y are written as wl, w3, s2, t p in the following analysis. The series expansions (6) are now substituted into equations (3) and like powers of W , resulting from the substitution are equated to give partial differential equations in X and Y from which the coefficients of the series ul, u3)w l , w3, s2, tz,. . are determined. Each of these equations has to be solved in conjunction with the corresponding set of boundary conditions which are obtained by substituting the above series expansions in equations (4) and equating the appropriate power of W, for the particular equation in question. This procedure is followed until sufficient terms in each series have been obtained.

0.10 0.20 0.30 040 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

000 +o*ooOO +2*oooo +O~ooOO +3~oooo +O~oooO +24*0000

.
+0*0003 +0*0029 +001.16 +0.0293 +0*0564 +0*0920 +01356 +0*1869 +0.2457

LARGE DEFLECTION ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF CLAMPED, UNIFORMLY LOADED, RECTANGULAR PLATES

259

is obtained in which the elements of the matrix are functions of the aspect ratio 8. The values of the six unknowns A, By C, D, E and a1 and hence the solution of the first approximation are determined for values of p covering the range from 0 to 1. The results of the computation, which was performed by the KDF9 computer at the University of Sydney, are presented in Table 1.

The second approximation When the terms in Wo2are equated, the 6ollowing differential equations result:

The first approximation When the terms in the first power of W , are equated, the following differential equation results :

The associated boundary conditions which have to' be satisfied are: 7 wl=-- awl - 0 at X = f 1

ax

The boundary conditions are: at X = Y = O

wl=l

s2=t,=0

At this stage it is convenient to assume a function for w which satisfies the boundary conditions (8) and the requirements of plate symmetry. The function assumed :

at X = f l and s2=t2=0 at X = Y = O s2 = 0 along the axis X = 0 t2 = 0 along the axis Y = 0

Y=fl

w1 = ( 1 - X 2 ) 2 ( 1 - Y 2 ) 2 ( 1 + A X 2 + B Y 2

+cx4 +D Y4 +EX2 Y

2)

(9)

The following functions for s7 and tn are assumed which satisfy these- boundary conditions- and the dependency of the plate displacements :
~2

is substituted in equation ( ) Following the substitution, 7. six equations are generated by first equating the constant term on the left-hand side to that on the right-hand side and then by successively equating the terms in X 2 , Y 2 , X4, Y 4 and X 2 Y 2to zero. From these a matrix equation Table 1
D

= X ( 1-X 2 ) (1- Y ')(F+ G X 2 + H Y 2 + J X 4

tz =

Y(l-XZ)(l-

+K Y 4 + L X 2 YZ)(M+NX2+PY2 + Q X 4 + R Y + S x 2Y

Y2)

2,

A - B - C . -

E
+0.0021 +0-0245 +00759 +0*1306 +O. 1639 0.1752 +0.1750 +0.1714 +Om1686 +Om1676 +23*9998 +23-9963 4-24.0273 +24*3208 +25*2606 +27*1842 +30-3550 4-35.0452 +41*5860 50.38 15

+O.oooO +1*9950 -0.OOOO

+1*9315 +1.7305 +14061 +1.0622 +0*7779 +0.5693 +0*4225 +0*3193 +0*2457

-0.ooOO
-0.0003 -0~OOO9 -0.0016 -0.0017 -0.0011 +0*0008

+OW44
+0.0101

+2.6355 1.8480 1.0950 +0.5772 +0*2872 +0*1421 +0.0719 +0.0373 +0*0196 +0*0101

+ +

These functions along with the solution for w1 from the first approximation are substituted in equations (10). A similar procedure to that used in the solution of the first approximation enables 12 equations to be obtained, six from each of equations (lo), from which the 12 unknowns in equations (12) are determined. The 12 equations were solved in the same manner as those in the first approximation and the results are given in Table 2. The values of the constants obtained in the present analysis did not agree with those obtained by Chien and Yeh for the particular case of the square plate. This discrepancy is discussed in Appendix 1, in which it is shown that the values given by Chien and Yeh appear to be incorrect.
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Table 2

