1.

Given: Hemispherical Plug Radius r = 0.25m Depth h = 2m.

To Find: Horizontal (FH) and Vertical (Fv) forces acting on the plug. Solution:

FH = (Specific Weight of Fluid x depth to the plugs centroid from the surfac e x Area of the hemisphere.) FH = h A = 9.81 KN/m3 h = 2 m A = 2r2 = 2 x 3.14 x 0.252 = 0.393 m2 FH = 9.81 x 2 x 0.393 =7.711 KN FV = Specific weight of the Fluid x volume of the fluid disp laced by hemisphere. FV = V = 9.81 KN/m3 V = (2/3) r3 = 0.033 m3 FV = 9.81 x 0.033 = 0.323 KN Note: The horizontal and vertical forces due to O-Ring can be neglected because of its negligible area and volume in comparison with Hemispherical Plug. Result: FH = 7.711 KN FV = 0.323 KN

2.

Given:

Wooden pole partially submerged in the water. To Find: Density of the wooden pole =? Solution: Free body Diagram

W = Weight of the pole Fb = Buoyant Force. L = Length of the wooden pole. Note: The weight of the wooden pole acts through the centroid, which is the mid point for the given wooden pole. (L/2) The buoyant force acts at the midpoint of the poles distance which is submerged inside the water. (L (L/6)) W = Specific weight of the wood x volume of the pole = V = 9.81 x SG N/m3 V = 2L (where r = Radius of pole) Let r = 1, L = 1 so V = 3.14m3 W = 9.81 x SG x 3.14 = (30.8 x SG) KN Fb = Specific weight of the water x volume of the liquid displaced by the pole. Fb = 9.81 x 2 (L/3) = 9.81 x 3.14 x (1/3) = 10.268 KN Taking Moments about A MA = W (L/2) cos30 - Fb (5L/6) cos30 = 0 0 = (30.80x0.5xcos30xSG) - (10.268x0.833xcos30) SG = 0.556 Density = 0.5560x 1000 = 556 Kg/m3 Result: Density of the wooden pole = 0.556 x 1000 = 556 Kg/m3 3. Given:

Flow rate Q = 16 cfs = 16 ft3/s hL = 0.02 (L/D) (V2/2g) L = length of the pipe (m) D = diameter of the pipe (m) V = velocity of flow (m/s) G = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2) L1 = 200 ft L2 = 300 ft A1 = 1 ft2 A2 = 2 ft2 D1 = 1.128 ft D2 = 1.596 ft G = 32.18 ft/s2 Z2 = 110 ft To Find: Elevation required between two reservoirs to main this flow rate z1 Solution: Applying Bernoullis equation between two reservoirs (P1/) + (V12/2g) + Z1 = (P2/) + (V22/2g) + Z2 + hL1 + hl2 Suffix 1 refers reservoir 1 and 2 refers to the reservoir 2. P1 = P2 = 0, V1 = V2 = 0 Z1 Z2 = hL1 + hL2 Q = A2V2

V2 = (16/2) = 8 ft/s V1 = (16/1) = 16 ft/s hL1 = 14.106 ft (after substituting in the head loss formula given) hL2 = 3.737 ft (after substituting in the given head loss formula). Z1 Z2 = 14.106 + 3.737 Z1 = 14.106 + 3.737 + 110 = 127.84 ft Result: Elevation required is 127.84 ft 4. Given:

Density of water = 1000 Kg/m3 P2 = 0 V2 = 10 m/s D2 = 30 x 10-2 m P1 =? V1 =? D1 = 60 x 10-2 m Volume of bend = 0.25 m3 Mass of the bend material = 250 kg To Find: Force components acting on the flange? Solution: Flow rate = Q = A1V1 = A2V2 V1 = (A2V2)/A1 = (0.07065 x 10) / 0.2826 = 2.5 m/s By applying Bernoullis equation at two ends we have (P1/) + (V12/2g) = (V22/2g) (Note: other head values in the equations are zero) P1 = (9810 / (2x9.81)) (102 2.52) = 46875 (N/m2) X force component FX: FH = ((Q)/ ) (V1 V2cos600) + P1A1 = 11480.625 N (after substituting and solving the above equation with given values) Y component of the force FY: FY = ((Q)/ ) (V2sin600) = 6118.47 N Note: The volume of the bend and the weight of the bend material will act vertic ally downwards, hence it will have nil or negligible effect on the flanges. Thus the force components due to them are neglected. Result: FX = 11.5 KN

FY = 6.118 KN 5. Given:

Slope of the road = 80 Head Wind velocity 5 m/s Total mass = 80 Kg Total Weight = 784.8 N Co efficient of friction = 0.02 Cd = 0.5 A = 0.5 m2 = 1.2 kg/m3 V = Velocity of the bicycle VW = velocity of the head wind To Find: Velocity of the bicycle. Solution: When the bicycle is coasting down the hill its forces along the hill must be bal anced. along the hill = 0 mg sin - mg cos CDA (/2) (V + VW)2 = 0 (V+VW)2 = 625 V = 20 m/s Result: Velocity of the bicycle is = 20 m/s