B
0.00 0.10 0.20 0-30 04 .0
0.50

P
+0.6095 +0.6115 +06115 +0-6026 +0*5742 +05477 +0.5362 +0.5341 +0*5375 +05437 +0-5499
I

G
-2.0571 -2.0569 -2.0544 -2.0454 -2.0265 -2.0065 1.9932 -1.9903 -1.9910 1.9859 1 -1.9646

H
-0.5333 -0.5819 -0.5526 -04056 -0.2045 +0*0286 +0.2113 +0*2882 +0.2452 +0.1016 -0.1 136

J
+1-1429 +la1428

P
+0*9216 0.7125 +OM31 +0.3099 -0.0962 -0.6114 1a0666 1.4293 -1.7200 -1'9646

Q
+0.0026 +0.0618 +0.3062 +0.7485 1.2261 1.5809 +1*7519 1.7398 15577 +la2115 +2.9317 +3.0236 +2*6342 +1*712!5 +05469 -0.2954 -0.6884 -0.7624 -0.6595 -0'4713

0.60
0.70 0.80

0.90
1.00

+2.6667 -3.2000 +0*7023 -3.1428 -24890 +la1105 -5.1957 -0.6912 +l.0228 -55712 +1.8040 +4-0439 +0.8605 -4.4921 5.5298 +0.6380 -2.9145 1 4492 +6*2840 +03746 6.4845 +0*0905 -0.2925 6.2821 -0.1975 +0.5728 5.7642 -0.4713 +1*2115

+O~oooO +0.0000

-0.1527

+0~oO00 +O~oooO +O~ooOo +O~ooOo

+ + + +

-0.0127 -0.1749 -0.0837 -0.1049 -0.2786 +0.1334 -0.5780 +0.2949 -08136 +0*3612 -08836 +0*4054 -0.7931 +0.4518 -0.5962 +0.5010 -0.3527 +0.5499 -0.1136

+
-

+ + + +

-0.3388 -1.8064 -3.5505 -4.1144 -3.1398 -1~2628 +0.8262 +2.7534 +4*4026 +5*7642

The third approximation The differential equation, obtained by equating the terms in WO3, is a4w,
=+2P2

Table 3

a4w,
ax2

ay2+84

54w,

0.00 +0.0203 +0.1143 +O.OoO0 -0.2743 +0.0025 +la4628

0.10 +0.0200 0.20 +0.0193 0.30 +0.0178 0.40 +0.0163 050 +0.0151 0.60 f0.0144 0.70 +0.0149 0.80 +0.0173 0.90 +0.0219 1-00 +0*0286 +0.1006 +0*1050 +0.1233 +0.1127 +0*0906 +0.0810 +0.0555 +0.0435 +0.0348 +0.0286
+O.OOOO +0.0002 +O.oO06 +0.0011 +O'OOO4 -OW06 -0.0053 -0.0092 -0.0128 -0.0153

+- j3z (;lzBz )+j 2

1 awl

-+--LL a2w1 2j32sw13w i2w

(4

-00067 +0.0041 +0*3365 -0.0091 +0.3534 -0.0304 +0.2186 -0.0339 +0*1078 -0.0165 +0.0708 -0.0029 +0.0093 +0*0419 -0.0068 +0*0678 -0.0135 +0.0885 -0.0153 1+0.1043

+1452 +1*4018 +1*3292 +1*2641 +1.2260 +1.2103 +1.2289 +1.2958 +1.4138 +1.5816

axay
The boundary conditions are:
w,=-=O

3 ~ X ? Y ~ X ? Y I

C O M P A R I S O N WITH E X I S T I N G SOLUTIONS

. .
iw,

(13)

The predictions of the above solutions and the effect of only taking the analysis to three approximations are investigated, using as the basis, the existing solutions for particular values of aspect ratio. Deflection The variation of the coefficients a1 and a, with fi is shown in Fig. 2. The differential equation (7) for the first approximation is of the form of, and transforms into, the well-known Lagrange equation or the linear bending of plates. Hence Q = a1W,, is a solution for the linear bending of rectangular plates. The commonly accepted linear elastic solutions, obtained by Evans using Timoshenko's method (13), are compared with the values of the present solution in Fig. 2. The maximum difference, which occurs in the case of the square plate, is less than 2 per cent of the predicted pressure. The second term takes into account the effects of the stretching of the middle surface and hence is a measure of the load resisted by membrane action of the plate. This load term, Qmembrane u3WO3,readily transforms into =
W

ax

at X = f l

W,=O

at X = Y = O

A function for w3 similar to that for w 1 and which satisfies equations (14) namely : w, = (l-X2)2(1- YZ)Z x ( T X 2 + U Y 2 + V X 4 + W Y 4 + Z X 2 Y 2 ) (15)
is substituted into equation (13) along with the solutions , previously obtained for w l , s and t,. The procedure used in the solution of the first approximation is repeated and the six equations which are generated are solved for the six unknowns T, U , V , W , Z and a,. The results are given in Table 3. The analysis is taken no further and so the solutions are given by: Q = '%Wo+%Wo3 1 W = wlW0+w3W03 . . (16) u = SzWo~ V = tzWo2

h (where the constant C depends on the aspect ratio j3) which is the same in form as the solution for the uniformly loaded, elastic membrane. Hence the present solution
Vol I I No 3 1969

LLCJg

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261

1.6

1-5

1.4

t -

2
LL

1.3

1.2

I;'

DIMENSIONLESS C E N T R A L DEFLECTION, Wo

Fig. 3. Load-defection predictions for plates having different values of B

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R. HOOKE

'

- -

DIMENSIONLESS CENTRAL DEFLECTION, wo/n

Fig. 4. Comparison o Way's load-deflection solutions with the series solutions f

Q = C , o C 3 0 is in a form which is physically Z + Zw3 w justifiable. A limitation when only two terms of the series solution are determined can be seen from a comparison of the load deflection curves for /3 = 0 and /3 = 4 shown in Fig. 3. Because a3 is greater for /3 = 0, the pressure predicted by the /3 = 0 curve approaches and at high values of W , exceeds that predicted when /3 = 3. Comparisons are made with Way's (5) solutions for /3 = 1, 4 and in Fig. 4. Way's theory suffers from the same limitation, but to a greater extent, as can be gauged from the curves for /3 = 3 and (For w,/h = 2 the curve for /3 = 3 predicts a lower pressure than the /3 = 9 curve, while in the present theory this is not the case.) An analysis was carried out by Clarkson (14) for the infinitely long plate using the perturbation method and the solution obtained is identical with the present for the case /3 = 0. Thus a partial check on the algebra is provided. The deflection predictions were also in good agreement

with the results of a series of rectangular plate tests which are described in a separate report (IS).

Bending stresses From the linear theory the maximum stresses due to bending are known to be:

+.

I n terms of the dimensionless parameters (2) these equations take the form:

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fl Fig. 5. Comparison of the linear bending stresses given by Evans with those given b.r the series solution
ASPECT. R A T I O ,

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R. HOOKE

f n

00

--

Ways solutions
S e r i e s solutions

1.0 DIME NS I0 N L E SS C E N T R A L D E F L E CT I0N wo/h

2.0

Fig. 7 . Comparison of the maximum bending stresses given b Ways and the series solutions y

Fig. 8. Membrane stress coeficients given by the series solution

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D I ME N S I N L E SS CENT R A L DEFLECT I 0 N , Wo/It 0

Fig. 9. Comparison of the membrane stress predictions of the series solution with those of the other solutions
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The stresses which are of most interest are those in the X and Y directions at the centre and that in the X direction at the centre of the long side, this being the maximum plate stress. To obtain expressions for these stresses, the series for W is substituted in equations (17) and the direct stresses along the X and Y axes determined. These expressions are given by:
Mx(x,o) = ( ~ i ) x c x . o ) W o + ( ~ ~ ) x ( x . o ) ~ 0 3 (18) MY(o,Y) ( m d y ( 0 . y )W O + ( ~ ~ ) Y ( O , Y , ~ O ~ =

Membrane stresses The membrane stresses are known to be

and in terms of the dimensionless parameters (2) may be written as :

where the coefficients m, and m3 depend on the direction of the stress and the co-ordinates of the point where the stress is acting. The first term in W , represents the linear elastic bending stress and the coefficients obtained for predicting the stresses at the plate centre (ml)x(o,o) and (ml)y(o,o) along with that at the centre of the long side (ml)x(l,o) are compared with the values given by Evans (13) in Fig. 5. The small differences are partly attributable to the different value of v used by Evans of 0.3. The coefficients of the second term have been determined for the stresses in the X direction only and the values for (m3)x(o,o)and (m3)x(1,0) plotted in Fig. 6 . are Fig. 7 compares the maximum bending stress with the predictions given by Way (5). In each case the present solution predicts a lower stress and as well suffers from the same failing as does Ways solution in that the stress in the /3 = plate exceeds that in the /3 = 5 plate for large values of Wo.

(19) When the series solutions for W , U and V are substituted in equations (19), the expressions for the direct stresses along the X and Y axes are given by:
SXCX.0)

=(~z)x(x,o)~02

SY(O,Y,= (S2)Y(0.Y)WO2 The values of the coefficients (sz)x(l,o), (sz)x(o,o) and (sz)y(o,o) are plotted in Fig. 8. Fig. 9a compares the maximum stress predictions with those given by Way (5) and Chien and Yeh (10). Fig. 9b makes a comparison between the stress predicted at the centre of a square plate and the corresponding predictions obtained by Levy (6) and Chien and Yeh (10). For a particular value of Wo, the

DIMENSIONLESS CENTRAL DEFLECTION, wo/h

1
2:o
Vol I 1 No 3 1969

Fig. 10. Comparison o the total stresses given by Ways and the series solutions f
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present theory, as would be expected, predicts that the membrane stress is greatest in the square plate whereas Ways theory predicts the opposite.

then for first yielding For the case First yielding as predicted by equation (23) does not have a marked effect on the actual load-deflection curve and it is not until the section of the boundary has become fully plastic that large departures from the load-deflection curve result. An estimation of the pressure to produce a fully plastic edge section is obtained from the simple plastic beam theory for the moment MR needed to produce a plastic hinge in the presence of axial forces namely :

B = Mx~l,o~+sx~I,o) (23) = 1 equation (23) is plotted in Fig. 11.

- - -

Total stresses The maximum stress acting at any point in the plate consists of the sum of the bending and membrane stresses and determines whether the plate remains elastic or yields. Fig. 10 compares the series solution predictions for /?= 1 and /3 = 3 with those given by Way (5).
PLATE YIELDING

First yielding will occur at the centres of the long sides, these being the points of maximum stress. If the von Mises criterion is assumed to govern the yield behaviour of the plate material then at the boundary where the displacements are zero, which requires that uu = vux,the criterion reduces to :

This equation when transformed into dimensionless form becomes :

Hence first yielding takes place when the sum of the bending and membrane stresses reaches the value obtained from equation (21), namely:
u p = (uJx(a.0) (um)xca, 0) If a parameter B is introduced, where upa2 B = 12(1-4Eh2

Values of W ofor the various values of B are plotted in Fig. 1 1 for values of /3 of 1,3,$ and 0.
SUMMARY

. .

(22)

The present solution is in excellent agreement with the known solutions of the linear theory for both deflections and stresses. The large deflection load-deflection predictions are in good agreement with Ways (5) predictions. For large

PLATE STRENGTH PARAMETER, B

Fig. 11. Curves for predicting initial yield in rectangular plates

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values of W , inconsistencies appear in both theories but to a lesser extent in the present solution. The bending stresses are in fair agreement with Ways predictions but for the membrane stresses the trend of the two theories was not the same. The results of a series of rectangular plate tests (15)showed that the membrane stresses were reliably predicted by the series solution. The comparisons indicate that the present series solution provides a reliable means of predicting the large deflection elastic behaviour of plates. The solution covers the complete range of aspect ratios and is presented in a form which is more convenient to use than the numerical and graphical forms of the existing solutions. For predicting plate behaviour the present solution requires only the values of the coefficients of the terms of the series to be read from the appropriate figures or tables.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Table 4
Constant

Present analysis Chien and Yeh Adjusted analysis

+0.5499 - 1.9646 -0.1136 -0.4713 +1.2115 +5*7642 +0*795

F = M G=P H=N
J

-2.23
+1.67 -0.503 1.436 +6*20

=R K=Q
L

=s

+0-7948 -2.2321 14686 -0.5033 14357 +6*2013

The work described in this paper represents part of an investigation into the behaviour of plates carried out at the School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, the Head of the School being Professor J. W. Roderick, and was made possible by a Commonwealth of Australia Research Studentship. The author is indebted to Professor B. Rawlings for his assistance in the course of this investigation.

The solution of equation (25) is given in the present analysis column of Table 4. If the constant of the third equation -(22ac+ 12ab) is rewritten -(22ac- 12ab) the solution which results is that given in the adjusted analysis column of Table 4, and is the same as that given by Chien and Yeh. After rechecking and finding no justification for the minus sign the matrix equation (25) was accepted as being correct and its solutions were used in the determination of the solutions of the third approximation.
APPENDIX 2
REFERENCES

(I) BOOBNOFF, G. On the stresses in ships bottom plating I. due to water pressure, Trans. Instn nav. Archir. 1902
44, 15.

- 1 2 9 3 -31 -5 1 -21 15 -15 10 9 0 0 0 1 0 15 9

-

0 30 0 -10 -64

o - - F1 15 -19 -1

4 6

-15

-24 -6 -9

G H J

K
~

-24

- L _

= -

8a2 52ac 22ac 30ad 114ae

+ +

+
+

L 40ad

2ab 12ab 6c2 72b2 24bc

+ 30ac + 28bc + 2ad + 4bc + 5c2 + 12b2

c = E-4A$4;

where a = A-2; b = C-2A+1; 5A-2C-2E-2; e = A-2~.

d=

FOPPL, and FOPPL, Drang und Zwang 1920, 230-232 A. L. (R. Oldenbourg). (3) HENCKY, Die Berechnung dunner rechteckiger Platten H. mit verschwindender Biegungsteifigkeit, Z . angew. Math. Mech. 1921 1, 81. ( ) RAMBERG, MCPHERSON, E. and LEVY,S. Normal 4 W., A. pressure tests of rectangular plates, N.A.C.A. Report No. 748, 1942. ( 5 ) WAY, S. Uniformly loaded, clamped, rectangular plates with large deflections, Proc. 5th Inr. Congr. Appl. Mech., Cambridge, Mass., 1938, 123. (6) LEVY, S. Square plate with clamped edges under normal pressure producing large deflections, N.A.C.A. Report No. 740, 1942. (7) GREEN, R. and SOUTHWELL, V. Problems relating to J. R. large transverse displacements of thin elastic plates, Phil. Trans. R. SOC.1940-46 239 (Series A), 539. (8) WANG, C. T. Bending of rectangular plates with large deflections, N.A.C.A. Tech. Note No. 1462, 1948. (9) BERGER, M. A new approach to the analysis of large H. deflections of plates, 3. appl. Mech. 1955 22,465. (1.0) CHIEN,W. Z. and YEH, K. Y. On the large deflection of rectangular plates, Proc. 9th Inr. Congr. appl. Mech., Brussels, 1957 6 , 403. (XI) BALACHANDRA, and GOPALACHARYULU, Large M. S. deflections of clamped plate by modified Fourier series, J. appl. Mech. 1965 32, 943. (12) MANSFIELD, H. E. The bending and stretching of plates 1964 (Pergamon Press). (13) TIMOSHENKO, WOINOWSKY-KRIEGER, Theory of S. and S. plates and shells 1959 (McGraw-Hill). (14)CLARKSON, Strength of approximately flat long rectanguJ. lar plates under lateral pressure, Trans. N . E . Cst Insrn Engrs Shipbldrs 1957-58 74, 2 1. (15) HOOKE, and RAWLINGS, An experimental investigaR. B. tion of the behaviour of clamped, rectangular, mild steel plates subjected to uniform transverse pressure, Proc. Instn civ. Engrs 1969 42 (January), 75.
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JOURNAL MECHANICAL E N G I N E E R I N G SCIENCE

Vol 11 No 3 1969